2010ISBN: 978-960-337-091-8

Copyright 2010 , , ( 3 . 2121/1993).

, , .

, , .

, 1956 , . , . . 1981 2000 - . -.

, . , .

, , , . . 61228/5031, 9 1966, , .

, : ) 30 (1967 1979). ) ( - ) 54 (1979 2001).

, , , .

, , , .

. . 2111. 1/2/99/28-05-1999 ( 1168/14-6-99) -, ... . 3611.2/05/05/16-12-2005 ( 1942 /30-12-2005 169 /13-02-2006), ....

27 .

, . , .

, , .

, , . , . . , .. (..). , .., . . . ..... . . , . . , .

E . , - .. (..), .

. (1955-1959) , . (1957-1970) , . (1955-1983) , . (1955-1984) . . , . (1970-2003) . , . (1958) /, . (1959-1966) /, / . ., . . (1967-1969) , / . ., . (1967-1969) , . (1969-1971) - ., / . ., . (1971-1972) .., / . ., . (1972-1974) .., / . ., . (1974-1977) - .., / . ., . (1977) .., / . ., . (1977-1979) .., / . ., . (1979-1981) . ., / . ., . (1981-1982) .., / . ., . (1982-1984) .., / . ., . . (-2008) . (1984-1986) .., / . ., . (1986-1988) .., / . ., . - (1988-1989) .., / . ., . (1989) .., / . ., . (1989-1992) .., / . ., . (1992-1993) .., / . ., . (1993-1994) .., / . ., . - (1994-1995) .., . (1995-1996) .., / . ., . (1996-1998) .., / . ., . (1998-2000) .., / . ., . (2000-2001) .., / . ., . (2001) .., / . ., . (2001-2003) .., / . ., . (2003-2004) .., / . ., . (2003-2004) .., / . ., . (2004-2005) .., / . ., . (2005-2008) .., / . ., . (2008-2009) .., / . ., . (2009-20011) .., / . ..

2010

I

. .. (.) -/ ()

- , - , . - .

, - . - , , , -, , .

, , , , .

- , , - , , . .

- , - , , , - .

1.1 .

, , , , , .

.

- .

1.2 .

(. 1.2).

x, y z (longitudi-nal), (transverse) (vertical). , , , , .. - . .

:1) x-z (longi-

tudinal planes). x-z ( ) - (longitudinal plane of symmetry).

2) z-y (trans-verse planes) .

3) x-y (hori-zontal planes) (waterplanes) (. 1.2).

(.. , ) - .

:

. 1.2. .

zy

xO

:

1.

10

1) , .

2) -, (. 1.5).

3) (. 1.5).

( -) .

1.3 .

1.3 . (hull) (shell) , . , . - (decks), (superstructures), . , , , , , ' . (transverse frames).

H (keel) . , (flat keel).

. 1.3. .

. 1.2. .

11

1.4 .

H (molded surface) .

, . , , .

, , .

(molded dimensions) . , , , ...

1.5 .

1.5 - ( ) . (. ) . , , .

1.5 - . . :

1) (perpendiculars). . , (forward perpendicular, FP). H (after perpendicular, ) . , , .

2) (designed waterline, DWL). H , , .

3) (length between perpendiculars, LP). H m ft.

4) (length on the water line, LWL). To m ft.

5) (length overall, LOA). m ft.6) (midship). . H

(midship section). .

7) (basic line). , , . H (base line).

8) (sheer). . m ft.

1.5, , a :

1) (mounlded draft).

12

L

BP

LW

L

L

LB

P/2

L

OS/

2L

BP

/2

LO

S/2

(

P)

(F

P)

(DW

L)

(F

lare

)

(Tum

bleh

ome)

(DW

L)

.

1.5

.

.

13

2) . - .

3) (depth or height). H , .

4) (camber). . - , ( ). 1/50 .

5) (beam or breadth). . m ft .

1.5 (rise of floor), - (tumblehome ) (flare). .

1.5 . . , (forward draft), (after draft), . (mean draft), , , .

H (trim). , (trim by stern). o (trim by bow).

(.. -, ).

1.6 .

.

1) (light ship). , , , , , , . () (LT).

2) (light waterline, LWL). H .3) (auxiliary spaces).

.4) (wetted surface). H

( ). m2 ft2 .

5) (loadline). , .

6) (tanks). (, - ) .

7) (cargo tanks). (-, ..).

8) (ballast tanks). . ( ) .

9) (dimensions). ()

14

. H .

10) (displacement). ( ) . .

11) (light ship displacement). . 12) (full load displacement). -

.13) (living quarters). -

. .14) (free board portion). .15) (generator room). ,

. , .

16) (waterlinezone). .

17) (admeasurement). (. . 37).

18) (center of gravity). - , .

19) (center of volume center of buoancy). . , .

20) (draft scales). ( ), . - .

21) (holds). ().22) (boiler room). , .23) (engine room). ,

.24) (volume of displacement). O .25) (parallel middle body). ,

.26) (bulwark). ,

.27) .

.28) (sternpost). .29) (stem post). .30) (form coefficients). -

, .

31) (coordinates of center of gravity). , .

32) (coordinates of center of buoancy). , - .

33) (superstructure). , .

34) (deck erection).

15

.35) (underwaterbody). -

.36) (bulkheads). ()

. .37) (tonnage).

, . (1 2,83 m3) .

1.7 .

(lines plan) .

, , . :

1) (sheer plan) .2) (half breadth plan) .3) (body plan) . ,

, , (. 1.7). .

. 1.7. .

16

A

A

01

1/2

23

45

67

89

1091

/2

01/

21

23

45

67

89

10

F P

A P

IVII

III

I

()

()

V IV III II I

V IV

IVI

II

III II I

(

)

6,5

4,5

89

01/

21 2 3

9 1

2

7

IVII

III I

.

1.7

.

.

(st

atio

ns).

,

-

,

.

2.1 .

, . 2.1() , . , . .

2.1() , ' -. , - .

O -, :

= () () (1)

, - .

H 2.1()

. 2.1. .

()

()

()

2.

18

. ms s , m :

= s

s

m m

(2)

(kg) , (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) .

