Cover image: Pictured is a pteropidbat (Pteropus poliocephalus), which isclosely related to the Australian blackflying fox (Pteropus alecto), a speciesthat has yielded a gene map of thetype I interferon (IFN) region. Peng Zhouet al. sequenced the type I IFN locus inP. alecto and found that the specieshas only 10 genes at the locus, includingthree IFN–α genes that remainconstitutively expressed in unstimulatedbat cells and tissue, and unaffected byviral infection. The findings suggest thatthe IFN system may help bats coexistwith viruses. See the article by Zhouet al. on pages 2696–2701. Imagecourtesy of Nea Baker (photographer).

From the Cover2696 Mapping interferon genes in bats

E1402 Circadian misalignment and cardiovascular disease

2568 Invisible material with electromagnetic properties

2726 Medium spiny neurons and cocaine dependence

2738 Steroid receptor coexpression

ContentsTHIS WEEK IN PNAS2551 In This Issue

LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY)E1329 Although critical, carbon choices alone do not determine the fate of

coastal citiesEzra Boyd, Vincenzo Pasquantonio, Frank Rabalais, and Scott Eustis

E1330 Reply to Boyd et al.: Large long-term sea level projections do notmean giving upon coastal citiesBenjamin H. Strauss, Scott Kulp, and Anders Levermann

E1331 Unnatural paradigm calls into question whether macaques’ social decisionsrepresent empathyKatherine A. Cronin

E1332 Reply to Cronin: Consistency between decision-making, gaze, and natural socialbehavior validates inferences on macaque social cognitionSebastien Ballesta and Jean-Rene Duhamel

NEWS FEATURE—An in-depth look at trending science issues2554 Genetic mutations you want

Sarah C. P. Williams

COMMENTARIES2558 Beating against the clock

Lilei Zhang and Mukesh K. Jain

See companion article on page E1402

2560 Clues on the coding of reward cues by the nucleus accumbensVeronica A. Alvarez

See companion article on page 2726

2563 Coexpression profiles reveal hidden gene networksKonstantina Chachlaki and Vincent Prevot

See companion article on page 2738

PNAS PLUS2566 Significance Statements

Brief statements written by the authors about the significance of their papers.

Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u March 8, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 10 u iii–vi

March 8, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 10

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES

2568 Invisible metallic meshDexin Ye, Ling Lu, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljaci�c,and Lixin Ran

CHEMISTRY

2573 Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C locationisomers: A shotgun lipidomics approach enabledby photochemical reactionXiaoxiao Ma, Leelyn Chong, Ran Tian, Riyi Shi, Tony Y. Hu,Zheng Ouyang, and Yu Xia

2579 Solar photothermochemical alkanereverse combustionWilaiwan Chanmanee, Mohammad Fakrul Islam, Brian H.Dennis, and Frederick M. MacDonnell

2585 Convective flow reversal in self-poweredenzyme micropumpsIsamar Ortiz-Rivera, Henry Shum, Arjun Agrawal, Ayusman Sen,and Anna C. Balazs

COMPUTER SCIENCES

2591 Parallel computation with molecular-motor-propelledagents in nanofabricated networksDan V. Nicolau Jr., Mercy Lard, Till Korten, Falco C. M. J. M.van Delft, Malin Persson, Elina Bengtsson, Alf Mansson,Stefan Diez, Heiner Linke, and Dan V. Nicolau

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

2597 Future sea level rise constrained by observationsand long-term commitmentMatthias Mengel, Anders Levermann, Katja Frieler, AlexanderRobinson, Ben Marzeion, and Ricarda Winkelmann

MATHEMATICS

2603 Riemann hypothesis for period polynomials ofmodular formsSeokho Jin, Wenjun Ma, Ken Ono, and Kannan Soundararajan

PHYSICS

2660 Contact inhibition of locomotion determines cell–celland cell–substrate forces in tissuesJuliane Zimmermann, Brian A. Camley, Wouter-Jan Rappel,and Herbert Levine

SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

2609 Intensification of phosphorus cycling in China sincethe 1600sXin Liu, Hu Sheng, Songyan Jiang, Zengwei Yuan, ChaoshengZhang, and James J. Elser

SOCIAL SCIENCES

ECONOMIC SCIENCES

2615 The effect of rights-based fisheries management onrisk taking and fishing safetyLisa Pfeiffer and Trevor Gratz

2621 Cognitive fatigue influences students’ performanceon standardized testsHans Henrik Sievertsen, Francesca Gino,and Marco Piovesan

