1.Lattice Energy LLC Commercializing a Next-Generation Source of Safe Nuclear EnergyLow Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs)UFO dust macroparticles in Large Hadron Collider Could nm- to m-scale LENR events be causing some of them? Analysis with a Cameca NanoSIMS 50L would be ideal to detect possible transmutation products Lewis G. LarsenPresident and CEOMarch 13, 2012 If you havent found something strange during the day, it hasnt been much of a day. John Wheeler Quoted in Charles Birch, Biology and the Riddle of Life (1999)Prof. Wheeler first coined the term black hole in 1968 Electron Cloud Simulation Contact: 1-312- 861-0115 Proton Beam with Electron CloudCredit: A. Adelman (PSI) lewisglarsen@gmail.com Credit: A. Adelman (PSI) http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen March 13, 2012Copyright 2012 Lattice Energy LLCAll Rights Reserved 1

2. Lattice Energy LLC Isotopic analysis of UFOs and exposed surfaces in the LHCThis is one part of a two-part Addendum to an earlier Lattice Energy LLC document dated December7, 2011, as follows: Are Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs) producing troublesome Unidentified Falling Objects (UFOs - micron-scale dust particles) observed in Large Hadron Collider (LHC)? Should somebody look? http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-llccould-lenrs-be-producing-ufos-in-large-hadron-colliderdec-7-2011 In this two-part Addendum dated March 13, 2012, Lattice provides more details about its previous speculation that LENRs could potentially be occurring at scattered locations in the LHC and maybe producing some of the observed UFO macroparticles; its preparation was prompted by interesting new presentation about UFOs in the LHC by Tobias Baer dated December 13, 2011, as follows:UFOs in the LHCTobias Baer (CERN) MS-PowerPoint presentation - 32 slidesEvian Workshop 2011 - December 13, 2011http://indico.cern.ch/getFile.py/access?contribId=27&sessionId=5&resId=3&materialId=slides&confId=155520 This PowerPoint focuses mainly on why a Cameca NanoSIMS 50 would likely be an ideal instrument to look for LENR transmutation products inside the LHC; the companion Addendum document also dated March 13, 2012, is a textually-oriented Lattice technical report also available on SlideShare. Please note that selected slides from another Lattice document have been inserted into this PowerPoint for clarification of certain points and to make this presentation somewhat more self-contained; see:Nickel-seed LENR NetworksLewis Larsen - April 20, 2011 [61 slides]http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-llcnickelseed-lenr-networksapril-20-2011 Electron Cloud Simulation - Credit: A. Adelman (PSI)March 13, 2012 Copyright 2012 Lattice Energy LLC All Rights Reserved 2 3. UFO Model Adapted from T. Baer (Dec.13, 2011)Detaching stimulated byAl2O3 UFO fragmentCu metal strips forvibration, electrical fieldof vacuum chamber.image currents.during MKI pulse and/orSize: 1 - 100 m.electrical beam potential,and perhaps also LENRs. ceramic tube Potentially charged by electron cloud.e-Small yellow spheres are Q-M e- e- entangled, collectively oscillating19 mmprotons aggregated into many-body,Interaction with beamsurface patches; they are coupled toleads to positive charging SP electrons (shown in solid green) via local breakdown of Born-Oppenheimerof UFO. Particle could berepelled by beam. BeamCross-section view of junction between ceramic tube and metal strips:Note: ~dimensions of many- body proton patches on strips could range from 2-3 nm up to Here: beam losses can ceramic tubeas much as 200-300 m; many- occur from inelasticbody proton patches could also decorate surfaces of isolated nuclear interaction w. UFO. metallic nanoparticles foundmetal stripanywhere on exposed surfaces In above graphic, surface plasmon (SP) electrons (shown in green) willYellow starburst denotes localized MEV-energy LENR event: QUESTION - has CERN seenbe found all over the surface of the metal and at the interface between any evidence in the LHC for erosion (ablation) or pitting over time at locations situated along