SCIENCE
1
THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK ;y>u UL&UEIUUICU tf UigSfJIIilltrS UUÏldi GUiMetS- EfcJMIELp:- (Ofcn tlSur· s*et£tauE<ïfi SEMJ.IT es Bûcaitied! e x e c u t i v e icriS&ctf*. tr-nm!p^ki;we GLiiliette-irnui,, a m d i rrt-seuireEi JOMB gwriaafluixctt uriûciiiîinoil] !blbioirj:tio>ri:c:'>. SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY Industriel Uses of Atomic Wastes Described in Economic Study Clfrovonuss Factor Isolated is Nine-Step Process ILiwibifiEio-fli *ΰ£ JU. E-eaaupie-x. * itΛΕΙΛΙΧΙ; culled: ttlhw (CËtlnWiWMMniUBmi feliEtHO-F, BlttiS htmzt JsEtntOTLELfftE lb?· J- C_ Ktriiirsst-esy- audi ^DiiEto-n SiDvemitiit to.-θ ttlta· XjifiixuxiDifiD HincsSiliHsfetf'S» ω H Efic-jJltJh.. EXs- «ttwrtenirtfl iimi B9*-£S Ibra EU. EL SuiEEcVrEk-Di jiiuf CL A. BfoKmnrarumimi- fcEur a t r w uu^tijn £et* its mt.Mrmur· ίππωπιΐ] tÊLtr Uanct ttEiuitt it bf e^s+^ELtiaJI to· ttEbx* smoraKli&i Φ& t&.e IkLettrrrLMLEu LtMurunovtuc ic&miW(ù>trmim^ TÎLtr irjtetoF Ls> c E o ^ y rt-Luted feo) {ftuffik· aacixiiL lolttrEU uirti^cî iDL t£ie trtr..ttrLi.erifc iO>il JinDrinjIliLll ΔΟΆ/ά inniiillllllilitllttlitO Gb. Ft^Ei.C a.CLLL gKnoiSwiBrfhr «Etotrs mot e.'tLst ta Euuttirev the ccîlitrcmËTÎis sCamtt-- e^.(i;b-pti aïs ptioifc of tl've crtru- ^tOiTiiiinmi HuiicCiùii- finiû-miu VKBUCUTEL iit taiti be re- aDiiO/aietifl IW erBiitrnimiieaJ] twaitncLtrmit. ÎD)J_ Ktriïlr'T^tfe^^ ^El/J IBfc. SLEverrLLOIL O-b- (Luuffiieiifi îifîur fhuctlioir a» JI e.·nv>s-taiEEiae- {kuriiim sviiBu.fcuHMiWcbrir Dcueir mi a: minie-step» proeess·. Tike ffaa stt<rg> ES» aiimt(0;Eysi> off t h e · gurtMcndi ILxreir, Xtrsii fiEue nEKitenrailî Es :idsa>r;IbecE ο a tcfemiruiioaill^fcWÎIWsnr<<£hy e-lkfcfGxni,. a=nd then: wjiSfir-aiiufiifi nmiSiolifflbJe- mosuKeirf. tills aore p r e e i p L - ttafecdi -Jumà mxmiùJKttdL Tte. ciiore- prcrifîecî pSoaise es esinniûrfiefifi wâiEu bcLtainoI ait p>E£ 3- InmiDrinrntmrS mm aum aiEBiimoBÎaieiJiE e x t r a c t of ttSiii· S)xoetLuEDcû;fi esdnra-cti ajre* pireecpitaitedi vvitJb mmitilkHnDU)â, -jusjcà fi&e E&nnfbfniEmig miiEeriiaJi fs aiofi?ioafc»ftj Snstt (nm 2. Btorarex: Ε euinnmn r then toxai (CBIÏJHEICOOEIIJ, aaaxdl finally an; am aJiiuamiiitrEi (0)5ΏίΙί· (cioliincnuim inrosai aiugnewuES- aileoiioE soltt- ttâociL Hhi- Ikhstt s t e p cQ.iusiistiS of' Ente trônai (Cgy»ft:tilinnziifl£{Qim of t l i e huaifmirmi s a l t . THiitc· sic5eisBËËïfis saîd li&ufi attEioscEgEn tlie jpnantf α^ΰπ«^"ΐ2ΗΠΐΐ3πα] Êiet©.ir taits· mot been tried Em rnninn (Off aiSauiukSii hinimmium d!iseucje%. ELuIbora- ttioay ttr^fis Biui^te- fndikaiedi tEuait t t is- rnore cH'^SËuTr·fiBiuameiCh-eiT iruIÊe· a:(L-t(J or die-rivLLtrves (0>a tfiofficr jnciciL SOEccîii Lbs t h e eo.i'Dupoi'tntî re- suaGuËnug ifmojom the i©mnmylklifâni aoidi r e d t t e t i o m (OJU jpfteiw^l^iaieuiEiiBËGr a(cii(4, wEnfeEu E t a d been tiEDcoxiag&itt Κω) Hie* t i k e synifiBieCÊe cftro'VOincmi ifjuctom. T f e cBteinaiEits ©liseirveell thiut eNîperïuLients ^"SiBa fiBute Bwrnire· vftaiimirriLp w b o s e eEiemfeaJ! iritnuixt&irare Es niaw Bieèaig: EaivrestEi^aited,. may (oâeir imew Baafliwljetige ol bîood disorders ^lleK2MBnmgg to Eera&enaiËi,. spnucev ane-aiiiav aneE aaxjiEnunnttniltDtMiL THie syrrtELetne c£eirfva:tLves BiLLiwe· Hieeiiu mised mi tàre^aifinLg; Eeiîtkermiiav huit tSttcy Buaiwci tîQKic efiTects wEiifehi EmiLt therr πα»?