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES

2625 Shame closely tracks the threat of devaluation byothers, even across culturesDaniel Sznycer, John Tooby, Leda Cosmides, Roni Porat,Shaul Shalvi, and Eran Halperin

2631 Core disgust is attenuated by ingroup relationsStephen D. Reicher, Anne Templeton, Fergus Neville,Lucienne Ferrari, and John Drury

2780 Delay discounting, genetic sensitivity, and leukocytetelomere lengthOnn-Siong Yim, Xing Zhang, Idan Shalev, Mikhail Monakhov,Songfa Zhong, Ming Hsu, Soo Hong Chew, Poh San Lai,and Richard P. Ebstein

SOCIAL SCIENCES

2636 Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluationusing naturalistic driving dataThomas A. Dingus, Feng Guo, Suzie Lee, Jonathan F. Antin,Miguel Perez, Mindy Buchanan-King, and Jonathan Hankey

SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

2597 Future sea level rise constrained by observationsand long-term commitmentMatthias Mengel, Anders Levermann, Katja Frieler, AlexanderRobinson, Ben Marzeion, and Ricarda Winkelmann

2615 The effect of rights-based fisheries management onrisk taking and fishing safetyLisa Pfeiffer and Trevor Gratz

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

BIOCHEMISTRY

E1334 ER stress stimulates production of the keyantimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin, by forminga previously unidentified intracellular S1Psignaling complexKyungho Park, Hiroko Ikushiro, Ho Seong Seo, Kyong-Oh Shin,Young il Kim, Jong Youl Kim, Yong-Moon Lee, Takato Yano,Walter M. Holleran, Peter Elias, and Yoshikazu Uchida

2573 Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C locationisomers: A shotgun lipidomics approach enabledby photochemical reactionXiaoxiao Ma, Leelyn Chong, Ran Tian, Riyi Shi, Tony Y. Hu,Zheng Ouyang, and Yu Xia

2642 Structure of an endogenous yeast 26S proteasomereveals two major conformational statesBai Luan (栾白), Xiuliang Huang (黄修良), Jianping Wu, ZiqingMei, Yiwei Wang, Xiaobin Xue, Chuangye Yan, Jiawei Wang,Daniel J. Finley, Yigong Shi (施一公), and Feng Wang (王丰)

2648 ATP binding by the P-loop NTPase OsYchF1 (anunconventional G protein) contributes to bioticbut not abiotic stress responsesMing-Yan Cheung, Xiaorong Li, Rui Miao, Yu-Hang Fong,Kwan-Pok Li, Yuk-Lin Yung, Mei-Hui Yu, Kam-Bo Wong,Zhongzhou Chen, and Hon-Ming Lam

BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

2591 Parallel computation with molecular-motor-propelledagents in nanofabricated networksDan V. Nicolau Jr., Mercy Lard, Till Korten, Falco C. M. J. M.van Delft, Malin Persson, Elina Bengtsson, Alf Mansson,Stefan Diez, Heiner Linke, and Dan V. Nicolau

2654 Role of bacteriophage T4 baseplate in regulatingassembly and infectionMoh Lan Yap, Thomas Klose, Fumio Arisaka, Jeffrey A. Speir,David Veesler, Andrei Fokine, and Michael G. Rossmann

iv u www.pnas.org Contents

CELL BIOLOGY

2660 Contact inhibition of locomotion determines cell–celland cell–substrate forces in tissuesJuliane Zimmermann, Brian A. Camley, Wouter-Jan Rappel,and Herbert Levine

2666 Regulation of seminiferous tubule-associated stemLeydig cells in adult rat testesXiaoheng Li, Zhao Wang, Zhenming Jiang, Jingjing Guo,Yuxi Zhang, Chenhao Li, Jinyong Chung, Janet Folmer,June Liu, Qingquan Lian, Renshan Ge, Barry R. Zirkin,and Haolin Chen

2672 Dynamics inside the cancer cell attractor revealcell heterogeneity, limits of stability,and escapeQin Li, Anders Wennborg, Erik Aurell, Erez Dekel, Jie-Zhi Zou,Yuting Xu, Sui Huang, and Ingemar Ernberg

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

E1343 Quantitative proteomic analyses of mammaryorganoids reveals distinct signatures afterexposure to environmental chemicalsKatherine E. Williams, George A. Lemieux, Maria E. Hassis,Adam B. Olshen, Susan J. Fisher, and Zena Werb