thethe conductive metal strips (e.g., Cu) and dielectric ceramic tube (Al2O3) geometric intersection between metal strips and adjacent sections of ceramic tube?Extracted from T. Baers Dec. 13, 2011 slide presentation and then adapted by Lewis Larsen - Lattice Energy LLC - March 13, 2012 4. Lattice Energy LLC Isotopic analysis of UFOs and exposed surfaces in the LHCComments regarding graph extracted from Slide#12 shown in T. Baer (Dec.13, 2011) Shows an EDX elemental surface analysis of a collected UFO macroparticleThe unique isotopic spatial resolution capabilities of a NanoSIMScpsmachine are needed in this particular situation because, being Alextremely energetic as a result of supporting local nuclear reactions,60an LENR-active site with dimensions on the order of say ~1,000 nm (1m) or less occurring in close proximity to some alumina substratecould probably generate enough oomph to locally damage the Al2O3matrix and blow-out a much larger, multi-micron-sized chunk of local40 No evidence forAl2O3 which then becomes a UFO macroparticle. Such a UFO producedLENR transmutationby a LENR-active surface site might or might not show direct evidenceproducts in this datain the form of observable LENR transmutation products, and if theyreally were produced thereon, they might only be physically present 20on a small percentage of a given UFOs exterior surface. OAuThis is exactly why something like a NanoSIMS machine is ideal toC Auproperly study LHCs UFO macroparticles; same is true for any exposed 0 02468 10interior surfaces inside the LHC whereupon one suspects that LENRs Energy(keV)may have occurred in widely scattered, seemingly random locations.. Electron Cloud Simulation - Credit: A. Adelman (PSI)The above extracted graph shows an EDX elemental scan of the surface of a selected UFO macroparticle; Oxygen (O) andAluminum (Al) peaks shown therein are most likely derived from tubes Al2O3 alumina ceramic found in beam tubes. However,where is the Carbon (C) peak coming from? Is it derived from some prosaic organic molecular contaminant present inside theLHC (e.g., stopcock grease)? Lastly, where is the small Gold (Au) peak coming from? The obvious Au source would be goldplating present on the fingers of MKIs; that said, Aus presence on the surface of a UFO macroparticle may imply that at leastsome sort of an ablation process is occurring somewhere on MKI fingers surfaces. If so, what exactly might be happeningthereon? There is no apparent evidence for the presence of potential LENR transmutation products in this set of analytical data.March 13, 2012 Copyright 2012 Lattice Energy LLC All Rights Reserved 4 5. Lattice Energy LLC Isotopic analysis of UFOs and exposed surfaces in the LHCCameca NanoSIMS 50MADONNA (MAinz Dust Observatory for the Detection of Nanoscale Nuclear Anomalies)As installed at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Spring 2001 http://www.imago.com/instruments-for-research/nanosims.aspx http://www.imago.com/applications/materials/ns-trace-element-yag.aspxElectron Cloud Simulation - Credit: A. Adelman (PSI)March 13, 2012 Copyright 2012 Lattice Energy LLCAll Rights Reserved 5 6. W-L mechanism in condensed matter LENR systems Weak interaction processes are very important in LENRs No strong interaction fusion or heavy element fission 1.E-M radiation on metallic hydride surface increases occurring below; weak interaction e + p or e + d mass of surface plasmon electrons (High E-M field)+ Mass-renormalized (radiation ) e e 1.~surface plasmon polariton electron 2.Heavy-mass surface plasmon polariton electrons react directly with surface protons (p+) or deuterons (d+) to 2.