- Htijjwrever,, trie newEy isolated mate- iraiifl ns (faîËiiEGit% d i f f é r e n t ifromi the syrx- tlWtire· cffliraBVBiaiTiiinm. ifactQ.rr an<J t w f e e as 'xc- tiiwfc. Itt fis pffissMer fadt the vitanmin iraitor nrnmy fee· vadlniiaihfe- fen preventEn^: the tO'xic (cfeicus ©if tfee itofe acidl d!erfvuit£\res. T&Ss \s«D.idb was amnotEneedl feoi a. eoni- cmsafliiDDicuiliâDim tt© tlhiei eJËto^ir οπι pa^e· 5.5 20 of {iTîDe Jiûiaimwfl Θ$ the Amevùran Chemical Scoxritetfnff fa- I^Ggyenniher, Process described for sterilizing penicillin with gamma radiation Λ ^IL.E.LQNS of cinries of radioactivity are -k^-"- contaiiiect in the process wastes re- iiuutniEig from the production of plutonium ia the Atomic Energy- Commission's nu- cle-jir reactors. While these fission prod- ucts are of tio iis-^' us heat sources or in- dustrial or explosive power, they arc a potential source oi large quantities of low- eos-t racliatiort. A...EC commissioned Stan- ford Research- Institute to make a techno- t'cotiuntLc survey of possible industrial uses of the fission products» and, -in a report re- EeLLst'd Nov. ST SKI concludes that while potential I'arge-scsaLe demand for the prod- ucts rvists ia indobtry. many technical and t'conotttic problerms must be solved before protnising new cises ol the by-products CLLEL he developed— The report explains that promising in- tltrstrial applicatnons for fission products are to be found irt various stages of techno- logical developme-nt. Among present com- mercially feasible uses are the activation of phosphorus for self-luminescent signs and markers^ staîiic eliminators for a var- iety of industrial processes, the reduction of starting voltage requirements in fluores- cent light tubes 3.nd in process control in- struments which incorporate a source of radiation. Possible future uses, which will require two to Bve years* additional de- vflopnient, incHuding industrial radi- ography, cold sterilization of drugs and foods, and portable low-level power sources. In the highly speculative area, where basic technical knowledge is lack- ing, uses might be in the fields of radiation chemistry and name propagation. In the table, the approximate state of technologi- cal development of selected large-scale po- tential industrial uses, the fission products lequired, the maximum value-in-use or competitive price, and the size of the mar- ket and nature of competition are shown in summary form. Heat-sensitive drugs, pharmaceuticals, and medical supplies are a most promising potential market for cold sterilization with gamma rays, according to the report. Food sterilization without heat suggests many potential markets for fission products, pri- marily because of the possibility of ob- taining unique final products that cannot be obtained economically by known means. Included in the largest market groups are meats, fresh fruits and vegetables, bever- ages, and miscellaneous perishable food products. The use of gamma radiation available from fission products for the sterilization of penicillin is described in the report. In- cluded in SRI's study is the preliminary process design of a sterilization unit, a schematic of which is shown. A convevor