BOOKS

BEYOND THE FLYLEAF Russia's Lomonosov. Β. Ν. MENSHUTKIN.

viii -}- 208 pages. Princeton University Press. Princeton, N. J. 1952. $4.00, Reviewed by D. H. KULLEFFER, Tucka-hoe, Ν. Υ.

T H I S little book provides a fascinating portrait of an important pioneer of science in action. The barrier of language has here been removed to allow western readers and scientists to meet and enjoy Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, the ex­traordinary son of a Russian fisherman. Lomonosov was t h j contemporary of Ben­jamin Franklin, Count Rumford, and Lavoisier, and in many ways his career resembled theirs, for he was occupied with the same problems and reached very much the same conclusions as these men. He rose from humble beginnings to a place of great honor as Franklin did, and like him was deeply interested in elec­tricity. Like Rumford, he studied the con­version of mechanical energy into heat and closely approached the law of con­servation of energy. Like Lavoisier, he was led by his chemical studies close to the law of the conservation of matter and to the atomic theory. He pioneered what we now know as physical chemistry and de­veloped the idea of an absolute zero of temperature. He occupied an important position in the Russian* Academy of Sci­ences of his day and in the court of the Empress Elizabeth. His poetry and his grammar of the Russian language were vital factors in unifying spoken Russian with the written language of the church and Lomonosov thus gave new directions to Russian literature. Above all he was a great teacher filled with an ambition and a zeal to bring enlightenment through edu­cation to the Russian people.

By all means read this fascinating book about an extraordinary man and scientist.

Absorption and Extraction. 2nd ed. T. K. SHERWOOD AND R. L. PIGFORD. ix -f 478 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. 1952. $7.50. Reviewed by M. C. MOL-STAD, University of Pennsylvania.

T H E first edition, by Sherwood in 1937, provided the initial comprehensive cover­age of the field of absorption. While it presented what was then known in very understandable and useful form, its great­est value was that it was the predominant stimulus to the vast amount of research and study which has since been devoted to the subject. The extent of this is indicated statistically by the fact that the second edition, with Pigford as coauthor, has 478 pages compared with the 278 of the first, and 522 literature references as compared with 202.

The general sequence of subject matter has been retained, but each topic has been greatly expanded. Much new information and many refinements of design methods

have been added. The most important advances have been in the theory of mass transfer from a surface to a turbulent fluid stream, and in the mutually enlightening relationships between fluid friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer. Much of this information appears in the two new chap­ters devoted to eddy diffusion and trans­fer of material between phases. A separate chapter is now devoted to simultaneous heat and mass transfer. I t is interesting to note that the number of pages devoted to design principles, equipment perform­ance, and simultaneous absorption and chemical reaction is about double those in the first edition. The coverage of solvent extraction is again limited to a single chapter, with this also considerably re­vised and enlarged.

The usefulness of the book to the prac­ticing engineer is greatly enhanced by the 46 illustrative calculations, and its value as a textbook is markedly increased by the addition of 56 problems. The material is carefully and completely presented and in­cludes so much of value in fields other than absorption and solvent extraction that it belongs in every university and chemical process industry library.

Aluminum Information An eight-page reprint leaflet called

"Conservation of Aluminum" contains in­formation on the efficient use of available supplies of aluminum and on the proper handling of scrap. Prepared by the press division of the Aluminum Association, 551 Fifth Ave., New York 17, Ν. Υ.

Copyright, Design, and Patent Guide. H. J. E. METZLER. 125 pages. Améliorant Co., Box 108, Halesite, L. Ι., Ν. Υ. $2.00.

Economic and Commercial Conditions in the United States of America*. Prepared by Members of the Staff of Her Majesty's Embassy in Washington, vii -f- 266 pages. British Information Serv­ice, Sales Department H.M.S.O., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, Ν. Υ. 1952. 8/6d.

