IIHSAConf2020 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS - aegeussociety...Palaeolithic peopling and settling of Zakynthos...

I R ISH INST ITUTE OF HELLEN IC STUDIES AT ATHENS I N S T I T I U I D E I R E A NN A C H S A N A T A E N D ON L E A N N H E I L L E A N A C H Ι Ρ Λ ΑΝ Δ Ι Κ Ο Ι Ν Σ Τ Ι Τ Ο Υ ΤΟ Ε Λ Λ ΗΝ Ι Κ ΩΝ Σ Π Ο Υ ΔΩ Ν Σ Τ Η Ν Α ΘΗΝ Α

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

ARCHAEOLOGYOFTHEIONIANSEA:Landscapes,seascapesandthecirculationof

people, goodsandideas(Pa laeol i th ic – Bronze Age )

BOOKOFABSTRACTS

10 -11 January 2020 a t t he L e c t u r e Ha l l o f t he I t a l i a n S c hoo l o f A r chaeo lo gy P a r t h enonos 1 4 , A t hen s

Organ i s i n g c omm i t t ee C hr i s t i n a S ouyoud zog lou -Haywood – I IH SA D i r e c t o r C h r i s t i n a Papou l i a – I IH SA A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r ( 201 6 - 20 19 ) & po s t - do c t o r a l f e l l ow , U n i ve r s i t y o f C re t e i on i a n s e a20 20@gma i l . c om SupportedbyIIHSApatrons:ProfGeorgeHuxley,RobertMcCabe,AnnaMallikourtisandtheEmbassyofIreland

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--Friday,10January2020--

KEYNOTELECTURE

ComparativeperspectivesinIslandArchaeology:AviewfromtheIonianSea

HelenDawson

FreieUniversitätBerlin,Germany

[email protected]

AbstractThe Ionian Sea offers a prime, albeit somewhat neglected, case study in IslandArchaeology,intermsofunderstandingtheinteractionbetweenisland,coastalandinlandcommunities.Fromtheephemeraltraces leftbehindby itsearly inhabitantsto the celebration of a maritime ethos in the Homeric epics, the Ionian Sea hasfulfilled multiple, even contradictory, roles throughout prehistory, alternatelyembodying a border or passage area, and acting as a filter or catalyst in culturalprocesses.Here,theislandscape,coastscape,andseascapeblendintooneanother,creating a scaled-down “sea of islands” (Hau’ofa 1994). A diachronic perspectiverevealsthemutablerolesoftheislands(hereaselsewherearoundtheworld),eitheras extensions of themainland or as distinctive places. Their histories allow us tochallenge traditional views of insularity based around simple dichotomies such asisolation/connectivity, centrality/marginality, and innovation/conservatism.Geographically, the Ionian Islandscanbecharacterisedasmarginalspaces, locatedon the edge of themainland. From a network perspective, however, they can beconsidered as in-between places. Under changing historical conditions, theirinhabitantsexperienceddifferentdegreesofculturalintegration,attimesharnessingandoptimisingtheirin-betweenness.

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PALAEOGEOGRAPHY

PalaeogeographicalchangesandtheirimplicationsforhumanactivitiesalongthecoastsoftheIonianSeasincethemid-Holocene

AndreasVött1*,HannaHadler1,LeaObrocki1,TimoWillershäuser1,FranziskaLang2,

BirgittaEder31NaturalHazardResearchandGeoarchaeologyGroup,InstituteofGeography,JohannesGutenberg-Universität

Mainz,Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg21,55099Mainz,Germany2DepartmentofClassicalArchaeology,TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt,El-Lissitzky-Str.1,64287Darmstadt,

Germany,3AustrianAcademyofSciences,InstituteforOrientalandEuropeanArchaeology,Hollandstraße11-13,1020

Wien(Vienna),Austria/OeAI–AustrianArchaeologicalInstitute,LeoforosAlexandras26,10683Athens,Greece

*Correspondingauthor:[email protected]

AbstractThe coasts of the Ionian Sea have undergone considerable changes during theHolocene due to sea level fluctuations, sediment supply from the hinterland bycreeksandrivers,seastormsandfloodingeventsaswellasearthquakesandrelatedtsunamiimpacts.WehavestudiedpalaeographicalchangesalongthecoastsoftheIonianSeaandtheirgeoarchaeologicalandarchaeologicalimplicationsontheIonianIslands (Corfu, Lefkas, Kefalonia), in mainland western Greece (Epirus, Akarnania,Etolia)aswellasinthewesternandsouthwesternPeloponnese.Ourinvestigationsare based on geophysical prospection methods such as electrical resistivitytomography,seismicsandgroundpenetratingradar inorder toobtain informationon the local stratigraphy, the bedrock topography or archaeological remains.Prospection studies are followed by sediment coring and multi-proxy-sedimentanalyses of sediment sample using a variety of palaeontological, geochemical,mineralogical and geochronological methods. Here, we present selectedgeoarchaeological case studies fromdifferent regional settings all along theGreekcoast of the Ionian Sea – from Corfu in the north, via the Ambrakian Gulf andAkarnania and the central Ionian Islands to the Peloponnese in the south –documentingdifferentkindsofcoastalchangeimpacttohumancommunities.Thesecase studies comprise examples for the influence of relative sea level changes,abrupt co-seismic crust uplift, delta progradation and shoreline shifting aswell asearthquake-relatedtsunamilandfalls.