, (1) - ' .

.

H (1) :

= () ( ) (3)

, . 9,81 m/sec2 32,2 ft/sec2.

, . - (), o ().

, 2.1() - .

(lb), 1/2,2046 kg.

- , SI. :

1) SI. SI N (Newton) kp (kilopond). o (tf ) 1000 kp.

2) . Ibf ( ). o (british long ton) 1016 kp 2240 lbf british tf LT.

H :

1 = 1,016

, british short ton 2000 Ibf.

2, -.

2.2 .

. ( )

19

, kg/m3 lb/ft3.

- SI newton/m3 ( N/m3).

newton SI m/sec2 kg.

kp/m3 (- ) kg/m3. , lbf/ft3 lb/ft3.

, , :1) . o ,

(tf/m3) (MT/m3).2) . o long ,

(british tf/ft3) (LT/ft3). , , :

= ( ) ( ) (4)

= ( ) () (5)

- (relative density), 1000 kg/m3. 1 MT/m3, 1025 kg/m3 1,025 MT/m3.

1.

100 . () 0,84 2% , - .

:

V0 = (100 MT) (1 m3/MT) = 100 m3

(1002) %, 98%, :

V1 = 100 0,98 = 98 m3

:

W1 =(98 m3) (0,84 MT/m3) = 82,32

2.

120 . 0,91 , 3% , .

:

V0 = (120 MT)/(1,025 MT/m3) = 117 m3

(1003)%, 97%, :

V1 = 117 0,97 = 113,49 m3

20

:

W1 =( 113,49 m3) (0,91 MT/m3) = 103,27

3.

6 m 4 m 0,89 2,5 m. .

2,5 m :

V1 = 6 4 2,5 = 60 m3

:

W1 =(60 m3) (0,89 MT/m3) = 53,4

2.2.1 .

, , . -, , .

, - (. 2.2):

1) (sounding tube). ( 37 mm) , , - .

2) (sounding). 150 150 mm 12 mm, ( ) .

3) (ullage). - ( ), .

- 1.

2.3 .

(stowage factorSF).

. 2.2. .

(ullage)

(sounding)

(hatch)

21

o .

-. .. , - ( ), . o , , (. ).

, o .

O (m3/MT) (ft3/LT).

SF (stowage factor) , :

= ( )/SF (6)

= ( ) SF (7)

H , , :

3 2m ft1 35,88

MT LT =

(8)

2.3.1 - .

1.

75 m3. diesel - 95%;

O , 2.3.1, 1,19. :

=

33

1 MT(0,95) (75 m ) 59,87 MT1,19 m

=

2.3.1 .

SF

kg/m3 lb/ft3 m3/MT ft3/LT

1000 62,4 1,0 35,9

( )

1025 64,0 0,975 35

947 59,1 1,05 37,8

diesel 841 52,5 1,19 42,6

X () 7689 480,0 0,13 4,7

1,293 0,0807 774,775 27800

22

2.

20 ft, 10 ft 12 ft. , , , 80% 20% . ;

ft3 0,8 ft3 0,2 ft3 . ft3 :

33

1 LT0,8 ft 0,1702 LT4,7 ft

=

o :

3 31 ft ftSF 5,8754 0,1702 LT LT

= =

:

= ( )/SF = 1(20 10 12) 408,482 LT5,8754

=

3.

, , 45 . o ft3;

(3) :

45 44,29 LT1,016

= =

O , 2.3.1 37,8 ft3/LT., (7) :

= (44,29 LT) (37,8 ft3/LT) = 1674,16 ft3

2.4 H .

, , . 1000 kg/m3 1025 kg/m3 .

, . 1007 1035 kg/m3.

, - , . , - . .

H o .

23

1.

() 150 m3 5,5 m 4 m. .

2.3.1 1025 kg/m3.,

:

= (150 m3) (1025 kg/m3)/1000 = 153,75 tn

, 4 m . :

4 m = (4/5,5) 153,75 = 118,82 tn

2.

6 1 0,3 m.

: = 6 1 0,3 = 1,8 m3

2.3.1 7689 kg/m3 7,689 tn/m3.

: = 1,8 7,689 = 13,84 tn

3.

20 10 5 ft . LT MT.

ft3 :

= 20 10 5=1000 ft3

2.3.1 35,9 ft3/LT. :

= 1000 ft3 (1/35,9 LT/ft3)=27,85 LT

1 LT = 1,016 MT :

= 27,85 1,016 = 28,29 MT

4.

1,03, - 3.

:

= 27,85 1,035 = 28,82 LT

24

:

= 28,29 1,035 = 29,28 MT

.

1. 8 m, 22 m 8 m 0,84 MT/m3. 1,5 m.

2. , , 120 MT . - 0,88 MT/m3 , 95% .

3. 24 ft 20 ft. ( LT) 8 ft . (MT) 3 m.

3.1 .

:

1) .2) . O (

).3) . H -

.4) . -

:) .) .) , .) , . 3.1 ( AB

) . , B, E ( ), B .

3.2 .

:1) H .

.2) H

, - ( -, - ).

3) ' , - , , - - . . 3.2.

1OF

2OF

-

. 3.1. .

A B E

1

. 3.2. .

F1

F2

R

O

3. -

26

OR

. H OR

OF1 OF2 ( OR).

4) , .5) .

3.3 .

, , - .

, . .

1) (. 3.3).

1F

2F

(R)

, , .

OR :

2

1

F F

= (9)

l , :

2 2

1 2

F FF F R

= =+l

(10)

2) (. 3.3).

H 1F

2F

R . (9) :

1 1

2 1

F FbF F R

= =l

(11)

( ) - ( ) , , - .

1.

-. 100 150 . .

, .

: = 100 + 150 = 250

2.

. 3.3. .

1 2

l

F1

R

F2

. 3.3.

.

R

F1

F2

O1 O2 O

l

27

3.4 .

(.. ) - . H (. 3.4). H , .

.

200 30 . - , , .

3.4 200 .

:

= 200 (30) = = 200 0,866 = 173,2

150 , o 100 . .

.:

= 150 100 = 50

3.

10 , , () - 2 . o 5 .