Kunststoff-Taschenbuch. 9 Ausgabe. 321 pages. CARL HANSER VERLAG, Muchen 27, Germany. DM 10.80.

Principles of Geochemistry. BRIAN MASON, vii -f- 276 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth Ave., New York lb, Ν. Υ. $5.00.

Proceedings of the Second Technical Ses­sion on Bone Char 1951. V. R. Deitz, ed. 436 pages. Bone Char Research Project, Inc., 333 Medford St., Charles­ton 29, Mass. $4.00.

Red Metal, The Calumet and Hecla Story. C. H. BENEDICT, xii -f 257 pages. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Mich. $4.00.

Steels in Modern Industry. W. E. Ben-bow, ed. 570 pages. British Book Centre, Inc., 122 East 55th St., New York 22, Ν. Υ. $9.00.

Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Com­pounds. Volume 2, Structure and Con­stitution. W. HUCKEL. χ -f- 653 pages. Elsevier Press, 402 Lovett Blvd., Hous­ton, Tex. $13.50.

Tables of Percentage Composition of Or­ganic Compounds. H. GYSEL. vii -j-637 pages. Verlag Birkhauser, Basel, Switzerland. Fr. 125.

G O V E R N M E N T P U B L I C A T I O N S

The following documents are available at prices indicated from the Superintend­ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. When no price is indicated, pamphlet is free and obtainable from issuing organizations.

U. S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards

Nuclear Data. Supplement 2 to NBS Circular 499. KATHERINE WAY et al. 63 pages. ( For sale only to subscribers to Circular 499, which is $4.25 a set).

Report of the Thirty-sixth National Conference on Weights and Measures. Misc. Pub. 202. 115 pages. 50 cents.

Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids. A. A. MARYOTT AND E. R. SMITH. Circ. 514. iv -f- 44 pages. 30 cents.

Testing of Measuring Equipment, a Manual for Weights and Measures Of­ficials. R. W. SMITH. Handbook 45. vii -f- 205 pages. $1.25.

X-Ray Calibration of Radiation Survey Meters, Pocket Chambers, and Dosime­ters. F . H . D A Y . Circ. 507. 11 pages. 15 cents.

{Continued on page 1821)

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(Continued from page 1816)

Zirconium acetate, bbl., wks lb. 0.26 l ή Carbonate, basic, bbl.. wks lb. 0 . 3 o U Nitrate, drums, wks lb. 4. 50 Oxide, white ground, bags, wks.. . lb. 1. 50 Oxychloride, cryst., wks lb. 0.35 '£ Silicate, gran, bags, wks.. 100 11). 3 . 1 2 4 - 3 . 25 Sulfate, cryst., wks lb. 0 37 * SO.38

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(Continued from page 1799)

Sound Movie Available On Electron Microscope

A 30-minute, 16-mni sound film dealing with electron microscopy- is available From the Research & Control Instruments Divi­sion, North American Philips Co., Inc., 750 South Fulton Ave., Mount Vernon, Ν . Υ. T h e movie explains the operation and application of the new Philips instru­ment and illustrates some of the work that can be performed with the aid of this powerful research tool.

Industrial and scientific groups inter­ested in making arrangements for exhibi­tion of the film should contact C. J. Woods, giving place, date , and hour desired for the showing. If possible, an alternate date should be designated to allow for possible conflict. A number of copies of this film are located at offices of distributors throughout the U. S. and requests for showings will be forwarded to the nearest representative, who will then complete the final arrangements.

Expansion Behavior of Coal The results of a critical review of the

literature on the expansion behavior of coal during carbonization and a survey of industrial practice has been published in a bulletin of the Institute of Cas Tech­nology. The institute's survey and review was followed by a critical analysis of the material obtained with the major objective of formulating the most promising plan of research for determining the factors involved. It was hoped that these factors could be successfully correlated with com­paratively simple laboratory tests and that these tests could then be substituted for the more difficult and costly method of large-scale pilot-oven testing. T h e ulti­mate research objective was to develop a sound method of predicting expansion be­havior during carbonization from labora­tory measurements of fundamental coal properties.