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PalaeogeographicreconstructionofthenorthernInnerIonianSeaArchipelago(WesternGreece)duringLateQuaternarylowsealevelperiods

DimitrisSakellariou1*,AlexandraZavitsanou1,GrigorisRousakis1,NenaGalanidou2

1Inst.ofOceanography,HellenicCentreforMarineResearch,19013Anavyssos,Greece,2DepartmentofHistory&Archaeology,UniversityofCrete,74100Rethymno,Greece


AbstractA seismic reflection survey was conducted in the northern Inner Ionian SeaArchipelago,WestGreece,toreconstructthepalaeogeographicevolutionoftheareaduringLateQuaternarylowsealevelperiods.MaximumRegressiveSurfacesontheslopes and in thebasin's infill areused todefine seismic stratigraphy and chrono-stratigraphy. Four low sea level clinoforms have been associated with MarineIsotope Stages (MIS) 2, 4, 6 and 8. Active faulting has displaced vertically the sealevel markers in respect to the expected depths predicted by the eustatic curve.Subsidence rates, attributed to the vertical tectonic movements, vary between 1m/ka and0.7m/ka. Thebest-defined sea levelmarkers are associatedwithMIS2andMIS6. TheMIS2palaeoshorelinehasbeen foundatdepths rangingbetween130minsubsidedareasand105mbpslinupliftedareas.TheMIS6palaeoshorelinevariesoverawiderdepthrange,between253mand214mbpsl.ReconstructionofthesubmergedlandscapesisgivenforthelowsealevelstagesMIS2,MIS6andMIS8.KefaloniaandIthacahavemaintainedtheirinsularitythroughoutthelast250kaatleast. Atokos may have been connected to the mainland during MIS 8. Lefkas,Meganisi,Kalamos,KastosandArkoudiwereconnectedtothemainlandduringMIS2,MIS6andMIS8.Theimplicationsofthesepalaeogeographicreconstructionsonthe Palaeolithic settlement and the history of early seafaring are discussed. ThisworkisbasedontheMScThesisofA.Zavitsanou.

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UseofgeosciencetounderstandthepalaeogeographicdevelopmentofLivadi

Marsh,Paliki:implicationsforthedetectionofanancientharbourandanthropogenicsettlement

PeterStyles1*,GeorgeApostolopoulos2,JohnUnderhill3,JohnCrawshaw4,Olympia

Vikatou5,EleniPapafloratou61Applied&EnvironmentalGeophysicsResearchGroup,SchoolofGeography,Geology&Environment,Keele

University,UK,2AppliedGeophysics,SchoolofMiningandMetallurgicalEngineering,TechnicalUniversityofAthens,Greece,

3ExplorationGeoscience,SchoolofEnergy,Geoscience,Infrastructure&Society,Heriot-WttUniv.,Ediburgh,UK,4OxfordUniversity,UK&TrusteeofOdysseusUnboundFoundation,

5EphorateofAntiquitiesofAetoloacarnania&Lefkas,6EphorateofAntiquitiesofKefalonia&Ithaki


AbstractHarbours and safe anchorages were critical facilities for seafaring nations inMycenaeantimesfortradeanddefence.Thesewereoftensimplesitesonwhichtobeachshallow-draftcraft,butsuchsitesarenotcommonintectonicallyactiveareassuchastheIonianSeaingeneralandKefaloniainparticularwheremuchaccessisviasteepcliffs.Identifyingsuchsitesiscriticallyimportanttorevealthehistoricalrecordofhumanactivitypre-history.Naturalprocesses: tectonics, stormand tsunamievents, currents,waveactionandsedimentary depositional processes can frequently obscure paleo-harbour sites.Geophysical investigations including Electromagnetic, Ground Penetrating Radar,Resistivity and Seismic surveys with subsequent, targeted boreholes, can identifygeologicalchangestothepaleo-landscapeintheHolocene.Wefocusonthe“LivadiMarsh”areaborderingLivadiBayatthenorthendofKefalonia’sArgostoliGulfanduse geophysics supported by boreholes to calibrate and trace its paleogeographicdevelopmentfromanaturalbaysuitableasanancientmooringtoacontemporaryenvironment of sediment-filled fertile land edged bymarsh.We identify complexinteracting natural processes, including faults, tsunamigenic deposits andsedimentary deposition/erosion, which have impacted the changingpalaeogeography. Additionally, we have identified signs of anthropogenic remainssuggesting human settlement activity bordering the paleo-bay and potentialindicationsofanancientsiteworthyoffutureexplorationbyarchaeologists.

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ARCHAEOLOGYSession1

TracingMiddlePalaeolithiclandandsearoutesintheCentralIonianSea

ChristinaPapoulia1*,NenaGalanidou1,ChristinaHaywood21DepartmentofHistory&Archaeology,UniversityofCrete,74100Rethymno,Greece,

2IrishInstituteofHellenicStudiesatAthens,Notara51a10683Athens,Greece


AbstractTheCentralIonianSeaisanidealcasestudyfortheinvestigationofbothterrestrialand marine crossings that may have occurred during the Pleistocene since itspresent-daycoastalconfigurationdifferssignificantlyfromtheonethatwouldhavebeenencounteredbyPalaeolithic foragers.According to the latestpalaeoshorelinereconstructions, most of the isles and islets of the area were connected to theopposite Akarnanian coasts. Land bridges, today submerged, hold clues for theterrestrialroutesavailableduringthelowsea-levelstandsofMIS2,MIS4,MIS6andMIS 8. On the other hand, the islands of Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Ithaki and Atokoswereforthemostpartseparatedfromthemainland,thus,anyartefactattributedtothe Middle Palaeolithic would be an indication of marine rather than terrestrialcrossing.Surveyprojectsconductedon islandsof theCentral IonianSeaduring the last twodecades,attheInnerIonianSeaArchipelagoandattheLivathoValley,Kefaloniabythe University of Crete and the Irish Institute of Hellenic Studies respectively, incollaborationwiththe34thand35thEphorateofAntiquitiesoftheGreekMinistryofCulture, provide new, critical evidence and reveal the geographic extent ofPleistoceneactivityand themobilitypatternsoccurring inwesternGreecesinceatleasttheMiddlePalaeolithic.