, . 5 10 = 50 5 2 = 10 .

51 11 49' .

- 3.3.

. 3.3.

51

50

11 49'

. 3.4. .

30

200 N

100 N

~70 N

28

= 200 (30) = 200 0,5 = 100

.

1. 20 30 , , , 3.4. , - .

2. 25 30 , , , 3.4. , - .

3. - () - . GPS 6 45. , ;

3.5 .

O .

3.5 . o , , - . , F , (R) (T), .

. -

. kp/m ( lbf/ft ) SI N/m.

3.5 Varrignon:

.

.

, 200 200 3.5. ;

:

. 3.4.

20 N 30 N

2 m 2 m 1 m

. 3.4.

25 N

30 N

A

3 m 2 m

N

T

FR

. 3.5. .

29

= 200 3 + 200 5 = 1600 N/m

, 400 N 4 m :

P = 400 4 = 1600 N/m

3.6 .

.

[ (11) 0].

' , .

.

3.7 .

, ' , , . H .

, .

.

-, , , .

( ), :

, - .

200 N 200 N

AO B

3 m

4 m

2 m

400

. 3.5. .

30

, Rx, Ry, Rz , y, z , :

Rx = Ry = Rz = 0 (12) Mx = My = Mz = 0 (13)

3.8 .

3.8 F1, F2, F3... Fn, . 1, 2, 3... Oy.

(12) :

1 2 n ii

R F F ... F F= + + = (14) O :

+ + = R 1 1 2 2 n n i ii

R x = F x F x ... F x F x (15)

(14) (15) :

i i

iR

ii

F x

xF

= =

(16)

H (16) O . (.. ).

. 3.8. .

y

F1

F2

F3

Fn

F4

x2

xR

xO

x1

R

31

.

3.8 :

X(m) F()

F1 1,0 50

F2 4,0 60

F3 5,0 20

F4 7,0 80

Fn 10 90

:

R = 50 + 60 + 20 80 +90 = 140

:

= (1,0) (50) + (4,0) (60) + (5,0) (20) (7,0) (80) + (10,0) (90) = 730 /m

:

R = ( )/() = (730)/(140) = 5,21 m

3.9 .

.

, dW (. 3.9). - F1 F2 .

. 3.9. .

dw

xG

x

x

O

y

F2

F1 W

32

H - . H y (16).

90 .

H , G, yG zG, .

3.10 .

(.. ).

, . , . 3.10.

. , .

3.10, , .

H G1G2 - :

. 3.10. .

A A

G G

A A

. 3.10. .

. 3.10. .

b

G1

G2

G

t

23

hh

G

33

2

1

1

2

GG t GG ( b t ) t b t

= = =

. - 2/3 . 3.10.

.

() 3.10.

. 3.10. .

1,5 m Gy = 1,083 m

1 m

y

A x

G1

G2

G

0,5 m

0,5 m

0,25 m

1 m

2 m

Gx = 0,666 m

. 3.10.

10 N 20 N

1 m 3,5 m0,5 m

xy 2 0,5 = 1 m2 G1 0,25 m x 1 m y 2 1 = 2 m2 G2 1,5 m x 0,5 m y.

G , :

Gy = ( x)/( ) == (1 0,25 + 2 1,5)/(1 + 2) = 3,25/3 = 1,083 m

Gx = ( y)/( ) =

= (1 1+2 0,5)/(1 + 2) = 2/3 = 0,666 m

.

1. ( ) 5 m 3.10

34

. ;

2. ( ) 6 m 3.10 . 20 25 , . 15 , ;

20 N

1,5 m 3,0 m 1,5 m

25 N

. 3.10.

4.1 .

, , , (.. ).

, , , . - , , , , , .

- . - .

4.2 .

:

1) .2) x y '"

y'y" (. 4.2).3) ( ) x Oy -

'" y'y".4) . -

. 4.2. .

xG

yG

b

h

Gx'

xy'

y

O

x''

y''

4.

36

(. 4.2):

= = () ( ) = b h (17)

2

bhh ( )2 2

= = =

(18)

y

y

b b ( ) bh 2 2

= = + = + (19)

yG

2x 2

G

bbh M 2 bx A bh 2

bhM hyA bh 2

+ = = = +

= = =

(20)

(21)

3

bh

3

= =

(22)

3

x

x'x''bh12

= =

(23)

3

yy

y'y''b h12

= =

(24)

2y yy G

Oy I Ax

= = +

(25)

H Steiner , - . [H (25) (20) (21) ].

- , 1 2 (. 4.2).

, y dx ( ), dA:

E = dA = (y) dx (26)

= = = =

2

x y y y

dM dA ydx dx2 2 2 Ox

(27)

= = = =

y

dM dA x ydx x ( yx )dx Oy

(28)

37

= = =

3 3

x

Ox

y ydI dx dx

3 3 (29)

= = = =

2 2 2y

OydI ( dA )x ydx x ( yx )dx (30)

- .

4.3 () .

4.3 - xOy zOy.

. 4.2. .

yG

G

2dx

1O

y 2/

x

x

y

G

dA

d

xO

y

z

. 4.3. .

38

, .

zy - + dx , :

x

d V Adx

= =

(31)

zy

dM xd V Ax dx zOy

= = =

(32)

zyV

M X

zOy V

= =

(33)

, .

, .

4.4 .

H 4.2 - (26) (30). , . H -, , , .

1) .

O . , 4.4 :

1 2

= 2

+ (34)

4.4 , :

612 3 5

YYA Y Y Y

2 2

= + + + +

(35)

, .

1.

-

. 4.4. .

1

2

1 2 3 4 5 6

. 4.4.

.

39

- b h.

- b h.

- , 4.4 (35) , b/2 1, 2 3 h.

:

= (b/2) (h/2 + h + h/2) = = (b/2) (2h) = b h

(. 4.4) b/4.

(35) - :

= (b/4) (h/2 + h + h + h + + h/2) = (b/4) (4h) = b h

2.

- b h.

b h/2.

- , 4.4 (35) , b/2 1, 2 3 h, h/2 0 .

:

= (b/2) (h/2 + h/2 + 0) = = (b/2) (h) = b h/2

3.

