Nanotechnology
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Transcript of Nanotechnology
Microelectronics Biotechnology New FunctionalMaterials
Solid State Physics BiologicalScience
Nanoscience andNanotechnology
1950 1975 2000 2025
IMPACT
TECHNOLOGY WAVES
A nanometre is one millionth of a millimetre
80,000 nanoparticles in a row
Football (22cm) Flea(1mm)
Hair(80μm)
Red blood cell(7μm)
Virus(150nm)
Buckyball(0.8nm)
60nm 40nm 1nm20nm80nm100nm
1m 10-1m 10-2m 10-3m 10-4m 10-5m 10-6m 10-7m 10-8m 10-9m 10-10m
1mm1m 1μm 1nm100nm
DNAstrand(2nm)
Sunscreen TiO2
(35nm)
APPRECIATING SIZE
Cassein nanoparticles
USS John C Stennis & HMS Illustrious
1 m
CubeSize
No. of cubes in1 cubic metre
1
Total surfacearea
6 m2
1 nm 1027 6,000,000,000 m2 = 6,000 km2
1 cm 1,000,000 600 m2
1 mm 1,000,000,000 6,000 m2
710 km2
1 cm3
1 nm3
PROPORTION OF SURFACE ATOMS
1 in 107
80% on surface
PROPERTIES OF NANOPARTICLES
Conditions: 25oC, pH7, in water
1 nm3
Time to dissolve:SAND
1 mm3 34 million years
1.1 seconds
Billions US$3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
PESIMISTIC
OPTIMISTIC
Sources: German Government, Evolution Capital, National Science Foundation, Sal. Oppenheim, DG Bank, DTI, USBusiness Alliance, Cientifica, In Realis, MitsubishiResearch Institute, Deutsche Bank, Nomura Research Institute, BCC,GEMZ Corp, Helmut Kaiser Consultancy, Lux Research.
52%
24%
24%
$5.8 billionby 2012
2006
NANOTECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN
CUSTOMERSystemNano-enabledproduct
Nano-intermediate
e.g.nanocomposite
Nanomaterialcomponent
e.g.nanoparticles
738
209
124105
8259 44 30
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS USING NANOTECHNOLOGY
NU
MB
ERO
FP
RO
DU
CTS
Nanotechnology types
DIMENSIONS EXAMPLES BENEFITS
Thin films
Barrier properties
Lighter weight
Reinforcement
Durable surfaces
Clays
Surface coatings
Graphene
Nanoparticles
SiO2
TiO2
ZnOCeO2
fullerenesetc.
ReinforcementScratch resistance
AntimicrobialUV resistance
Flame retardancy
Carbon nanotubes
Nanofibres
Mechanical reinforcement
Weight saving
Nano tubes
NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN THE
FOOD SECTOR
LIGHTER WEIGHTPACKAGING
NOVEL BARRIERMATERIALS
TEXTURE, TASTE &HEALTH IMPROVEMENT
TRACK & TRACE AND FOODSPOILAGE DETECTION
ANTI-MICROBIALS
FUNCTIONALCOATINGS
LIGHTER WEIGHTPACKAGING
1 micron
TEM of refined Montmorillonite
1 nanometre thick
DIMENSIONS OF A CLAY PLATLET
THE PROCESSING CHALLENGE
8µ particle size > 1 million platelets
+ + + + ++
+
+ + + + ++
+
Dry clay mineral
+ + + + ++
+
+ + + + ++
+
Expansion due toabsorption of water
Clay Exfoliated Clay Exfoliated Nanocomposite
Good dispersionis crucial
CHEVY AVALANCHE
FORD THUNDERBIRD
HUMMER
CHEVROLET IMPALA
TANGIBLE BENEFITS OF NANOCOMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC POLYOLEFINS
Mass savings up to 25%
Improved appearance
Large processing window
Reduced paint delamination
Retains low temperature ductility
Improved recyclability
Lower flammability
38%
22%
7%
6%2%
25%
Packaging
Construction
Transport
Electrical
Medical
All others
Source: European Plastics Converters
For every £50 spent onfood, £8 goes towards the
packaging costs.