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PalaeolithicpeoplingandsettlingofZakynthosisland.InterpretingthenewevidencewithintheWesternGreekandAdriaticcontext.

StefanosLigkovanlis1*,GeorgiaKourtessi-Philippakis2

1DepartmentofHistory&Archaeology,UniversityofCrete,74100Rethymno,Greece,2NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens,Greece

*Correspondingauthor:[email protected],archaeologicalsurveysonZakynthos,throughtheirfindings,have enriched significantly the earlier, fragmentary, evidence for the island’sprehistory. In this context, the Zakynthos Archaeological Project conducted undertheauspicesofthe35thEphorateofAntiquities,HellenicMinistryofCulture,andtheNetherlands InstituteatAthens-UniversityofAmsterdam(UoA),apart fromotherevidence,hasbroughttolightaconsiderableamountoflithicsandrelatedsitesandfindspots,assignedchronologicallytothePalaeolithicperiod.The study of this new evidence includes both an analysis of the features of thechipped stone assemblages and that of their geographical setting, and in additiondealswiththeexaminationoftheisland’savailableresourcesandrawmaterials.Thiscomprehensiveapproachallowsustoestablish,withafairamountofcertainty,thepatternof humanoccupation andaspects of humanactivity andbehaviourduringthechronologicalperiodandwithintheculturalcontextunderdiscussion.In this presentation this new archaeological evidence will be presented anddiscussed along with its interpretative implications for the Western Greek andbroaderAdriaticcontext.

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PrehistoricsettlementintheInnerIonianSeaArchipelagoanditsIonianArchipelagoconnections

NenaGalanidou1*,MariaGatsi2,OlympiaVikatou3,AntonisVasilakis4,CathyMorgan5,JeannetteForsén6,VivianStaikou3,ChristinaPapoulia1,Panagiotis

Zervoudakis11DepartmentofHistory&Archaeology,UniversityofCrete,74100Rethymno,Greece,

2EphorEmeritus,EphorateofAntiquitiesofAetoloacarnania&Lefkas,3EphorateofAntiquitiesofAetoloacarnania&Lefkas,

4EphorEmeritus,EphorateofAntiquitiesofKefalonia&Ithaki,5AllSoulsCollege,UniversityofOxford,UK,

6DepartmentofHistoricalStudies,UniversityofGothenburg,Sweden


AbstractThe Ionian Sea features twoArchipelagos: one to thewest consisting of the largeislandsandonetotheeastconsistingofthesmallerislandsoftheInnerIonian,theshallow semi-enclosed sea, delimited by the mainland of Greece to the east andLefkas, Kefalonia and Ithaca to the west. The Inner Ionian includes a variety ofmarineandfreshwaterresources,coastal lowlandsalonganextendedandintricateshorelineinterspersedwithacomplexinlandtopography,littlearableland,akarsticlandscape featuring caves, rockshelters and dolines, some of which are partly ortotallysubmerged,seasonalandperennialwetlands,andflintofexcellentquality.In2010,an intensivesurfacesurveycoupledwithsmall-scaleexcavationwas initiatedon Teleboides, the northern cluster of islands, with the aim of investigating thehistoryofoccupationandthetieswithsettlementsonthemainlandandthelargerislands of the Ionian Sea from prehistoric tomodern times. Archaeological surveywas conducted on Meganisi, Thileia, Kythros, Tsokari, Petalou, Nisopoula,Phormikoula,Madouri,AtokosandArkoudi.Anareaofa little less than7km2wascoveredinthethreefieldcampaigns(2010–2012),and20,000portablefindswerecollected.Inthispaperwepresentthemethodandresultsofsurveyworkconductedin the Inner IonianArchipelagoandexplore the connectionsof the smaller islandswiththelargerislandsoftheIonianSeafromtheMiddlePalaeolithictotheBronzeAge.

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LithicsasdiachronicproxiesforthecirculationofpeopleandideasinthedynamicIonianlandscape

ChristinaPapoulia

DepartmentofHistory&Archaeology,UniversityofCrete,74100Rethymno,Greece

[email protected]

AbstractThe dynamic Ionian seascapes and coastscapes as well as the, now submerged,landscapeshavesignificantly influencedhumanadaptations,mobilitynetworksandeconomic activities with multifaceted implications in terms of socio-culturalorganisationineachandeverypartofprehistory,fromthePalaeolithictotheBronzeAge.Lithics,theonlytypeofartefactsperpetuallyusedinthehistoryofourspeciessince theearliestof times,althoughabundant in the Ionian region,havenotbeenadequatelyincludedinthehistoricalnarrativeofwesternGreeceuptoitsmerits.Abignumberofpublishedandunpublishedlithicassemblagesfromsurfacecollections,excavated open-air sites and caves from the Ionian islands and the Epirotic andAkarnaniancoastsareabletoprovidesignificantcluesaboutthewaypeoplemovedacrossthelandscapesandseascapeswestofthePindusmountainrange,aboutthetransportationofgoodsandthetransmissionofideas,fromadiachronicperspective.By examining the lithics as proxies for the circulation of people and ideas, it ispossible to explore the diachronic and reciprocally transformative relationshipbetweenhumancommunitiesandthesea,thecriticalroleofcoastalenvironmentsintheformationofsmallandextendednetworksofculturalandeconomicexchangeand the implications in terms of behavioural, cognitive and social transformationswithin prehistoric societies and between them. This needs to be done through aholistic approach including macroscopic (typological and technological) analysis,microscopicuse-wearandresidueanalysis,elementalanalysisfortheidentificationoftherawmaterialsourcesandGISanalytictechniques.