- S 4.4, .

1 2 -, .

3

. 4.4.

b

h

b/2 b/2

. 4.4.

h

b

b/4 b/4 b/4 b/4

. 4.4.

h

h2

b

b/2 b/2

. 4.4.

h=1,1 m h=1,1 m

1=1,30 m 2=2 m 3=2,10 m

S

40

, - .

(35) 1 1,3 m, 2 2 m, 3 2,10 m 1,1 m.

:

= () (1/2 + 2+ 3/2 ) = 1,1 (1,30/2 + 2 + 2,1/2 ) = 1,1 3,70 = 4,07 m2

4.4 ( ) . .

.

2) Simpson.

o (. 4.4).

:

1 2 3A ( Y 4 Y Y )3

= + + (36)

, (36) Simpson - , 4.4:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A ( Y 4 Y 2 Y 4 Y 2 Y 4 Y Y )3

= + + + + + + (37)

Sim pson . 1 4 2 . . , , 2 1.

4.

S 4.4 Simpson.

(36) 1 1,3 m, 2 2 m, 3 2,10 m 1,1 m.

:

= (/3) (1 + 4 2 + 3) = (1,1/3) ( 1,30 + 4 2 + 2,1) = 0,366 11,4 = 4,17 m2

.

3) Simpson.

O 3 + 1 n = 1, 2, 3 ...

, n = 1, , :

41

1 2 3 43A ( Y 3 Y 3 Y Y )8

= + + + (38)

4.4 n = 2 (7 ) o :

1 2 3 4 5 6 73A ( Y 3 Y 3 Y 2 Y 3 Y 3 Y Y )8

= + + + + + + (39)

Simpson - 1 3, 3, 2 . 3/8 . , , 2 1.

(26) , ydx.

, Y 2/2 [ (27)], - . 2 [ (30)] Oy. (26) (30).

Simpson 4.4 Oy :

y 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 73M [( X Y ) 3( X Y ) 3( X Y ) 2( X Y ) 3( X Y ) 3( X Y ) ( X Y )]8

= + + + + + +

. 4.4. Simpson .

1 2 3

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

F3 F2F1

O

y

. 4.4. Simpson .

42

1 2 .. , 1, 2 .. .

5.

( , ) 4.4 Simpson. ( ).

(39), 1,0 m.

:

= (3/8) (1 +3 2 + 3 3 + 2 4 + 3 5 + 3 6 +7) == (3/8) (4 + 3 4,4 + 3 4,7 + 2 5,0 + 3 5,2 + 3 5,6 + 6) == (3/8) (79,7) = 29,88 m2

4.4 , . 59,77 m2.

6.

.

, , y.

Simpson, - 4.4 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 m.

:

y = (3/8) (0 1 + 1 3 2 + 2 3 3 + 3 2 4 + 4 3 5 + 5 3 6 + 6 7) = (3/8) (0 + 1 3 4,4 + 2 3 4,7 + + 3 2 5,0 + 4 3 5,2 +5 3 5,6 + 6 6) = (3/8) (253,8) = = 95,175 m3

4.4 , . , 190,35 m3 G :

OG = (190,35) / (59,77) = 3,184 m

. 4.4.

3,184 m

z

y

6 m

5,60 m

5,0 m

4,7 m

4,4 m

4 m

5,20 m

G

CL

= 1 m

43

.

, , , .

4.5 .

[.. (31) (32)]. , Y1, 2 3 4.4 1, 2 3, (31):

1 2 3

V [ A 4 A A ]3

= + +

zOy:

zy 1 1 2 2 3 3

M [ A X 4 A X A X ]3

= + +

Simpson.

4.6 .

2 , SI, - .

:

1) .

(m) (cm), (m2) (m3). - (m3) / (m4).

(knot) 1852 m/hr. (MT). (register ton) ,

register tonnage tonnage. - .

() 100 ft3.

2) .

, (foot, ft) - [(in), 1 ft= 12 in], (ft2) (ft3). (ft3) / (ft4).

. long ton (LT).

.

1. , 100 m, , m: 0,2, 7,0, 9,0, 10,2, 10,4, 10,2, 9,8, 8,6 0,2. , Simpson

44

. 2. , m2,

' , : 100, 400, 800, 1400, 1700, 1900 2000. Simpson.

5.1 .

M 4.4 4.5, - . , , - .

, - . H , , - .

, , (- ) , . , 5.2, Simpson, () Simpson .

5.2 .

, , , , :

1) .2) H .3) ( )

. 5.2 () -

. 5.2. .

G

0 1

1 1

2

2 2 2

2 2

3 4

4 4 4

CF 5 6 7 8 9 1012

12

12

12

12

12

9

1/2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89

109 1

2

4/2 /2 /2/2

0,5 0,51,5 1,52 4 4 4 42 2 2 2

{

x

y

Y0

5.

46

.

( ) 0 10. - Simpson ( ), , , ( . . 4.4). .

. o -, - 4.2 5.2. :

() (26) y = =1 2S 23 3

(y) y

(28) yx = =2

2 2S 23 3

()

(29)3 y

3= =3

21S 23 3 9

y (y)

(30) yx2 = =3

24

2S 23 3

.

Si (S1, S2,... Sn) 4.2, /3 Simpson x, x 2 .

, Iy, S4, - Simpson /3, 2 ( x2), 2. :

S4 = (/3) 2 2

Ix, 1/3 ( x) S3 :

S3 = (/3) (1/3) 2

.

5.2. 10,4 m 2 5.2.1 m. 104 m.

