Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS...

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Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs are divided into two main categories: A) verbs ending in ω B) verbs ending in μαι A) ω verbs are further divided into 3 subcategories (call them ‘omega 3’ and think of them as being very ‘healthy’ for one to learn!): 1) verbs ending in consonant + ω : e.g. θέλω, ξέρω, καταλαβαίνω, καθαρίζω 2) verbs ending in vowel + ω , most of them ending in ά + ω : e.g. μιλάω, γελάω, τραγουδάω, φοράω, πονάω (κλαίω, φταίω, λέω, ακούω, εμπνέω) 3) verbs having the stress on the last syllable ώ e.g. ζω, μπορώ, οδηγώ, ταλαιπωρώ, απορώ, αδιαφορώ, τιμωρώ, ανησυχώ Verb endings indicate the person responsible for the action of the verb and as a result the speaker/writer of M. Greek does not have to provide the name of the person responsible for the action or even a personal pronoun in his or her place. Verb endings are standardized and have the following form: verbs ending in consonant + ω verbs ending in vowel + ω verbs having the stress on the last syllable ώ θέλω θέλεις θέλει θέλουμε θέλετε θέλουν -ω -εις -ει -ουμε -ετε -ουν (ε) πονάω πονάς πονάει πονάμε πονάτε πονάν -άω -άς -άει -άμε -άτε -άν (ε) μπορώ μπορείς μπορεί μπορούμε μπορείτε μπορούν -ώ -είς -εί -ούμε -είτε -ούν (ε)

Transcript of Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS...

Page 1: Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs

Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis

MODERN GREEK VERBS

(without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs are divided into two main categories:

A) verbs ending in – ω B) verbs ending in –μαι

A) – ω verbs are further divided into 3 subcategories (call them ‘omega 3’ and think of them as being very

‘healthy’ for one to learn!):

1) verbs ending in consonant + ω : e.g. θέλω, ξέρω, καταλαβαίνω, καθαρίζω

2) verbs ending in vowel + ω, most of them ending in ά + ω: e.g. μιλάω, γελάω, τραγουδάω, φοράω, πονάω (κλαίω, φταίω, λέω, ακούω, εμπνέω)

3) verbs having the stress on the last syllable – ώ e.g. ζω, μπορώ, οδηγώ, ταλαιπωρώ, απορώ, αδιαφορώ, τιμωρώ, ανησυχώ

Verb endings indicate the person responsible for the action of the verb and as a result the speaker/writer of M. Greek does not have to provide the name of the person responsible for the action or even a personal pronoun in his or her place. Verb endings are standardized and have the following form:

verbs ending in consonant + ω

verbs ending in vowel + ω

verbs having the stress on the last syllable – ώ

θέλω

θέλεις

θέλει

θέλουμε

θέλετε

θέλουν

-εις

-ει

-ουμε

-ετε

-ουν (ε)

πονάω

πονάς

πονάει

πονάμε

πονάτε

πονάν

-άω

-άς

-άει

-άμε

-άτε

-άν (ε)

μπορώ

μπορείς

μπορεί

μπορούμε

μπορείτε

μπορούν

-είς

-εί

-ούμε

-είτε

-ούν (ε)

Page 2: Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs

Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis

B) verbs ending in –μαι could be classified as verbs describing:

1. EMOTIONS

Χαίρομαι: to be glad

Λυπάμαι: to be sorry

Φοβάμαι: to be afraid

Αισθάνομαι: to feel

Ντρέπομαι: to feel shame, to be embarrassed

Ζαλίζομαι: to feel dizzy

2. BRAIN ACTIVITY

Θυμάμαι: to remember

Φαντάζομαι: to imagine

Ονειρεύομαι: to dream

Σκέφτομαι: to think

Αφαιρούμαι: to get lost in daydreaming, to get distracted

3. STATIVE VERBS (indicating the state the body is in)

στέκομαι: to stand

κάθομαι: to sit

σηκώνομαι: to stand up

έρχομαι: to come

βρίσκομαι: to be

κουράζομαι: to get tired

ξεκουράζομαι: to relax

4. REFLEXIVE VERBS

(things I do to myself)

πλένω τα πιάτα / πλένομαι: to wash myself

καθαρίζω το σπίτι / καθαρίζομαι: to clean myself

γράφω ένα βιβλίο / γράφομαι στο κολλέγιο: to register myself

ντύνω τα παιδιά / ντύνομαι: to dress myself

γυμνάζω αθλητές / γυμνάζομαι: to train myself, to work out

ασχολούμαι: to keep myself busy

εργάζομαι: to employ myself, to work

διορθώνομαι: to correct myself

ενδιαφέρομαι: I find myself interested in

Page 3: Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs

Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis

B) –μαι verbs are divided into 4 subcategories:

1) verbs ending in -ομαι : χαίρομαι, έρχομαι, βρίσκομαι

2) verbs ending in -άμαι : λυπάμαι, θυμάμαι, κοιμάμαι

3) verbs ending in -ιέμαι : κρατιέμαι, γελιέμαι, γαργαλιέμαι

4) verbs ending in -ούμαι : ασχολούμαι, αιτούμαι, θεωρούμαι

Verb endings indicate the person responsible for the action of the verb and as a result the speaker/writer of M. Greek does not have to provide the name of the person responsible for the action or even a personal pronoun in his or her place. Verb endings are standardized and have the following form:

verbs ending in -ομαι

verbs ending in -άμαι

χαίρομαι

χαίρεσαι

χαίρεται

χαιρόμαστε

χαιρόσαστε/χαίρεστε

χαίρονται

-ομαι

-εσαι

-εται

-όμαστε

-όσαστε/-εστε

-ονται

κοιμάμαι

κοιμάσαι

κοιμάται

κοιμόμαστε

κοιμόσαστε/κοιμάστε

κοιμούνται

-άμαι

-άσαι

-άται

-όμαστε

-όσαστε/-άστε

-ούνται

verbs ending in -ιέμαι

verbs ending in –ούμαι

βαριέμαι

βαριέσαι

βαριέται

βαριόμαστε

βαριόσαστε/βαριέστε

βαριούνται

-ιέμαι

-ιέσαι

-ιέται

-ιόμαστε

-ιόσαστε/-ιέστε

-ιούνται

θεωρούμαι

θεωρείσαι

θεωρείται

θεωρούμαστε

θεωρείστε

θεωρούνται

-ούμαι

-είσαι

-είται

-ούμαστε

-είστε

-ούνται

Page 4: Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs

Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis

General note on verbs

A number of Tenses are formed after the stem (root) of the verb in the Present Tense. These Tenses are called here ‘Continuous’ (others call them ‘Imperfective’) and characteristically leave the action of the verb open in time, incomplete, repeated constantly or simply going on forever and ever. Such Tenses are the Future Cont., Subjunctive Cont., Continuous Negative Command and Past Continuous (also called Past Progressive or Imperfect by some grammar books).

Another number of Tenses are formed after the stem (root) of the verb in the Past Tense. They are called ‘Simple’ or ‘Perfective’ Tenses and describe the action of the verb as one to be completed once or during a specific (restricted, limited) time. Such Tenses are the Future Simple, Subjunctive Simple, Simple Command and Simple Negative Command. The form of the Present Perfect Tense is also based on the stem of the Past Tense and indicates an action that has been completed in the past but its effects are still visible or hold true in the Present.

Α. –ω verbs Α1. Regular verbs

μαθαίνω μαθαίνω Present Έμαθα έμαθα Simple Past

μαθαιν - θα μαθαίνω Fut. Cont. μαθ- θα μάθω Fut. Simple

να μαθαίνω Subj. Cont. να μάθω Subj. Simpl.

μην μαθαίνεις Neg. Comm. μην μάθεις Neg. Comm.

μάθαινα Past Cont./Progr.

Imperfect

έχω μάθει Pres. Perfect

είχα μάθει Past Perfect

Μάθαινε, μαθαίνετε

Command Μάθε, μάθετε

Simp. Comm.

Page 5: Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs

Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis

A2. Irregular verbs

Βλέπω βλέπω Present είδα είδα Simple Past

βλεπ - θα βλέπω Fut. Cont. δ- θα δω Fut. Simple

να βλέπω Subj. Cont. να δω Subj. Simpl.

μην βλέπεις Neg. Comm. μην δεις Neg. Comm.

έ-βλεπ-α Past Cont./Progr.

Imperfect

έχω δει Pres. Perfect

είχα δει Past Perfect

βλέπε, βλέπετε Command Δες, δέστε Simp. Comm.

B. –μαι verbs

Ντύνομαι ντύνομαι Present Ντύθηκα ντύθηκα Simple Past

ντυν- θα ντύνομαι Fut. Cont. ντυθ- θα ντυθώ Fut. Simple

να ντύνομαι Subj. Cont. να ντυθώ Subj. Simpl.

μην ντύνεσαι Neg. Comm. μην ντυθείς Neg. Comm.

ντυν-όμουν Past Cont.

Imperfect

έχω ντυθεί Pres. Perfect

είχα ντυθεί Past Perfect

Page 6: Modern Greek VERBS - · PDF fileQueens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs

Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis

κοιμάμαι κοιμάμαι Present κοιμήθηκα κοιμήθηκα Simple Past

κοιμ- θα κοιμάμαι Fut. Cont. κοιμηθ- θα κοιμηθώ Fut. Simple

να κοιμάμαι Subj. Cont. να κοιμηθώ Subj. Simpl.

μην κοιμάσαι Neg. Comm. μην κοιμηθείς Neg. Comm.

κοιμ-όμουν Past Cont./

Imperfect

έχω κοιμηθεί Pres. Perfect

είχα κοιμηθεί Past Perfect

βαριέμαι βαριέμαι Present βαρέθηκα βαρέθηκα Simple Past

βαρ- θα βαριέμαι Fut. Cont. βαρεθ- θα βαρεθώ Fut. Simple

να βαριέμαι Subj. Cont. να βαρεθώ Subj. Simpl.

μην βαριέσαι Neg. Comm. μην βαρεθείς Neg. Comm.

βαρ-ιόμουν Past Cont./Progr.

Imperfect

έχω βαρεθεί Pres. Perfect

είχα βαρεθεί Past Perfect

ασχολούμαι ασχολούμαι Present ασχολήθηκα ασχολήθηκα Simple Past

ασχολ- θα ασχολούμαι Fut. Cont. ασχοληθ- θα ασχοληθώ Fut. Simple

να ασχολούμαι Subj. Cont. να ασχοληθώ Subj. Simpl.

μην ασχολείσαι Neg. Comm. μην ασχοληθείς

Neg. Comm.

ασχολ-ιόμουν Past Cont

Imperfect

έχω ασχοληθεί

Pres. Perf.

είχα ασχοληθεί

Past Perfect