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ARCHAEOLOGYSession2

PrehistoricsettlementintheChoirotrypaCaveonLefkas

KonstantinosZachos1*,NenaGalanidou21EphorEmeritus,EphorateofAntiquitiesofIoannina,

2DepartmentofHistory&Archaeology,UniversityofCrete,74100Rethymno,Greece

*Correspondingauthor:[email protected] this paper we present the prehistoric remains recovered from the ChoirotrypaCave,alargeandcomplexkarsticsystemnearApolpainaoverlookingthelowlandsofthemoderntownofLefkasinthecentralIonianSea.Between1995and1997rescueexcavationsconductedbyKZatthetalusofthecavebroughttolightrichanddiversearchaeologicalassemblagesdatingfromtheStoneAgetoHellenistictimes.WefocusontheMiddlePalaeolithicandtheNeolithicrecordstoaddressquestionsofcontextoftwodifferentsorts:i.thecaveasanarchaeologicalcontextofrecovery,andii.thecaveascontextofactivityoftheNeanderthalgroupsofhuntersandgatherersandofthe Neolithic groups of farmers and herders. The archaeology of the ChoirotrypaCaveisthendiscussedbycomparingitwiththearchaeologyfromotherhomologoussitesintheIonianSea.

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Beyondthehorizon.StoneartefactsandsocialnetworksinLateNeolithicDrakainaCave,KefaloniaIsland

GeorgiaStratouli1*,TasosBekiaris2,VasiliosMelfos3

1HellenicMinistryofCultureandSports,2ERCPlantCult–Dept.ofArchaeology,SchoolofHistoryandArchaeology,AristotleUniversityofThessaloniki,

3DepartmentofMineralogy,PetrologyandEconomicGeology,SchoolofGeology,Greece


AbstractThis presentation investigates the crucial role of well-established interregionalcommunicationandexchangenetworks,suchasthesupplyofstonerawmaterials,for supporting the social life of island communities in the Ionian Sea during theNeolithic.Weattempttoapproachsocialnetworksthroughtheprovenanceanalysisofstoneartefacts,includingcelts,stoneornamentsandamarblevessel,unearthedintheLateNeolithicdeposits(c.5600-3700calBC)ofDrakainaCave,asmallcavitylocatedonthesteepslopesoftheVochynasgorgewithintheareaofPorosvillageattheSEcoastofKefaloniaisland.

PetrographicandprovenanceanalysesonstoneobjectsfromDrakainaCavehaveindicatedtheco-existenceofstoneartefactsofbothlocalandnon-localorigin,withthe latter originating from sources in mainland Greece and the Aegean Islands.Basedonthisevidence,butalsoonthetechnologicalstudyoftheartefactsandtheirassociationwith other lithic industries of theGreekNeolithic,wewill address theparticipationofthesocialgroupsthatgatheredatDrakainaCavefromtimetotimein regional and interregional social networks that favoured the supply, circulationanddistributionofrawmaterialsandproducts,andsupportedmechanismsofsocialreproduction.Furthermore,wewillexpandourargumentto includeothermaterialcategoriesuncoveredatthesite(e.g.localchippedstones,pottery),suggestingthatthegorgeofDrakainaCavewasasignificantandstrategic locale,whichactedasabridge, connecting the occupants of Kefalonia island with the broader NeolithicAegeanworld.

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EvidenceofsettlementsonKefaloniaduringtheEHperiod.ThecaseofSami.

AndreasSotiriou

EphorateofUnderwaterAntiquities,MinistryofCulture&Sports

[email protected]

AbstractHabitation during the EH period on Kefalonia is confirmed by the excavation datawhichcomefromthesitesofMountaSkala,ArginiaandSami.Thebest-documentedsite is Sami, which lies on the eastern part of Kefalonia. At the periphery of themodern village, the ruins of buildings have been recovered as well as children’sburialsinvasesandacistgrave,whichwerefoundinthefoundationsofthehouses.The pottery is the usual pottery of the period and similar to the pottery of otherwell-knownsites.Twocategoriesaredistinguished, the fineand thecoarsewares.Among the shapesof vases themost commonare thephialae and thepithoiwithplasticornaments.FromtheabovedataitisconcludedthatthesettlementofSamibelongstothesameculturebearersastheonesthatflourishedinotherregionsofGreece.

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TheEarlyandMiddleBronzeAgeintheIonianSea.NewevidencefromtheislandofZakynthos

GertJanvanWijngaarden1*,NienkePieters1,CorienWiersma2

1UniversityofAmsterdam,2GroningenInstituteofArchaeology

*Correspondingauthor:G.J.M.vanWijngaarden@uva.nlAbstractOurviewoftheEarlyandMiddleBronzeAgeintheIonianIslandsisdeterminedtoagreatextentbytheresultsofW.Dörpfeld’sresearchesinandaroundNidhri,Lefkada.No other area in the Ionian Sea has a similar concentration of funerary siteswithidentifiable imports and other valuables from these periods. However, the manysurveys and excavations of the last few decades on the islands and the nearbymainlandhaveyieldednumeroussitesfromthisperiodintheregion.ThispaperwillbebasedontheresultsoftheZakynthosArchaeologyProject,alarge-scalelandscaperesearchprogrammethatwascarriedoutfrom2005-2015undertheauspices of the Netherlands Institute at Athens and the responsible Ephorate ofAntiquities. We will first give an overview of the Early and Middle Bronze AgematerialsthathavebeenattestedonZakynthos.Withthatbasis,wewilladdressthequestiontowhichextentthematerialrecordofZakynthosduringthisperiodcanbecompared to that of the other Ionian Islands and Nidhri in particular. We willconclude with an attempt to assess the connections of Zakynthos with the otherIonianIslandsandthenearbyPeloponnesianareasofAchaiaandElis.