Adds £470 to the averageannual bill
NOVEL BARRIERMATERIALS
1nm
1μm
e.g. oxygen
clay platelets
increased shelf-life
Top 3: beer
meat
soft drinks
30%
27%
11%
9%
4%
4%
4% 10%
1%Fresh Meat
Processed Meat
Dairy
Fruit & Veg
Bakery & Snack Foods
Convenience
Other Foods
Medical
Non-Foods
Source: Flexible & Plastic Packaging Innovation; vol.2, issue 2 (2008)
Total Market: 1.05 – 1.20 million tons
Total market for all barrier films (inc. Al foil) = 60 billion m2
GLOBAL MARKET FOR TRANSPARENT FLEXIBLE BARRIER PACKAGING
A hybrid plastic, comprising polyamide (PA) and layered silicate barriers
DURETHAN POLYAMIDE FILM FROM BAYER
MITSUBISHI AND NANOCOR PLASTIC BEER BOTTLES DEVELOPMENT
85
90
95
100
105
0 5 10 15 20 25
Storage time (weeks)
%C
arb
on
dio
xid
ere
ten
tio
n
PET
M9/PETNano-clay barrier
30
CA
PLA
PET
OPP
StarchPE & PP
Oxygen Transmission Rate (cm3/m2/24hr @ 23oC & 50%RH)
Mo
istu
reV
apo
ur
Tran
smis
sio
nR
ate
(g/m
2/2
4h
r@
38
oC
&9
0%
RH
)
0.1 1.0 10 100 10001.0
10
100
1000
IMPROVING BARRIER PROPERTIES WITH NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
10 10 20 30 40
Filler concentration (weight %)
Modulus(GPa)
Nanoclay
Nanotubes
Milled glass
Talc
MODULUS vs FILLER TYPE AND CONCENTRATION
T D Formes & D R Paul, Polymer, Vol. 44, 2003, p 4993-5013
Smaller fillers are expected toachieve the required stiffness at
lower filler concentration
CARBON NANOTUBES
50-100 x STRONGER THAN STEEL 1/6th THE WEIGHT
300
200
100
0
DryWeight,
klb
Carbon fibrereinforced polymer
-60%
Nanotubes inpolymer matrix
-68%
Nanotubes inaluminium matrix
WEIGHT REDUCTION WITH CARBON NANOTUBES
BAYER CARBON NANOTUBES IN VELOZZI SOLO CAR
The SOLO crossover alternative energy vehicle from California-based Velozzi has carbonnanotubes for body panels, and achieves 100 miles per gallon.
82% weight reduction compared to a brass pin.
One fifth the cost of the brass pin, and the finished 3-pin plug is 40% cheaper.
NEW CNT–BASED FUEL PUMP FOR THE AUDI A4 AND A5
Emshield – nanotube-based sheetmaterial for protection against
electrostatic discharge
10-12 kg of CARBON NANOTUBES in one slice of TOAST
AndreGeim
KonstantinNovoselov
Rough and wrinkled surface texture
Surface area greater
Effective crack deflection
Highest thermal conductivity known today, five times that of copper
Electrical conductivity similar to copper
Low density - four times lower than copper
Many times stronger than steel
Surface area twice that of carbon nanotubes
Ultra-high Young’s modulus
High intrinsic strength
Outstanding resistance to gas permeation
FresherLonger containers are infused with silver nanoparticles
(24 hour growth of bacteria was reduced by over 98% inside FresherLongercontainers, compared with conventional ones)
FresherLonger™
Miracle Food Storage
SHARPER IMAGE® (USA)
STORAGE AFTER 15 DAYS
FresherLonger™
Non-silver container
NANO-SILVER FOOD PACKAGING FILM
5 Days
PP film without nano-silver
5 Days
PP film with nano-silver
Sukoyaka baby milk
(nano-silver food storage containers)
(nano-silver rubber gloves)
(nano-silver bristles for baby bottle brushes)
NANO CARE TECHNOLOGY
HONG KONG
Nano-silver based coatings forcutlery and handles
Koichi WakataJapanese astronaut
Boeing 787
Special air filters to maintain higher air quality
Silver nanofilters kill 99.7% of influenza viruses
FUNCTIONAL COATINGS& COMPOSITES
DURABLE
• Anti-corrosion• Anti-scratch• Increased strength• Anti-UV• Heat repulsion/transfer• Self healing
AESTHETIC
• Colour effects• Anti-fingerprint
MISCELLANEOUS
• Anti-reflective• Anti-static• Insulating• Super hydrophobic• Barrier provision
CLEANER
• Anti-microbial• Anti-pollution• Self cleaning
NANOPARTICLES
in
SUN-SCREENS
scatter harmful UV light
but not visible light
Sales: €19.5 billion
Countries: 130
International Brands: 23
Operating Profit: €3.1 billion
Research & Innovation: €665 million
Employees: 66,600
Research Employees: 3,420
Patents: 612
Stenocara beetle, Namib Desert
Glass cleaner with Nano-Protect®
from Henkel KGaA
Nano-based lacquers are now on the market.