EVOLUTION

2678 Predictable allele frequency changes due to habitatfragmentation in the Glanville fritillary butterflyToby Fountain, Marko Nieminen, Jukka Siren,Swee Chong Wong, and Ilkka Hanski

2684 Sterol and genomic analyses validate the spongebiomarker hypothesisDavid A. Gold, Jonathan Grabenstatter, Alex de Mendoza,Ana Riesgo, Inaki Ruiz-Trillo, and Roger E. Summons

2690 Phylogenetically resolving epidemiologic linkageEthan O. Romero-Severson, Ingo Bulla, and Thomas Leitner

GENETICS

E1352 Rare recombination events generate sequencediversity among balancer chromosomes inDrosophila melanogasterDanny E. Miller, Kevin R. Cook, Nazanin Yeganeh Kazemi,Clarissa B. Smith, Alexandria J. Cockrell, R. Scott Hawley,and Casey M. Bergman

IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION

E1362 Differences in codon bias and GC content contributeto the balanced expression of TLR7 and TLR9Zachary R. Newman, Janet M. Young, Nicholas T. Ingolia,and Gregory M. Barton

2696 Contraction of the type I IFN locus and unusualconstitutive expression of IFN-α in batsPeng Zhou, Mary Tachedjian, James W. Wynne,Victoria Boyd, Jie Cui, Ina Smith, Christopher Cowled,Justin H. J. Ng, Lawrence Mok, Wojtek P. Michalski,Ian H. Mendenhall, Gilda Tachedjian, Lin-Fa Wang,and Michelle L. Baker

2702 CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinalcenter activityColin Havenar-Daughton, Madelene Lindqvist, Antje Heit,Jennifer E. Wu, Samantha M. Reiss, Kayla Kendric,Simon Belanger, Sudhir Pai Kasturi, Elise Landais,Rama S. Akondy, Helen M. McGuire, Marcella Bothwell,Parsia A. Vagefi, Eileen Scully, IAVI Protocol C PrincipalInvestigators, Georgia D. Tomaras, Mark M. Davis,Pascal Poignard, Rafi Ahmed, Bruce D. Walker, BaliPulendran, M. Juliana McElrath, Daniel E. Kaufmann,and Shane Crotty

MEDICAL SCIENCES

2708 Brown adipose tissue transplantation amelioratespolycystic ovary syndromeXiaoxue Yuan, Tao Hu, Han Zhao, Yuanyuan Huang, Rongcai Ye,Jun Lin, Chuanhai Zhang, Hanlin Zhang, Gang Wei, HuiqiaoZhou, Meng Dong, Jun Zhao, Haibin Wang, Qingsong Liu,Hyuek Jong Lee, Wanzhu Jin, and Zi-Jiang Chen

MICROBIOLOGY

2714 Expression of factor H binding protein inmeningococcal strains can vary at least15-fold and is genetically determinedMassimiliano Biagini, Marco Spinsanti, Gabriella De Angelis,Sara Tomei, Ilaria Ferlenghi, Maria Scarselli, Fabio Rigat,Nicola Messuti, Alessia Biolchi, Alessandro Muzzi, GiuliaAnderloni, Brunella Brunelli, Elena Cartocci, FrancescaBuricchi, Chiara Tani, Maria Stella, Monica Moschioni,Elena Del Tordello, Annalisa Colaprico, Silvana Savino,Marzia M. Giuliani, Isabel Delany, Mariagrazia Pizza,Paolo Costantino, Nathalie Norais, Rino Rappuoli,and Vega Masignani

2720 Identification of a novel cell death-inducing domainreveals that fungal amyloid-controlled programmedcell death is related to necroptosisAsen Daskalov, Birgit Habenstein, Raimon Sabate,Melanie Berbon, Denis Martinez, Stephane Chaignepain,Benedicte Coulary-Salin, Kay Hofmann, Antoine Loquet,and Sven J. Saupe

NEUROSCIENCE

E1372 Emergence of functional subnetworks in layer2/3 cortex induced by sequential spikes in vivoTaekeun Kim, Won Chan Oh, Joon Ho Choi,and Hyung-Bae Kwon

E1382 Presynaptic serotonin 2A receptors modulatethalamocortical plasticity and associative learningAlexander Barre, Coralie Berthoux, Dimitri De Bundel,Emmanuel Valjent, Joel Bockaert, Philippe Marin,and Carine Becamel