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--Saturday,11January2020--

ARCHAEOLOGYSession3

LBAELLIPSOIDMEGARONATTZANNATA,NEARPOROS,KEPHALLENIA.NewevidencefortheLBAinKephalleniaandtheIonianIslands

AndonisVasilakis1*,TheodoraPefani2

1EphorEmeritus,EphorateofAntiquitiesofKefalonia&Ithaki,2National&KapodistrianUniversityofAthens


AbstractIn2011-2013anewexcavationrevealedalargeellipsoid/ovoidbuildingwithasmallellipsoidbuildingbuiltlateronitsruinsatthelocationbythenameof‘Riza’nearthevillage of Tzannata/Poros. This discovery has changed our knowledge of LBAKephallenia. Two LBA buildingswere excavatedmany years ago at StarochoraphanearKraniandatAgioiTheodoroi-VouniasnearSami,buttheinformationispoor.AthirdexcavationnearArgostoliin2010-2014hasrevealedpartsofabadlypreservedLBA building. The building at Tzannata is the fourth of the period and the betterpreserved.PotteryofallperiodsfromMHIIItoLHIIIperiodswascollectedfromallrooms.Thebasicwaresare:-Fineorsemi-finepotteryofthelateMH/earlyLHIperiods.- Finepotteryof theLH II andLH IIIperiods.This canbeput into threemain sub-categories:theyellowish,mostlyforchalices;thelightbrown;andthereddishusedinothershapes.-HandmadecoarsepotteryfromMHIIItoLHIII,fragmentaryandbadlypreserved,oflowfiringanduncleanclay,fromlightbrownorgreytodarkbrownorgrey.- Handmade pottery, of the same clay as the above category, butwith relief andbarbotinedecoration.The continuing analysis of the pottery will give evidence for further and moredetailedsubdivisionsoftheclaywaresintomoresubtotalsandcategories.BoththearchitecturaltypeofthemegaronatTzannataandthepotteryfromitmarktheconservativecharacterofthelocalcultureinearlyandmiddleLBA.

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DivergingtrajectorieswithinthewesternMycenaeankoine:thecaseofKefalonia.

OdysseasMetaxasIndependentresearcher

[email protected]

AbstractThestudyof theLBAperiod inwesternGreecehasprogressedconsiderably in thecourseofthepreviousdecades,althoughnotuniformlyoverallareas.AtKefaloniaaseries of cemeteries has been excavated but the island has been the focus of arelativelymeagreamountofstudies.Sincetheyarecharacterizedbyseveral interestingfeatureswhenseenthroughthelensofaregionalperspective,moreworkcanbedoneinexaminingthosefeaturesinconjunction to areas of western Greece, such as Achaea, where studies in thedevelopmentofsocialdynamicshavebeenmoreprolific.The differences between the Kefalonian LH IIIC mortuary data in comparison tothose from adjacent areas, indicate that societies were developing within afragmentedandheterarchicalpolitical landscape, inwhich localconditions,aswellaspreexisting traditionswhere shapinga complexpicture.Mortuarypractices andaspectsofrelatedmaterialexpressionscouldhavebeenusedintheconstructionofidentities or the propagation of social arrangements which had a local character,seemingly diverging in specific attributes in comparison to areas of westernmainlandGreece.WeshouldnothoweverviewsuchtrajectoriesasindicativeofanintrovertstancebyKefalonianLBAcommunities.WeshouldratherviewthemaspartofanintricateweborinterrelationsbetweencommunitiesconnectedbytheIonianSea,throughwhichsocietiesselectivelyadoptedorrejectedspecificelements.

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Migrants,refugeesandsocialrestructuringinLateHelladicKefalonia

IoannisVoskosDepartmentofHistoryandArchaeology,NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens

[email protected]

AbstractIn1964Desboroughstatedanargumentforthe“mycenaeanisation”ofKefaloniaviathe intrusionofpopulationscomingfrommainlandGreece.Accordingtothisview,the “refugees” had fled there after the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces.Moreover, their arrival at Kefalonia resulted in a largely prosperous periodwithinthe Late Helladic IIIC phase. Since the mid-1960’s post-processual archaeologyalteredsignificantly thewayprehistoricmigrationsandcolonisationsareperceivedwhile post-colonial perspectives emphasised the complex situation and culturaladmixture between intrusive groups and the locals.However,more than 50 yearsafterDesborough’stheory,hisculture-historicalviewstilldominatesarchaeologicalexplanationsintheareaofthesouthernIonianIslandsandalsoinotherregionsofthe Aegean and eastern Mediterranean where Aegean cultural groups haveseeminglymigratedaround1200BC.Inthispresentation,Iwilldiscusspasttheoriesonthe“mycenaeanisation”processesofKefaloniaand Iwillattemptto investigatethe existing situation on the island by focusing on selected aspects of materialcultureandfunerarydata.Itwillbearguedthattheislandwasindirectcontactwithmainland Greece since at least the 14th-13th cent. BC and the indications for amassivepopulationmovementaround1200BCareatbesttentative.

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Islandsinthestream.AmaritimeperspectiveofthecentralIonianIslandsintheLateBronzeAge

ChristinaHaywood

Director,IrishInstituteofHellenicStudiesatAthens,Notara51a10683Athens,Greece

[email protected]

AbstractIsland Archaeology is a relatively new field of enquiry, which initially, inthe early1970s, attempted a close application to archaeology of the principlesofbiogeography,viewinginsularityastheprimeshaperofislandsocietiesandaspectsof their cultures. Subsequent studies found flaws with this model and insteadfosteredafocusoncoastalcommunitiesandmaritimeinteractionsasmoresuitableanalytical tools. It is undeniable however that islands share unique commoncharacteristics, above all their boundedness and dependence on seafaring forexternalcontacts.Thus, thecombinedstudyof islandandmaritimeconsiderationsarehighly appropriate. It hasmoreoverbeen recognized, given their geographical,geomorphological and cultural diversity, that islands or archipelagos need to bestudiedintheirownright.Unlike for other islands or island groups in the Aegean world (e.g. the Cyclades,Kythera-Antikythera), for the Ionian Islands the relevance of insularity and themaritimeenvironmenthasnotsofarbeenpartofthearchaeologicaldiscourse.Oneofthereasonsforthis istheabsenceand lowresolutionoftheavailabledata,andthe lack of specialist research. For these reasons, in approaching the subject, thispaper does not aim to offer definite answers and solutions, but rather to raisequestions and to propose some hypothetical cultural/historical scenarios resultingfromthepossibleeffectsofinsularconditions,sea-basedconnectivityandmobility,and theuseof thesea.The focuswillbeon thecentral Ionian islands,particularlyKefalonia and Ithaki, in thebest archaeologically documentedperiod, i.e. the LateBronzeAge.