A concrete research proposal has been outlined, the essential feature of which is the procurement of an adequate series of representative coals of known expansion behavior and coking properties, especially those coals of similar chemical composition

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but of different known expansion behavior, as predetermined in Russell oven tests and plant use by cooperating coke producing companies.

The bulletin, called "Expansion Be­havior of Coal Dur ing Carbonization," is available from the director of the Institute of Gas Technology, Technology Center , Chicago 16, 111., for $5.00.

ÂGA Reports on Water Gas Research

An interpretive summary of an experi­mental program on the mechanism of the water gas reaction which has been under way since June 1945 at Battelle Institute, has been prepared by the American Gas Association. An intensive study was made of the reactions of carbon and its com­pounds with oxygen and steam, reactions which have been for many years the sub­ject of extended theoretical and practical investigation. Some of the simplest ques­tions remained unanswered. Just what, ior example, goes on in different parts of the fuel bed of a water gas set at different parts of the cycle? W h a t actually limits the gas making rates? Is it the attainable temperatures? Or the rate of heat trans­fer? Or the rate at which steam can be supplied to the fuel bed? Or the chemical reactivity of the coke? A 21-page illus­trated booklet which reports on the project has been issued by AG A and is available for $1.00 from headquarters at 420 Lex­ington Ave., New York 17, Ν. Υ.

Chemical-Biological Correlation The symposium volume on "Chemical-

Biological Correlation" has been issued by the National Research Council Chemi­cal-Biological Coordination Center. Data are presented by leading authorities on correlations which exist between chemical structure and (1 ) parasiticidal action; (2) plant-growth regulatory action; ( 3 ) sym-

( Continued on page 1827)

1821

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S O L I D S T A T E I N O R G A N I C C H E M I S T : B . S . , M . S . . P h . D . t h e s i s in J u n e . R e s e a r c h in c e r a m i c d ie l ec t r i c s , solid s o l u t i o n s , p h o s p h o r s , a n d x - r a y d i f f rac t ion . M a r r i e d , v e t e r a n , S i g m a X i , P h i L a m b d a U p s i l o n . P r e f e r research pos i t ion in e a s t e r n loca t ion . B o x 3 3 S - J - 4 , C . & Ε . Ν . , E a s t o n , P a .

O R G A N I C C H E M I S T — B . S . F i v e y e a r s e x ­per ience in r e sea rch a n d p r o d u c t i o n of s y n t h e t i c dyes tu f f s a n d t e x t i l e aux i l i a r i e s . E n g i n e e r i n g a n d s u p e r v i s o r y exper ience . Des i r e s p o s i t i o n of r e ­s p o n s i b i l i t y in s y n t h e s i s of o rgan ic s w i t h p r o ­g ress ive o r g a n i z a t i o n . M a r r i e d , v e t e r a n , 27. P r e ­fer E a s t e r n l oca t i on . B o x 3 4 0 - J - 4 , C . & Ε . Ν . , E a s t o n , P a .

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Soaps and Detergents The AST M Papers on Evaluation of

Soaps and Detergents, sponsored by ASTM Committee Ό-12 on Soaps and Other Detergents at 1951 meetings in New York City, present new techniques for evalua­tion of soaps and detergents. Although literature is replete with methods, the ones used frequently tend to measure

either the individual properties or the combined properties of a material with the result that it has been difficult to obtain agreement upon the methods for evaluation. This group of papers was pre­sented to further the exchange of infor­mation on procedures for making such evaluations.

Copies of this 64-page compilation of Papers on Evaluation of Soaps and Deter­gents (STP No. 115) can be procured in heavy paper cover from the American So­ciety for Testing Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia 3, Pa., at $1.50 each.