E1392 Contrasting responses within a single neuronclass enable sex-specific attraction inCaenorhabditis elegansAnushaNarayan, Vivek Venkatachalam,Omer Durak, Douglas K.Reilly, Neelanjan Bose, Frank C. Schroeder, Aravinthan D. T.Samuel, Jagan Srinivasan, and Paul W. Sternberg

2726 In vivo imaging identifies temporal signature of D1 andD2 medium spiny neurons in cocaine rewardErin S. Calipari, Rosemary C. Bagot, Immanuel Purushothaman,Thomas J. Davidson, Jordan T. Yorgason, Catherine J. Pena,Deena M. Walker, Stephen T. Pirpinias, Kevin G. Guise,Charu Ramakrishnan, Karl Deisseroth, and Eric J. Nestler

See Commentary on page 2560

2732 Rhythmic expression of cryptochrome induces thecircadian clock of arrhythmic suprachiasmatic nucleithrough arginine vasopressin signalingMathew D. Edwards, Marco Brancaccio, Johanna E. Chesham,Elizabeth S. Maywood, and Michael H. Hastings

2738 Genome-wide coexpression of steroid receptors in themouse brain: Identifying signaling pathways andfunctionally coordinated regionsAhmed Mahfouz, Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt, Aldo Grefhorst,Lisa T. C. M. van Weert, Isabel M. Mol, Hetty C. M. Sips,Jose K. van den Heuvel, Nicole A. Datson, Jenny A. Visser,Marcel J. T. Reinders, and Onno C. Meijer

See Commentary on page 2563

2744 Atoms of recognition in human and computer visionShimon Ullman, Liav Assif, Ethan Fetaya,and Daniel Harari

Contents PNAS u March 8, 2016 u vol. 113 u no. 10 u v

2750 Rehabilitation drives enhancement of neuronalstructure in functionally relevant neuronal subsetsLing Wang, James M. Conner, Alan H. Nagahara,and Mark H. Tuszynski

2756 Early doors (Edo) mutant mouse reveals the importanceof period 2 (PER2) PAS domain structure forcircadian pacemakingStefania Militi, Elizabeth S. Maywood, Colby R. Sandate,Johanna E. Chesham, Alun R. Barnard, Michael J. Parsons,Jennifer L. Vibert, Greg M. Joynson, Carrie L. Partch,Michael H. Hastings, and Patrick M. Nolan

PHYSIOLOGY

E1402 Circadian misalignment increases cardiovasculardisease risk factors in humansChristopher J. Morris, Taylor E. Purvis, Kun Hu,and Frank A. J. L. Scheer

See Commentary on page 2558

2762 Junctophilin-4, a component of the endoplasmicreticulum–plasma membrane junctions, regulatesCa2+ dynamics in T cellsJin Seok Woo, Sonal Srikanth, Miyuki Nishi, Peipei Ping,Hiroshi Takeshima, and Yousang Gwack

PLANT BIOLOGY

2768 ROTUNDA3 function in plant development byphosphatase 2A-mediated regulation ofauxin transporter recyclingMichael Karampelias, Pia Neyt, Steven DeGroeve, Stijn Aesaert,Griet Coussens, Jakub Rolcık, Leonardo Bruno, Nancy DeWinne, Annemie Van Minnebruggen, Marc Van Montagu,Marıa Rosa Ponce, Jose Luis Micol, Ji�r ı Friml, Geert De Jaeger,and Mieke Van Lijsebettens

2774 Tetratricopeptide repeat protein protectsphotosystem I from oxidative disruptionduring assemblyMark Heinnickel, Rick G. Kim, Tyler M. Wittkopp, WenqiangYang, Karim A. Walters, Stephen K. Herbert,and Arthur R. Grossman

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES

2780 Delay discounting, genetic sensitivity, and leukocytetelomere lengthOnn-Siong Yim, Xing Zhang, Idan Shalev, Mikhail Monakhov,Songfa Zhong, Ming Hsu, Soo Hong Chew, Poh San Lai,and Richard P. Ebstein

2786 Clocking the social mind by identifying mentalprocesses in the IAT with electrical neuroimagingBastian Schiller, Lorena R. R. Gianotti, Thomas Baumgartner,Kyle Nash, Thomas Koenig, and Daria Knoch

CORRECTIONS (ONLINE ONLY)

CHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY

E1412 Small fluorescence-activating and absorption-shiftingtag for tunable protein imaging in vivoMarie-Aude Plamont, Emmanuelle Billon-Denis, Sylvie Maurin,Carole Gauron, FredericoM. Pimenta, Christian G. Specht, Jian Shi,Jerome Querard, Buyan Pan, Julien Rossignol, Nelly Morellet,Michel Volovitch, Ewen Lescop, Yong Chen, Antoine Triller, SophieVriz, Thomas Le Saux, Ludovic Jullien, and Arnaud Gautier

BIOCHEMISTRY

E1413 Competition and allostery govern substrate selectivityof cyclooxygenase-2Michelle M. Mitchener, Daniel J. Hermanson, Erin M. Shockley,H. Alex Brown, Craig W. Lindsley, Jeff Reese, Carol A.Rouzer, Carlos F. Lopez, and Lawrence J. Marnett

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

E1414 Distinct macrophage lineages contribute to disparatepatterns of cardiac recovery and remodeling in theneonatal and adult heartKory J. Lavine, Slava Epelman, Keita Uchida, Kassandra J.Weber, Colin G. Nichols, Joel D. Schilling, David M. Ornitz,Gwendalyn J. Randolph, and Douglas L. Mann

GENETICS

E1415 Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector ofChagas disease, reveals unique adaptations tohematophagy and parasite infectionRafael D. Mesquita, Raquel J. Vionette-Amaral, CarlLowenberger, Rolando Rivera-Pomar, Fernando A. Monteiro,Patrick Minx, John Spieth, A. Bernardo Carvalho, FranciscoPanzera, Daniel Lawson, Andre Q. Torres, Jose M. C. Ribeiro,Marcos H. F. Sorgine, Robert M. Waterhouse, Michael J.Montague, Fernando Abad-Franch, Michele Alves-Bezerra,Laurence R. Amaral, Helena M. Araujo, Ricardo N. Araujo,L. Aravind, Georgia C. Atella, Patricia Azambuja, MateusBerni, Paula R. Bittencourt-Cunha, Gloria R. C. Braz, GustavoCalderon-Fernandez, Claudia M. A. Carareto, Mikkel B.Christensen, Igor R. Costa, Samara G. Costa, Marilvia Dansa,Carlos R. O. Daumas-Filho, Iron F. De-Paula, Felipe A.Dias, George Dimopoulos, Scott J. Emrich, NataliaEsponda-Behrens, Patricia Fampa, Rita D. Fernandez-Medina,Rodrigo N. da Fonseca, Marcio Fontenele, CatrinaFronick, Lucinda A. Fulton, Ana Caroline Gandara, Eloi S.Garcia, Fernando A. Genta, Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderon,Bruno Gomes, Katia C. Gondim, Adriana Granzotto,Alessandra A. Guarneri, Roderic Guigo, Myriam Harry,Daniel S. T. Hughes, Willy Jablonka, EmmanuelleJacquin-Joly, M. Patricia Juarez, Leonardo B. Koerich,Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis, Andres Lavore, Gena G.Lawrence, Cristiano Lazoski, Claudio R. Lazzari, Raphael R.Lopes, Marcelo G. Lorenzo, Magda D. Lugon, DavidMajerowicz, Paula L. Marcet, Marco Mariotti, HatisaburoMasuda, Karine Megy, Ana C. A. Melo, Fanis Missirlis,Theo Mota, Fernando G. Noriega, Marcela Nouzova,Rodrigo D. Nunes, Raquel L. L. Oliveira, GilbertOliveira-Silveira, Sheila Ons, Lucia Pagola, Gabriela O.Paiva-Silva, Agustina Pascual, Marcio G. Pavan, NicolasPedrini, Alexandre A. Peixoto, Marcos H. Pereira, AndrewPike, Carla Polycarpo, Francisco Prosdocimi, RodrigoRibeiro-Rodrigues, Hugh M. Robertson, Ana PaulaSalerno, Didier Salmon, Didac Santesmasses, RenataSchama, Eloy S. Seabra-Junior, Livia Silva-Cardoso,Mario A. C. Silva-Neto, Matheus Souza-Gomes, MarcosSterkel, Mabel L. Taracena, Marta Tojo, Zhijian Jake Tu,Jose M. C. Tubio, Raul Ursic-Bedoya, Thiago M. Venancio,Ana Beatriz Walter-Nuno, Derek Wilson, Wesley C. Warren,Richard K. Wilson, Erwin Huebner, Ellen M. Dotson,and Pedro L. Oliveira

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