47

2 5.2.1 1, 2, 3 4. -:

1

2 22

3

33

4

2 2S (10,4 ) 6,9333 32 2S (10,4 ) 72,1063 32 2S (10,4 ) 2,3119 9

2 2S (10,4 ) 749,913 3

= = =

= = =

= = =

= = =

:

= = S1 1 = 6,933 203,731 = 1412,467 m2

= = = =

3y 2 2

OyM S 72,106 919,14 66275,5m

= = = =

4y 3 3

O S ( 2,311)(14452,405 ) 33399m

5.2.1 .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-

Simpson

=

(2) (3)

y = (4) (1)

3 = (2)3

= (3) (6)

y = (1) (5)

0

(0,5)1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9 (9,5)10

1,531

3,871

5,705

8,073

9,280

9,804

9,839

9,475

7,583

4,613

1,963

1,070

0,638

0,5

2,0

1,5

4,0

2,0

4,0

2,0

4,0

2,0

4,0

1,5

2,0

0,5

0,765

7,742

8,557

32,292

18,560

39,216

19,678

37,900

15,166

18,452

2,944

2,140

0,319

0,000

3,871

8,557

64,584

55,680

156,864

98,390

227,400

106,162

147,616

26,496

20,330

3,190

3,588

58,005

185,680

526,144

799,178

942,345

951,312

850,624

436,036

98,163

7,564

1,225

0,259

1,794

116,010

278,520

2104,576

1598,356

3769,380

1902,624

3405,496

872,072

392,652

11,346

2,450

0,129

0,000

1,935

8,557

129,168

167,040

627,456

491,95

1364,40

743,134

1180,928

238,464

193,135

30,190

1 = 203,731 2 = 919,14 3 = 14,452,405 4 = 5176,357

48

= = = =

4y 4 3

Oy S (749,91)( 5176,357 ) 3881802m

H (20):

yG

M 66275,5x 46,92 m

A 1412,467= = =

, yG . (25):

= = =2 2 4yy y GI I A x 3881802 (1412,467 )( 46,92 ) 772275 m

, , , , . CF (center of flotation).

-.

5.3 .

. .

(station). 4.4.

5.4 .

H , (31), (32) (33), .

5.2. . 46 :

( V ) (31) 51S 3

=

zOy (Mzg)

(32) 261 1S 3 3

= =

.

o 5 m. H 10,4 m m2 2 5.4.1. 104 m.

2 5.4.1 - 5 6. :

49

51 1S (10,4 ) 3,4663 3

= = =

2 26

1 1S (10,4 ) 36,0533 3

= = =

:

3

5 6 V S ( 3,466 )(1570,972 ) 5445 m= = = =

= = = =

4zy 6 6

M S ( 36,053 )(7386,18 ) 266313 m

zOy

H VX (33):

V

266313X 48,911 m5445

= =

.

5.5 .

. H ( ) .

5.4.1 .

1 2 3 4 5

() m2

Simpson

= (2) (3)

zy = (4) (1)

0 (0,5)1234567899 (9,5)10

1,97911,94826,92553,84773,82087,14290,89583,84059,09930,48511,829

8,0635,892

0,52,01154,02,04,02,04,02,04,01,52,00,5

0,98923,89640,387

215,388147,640348,568181,790335,360118,198121,94017,74416,1262,946

0,00011,94840,438

430,776442,920

1394,272908,950

2012,160827,386975,520159,691153,19729,046

5 = 1570,972 6 = 7386,718

50

5.6 .

, , - (, ).

- , -, , - .

, , - , , , ' , (hydrostatic sheet), - (hydrostatic curves).

, , . , , .

o . , , .

1) (volume of displacement displacement in fresh water).

, () . 5.4.1.

O V fw. O - m3 ft3. LT. :

fw (MT) = V (m3)

fw (LT) = V (ft3)/36

(40)

( MT ) ( LT ) 1,016= (41)

(molded volume, molded displacement) - (volume overall, displacement overall) , , , , ...

2) (displacement in salt water).

H , , . o 1,025. o ( ) . (sw) 1,025.

51

:

sw (MT) = (1,025) V (m3) (42) sw (LT) = V (ft

3)/35 (43)

3) (longitudinal Center of BuoyancyLCB).

( ) - m ft. . . H , - ( 5.4.1).

4) (vertical center of buoyancyVCB).

m ft. , - .

5) .

:) , m2 ft2.) , m4 ft4.) , m4

ft4. ) (longitudinal center of flotation, LCF) -

( ) m ft.

H 5.2 (. 46).

6) (tons per cm, TP1cm TPC) (tons per inch, 1in TPI) .

( 1,025), cm in ( 1,025).

:

TPcm = PC = A(m2) 1,025/100 (44) TPin = TPI = A(ft2) / (12 35) = A(ft2)/420 (45)

.

7) (KM).

-. m ft. (O ).

:

T

BM V

= = (46)

= + (47)

52

8) (KML).

-. m ft. (O ).

:

yy

L

BM

V= = (48)

L = + L (49)

9) cm in (moment to change trim 1 cm, MCT 1 cm) moment to change trim 1 inch (MCT 1 in).

To cm in ( 1,025). :

=

sw L ( MT ) GM ( m ) MT mMCT1 cm 100 L( m ) cm

(50)

=

sw L ( LT ) GM ( ft ) LT ftMCT1 in 12 L( ft ) in

(51)

: GML m ft L m ft. GML BML, :

sw L ( MT ) BM ( m ) MT mMCT1 cm 100 L( m ) cm

(52)

sw L ( LT ) BM ( ft ) LT ftMCT1 in 12 L( ft ) in

(53)

10) (wetted surface).

. S m2 ft2. .

11) (form coefficients).

, , . :

) (block coefficient).

bVC

LBH= (54)

) (prismatic coefficient).

px

VCLA

= (55)

) (midship section efficient).

xxA

CBH

= (56)

53

) (waterplane coefficient).

wAC

LB= (57)

: L (m ft), B (m ft), H (m ft), (m

2 ft2), (m2 ft2) V o (m3 ft3).

:

p b xC C / C=

(58)

5.6. .

- . H Cb. H ( ) 5.6 .

- .

1.

5.6 134,62 m. , 7 m. H .

H . : 12.400 m3. 12.440 m3. = KB = 3,8 m. = = 7,84 m. = TPcm = 20,6 (/cm). 1 cm = MCT1cm = 163 (m/cm). = = 2088 m2. = 1,54 m . 0,34 m . CB = 0,705. 134,62/2, 67,31 m -

, :

LCF = 67,31 1,59 = 65,72 (m)

LCB = 67,31 + 0,32 = 67,63 m

() 12,440 ()

sw = 1,025 12,440 = 12,751 (MT)

2.