++ produce ultra low momentum (ULM) neutrons (nulm or 2nulm, respectively) and an electron neutrino (e)e p n ~ e ulm 3.Ultra low momentum neutrons (nulm) are captured by + + 2.e d 2n nearby atomic nuclei (Z, A) representing some element with charge (Z) and atomic mass (A). ULM~ eulm neutron absorption produces a heavier-mass isotope (Z, A+1) via transmutation. This new isotope (Z, A+1)+3. may itself be a stable or unstable, which will perforce n ( Z , A) ( Z , A 1)ulm Unstable or stable new isotope eventually decay4. ++ ( Z , A 1) ( Z 1, A 1) e e 4.Many unstable isotopes - decay, producing: transmuted element with increased charge (Z+1), ~Unstable Isotope same mass (A+1) as parent nucleus; - particle (e- ); Weak interaction - decays (shown above), direct and an antineutrino gamma conversion to infrared (not shown), and decays (not shown) produce most of the excessNote: colored shapes associated with diagram on next Slide heat calorimetrically observed in LENR systemsApril 20, 2011 Copyright 2011, Lattice Energy LLCAll Rights Reserved8 7. Conceptual details: W-L mechanism in metallic hydrides Side view not to scale charge balances in diagram only approximate A proton has just reacted with a SPP electron, Collectively oscillating patch of many creating a ghostly ULM neutron via e* + p weakSurface of metallic protons or deuterons with nearby interaction; QM wavelength same size as patch hydride substrateheavy mass-renormalized SPP electrons bathed in high local E-field Local region of very high (>1011 V/m) electric fields above micron-scale, many-bodyQM wave function of ultra low patches of protons or deuterons where Born- momentum (ULM) neutronOppenheimer Approximation breaks down Heavily hydrogen-loaded metallic hydride atomic lattice Conduction electrons in substrate lattice not shown Region of short-range, high = Proton, deuteron, or triton = Surface target atom= Transmuted atom (nuclear product) strength E-M fields and entangled QM wavefunctions of hydrogenous ions and SPP electrons = ULM neutron= Unstable isotope = SPP electron= Heavy SPP electronApril 20, 2011Copyright 2011, Lattice Energy LLCAll Rights Reserved9 8. High level overview: W-L mechanism in condensed matter Chemical and nuclear energy realms can interconnect in small regions LENR Nuclear Realm (MeVs)Transducer regions: many-body collective effects, ~eV energies are Chemical Energy Realm (eVs) Occurs within micron-scale patches collected and summed to MeV energies in micron-scale, many-bodyEverywhere else in LENR systems surface patches by film of SPP electrons and p+, d+, t+ ions in Hot spots:reach 3,000 - 6,000+ oC patches; all oscillate collectivelyEnergy must be inputted to createCraters visible in post-experiment SEMhigh surface E-M radiation fieldsimages of LENR device surfacesthat are needed to produce ULMe p n~ eneutrons. Required input energyulm E-M energycan be provided from one or aE-M energy E-M energy Inpute d 2n~ ecombination of: electron beamsulm Mass- (electric currents); ion beams, i.e., Many-body, Normal-massfluxes of ions across the surface+ + collectivelyrenormalized surface plasmonfilm of SPP electrons (protons,oscillatingsurfacepolariton (SPP) or deuterons, tritons, or other ions); n (Z , A) (Z , A 1)surface plasmonand E-M photons, e.g., from lasersulm patches of p+, polaritonelectrons onEither a stable (SPP) surfaces of certain if nanoscale surface roughness d+, or t+ ions+ isotopeelectrons carbon structurescoupling parameters are satisfied Or unstablealso convertisotope in anGamma photons IR Infrared (IR) photonsIR photons excited stategammas to IR excite lattice - may emit gammas Micron-scale surface regions withSurface film of SPP phonons or X-rays electrons inherently ULM neutron Unstable isotope: very high local electromagnetic fieldsoscillates collectivelycaptures on target Which then subsequently undergoesfuel elements and some type of nuclear decay processBorn-Oppenheimer Approximation breaks down in many- subsequent nuclear body patches of p+, d+, or t+ on loaded hydride surfaces reactions all In the case of typical beta- decay:release nuclearHeat+ + Two-way, collective energy transfers occur back-and-forth via E-M binding energy ( Z , A) ( Z 1, A) e e neutrons are thefields coupling the chemical and nuclear realms match that lightsthe fuel on fireIn the case of typical alpha decay: LENR final products: primarily stable isotopes, Energetic+energetic -, (He-4) particles, other charged charged ( Z , A) ( Z 2, A 4) 4 HeOutput particles, IR photons (with small tail in soft X-Outputparticles2 excite lattice Extremely neutron-rich product isotopesrays), and