Summary of Selected Potential Large-Scale Industrial Uses for Fission Products APPLICATIONS· AND TYPE OF FESSION PRODUCT RE«QUIUE:D MAXIMUM PRICE SIZE OF MARKET- PEH CCHIE 1 (CUKIES) Technology of Use Well Developed $.50 Tens of thousands per year COMPETITION Radium and Pollonium Activation of PhospFion Separated fb>sion prod rets a Pure strontium 90 Static Erimïnators Separated fission products :| Beta emitters FFtwrescent Light Viibes Separated fission products :t Beta emitters- Ertxtrurrzents Containing Radiation Sources Separated fission products·"* of high puritja- Xechno>logy of Use· Partially Developed—2-5 Years Before Ready for Commercial Use $100 s 100 s 100 Thousands per year Hundreds per year Hundreds per year Machines, chemicals, nium, and radium Pile-procluced isotopes Pile-produced isotopes polo- Indastriat Radiography Separated fission products 3 Cesium 1ST Gold Sterilization Drugs and medical supplies; e.g~,. penicillin^ Semirefined fission products* Long half-tire material Foods^ e.g.» Canned ham Semirefined- fission products* Long Half-Life material Canned peas Semirefined! fission products 4 Long Half-life material SÔ-S50 Hundreds of thou- sands, and small annual replenish- ment Millions, and small annual replenish- ment Radium, cobalt G0t and machines Electron generating machines, complex aseptic packaging techniques $0.20 Tens of millions, and small annual replenishment 50.01 Hundreds of mil- lions and small annual replenish- ment 1 Established on "basis of value-in-use or competitive price, whichever is lower. - Order of magnitude. ^Specific isotope?. ^Gross fission products that have been processed to remove some of the nonradio- active contaminants. Electron generating machines Freezing, electron generating machines, heat sterilization 4964 CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS New Text
Transcript of SCIENCE
THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK
;y>u UL&UEIUUICU tf UigSfJIIilltrS UUÏldi G U i M e t S - EfcJMIELp:-
(Ofcn tlSur· s*et£tauE<ïfi SEMJ.IT es Bûcaitied! e x e c u t i v e
icriS&ctf*. tr-nm!p^ki;we GLiiliette-irnui,, amdi rrt-seuireEi
JOMB gwriaafluixctt uriûciiiîinoil] !blbioirj:tio>ri:c:'>.
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
Industriel Uses of Atomic Wastes Described in Economic Study
Clfrovonuss Factor Isolated is Nine-Step Process
ILiwibifiEio-fli *ΰ£ JU. E-eaaupie-x. * itΛΕΙΛΙΧΙ; culled: ttlhw (CËtlnWiWMMniUBmi feliEtHO-F, BlttiS htmzt JsEtntOTLELfftE
lb?· J- C_ Ktriiirsst-esy- audi ^DiiEto-n SiDvemitiit to.-θ ttlta· XjifiixuxiDifiD HincsSiliHsfetf'S» ω H Efic-jJltJh.. EXs-«ttwrtenirtfl iimi B9*-£S Ibra EU. EL SuiEEcVrEk-Di jiiuf CL A. BfoKmnrarumimi- fcEur a t rw uu^tijn £e t* its mt.Mrmur· ίππωπιΐ] tÊLtr Uanct ttEiuitt it bf e^s+^ELtiaJI to·
ttEbx* smoraKli&i Φ& t&.e IkLettrrrLMLEu LtMurunovtuc ic&miW(ù>trmim^ TÎLtr irjtetoF Ls> c E o ^ y rt-Luted feo) {ftuffik· aacixiiL lolttrEU uirti cî iiDL t£ie trtr..ttrLi.erifc iO>il JinDrinjIliLll ΔΟΆ/ά inniiillllllilitllttlitO Gb. Ft^Ei.C a.CLLL gKnoiSwiBrfhr «Etotrs m o t e.'tLst t a Euuttirev t h e ccîlitrcmËTÎis sCamtt-- e^.(i;b-pti aïs ptioifc of t l 've c r t r u -
tOiTiiiinmi HuiicCiùii- finiû-miu VKBUCUTEL iit t a i t i b e r e -
aDiiO/aietifl I W erBiitrnimiieaJ] twaitncLtrmit.