B R I T I S H H O N O U R S G R A D U A T E — ( 2 7 ) . Seven y e a r s r e s e a r c h , d e v e l o p m e n t c h e m i s t r y s i l i ca te m i n e r a l s . Seeks e m p l o y m e n t U . S . A . B o x 6 0 0 - L - 4 , C . & Ε . N . , E a s t o n , P a .

B I O C H E M I S T : P h . D . J u n e 1952. M i n o r s : B a c t e r i o l o g y , o r g a n i c , p h y s i o l o g y . Age 28. M a r ­r ied . V e t e r a n . D e s i r e s i n d u s t r i a l r e s ea r ch p o s i ­t ion . N o r t h e a s t p r e f e r r e d . P u b l i c a t i o n . Box 6 0 2 - L - 4 , C . & Ε . Ν . , E a s t o n , P a .

C H E M I S T — E x p e r i e n c e m a n u f a c t u r e c a r b o n p a p e r , i nks , d u p l i c a t o r a n d l i t h o g r a p h i c supp l i e s . D e v e l o p m e n t en t i r e ly new sp i r i t d u p l i c a t o r m e t h o d for b l a c k , p e r m a n e n t , n o n - s m u d g i n g copies . Also m e t h o d f o r p r e - s ens i t i z ed p r i n t i n g p l a t e . B o x 6 0 0 - F - 4 , C . & Ε . Ν . , E a s t o n , P a .

G L A S S B L O W E R — A - 1 — T w e n t y y e a r s e x p e r i ­e n c e ; p r e f e r a b l y e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n . B e s t of references . P . O . B o x 90, A n n A r b o r , M i c h i g a n .

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F O R S A L E : C h e m i c a l A b s t r a c t s , v o l u m e s 40-44 inc lus ive , c o m p l e t e , u n b o u n d ; §45 p l u s t r a n s ­p o r t a t i o n f rom P o n c a C i t y , O k l a h o m a . Box 9 0 1 - L - 4 , C . & E . N . t E a s t o n , P a .

F O R S A L E : T r a n s a c t i o n s Amer ican I n s t i t u t e of C h e m i c a l E n g i n e e r s , Vols . 1-30, b o u n d , exce l ­l en t c o n d i t i o n , m a j o r i t y b r a n d new. B e s t offer. B o x 9 0 2 - L - 4 , C . & Ε . Ν . , E a s t o n , P a .

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B U S I N E S S O P P O R T U N I T I E S

M A N U F A C T U R I N G C H E M I S T — W i t h c o n ­s i d e r a b l e p h a r m a c e u t i c a l p r o d u c t i o n exper ience a n d bus ines s seeks i n t e r e s t in any m a n u f a c t u r i n g or n o n - m a n u f a c t u r i n g c h e m i c a l b u s i n e s s . Offers t e c h n i c a l a b i l i t y , p r o d u c t s a n d p rocesses a n d k n o w l e d g e of t h e i n d u s t r y . B o x 9 0 0 - L - 4 , C . & Ε . Ν . , E a s t o n , P a .

(Continued from page 1821) pathomimetic drug action; (4) antihista-minic action; (5) antithyroid action; (6) fungicidal action; ( 7 ) insecticidal action; (8) antimalarial action; (9) carcinogenic-action and (10) cancer chemotherapeutic action. Papers on antimetabolites, par­ticularly as they relate to cancer, on the effect of drugs on physiologically active thiol systems and the influence of isoster-ism on biological activity are also included.

A description is given of the center's chemical and biological codes and a demonstration of the application of me­chanically sorted punched cards to struc­ture-activity correlations.

