1

1. 1.

..

1. 1. -- AngerAnger

(H. Anger, Berkeley, 1958)

NaI

x

z

y

..

--::

(collimator), NaI (scintillator), (photomultipliers) ( )

( )

..

90

..

--

, ( ) .

.

, (light guide)(light guide), , (x,y) .

, .

..

--

.

--.

- .

99m99mTcTc, 140 keV140 keV, 10%, 130 keV 150 keV.

, -- .

..

.

.

(FFieldield OOff VViewiew -- FOVFOV).

..

((parallelparallel--hole collimatorhole collimator))

..

((pinhole collimatorpinhole collimator)) 3-5 mm.

b, a -, .

:

/ = / / = / bb

..

((diverging multihole collimator)diverging multihole collimator)

40-50 cm .

A : f, b t

/ / = (f= (f -- t) / (ft) / (f ++ b)b)

..

(converging multihole collimator)

40-50 cm .

, .

/ = ( / = (ff ++ tt) / () / (f + t f + t -- bb))

..

H H

:

.

:

..

-.

, -:

RRcc d(Ld(L ++ z)z) // LL

..

gg ( ) .

:

gg [kd[kd22 // L(dL(d ++ t)]t)]22 k .

: zz >>>> LL dd >>>> tt : gg RRcc22

, -- .

..

.

[15] -- 40 cm40 cm:

1.460003.4Medium Energy High Sensitivity (MEHS)

0.390003.4Low Energy High Sensitivity (LEHS)

0.3180002.5Low Energy General Purpose (LEGP)

0.3300001.8Low Energy High Resolution (LEHR)

(mm)

(mm)

..

((scintillatorsscintillators)) ( ) .

NaINaI TlTl, .

.

- NaI(Tl)NaI(Tl) 150 keV150 keV

..

((photomultiplier tube photomultiplier tube -- PMPM)).

.

.

..

//(())

: , : , : , : , : , : , : ( ), ee--: , : , :

..

37 -

..

- , RRxx++, , RRxx--, , RRyy++, , RRyy--

, - - ++, , --, , ++, , --, -.

= = +++ + --+ + +++ + --

x = k(x = k(+++ + --)/Z)/Z y = k(Yy = k(Y+++ Y+ Y--)/Z)/Z , k = .

..

((pulse height pulse height analyzeranalyzer)) - .

- () .

..

TcTc9999mm MDP () () 140 keV

..

-

(spatial resolution)

.

RRss :

RRcc RRii ,

22cis RRR +=

..

(temporal resolution)

- , .

, (dead timedead time).

= ,

nn = ,

= , :

nTnN = 1