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ARCHAEOLOGYSession4

ArchaeologicalShorelineResearchontheculturalsemanticsofcoasts:thepromontoryofKapros,SEKefalonia,intheBronzeAge

EvyeniaYiannouli

DepartmentofHistory,ArchaeologyandCulturalResourcesManagement,UniversityofthePeloponnese,Greece

[email protected]

AbstractThis paper contends that the cultural semantics of shores constitutes a significantcomponentofthe“maritime”inanyplatformdesignedtoexploreearthhistoryandculturehistoryinmaritimelandscapeformations.ArchaeologicalShorelineResearch(A.Sho.Re.) investigatesmaritime cultures, conjoining long-termmaterial evidenceand relevant geo-historical data in a systematic and extensive research frame. Itfurther focuses on epistemology in archaeology regarding theory building andmethodtestingpertinenttotheconditionsofthecoastalterrain.Thesignificanceofcoastalsemanticsissuesfromtheaboveresearchstrategy,herebydiscussingacasefrom Kapros, the easternmost promontory of the largest island of the Ionian Sea.Thisisapreliminaryaccountofongoingfieldwork,regardinganoveldepositfromahithertounidentifiedtypeofsiteinKefalonia.Asmallkarsticcavitysheltershumanpresence in the form of hearths, a bench and other structural arrangements,evidencingtheartofmasonryindrywalling,floor,theuseofbouldersandthesteeppath terracing. The deposit contains some pottery, including small size but thinwalled sherds and miniature pots, bones and shells, few fine finds and a smallquantityofobsidian.Adynamicnexusofgeo-archaeologicalfactsoflocalandsupra-regional significance is thus emergent. In an epistemological sense, however, the“maritime” risesasahighly selective stateof cultural traits thatmaybecogent tobutnotnecessarilyco-evalwiththeprobabilitiesgeneratedbythenaturalsequencesofcoastalformationprocesses.

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AetoloacarnaniaandIonianSeaintheBronzeAge:Ahistoryofinteraction

VenedictosLanarasIonianUniversity,Greece

[email protected]

AbstractThepartofGreecetodayreferredtoasAetoloacarnaniaislocatedintheSouthwestpart of mainland Greece. Until a few decades ago, this region used to be terraincognita forprehistoric archaeology,but thishas started to changewith thenewdataoftherecentdecades.Aetoloacarnania borders the Ionian Sea to the west, while to the south the seapenetratesintotheland,formingtheGulfofPatraswiththedistinctivelandscapeofAetolikoandtheMesolongilagoon.Asimilarformationisnotedonthesouth-west,which is defined by the Ambracian Gulf. It is, therefore, evident that the region,apartfromitsmountainousmainlandcharacter,isalsocharacterisedbyaverylongcoastlinealongtheIonianSea.The aim of this presentation is to emphasize the role of the Ionian Sea for thedevelopment of the societies of Aetoloacarnania during the EBA. This role seemscompatible with the main character of the EBA, which sees the development ofcontactsand trade just asmuchbetween the IonianSeaand theAegeanandviceversa,asbetween the IonianSeaand theDalmatian shores to thenorth, reachingtheareaviathecoastlinesofEpirusandAlbania.InordertoincludeAetoloacarnaniain this geographical and cultural framework, we will use the help of thearchaeological evidence provided by the settlements and the cemeteries of theperiod, and by doing so we hope to demonstrate that the communications andexchangesbetween the areasdidnot just involvematerial good, but included thetransferandexchangeofideas.

20

Reconstructingpathsofinterregionalcommunications:theLHIIIB-Chandmade

incisedpotteryoftheIonianIslands

MassimoCultraroNationalResearchCouncil(CNR)

UniversityofPalermo,Italy

[email protected]

AbstractSince the first field researchesbySp.MarinatosatKefalonia, it commonly thoughtthat handmade pottery could be interpreted a category inspired or influenced byexternals contacts. The connections, either in termsof typology andof decorativepatterns,betweenhandmadepotterymostly fromKephaloniaand thathandmadepottery found in other districts of North-WesternGreece and Southern Balkans isnotsufficientlyclear.This paper aims at focusing on a select group of handmade vessels found in LHcontexts. The group consists of small cylindrical pyxides decorated with incisedmotifs. Italsoincludestworectangular leggedvessels,onestoredintheNeuchâtelMuseum (Switzerland) and the other coming from the Dörpfeld excavations atKephali, Kerkyra. In both cases it is possible to propose some close links with aspecific category of ‘impasto’ type pottery found in South Italy and Sicily in LBAcontexts (accordingto theterminologyof Italianchronological sequence). It isalsoworthnotingthatthesmallrectangularleggedvesselsarewelldocumentedinSicily,where they circulated in the same siteswhere LH IIIMycenaean importedpotterywas found. Furthermore, a good parallel to the Kephali pyxis is a vase, similar inshapeanddecoration,whichcomesfromAusonianIIlevelonLipariIsland.Thestudyof this intriguingpotterycategory,applied to twodifferentgeographicalcontexts, will contribute to the exploration of the relationships ofmainland Italy,including Sicily,within thewider networkwhere circulation of pottery andpeoplearetherelevantdistinctivecharacteristics.