Copies of the volume (415 pages) may be obtained for $4.00, postpaid, from the Publications Office, National Research

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS A m e r i c a n C y a n a m i d C o A m e r i c a n I n s t r u m e n t Co . I n c A m e r i c a n O p t i c a l C o A n n i n C o A n t a r a C h e m i c a l s D i v . , G e n e r a l D y e -

stuff C o r p A r c h e r - D a n i e l s - M i d l a n d C o A t l a n t i c Refining Co A u t o m o t i v e R u b b e r C o . I n c

1785 1710 1815 1729

1805 1712 1709 1802

1705 B a i r d A s s o c i a t e s , I n c B a k e r & A d a m s o n P r o d u c t s , G e n e r a l

C h e m i c a l D i v . , Al l i ed C h e m i c a l & D v e C o r p 3 r d Cover

B a k e r C a s t o r O i l C o 1787 B a k e r C h e m i c a l C o . , J . Τ 2 n d Cover B e l l T e l e p h o n e L a b o r a t o r i e s 1713 B e n s o n & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c 1797 Bros i t e s M a c h i n e C o . I n c 1753 B r o w n C o 1714

C a r b i d e & C a r b o n C h e m i c a l s C o . , A. D i v i s i o n of U n i o n C a r b i d e & C a r ­b o n C o r p 4 t h Cover

C o m b u s t i o n E n g i n e e r i n g - S u p e r h e a t e r , I n c . , R a y m o n d . P u l v e r i z e r D i v . . . 1796

C o m m e r c i a l So lven t s C o r p 1716 C o r n i n g G l a s s W o r k s 1780

D a v i s o n C h e m i c a l C o r p D e w e y & Almy C h e m i c a l Co D i s t i l l a t i o n P r o d u c t s I n d u s t r i e s , D i v .

E a s t m a n K o d a k C o D o l l i n g e r Corp D o w C h e m i c a l C o

E b e r s t a d t & Co. I n c . . F E l s e v i e r P r e s s , I n c E t h y l C o r p

F i s h e r Scient i f ic C o .

G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c C o . , X - R a y D e p t . G e n e r a l M i l l s , I n c G r e a t L a k e s C a r b o n C o r p . . E l e c t r o d e

D i v G r o e n M f g . Co

H a r d e s t y C h e m i c a l C o . I n c H a r d i n g e C o . I n c

L a m m e r t & M a n n C o

M a t h i e s o n C h e m i c a l C o r p M e t a l H y d r i d e s , Inc M o n s a n t o C h e m i c a l C o 1 7 5 0 M o r e h o u s e I n d u s t r i e s -

N a t i o n a l F i l t e r N i e d i a C o r p N a u g a t u c k C h e m i c a l D i v . , U .

R u b b e r Co N i c h o l s o n & C o . , W . H

1801 1715

1795 1S03 1817

1807 1799 1706

1738 1753

1798 1743

1727 1804

1828

1812 1809 1751 1741

1711

17:37 1786

O h i o C h e m i c a l & S u r g i c a l E q u i p ­m e n t C o

O r o n i t e C h e m i c a l C o 1786 1745

P e n n s y l v a n i a I n d u s t r i a l C o r p

C h e m i c a l

P i t t s b u r g h C o k e & C h e m i c a l C o . . P l ax C o r p

1789 1754

R o h m & H a a s Co 1 7 3 2 : 1733

Scient i f ic D e s i g n C o . I n c S i g m a m o t o r , I n c S tokes M a c h i n e C o . , F. J S w e n s o n E v a p o r a t o r Co

1800 1798 1747 1779

T e n n e s s e e E a s t m a n Co . , D i v . E a s t ­m a n K o d a k Co

Texas Gxilf S u l p h u r Co T i t a n i u m P i g m e n t C o r p

U n i o n C a r b i d e & C a r b o n C o r p . , C a r ­b i d e & C a r b o n C h e m i c a l s D i v . . . 4 t h

V i rg in i a S m e l t i n g C o W h i t i n g C o r p W i n t h r o p - S t e a r n s . I n c