ÎD)J_ Kt r i ï l r 'T^ t fe^^ ^ E l / J IBfc. SLEver rLLOIL O-b-
(Luuffiieiifi îifîur fhuctlioir a» JI e.·nv>s-taiEEiae- {kuriiim sviiBu. fcuHMi Wcbrir Dcueir mi a: minie-step» proeess· . T ike ffaa stt<rg> ES» aiimt(0;Eysi> off the· gurtMcndi ILxreir, Xtrsii fiEue nEKitenrailî Es :idsa>r;IbecE ο a tcfemiruiioaill fcWÎIWsnr<<£ hy e-lkfcfGxni,. a=nd then: wjiSfir-aiiufiifi nmiSiolifflbJe- mosuKeirf. tills aore preeipL-ttafecdi -Jumà mxmiùJKttdL T t e . ciiore- prcrifîecî pSoaise es esinniûrfiefifi wâiEu bcLtainoI ait p>E£ 3 -InmiDrinrntmrS mm aum aiEBiimoBÎaieiJiE e x t r a c t of ttSiii· S)xœtLuEDcû;fi esdnra-cti ajre* pireecpitaitedi vvitJb mmitilkHnDU)â, -jusjcà fi&e E&nnfbfniEmig miiEeriiaJi fs aiofi?ioafc»ftj Snstt (nm 2. Btorarex: Ε euinnmn r t h e n toxai (CBIÏJHEICOŒIIJ, aaaxdl finally an; am aJiiuamiiitrEi (0)5ΏίΙί· (cioliincnuim inrosai aiugnewuES- aileoiioE sol t t -ttâociL Hhi- Ikhstt s t e p cQ.iusiistiS of' Ente t r ô n a i (Cgy»ft:tilinnziifl£{Qim of t l i e huaifmirmi sa l t .
THiitc· sic5eisBËËïfis sa îd li&ufi attEioscEgEn t l ie jpnantf α ΰπ« "ΐ2ΗΠΐΐ3πα] Êiet©.ir taits· mot b e e n t r i e d Em rnninn (Off aiSauiukSii hinimmium d!iseucje%. ELuIbora-ttioay ttr^fis Biui te- fndikaiedi tEuait t t is- r n o r e cH' SËuTr· fiBiuam eiCh-eiT iruIÊe· a:(L-t(J or die-rivLLtrves (0>a tfiofficr jnciciL SŒccîii Lbs t h e eo.i'Dupoi'tntî r e -suaGuËnug ifmojom t h e i©mnmylklifâni aoidi r ed t t e t iom (OJU jpfteiw l iaieuiEiiBËGr a(cii(4, wEnfeEu Etad b e e n tiEDcoxiag&itt Κω) Hie* t ike synifiBieCÊe cftro'VOincmi ifjuctom.
T f e cBteinaiEits ©liseirveell thiut eNîperïuLients "SiBa fiBute Bwrnire· vftaiimirriLp w b o s e eEiemfeaJ!
iritnuixt&irare Es niaw Bieèaig: EaivrestEi^aited,. m a y (oâeir imew Baafliwljetige o l b î o o d d i s o r d e r s lleK2MBnmgg to Eera&enaiËi,. spnucev ane-aiiiav aneE aaxjiEnunnttniltDtMiL THie syrrtELetne c£eirfva:tLves BiLLiwe· Hieeiiu mised mi tàre aifinLg; Eeiîtkermiiav huit tSttcy Buaiwci tîQKic efiTects wEiifehi EmiLt t h e r r πα»?- Htijjwrever,, t r i e newEy i s o l a t e d m a t e -iraiifl ns (faîËiiEGit% différent ifromi t h e syrx-tlWtire· cffliraBVBiaiTiiinm. ifactQ.rr an<J t w f e e a s 'xc-tiiwfc. Itt fis pffissMer fadt t h e vitanmin i r a i t o r nrnmy fee· vadlniiaihfe- fen preventEn^: t h e tO'xic (cfeicus ©if tfee i tofe acidl d!erfvuit£\res.