21

TheIonian-Adriaticinterfaceasalandscapeofmobility

FrancescoIacono1*,WiekedeNeef21UniversityofBologna,2UniversityofGhent


AbstractThelastfewyearshavemarkedaconsiderableincreaseinourlevelofknowledgeoftheSouthernAdriatic/IonianareaduringtheBronzeAge.However,observingthesedevelopments from the vantagepointof themain land-masses lying at thenorth-westernboundaryof the Ionian,namelySalento inSouthEastern Italy, thepicturewe have remain primarily based on the record of a very limited number of wellexplored sites, with very few data on landscape occupation. Yet, as we knowbecauseof these limited snapshots, during the secondmillenniumBC Salento is aprivilegedhuboflong-rangemobilityandinteraction,involvingactorsasdifferentastheAegeanworld (broadly intendedbutwith intense connectionswith the IonianareaandwesternGreece),aswellasnorthernItalyandselectedareasoftheBalkans.Howwasthis landscapeofmobilitymanifested inthearchaeologicalrecord?Whatwere the traces left on the ground? This paper will try to answer such questionsusingdatafromasurveyprojectrecentlyundertakenintheterritoryaroundthesiteofRocavecchia,oneofthemainlociofBronzeAgeconnectivityinthearea.

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ARCHAEOLOGYSession5

Makingpotsinnoclay'sland:

ThecommunalceramictraditionsofprehistoricIthaca

AretiPentedeka1*,CatherineMorgan2,AndreasSotiriou31OREAInstituteforOriental&EuropeanArchaeology,AustrianAcademyofSciences,

2AllSoulsCollege,UniversityofOxford,3EphorateofUnderwaterAntiquities,MinistryofCulture&Sports


AbstractHabitationonIthacacontinuedessentiallyunbrokenfromtheFinalNeolithicintotheLate Roman period. The prehistoric record, based largely (but not exclusively) onexcavations conducted by the BSAduring the 1930s, at present indicates a north-south divide: Bronze Age settlements are foundmostly in the north of the island(Pelikata: EBA (EBAIII)-MBA; Polis Cave: MBA-LBA; Treis Langadas: LBA; Stavroscemeteryfill:LBA),whereasinthesouthoftheisland,limitedprehistorichabitationtracesdatetotheNeolithicandLBA(rescueexcavationsconductedaroundVathybytheEphorateofKefaloniaandIthaca).Adiachroniclarge-scaleanalyticalprogrammebasedintheFitchLaboratoryoftheBSAaimstoassesstheexactcharacteroflocalproduction through mineralogical identification of the different ceramic fabricsrecognised macroscopically, and the reconstruction of the technological choicesmadeat each stageof themanufacturingprocess.A totalof 195 ceramic samplesdatingfromtheNeolithictotheLateRomanperiodswasexaminedviapetrographicanalysis and refiring tests, while 39 raw material samples were collected,experimentally processed, and thin sectioned for comparison with the ceramicmaterial.Analyticalresultsindicatethatprehistoricpotteryproduction,regardlessofperiod, isheavilybasedon local resources.Rawmaterialprocessingwasof crucialimportance in the localchaîneopératoire,as Ithacesiansedimentsarenotsuitableforpotterymakingifunprocessed.ThefourBronzeAgecommunitiesinthenorthofthe island seemingly share a strong, long-lasting, "communal" potting tradition, intandemwithmorelocalisedpotterymaking"recipes"(e.g.Pelikata).

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ThenatureofwarfareinWesternGreeceandtheIonianIslandsduringtheLate

BronzeAge

ThanasisJ.PapadopoulosProfessorEmeritusofPrehistoricArchaeology,UniversityofIoannina

[email protected]

AbstractAlthoughvariousaspectsofwarfare inMyceneanGreecehavebeendiscussed inanumberofpapers inrecentyears,anoverallviewoftheevidenceprovidedbythearchaeologicalfindsofwesternGreeceandtheIonianIslandsisstill lacking.Withinthe confines of my short paper an effort will be made to fill this gap of ourknowledge.

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HomericquestionsonLateBronzeandEarlyIronAgeIonianrevisited

VasileiosL.AravantinosEphorEmeritusofBoeotianAntiquities,GreekMinistryofCultureandSport

DirectorofThebes(Kadmeia)Excavations

[email protected]

AbstractThe extensive literature regarding Homer’s references to the Ionian islands andpeoples, especially in the Odyssey, includes both amateur and scholarly studies,whichgetmoreandmoredifficult,ifnotimpossible,todifferentiateandtoevaluate.By delving into publications, critically reviewing the data, publishing old andespecially new archaeologicalmaterial from the central and south Ionian Sea andconducting archaeological research in the Greek and widerMediterranean world,onemay recompose the natural and human environment, withinwhich the epicswere born and grew, independently of their specific place of birth and time ofrecording. Sea travels in the Ionian archipelago, being on the way of the GreekstowardstheWest,werefrequentandsignificantalreadysincethe lastcenturiesoftheBronzeAge,andbecameevendenserinthefirstcenturiesoftheIronAge.TheirsignificanceisimpliedbytheMycenaeanandespeciallyEarlyIronAgeevidencethatpassed down into the epics and is highlighted today through the study ofarchaeologicalfindsfromtheislandsoftheIonianSea,theGreekmainlandandtheAegean.

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POSTERSESSION

ClimateandenvironmentoftheIonianIslands.

