Measures of Source Intensity 1. Radiant Flux, Φ Rate of transfer of energy Φ = δQ/δt (W)
-
Upload
barry-booth -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Measures of Source Intensity 1. Radiant Flux, Φ Rate of transfer of energy Φ = δQ/δt (W)
Measures of Source Intensity
1. Radiant Flux, Φ
Rate of transfer of energy
Φ = δQ/δt (W)
Measures of Source Intensity
2. Radiant Intensity, I
Radiant flux per unit solid angle from a point source
I = δΦ/δΩ (W/sr)
Measures of Source Intensity
3. Radiance, B
Radiant flux per unit solid angle per unit projected area
B = δ2Φ/(δΩ δA) (W sr-1 cm-1)
Measures of Source Intensity
4. Irradiance, E
Radiant flux per unit projected area
E = δΦ/δA (W cm-1)
Measures of Source Intensity
5. Spectral Radiance, Bλ
Radiance per unit wavelength interval
Bλ = B/δλ (W sr-1 cm-1 nm-1)
Optical Components of Imaging Systems
1. Windows
2. Lenses
3. Mirrors
4. Turning Prisms
5. Beam Splitters
6. Fiber Optics
Transmittance of Window Materials
Transmittance of Window Materials
Reflectance of Mirror Materials
Interaction of Light with an Interface
Interaction of Light with an Interface
Law of Specular Reflection
Θ1 = Θ3
Snell’s Law of Refraction
n1sin Θ1 = n2sin Θ2
Reflection Losses at an Interface(unpolarized light)
Reflection Losses at an Interface
a = unpolarizedb = perpendicularly polarizedc = parallel polarized
(Note Brewster’s Angle)
Reflection at an Interface(Total Internal Reflection)
Propagating from high to low n
Total Internal Reflection
n1sin Θ1 = n2sin Θ2
n1 > n2
Θ2 = 90
sin Θ1 = n2/ n1
Lens Maker’s Formula
R2 < 0
1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 – 1/R2)
For a Biconvex Lens, R1 = -R2
Lens Formula
1/S1 + 1/S2 = 1/f
S1 = object distanceS2 = image distance
f = focal length
1/S1 + 1/S2 = 1/f
Relative Aperture of an Optical Component
D/S1
where:
D = limiting diameter
S1 = distance from source
F-number (F/n)
F/n = S1/D
The solid angle of light collected byan optical component is given by:
Ω = (π/4) (F/n)-2
Ω = (π/4) (F/n)-2
Beam Splitters
Optical Fibers
Optical Fibers
Turning Prisms
Sample Cells