1725 1793 1783

Cover

1811 1779 1788

DIRECTORIES Chemicals Exchange 1818—1819

A r a p a h o e C h e m i c a l s , I n c . Bios L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c . B e r s w o r t h C h e m i c a l C o . C o l e m a n & Bell C o . I n c . C o n c o r d L a b o r a t o r i e s D a j a c L a b o r a t o r i e s D e l t a C h e m i c a l W o r k s F i n e O r g a n i c s , I n c . G e n e r a l B i o c h e m i c a l s , I n c . K i n g C o l e C h e m i c a l s , I n c . K r i s h e l l L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c . M a n n R e s e a r c h L a i o r a t o r i e s P i e r c e C h e m i c a l Co. S e a p l a n t C h e m i c a l C o n 3 ·

Equipment Mar* 1819-1820 A c e G l a s s , I n c . B rookf i e ld E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r i e s , Inc. C a r g i l l e , R. P . C o l e m a n & Bell C o . I n c . J a r r e l l - A s h C o . L a b o r a t o r y C o n s t r u c t i o n C o . M a c h l e t t & Son. E . M e t a l s m i t h s D i v . , O r a n g e R o l l e r B e a r i n g

C o . Inc . M i l l e r , I n c . , Rav-P e n f i e l d M f g . C o . Inc . S e t h c o Co . T a y l o r & C o . , W . A. U e h l i n g I n s t r u m e n t C o . U . S. S t o n e w a r e C o . W e l h v o r t h T r a d i n g C o .

Technical Services 1821 A t l a n t i c R e s e a r c h C o r p . B j o r k s t e n R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s E v a n s R e s e a r c h & D e v e l o p m e n t C o r p . F o o d R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c . L a W a l l & H a r r i s s o n L e h e r c o L a b o r a t o r i e s S a d t l e r & S o n , I n c . , S a m u e l P . S n e l l , Inc . , F o s t e r D. W i s c o n s i n A l u m n i R e s e a r c h F o u n d a t i o n

R E I N H O L D P U B L I S H I N G C O R P O R A T I O N Advertising Management for the American Chemical Society Publications

3 3 0 W . 4 2 n d Street, N e w Y o r k 3 6 , Ν . Υ. A D V E R T I S I N G SALES R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S

Merald Lue, Advertising Sales Manager N e w Y o r k 3 6 — B R y a n t 9 - ^ 4 3 0 ; E a s t e r n A d v e r t i s i n g S a l e s M a n a g e r , H o w a r d V . D r u m m ; Dis­

t r i c t M a n a g e r s — J a m e s S. M u l h o I I a n d , J a m e s L. C o n k l i n C l e v e l a n d 1 3 — 6 3 0 T e r m i n a l T o w e r , P R o s p e c t 1 - 5 5 8 3 ; S t e p h e n S. S t e i n e r , D i s t r i c t M a n a g e r C h i c a g o 2 — 1 1 1 ' W e s t W a s h i n g t o n S t r e e t , R A n d o l p h 6-8«497; W e s t e r n A d v e r t i s i n g Sa le s M a n ­

a g e r , G . E. C o c h r a n ; D i s t r i c t M a n a g e r — G . S. M u l l i n S a n F r a n c i s c o 5 — M c D o n a l d - T h o m p s o n , 6 2 5 M a r k e t S t r e e t , Y U k o n 6 - 0 6 4 7 ; R o y M . M c D o n a l d L o s A n g e l e s 5 — M c D o n a l d - T h o m p s o n , 3 7 2 7 W e s t S ix th S t r e e t , D u n k i r k 7-5 3 9 1 ; Ε . Τ . T h o m p s o n S e a t t l e 1 — M c D o n a l d - T h o m p s o n , T e r m i n a l Sa les B l d g . , M a i n 3 8 6 0 ; H a r r y A b n e y D a l l a s 1 1 — M c D o n a l d - T h o m p s o n , 1 1 1 8 O d e a n s D r i v e , W i n f i e l d 4 9 1 1 ; R i c h a r d C. W i p p e r m a n

V O L U M E 3 0, N O . 1 7 » A P R I L 2 8, 1 9 5 2 1827