,

54

.

5.6

.

.

7,589 7 6 5 4 3 2

2000

4000

6000

8000

1000

012

000

1400

016

000

1800

020

000

(m

3 )

.

(m2 )

MC

T1

cm (

MT

_ m

/cm

)

2200

2100

2000

1900

1800

1700

1600

1500

1

1516

150

200

1718

10

1920

2122

2325

012

1416

1820

100 2

4

2,0

m1,

0 m

1,0

m

KB

- K

M1 (

m)

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

1 [L

PP]

m 10

CP

(

),

m

(m

3)

(LC

F), m

-

.

.

,(L

CB

)

LB

P =

134

,62

m

=

=

18,

745

m

= D

= 9

,396

m

(TPC

)

(m

3)

1

cm (M

CT 1

cm)

(VCB KB

), m

(m)

68

cm

, P

C

(m3)

55

5.6, 14,350 . O :

14,350V 14,0001,025 1,025

= = = (m3)

H 5.6 -.

, , , . -, , .

O 5.6.1 . H , ( ), .

()

5.6.1 .

(m)

E - ()

PC (MT/cm)

MCT 1 cm (MTm/cm)

LCB - (m)

LCF (m)

(m)

13,0012,8012,6012,4012,2012,0011,8011,6011,4011,2011,0010,8010,6010,4010,20

612456019859151581045706756038550025397952954519335091449912489104790846906

52,352,252,051,851,751,551,351,151,050,850,650,550,350,150,0

731,76725,76719,63713,37706,84700,31693,79687,28680,73674,53668,49662,58657,03651,36645,61

99,2299,3099,3899,4699,5499,6399,7199,8099,8999,98100,07100,17100,26100,35100,45

94,7094,7494,7894,8394,8994,9695,0595,1595,2695,3895,5195,6595,8095,9596,11

12,1512,1012,0612,0312,0011,9711,9411,9211,9011,8811,8711,8611,8611,8711,88

10,00 9,809,609,409,209,008,808,608,408,208,007,807,60

45905449174393142945419604098040002390273805337085361163515034185

49,849,649,549,349,149,048,848,748,648,448,348,248,1

639,84633,26626,58619,85613,31607,04601,63596,47591,56586,95582,66578,52574,58

100,54100,63100,72100,81100,90100,99101,07101,16101,24101,33101,41101,49101,57

96,2896,4796,6796,8997,1397,3997,6897,8598,0398,2098,3698,5498,71

11,9011,9211,9511,9812,0212,0612,1112,1812,2512,3312,4112,5112,62

56

5.7 .

, -.

, . .

(. 12.13) , - . - , , .

5.7, LCB, .

.

o V , LCB 5.7, :

7 m.

(m)

E - ()

PC (MT/cm)

MCT 1 cm (MTm/cm)

LCB - (m)

LCF (m)

(m)

7,407,207,006,806,606,406,206,005,805,605,405,205,004,804,604,404,204,003,803,603,403,203,002,802,602,402,202,00

33228322623130530348293912843227480265352557624628236892275521827208921995119023181921720416268153491445713565126641175810851

995990848206

47,947,847,747,647,547,447,347,247,147,046,946,846,746,646,446,346,246,145,945,845,645,445,345,144,944,744,444,1

570,83567,17563,76560,31556,92553,58550,30547,06544,23541,10537,91534,68531,57528,42525,21521,96518,54514,99511,23507,31502,97498,39493,53488,22482,61476,43469,77462,56

101,64101,72101,80101,88101,96102,04102,12102,20102,28102,35102,43102,51102,58102,66102,73102,81102,88102,95103,03103,10103,17103,24103,30103,37103,43103,50103,56103,62

98,8899,0599,2199,3899,5499,7199,87100,03100,19100,36100,52100,69100,85101,01101,17101,32101,47101,62101,77101,92102,06102,21102,35102,49102,63102,77102,91103,05

12,7412,8813,0413,2013,3713,5713,7914,0414,3014,5914,9215,2815,6716,1116,5817,1117,6918,3319,0619,8720,7821,8423,0424,3535,8527,6029,7332,49

5714

000

1450

015

000

1550

016

000

1650

017

000

1750

018

000

1850

0

1900

019

500

2000

020

500

1350

013

000

1250

012

000

1150

011

000

1050

010

000

9500

9000

8500

8000

7500

7000

6500

6000

5500

5000

4500

4000

3500

(m3)

100

1500

0 m

3

1000

0 m

3

5000

m3

200

300

-

-

150

00 m

3

150

00 +

204

= 1

5204

m3

1020

3040

5060

7080

9010

011

04.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

(

m)

(K

MT),

m

(L

CB),

m

_ 6.5

_ 6.0

_ 5.5

_ 5.0

_ 4.0

_ 3.5

_ 3.0

_ 2.5

_ 2.0

_ 1.5

_ 1.0

_ 0.5

+0.5

+1.0

+1.5

+2.0

+2.5

+3.0 +

3.5 +

4.0

+4.5

+5.0

_ 0

_ 4.5

+

(m)

9,5

9,49,39,

29,19,

08,98

,88,78

,68,

58,4

8,3

8,2

8,1

8,0

7,8

(m)

(m

)

(m

)

7,0

6,0

8,0

7,0

8,0

6,0

7,0

7,0

7,0

.

5.7

.

.

58

6 8 m. 8 6 m.

, 7 m. 5.7. :

(m)

(m)

M

(m)

(m)

V (m3)

LCB (m)

KMT (m)

7 7 7 0 12.440 0,4 ( ) 7,81

6 8 7 2 ( ) 12.500 2,25 ( ) 7,88

8 6 7 2 ( ) 12.400 2,90 ( ) 7,75

, 0,4 m , 2,25 m 2,90 m .

5.7.

( ) - . - , , 12, . . .

5.8 .

.

. 5.7. .

38 38160 46

2558

38

36

34

32

30

26

24

22

20

38

36

34

32

30

28

26

24

22

20

57

55

50

40

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

47

45

48

50

52

8000

7000

6000

5000

24000

28000

32000

38000

40000

44000

48000

52000

150

140

130

36

34

32

30

28

26

24

22

20

36

34

32

30

28

26

24

22

20 54

56

(f

t)

(f

t)

(L

T)

MC

T1

in

(f

t)

LC

B

(ft

)

35

45

(

ft)

(f

t)

28

59

, , . ().