T&Ss \s«D.idb w a s amnotEneedl feoi a. e o n i -cmsafliiDDicuiliâDim tt© tlhiei eJËto^ir οπι p a ^ e · 5.520 o f {iTîDe Jiûiaimwfl Θ$ the Amevùran Chemical Scoxritetfnff fa- I^Ggyenniher,
Process described for steril izing penicillin with gamma radiat ion
Λ ^IL.E.LQNS of cinries of radioactivity are -k -"- contaiiiect in the process wastes re-iiuutniEig from the production of plutonium ia the Atomic Energy- Commission's nu-cle-jir reactors. While these fission products are of tio iis-^' us heat sources o r industrial or explosive power, they a rc a potential source oi large quantities of low-eos-t racliatiort. A...EC commissioned Stanford Research- Institute to make a techno-t'cotiuntLc survey o f possible industrial uses of the fission products» and, -in a report re-EeLLst'd Nov. ST SKI concludes that while potential I'arge-scsaLe demand for the products rvists ia indobtry. many technical and t'conotttic problerms must be solved before protnising new cises o l the by-products CLLEL he developed—
The report explains that promising in-tltrstrial applicatnons for fission products a re to b e found irt various stages of technological developme-nt. A m o n g present commercially feasible uses are the activation of phosphorus for self-luminescent signs and markers^ staîiic eliminators for a variety of industrial processes, the reduction of starting voltage requirements in fluorescent light tubes 3.nd i n process control instruments which incorporate a source of radiation. Possible future uses, which will require two to Bve years* additional de-vflopnient, incHuding industrial radi
ography, cold sterilization of drugs and foods, and portable low-level power sources. In the highly speculative area, where basic technical knowledge is lacking, uses might be in the fields of radiation chemistry a n d name propagation. In the table, the approximate state of technological development of selected large-scale potential industrial uses, the fission products lequired, the maximum value-in-use or competitive price, and the size of the market and nature of competition are shown in summary form.
Heat-sensitive drugs, pharmaceuticals, and medical supplies are a most promising potential market for cold sterilization with gamma rays, according to the report. Food sterilization without heat suggests many potential markets for fission products, primarily because of the possibility of obtaining unique final products that cannot be obtained economically by known means. Included in the largest market groups are meats, fresh fruits and vegetables, beverages, and miscellaneous perishable food products.
The use of gamma radiation available from fission products for the sterilization of penicillin is described in the report. Included in SRI's study is the preliminary process design of a sterilization unit, a schematic of which is shown. A convevor
Summary o f Selected Potential Large-Scale Industr ial Uses for Fission Products APPLICATIONS· AND TYPE O F FESSION
PRODUCT RE«QUIUE:D
MAXIMUM P R I C E SIZE OF M A R K E T -
PEH C C H I E 1 ( C U K I E S ) Technology of Use Well Developed
$.50 Tens of thousands per year
COMPETITION
Radium and Pollonium Activation of PhospFion Separated fb>sion prod retsa
Pure strontium 9 0 Static Erimïnators
Separated fission products: |
Beta emitters FFtwrescent Light Viibes
Separated fission products:t
Beta emitters-Ertxtrurrzents Containing Radiation Sources
Separated fission products·"* of high puritja-
Xechno>logy of Use· Partially Developed—2-5 Years Before Ready for Commercial Use
$100
s 100
s 100
Thousands per year
Hundreds per year
Hundreds per year
Machines, chemicals, nium, and radium
Pile-procluced isotopes
Pile-produced isotopes
polo-
Indastriat Radiography Separated fission products3
Cesium 1ST Gold Sterilization
Drugs and medica l supplies; e.g~,. penicillin^
Semirefined fission products* Long half-tire material
Foods^ e.g.» Canned ham
Semirefined- fission products* Long Half-Life material
Canned peas Semirefined! fission products4
Long Half-life material
SÔ-S50 Hundreds of thousands, and small annual replenishment
Millions, and small annual replenishment
Radium, cobalt G0t and machines
Electron generating machines, complex aseptic packaging techniques
$0.20 Tens of millions, and small annual replenishment
50.01 Hundreds of millions and small annual replenishment
1 Established on "basis of value-in-use or competitive price, whichever is lower. - Order of magnitude. ^Specific isotope?. ^Gross fission products that have been processed to remove some of the nonradioactive contaminants.
Electron generating machines
Freezing, electron generating machines, heat sterilization
4964 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S
New Text