FromthefirsthumanimpacttotheProtogeometricperiod

MatthiasK.KalischUniversityofTübingen,Germany

[email protected]

AbstractLocatedinwesternGreecefrommodernAlbaniathroughthecoastofAkarnania intheNorthtothePeloponneseintheSouth,theIonianIslandsarelargelyatriskfromvariousnaturalevents.SeveraltectonicstressfieldsstronglyinfluencetheIslandsofKerkyra,Lefkada,KefaloniaandZakynthos,aswellastheirsatelliteIslandsresultinginearthquakesandrelatednaturaldisasters.Inaddition,theregionofAkarnaniaandthe Ionian Islands, with their unusually high amount of rainfall, represent anexceptiontothewarmanddryclimateprevalentintheeasternMediterranean.Forthis reason, thispresentationwill review thegeological and climatic settingof theIslands to show the usefulness of systematic analysis of climate with regard tounderstandingtheformationoflandscapesandsettlementactivities.ThestudywilluserecentarchaeologicalandscientificstudiesfocusedontheclimateoftheIonianarchipelagoand theMediterranean todrawacoherentpictureof the influenceofMediterranean climateonhumans from the first evidencedhumanactivityon theIonianIslandsuntiltheBronzeAgeandProtogeometricperiod.SpecialfocuswillbegivenontheimpactofspecialweatherphenomenonontheformationoflandscapesandcoastlinesoftheIslands,anditsinfluenceonthesiteselectionofsettlements.

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Therock-cuttholostombbetweenMycenaeaninfluencesandlocalpeculiarities:ThecaseofSouth-CentralSicily

AlbertoCastelli

Georg-AugustUniversityofGottingen,Netherlands

[email protected]

AbstractOver the last25years, the studiesof the funeraryarchitectureof Sicily, especiallythoseconcernedwiththerock-cuttholos-shapedchambersassignabletotheMiddleand Late Bronze Age (according to the local chronology), have increased theperception that such architectural experienceswere the result of the relationshipwith archetypes deriving from the Mycenaean world. The studies have givenconsideration to the close relationships between theBronzeAgeAegean societiesand the local groups in order to understand the extent to which the latter wereinfluencedbytheformer.This poster will focus on the discrepancies between the “ideal model” of theMycenaeantholosandthearchitecturalexamplesfoundinSouth-CentralSicily.Themain goal is to try to understand whether these discrepancies are the result ofpreviousculturalexperiencesofthelocalcommunitiesorareduetopracticalfactors(landmorphology,lackoftechnicalskillsetc.).

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Healthstatus,medicineanddietontheoppositesidesoftheGulfofCorinthinthe

BronzeAge

TomasAlusikInstituteforHistoryofMedicineandForeignLanguages,FirstFacultyofMedicine,CharlesUniversity,Czech

Republic

[email protected]

AbstractThis poster will present a comparative study of the health status and level ofmedicineoftheregionsonbothsidesoftheCorithianGulf.Fromtheregionstothenorth of this gulf, there exist only 3 sites with preserved and published skeletalremains (Goutsoura in Thesprotia, Kirrha and Kastrouli-Desfina in Fokis). On thesouth side of the gulf - in Elis and Achaea - there are 7 siteswith preserved andpublishedskeletal remains (AgiaTriada inElis;AgiosVasileios-Chalandritsa,AchaeaKlauss,Kalamaki,LaganidiaKallithea;SpaliareikaandVoudeniinAchaea;inKalamakiandVoudenionlytheresultsoftheanalysesofthestableisotopesofthebonetissueforthedeterminationoftheprevailingdietwerepublished).The interesting fact is that in 4 sites within the studied area the individuals withtrepanations were found - in Kirrha, Agia Triada, Laganidia Kallithea and AchaeaKlauss.AsthetrepanationswerefoundonbothsidesoftheCorinthiangulf,itmightbe concluded that there probably was some transfer of the medical knowledgeregardingcomplexsurgicalinterventions.Onthisposter,firstlythehealthstatusoftheindividualsoftheaforementionedsiteswillbepresented(includingtheirdiet),andthiswillbefollowedbyacomparisonofthehealthstatusandlevelofmedicineoftheregionsoneithersideoftheCorinthianGulf.

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ContinuityintheMaterialCultureofKefalonia:LBAandHistoricalPeriod.TheCaseofDrakainaCave

AgathiKaradima

BirkbeckCollege

[email protected]

AbstractThe cave sanctuary of Drakaina, close to the coastal site of Poros, on the IonianIslandofKefalonia,playedanimportantroleinthereligiouslifeoftheislandduringthehistoricalperiod.ThemajorityofthematerialdatestotheArchaic,ClassicalandHellenistic periods. However, activity at the site started in the Early Geometricperiod and continued throughout the Geometric, with the dedication of a fewutilitarian large vases anda small groupof votives. This assemblagedemonstratesthesmoothtransitiontothelargeflowofdedicationsintheArchaicperiod.Duringthistimethemostpopularshapeisthekantharos.InthispresentationIwillfocusontherelationthatdemonstratestheaffinityoftheGeometric pottery and even terracottas with the LBA past of the island. Thekantharos,a shape that is introducedearly in the9th century, isa choicemadebyworshippersfortheArchaicperiodcultinthecave.Furthermore,astylethat isknownasWestGreekderivesdirectly fromtheshapesintroducedduringtheMatte-paintedIIphaseandbeforethebeginningoftheproperGeometric style that appeared in the regionofWesternGreecearound900BC.Agroupofdrinkingcupsimportedinthecave,whichareimitatedbylocalworkshops,fitsinthiscontext.Finally,themanydancinggroupsthatwerededicatedduringtheearlyArchaictimesareavotivethatwasfirstseenintheLBAinfunerarycontexts.Continuityand re-usearenoteworthy in thecoroplasticandpotteryproductionofKefalonia.

IIHSAConf2020 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS - aegeussociety...Palaeolithic peopling and settling of Zakynthos...

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