, . (trim and stability manual) .

5.8.1 ( ). O ( - 100%) 98%. , , o , .

5.8.1 .

100% 98%

' (m3)

B () 1/SF

0,92 /m3

VCg (m)

LCg (m)

. m4

P Deep tank, P 214220 504 454 10,52 180,23 422 P Deep tank, S 214220 612 552 10,00 180,13 534

No 1 D.B Deep tank, P + S

202214 467 421 2,02 173,76 1250

(wing) P + S

3946 657 592 13,23 30,57 720

, P 2123 64 58 13,36 14,93 20 x, P 1921 60 54 13,41 13,41 18K, P 1219 172 155 13,51 10,15 38 , P 2940 33 30 1,29 25,51 30 , S 2639 33 30 1,03 24,32 29

Y () 1522 29 26 1,22 12,59 28

2372 9,56 116,99 3089

diesel

100% 98%

' (m3)

B () 1/SF

0,86 /m3

VCg (m)

LCg (m)

. m4

X, S 2123 39 33 14,64 14,93 19A , S 1823 112 94 12,95 13,47 57A , S 1218 144 121 13,53 9,72 69 diesel 248 13,46 11,83 145

()

60

. 5.8.1 ( ) ( -) .

( ) , - . (ullage). [ , (. . 2.2)] -. , (. 1).

5.8 .

.

H , 5.8 - 50%. , .

O , , 510 m3. , 50% , o 255 m3. O 2.3.1 1,05 m3/T.

(6) :

255 242,85 1,05

= =

100% 98%

(m3)

B () 1/SF

0,86 /m3

VCg (m)

LCg (m)

. m4

, 3435 3 3 14,94 24,47 8

, S 34,35 3 9 13,68 24,47 8

, P 3234 11 9 14,32 23,47 5

, P 3032 12 10 14,08 21,84 7

, P 2730 12 10 14,32 20,09 5

2 x, S 3436 11 12 14,32 24,84 7

1 x, S 3234 13 11 14,32 23,32 6

2 x, 2832 22 18 14,32 21,15 9

2 x, S 2428 22 19 14,32 18,17 7

Y () 2535 9 8 1,58 21,40 8

121 104 70

:P = A, S = P + S = A + ().

61

H . 1,95 m 13,5 m -.

5.9 (cargo capacity).

O .

(. ) , . , (, ..), o . :

1) (grain or bulk capacity).

, - ' .

2) (bale capacity).

, - ( ..) .

5.9.1 . - , 5.9.2 . , 5.9.2 39 cuft/tn, No 2, , 5655 tn, 1,158 tn/m3 No 3 8046 tn.

11

100 200 300 400 500 600

12 13 14 15

(m3)

(m)

B

(m

)

0

1

1,95

3

4

5

510 m3 14,59 m3

. 5.8. (upper wing) .

62

5.

9.1

.

(bul

k ca

rgo)

-

(V

Cg)

, m

-

(LC

g) m

X

(bal

e ca

paci

ty)

M

M

-

ft3

m3

ft3

m3

ft3

m3

1

192

214

1313

0137

189,

4716

9,41

1226

1434

7212

4980

3539

2

166

192

2168

3461

408,

0915

3,00

2026

7357

3920

5922

5831

3

142

166

2453

6069

488,

1813

2,19

2293

3664

9423

2938

6596

4

116

142

2642

9774

848,

1510

9,19

2506

3170

9725

4551

7208

5

941

1622

0719

6250

8,05

87,3

120

6628

5851

2098

7759

43

668

94

2638

3874

718,

1565

,31

2503

1370

8825

4233

7199

7

466

821

1678

5994

8,23

43,4

920

1719

5712

2049

5858

0415

5403

644

005

8,26

104,

5214

6391

441

453

1487

469

4212

0

2

(w

ing)

P

+S

166

192

3602

410

2014

,59

152,

98

3

(win

g)

P+

S14

216

639

460

1116

14,5

813

1,98

4

(win

g)

P+

S11

614

242

748

1210

14,5

810

9,12

5

(win

g)

P+

S94

116

3617

210

2214

,58

87,1

7

6

(win

g)

P+

S68

94

4274

812

1014

,58

67,6

6

7

(win

g)

P+

S46

68

3504

299

214

,66

43,4

0

23

2194

6570

14,5

998

,84

17

8623

050

575

9,08

103,

78

63 5.9.2

(wing tanks) .

ft3/LT MT/m3K

No1MT

No2MT

No3MT

No4MT

No5MT

No6MT

No7MT

115161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657

35,9012,3932,2442,1121,9941,8901,7951,7091,6321,5611,4961,4361,3811,3301,2821,2381,1971,1581,1221,0881,0581,0260,9970,9700,9450,9210,8980,8750,8550,8350,8160,7990,7800,7540,7480,7330,7180,7040,6900,6770,6650,6530,6410,630

1334808897884378527414702766746354606858045562533951354945476746034450430541724045392638153787360635143424333932573170310930342957290028412781272526692617256525172472242823832342

220432146931377812968122431160511021104931002098859185881784798166787176017350711068896680648463006122595558025655551453795250512750104900478946914593450144094323423741574083400939363868

24944016627155911467413854131321247211874113391084610394997795959241890786028317804677967559733771296827674065666399623960855940580256705545541953065197509349894891479447044620453744544377

2686831790916794158061492314145134341279012214116831119610747103359954959492658958868583978143790376797462725970726893672165566399624961075972583857185598548653745269516450674977488747974715

224381149561402513200124631181311219106811020097569350897586318313801377367481723870136800660064136231606359065756561354755344521851004986487547754675458144884400431342314156408140063938

2682161787816764157791489714120134101276812193116621117710728103179935957892498943865183828128788876657449724770606881670965456388623860956062582757095588547853645260515550584968487947894707

21519114344134511265911952113291075910244978293578967860782767972768474217175694167256521633061505976581456045520538352515125500548914783467545794484439443044220413640563988391438423725