neutrinos Neutrinos () flyphonons may also deexcite via beta-delayed off into space at decays, which also emit small fluxes of neutrons, protons, deuterons, tritons, etc. End with: , , IR photonsvelocity c April 20, 2011 Copyright 2011, Lattice Energy LLC All Rights Reserved 10 9. What is required for LENRs to occur in condensed matter? Key factors for initiation and operation Substantial quantities of Hydrogen isotopes must be brought into intimate contact with fully-loaded metallic hydride-forming metals; e.g., Palladium, Platinum, Rhodium, Nickel, Titanium , Tungsten, etc.; please note that collectively oscillating, 2-D surface plasmon (SP) electrons are intrinsically present and cover the surfaces of such metals. At full loading of H, many-body, collectively oscillating patches of protons (p+), deuterons (d+), or tritons (t+) will form spontaneously at random locations scattered across such surfaces Or, delocalized collectively oscillating electrons that comprise the outer covering surfaces of fullerenes, graphene, benzene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules behave very similarly to SPs; when such molecules are hydrogenated, they can create many-body, collectively oscillating, entangled quantum systems that, within context of W-L theory, are functionally equivalent to loaded metallic hydrides Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down in tiny surface patches of contiguous collections of collectively oscillating p+, d+, and/or t+ ions; enables E-M coupling between nearby SP or electrons and hydrogen ions at these locations --- creates local nuclear-strength electric fields; effective masses of coupled electrons are then increased to some multiple of an electron at rest (e e*) determined by required simultaneous energy input(s) System must be subjected to external non-equilibrium fluxes of charged particles or E-M photons that are able to transfer input energy directly to many-body SP or electron surface films. Examples of such external energy sources include (they may be used in combination): electric currents (electron beams); E-M photons (e.g., emitted from lasers, IR-resonant E-M cavity walls, etc.); pressure gradients of p+, d+, and/or t+ ions imposed across surfaces; currents of other ions crossing the electron surface in either direction (ion beams); etc. Such sources provide additional input energy that is required to surpass certain minimum H-isotope-specific electron- mass thresholds that allow production of ULM neutron fluxes via e* + p+, e* + d+, or e* + t+ weak interactions N.B.: please note again that surface plasmons are collective, many-body electronic phenomena closely associated with interfaces. For example, they can exist at gas/metal interfaces or metal/oxide interfaces. Thus, surface plasmon oscillations will almost certainly be present at contact points between purely metallic surfaces and adsorbed target nanoparticles composed of metallic oxides, e.g., PdO, NiO, or TiO 2, etc., or vice-versaApril 20, 2011Copyright 2011, Lattice Energy LLCAll Rights Reserved 11 10. Technical side note: ULM neutron capture cross-sections Unlike energetic neutrons produced in most nuclear reactions, Please note: ultra low momentum(ULM) neutrons have enormouscollectively produced LENR neutrons are effectively standing absorption cross-sections on 1/vstill at the moment of their creation in condensed matter. Since isotopes. For example, Lattice hasthey are vastly below thermal energies (ultra low momentum),estimated the ULMN fission captureULM neutrons have huge DeBroglie wavelengths (from nm tocross-section on U-235 to be ~1million barns (b) and on Pu-239 at~100 microns) and accordingly large capture cross-sections on 49,000 b, vs. ~586 b and ~752 b,nearby nuclei; most or all will be locally absorbed; few will berespectively, for typical neutrons atdetectable as free neutrons thermal energiesA neutron capture expert recently For the vast majority of stable and unstable isotopes, theirestimated the ULMN capture cross-neutron capture cross-section (relative to measurements ofsection on He-4 at ~20,000 b vs. avalue of