Firth of Forth Railway Bridge
GreenPan™ Thermalon
Ceramic Nano-coating
NANO-COATEDBOWLING BALLS
Jubilee Church, Rome
(Dio Padre Misericordioso)
Yokohama Landmark Tower
Decomposes allergens, odours, germs, gases, fumes and more
(Nano TiO2 as oxidant)
THE NANOBREEZE ROOM AIR PURIFIER
NanoBreeze Room Air Purifier
TRACK & TRACE ANDTRACK & TRACE ANDFOOD SPOILAGE
DETECTION
Total market for
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
$5.5 billionin 2004
$12 billionin 2010
Sensors alert retailer and consumerSensors alert retailer and consumer
AgroMicron Nano Bioluminescence Detection SprayAgroMicron Nano Bioluminescence Detection Spray
Green fluorescent protein conjugated to pathogen-specific antibodies
When applied to a food or beverage, it reacts with the pathogen and producesa visual glow
Glow intensity correlates to number of bacteria detected
Low cost and portable
Feasible for a broad range of pathogens
Colour Without Dyes
ROMAN, 400 AD
40 ppm Gold + 300 ppm Silver
70 nm nanoparticles
TEXTURE, TASTE& HEALTH
IMPROVEMENT
EMULSIONS
PARTICLES
CAPSULES
CARRIERS
DELIVERY SYSTEMSAT THE
NANO SCALE
Water droplets in oil(5,000 nm)
Margarine
EMULSIONS
likes to be in oil
likes to be in water
emulsifier
water
oil
EMULSIONS
emulsifier
water
water
oil
EMULSIONS
Saturday 31st January 2009
CAPSULES
The Miller – from an engraving of the sixteenth century by J Amman
Nano Micro
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Macro
Amount
Size
ShenZhen jingyeNano-Tech Company Ltd
Nano Tea
Korea
Flavourings with RBC NanoCluster delivery systems
Combination of 8 powerful anti-oxidants
Products have been created that:
• Scavenge more free radicals
• Increase hydration
• Reduce the surface tension of foods and supplements to increasewetness and absorption of nutrients
NANOTECHNOLOGY – THE SCIENCE OF BETTER SUPPLEMENTS
Royal Body Care
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2013
Supplements
Foods
Beverages
$117.3 billion
$ billion
CAGR 6.9%
CAGR 10.8%
GROWTH IN NUTRACEUTICALS
$176.6 billionBCC Research
MISCELLANEOUSAPPLICATIONS
NANOPARTICLES IN INKJET PRINTING
Nanotechnology
HypeScienceFiction
Lack ofAwareness
Prof. Gunter Oberdörster argued that most studiesare of limited value to a risk assessment as they have
been performed at unrealistic exposure doses.
http://www.nanotech.com.hk/en/first.html
TATA NANO
TATA NANO
HEX BUG Nano
Daily Telegraph December 2007
Nanomaterials intentionally produced to have specific properties or specificcomposition, a size range typically between 1 nm and 100 nm and materialwhich is either a nano-object (i.e. that is confined in one, two, or threedimensions at the nanoscale) or is nanostructured (i.e. having an internal orsurface structure at the nanoscale).
Forest
50,000 per cm3
Urban street
100,000 per cm3
Normal room
15,000 per cm3
LIVING WITH NANOPARTICLES
10-12
pico10-9
nano
10-15
femto
10-18
atto
10-21
zepto
10-24
yocto
10-6
micro
10-3
milli
103
kilo
106
Mega
109
Giga
1012
Tera1015
Peta
1018
Exa
1021
Zetta
1024
Yotta
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