5859606162636465

0,6190,6090,5960,5880,5790,5700,5610,552

23012264222321862152211920862052

36013739367236103555350034453389

43014231415540854023396038983835

46334558447544014333426641994131

38693806373836753619356335063450

46254550446843934326425841914124

37103550358435243471341733633309

( )

64

No2MT

No3MT

No4MT

No5MT

No6MT

No7MT

15798241053049874692938877468317178989752047181668693658316319060770585275641454479526745095749374478754646945151438744268541584405283951838540376253674535908351173432833621329163225631397309803036429792292622873528207277232724026793263152587425479

366002440228821532033192618301742166315911525146414071355130712621220118111441109107610451017990963939915893872851832813796779762747732717704691678665653642631621611599590

4009126732505235822272110200519091822174316701603154214851432138313361293125312151179114511141085105610281003977955933911891872853835818802786771757743728716703691680669657646

4343228962715255424132286217120691974188918091737167016081551149814481402135713161277124112071173114311141085106010351010986955944925904885869851835820805789775762749737724712701

367512451229721522042193418381751167015981531147014131361131312671225118611481114108110501021994967942918895875854835812799782765750735720707694681669656644634623613602592

4343228962715255424132286217120691974188918091737167016081551149814481402135713161277124112071173114311141085106010351010986955944925904886869851835820805789775762749737724712701

35603237322252094197818741780169616181548148314241370131912711227118711481113107810471017989962937912890868847828810791774758742726712698685672659647636625614604593583574

18157321210331134911068031008529558790784864408253778951756587262569842672836483962614605385856956749550245340651890504294906247793465774541644303432444223141268403593945238643378283706936316356033490134246336333302232418318613130830800302492973929283

250832468824290

581572563

636627617

689679669

583574565

689679659

565557548

288262837627921

6.1 .

H , , , - .

(light ship) - (inclining experiment), (. . 8.5). ( ) - .

-, , , , - , , , .

-, .

:1) .2) .3) diesel.4) .5) .6) .7) .8) .

6.2 .

H - . .

0 (light ship weight) , G0. :

1) LCG0 (longitudinal center of gravity of light ship), , m ft G0 (. 1.2).

2) VCG0 (vertical center of gravity of light ship), m ft G0, z. K, VCG KG0.

.

6.

66

, TCG0 (Transverse center of gravity of light ship) m ft G0, y.

6.3 .

, , , .

6.3 0 G0 - LCG0. (w1, w2, w4 w5 LCg1, LCg2, LCg4 LCg5 ) - (w3 w6 LCg3 LCg6 ). (LCG), .

H (14) (16) , .

(14) :

= 0 + w1 + w2 w3 + w4 +w5 w6 = 0 + wi (59)

wi . (16) :

0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

0 i

( LCG ) w ( LCg ) w ( LCg ) w ( LCg ) w ( LCg ) w ( LCg ) w ( LCg )LCG

w

+ + + + = =

+

0 0 i 1 0 0 i 1

0 i 0

( LCG ) w ( LCg ) ( LCG ) w ( LCg )

w

+ += =

+ (60)

wi (LCgi) .

. 6.3. ( ).

LCG

LCG0w3

g3

g2 g4

g5

g6g1 G0 G w5

w6

w4w2

w1

0

LCg1LCg2

LCg3

LCg4

LCg5

LCg6

AP

W L

67

6.3 . VCg6, VCg2 ... , , 90 ( ) .

(16) :

0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

0 i

( VCG ) w ( VCg ) w ( VCg ) w ( VCg ) w ( VCg ) w ( VCg ) w ( VCg )VCG

w

+ + + + = =

+

0 0 i 1 0 0 i 1

0 i 0

( VCG ) w ( VCg ) ( VCG ) w ( VCg )

w

+ += =

+ (61)

(61) wi (VCgi) -.

, , ' .

:

0 0 i 1 ( TCG ) w ( TCg )

TCG

+= (62)

H .

6.4 .

O ( - ). , , -. (departure). , , ,

. 6.3. ( ).

w6

w2

G G0g2 g2

VCg6

VCg2

VCg0

VCG

K

0

68

o (arrival) (intermediate) .

(59), (60) (61). ( ), (62).

.

6.4.1 , diesel, . , m3, , , , , - (. 8).

- . H 13157 m 6 .. - ( 4) ( 5) 206 tn/m 8 ( 4) ( 7).

, . ' , .

, - 5.8.1. .

6.4.2. H - ' 6.4.1 5.9.1.

6.4.3 - . :

6.4.2. 6.4.1. -

. -

.H -

(59), (60) (61) , , :

= 53232 . H LCG = 99,36

. H VCG = 9,81 m -

. -

, .

69

6.4.

1.

(

)

.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(m

3 )1/

SF

MT

/m3

B

=

= (

2)

(3)

(m

)

=

=

(4)

(5

)

m

(m)

=

= (

4)

(7)

(

)

m

(m

4 )

Dee

p ta

nk, P

D

eep

tank

, SN

o 1

D.B

, PN

o 1

D.B

, S

(win

g), P

(w

ing)

, SX

,

PX

,

SK

,

P

D.B

, P

D.B

, SY

(

)

79 127

229

322

322 29 59 169 33 33

0,92

73 117

211

211

296

296 27 54 155 30 30

180,

2318

0,13

173,

7617

3,76

30,5

730

,57

14,9

313

,41

10,1

525

,51

24,3

2

1315

721

075

3666

336

663

9049

9049 40

372

415

73 765

729

2,82

3,00

2,02

2,02

13,2

313

,23

11,6

813

,41

13,5

11,

291,

03

206

351

426

426

3916

3916 31

572

420

94 39 31

422

534

625

625

360

360 20 18 38 30 29

16

310,

9215

0086

,57

1298

508,

3012

444

3061

d

iese

lX

,

SA

, SA

M

, S

21 109

141

0,86

18 94 121

14,9

313

,47

9,72

268

1266

1176

13,8

512

,95

9,72

249

1217

1176

19 57 69

d

iese

l27

10,

8623

311

,63

2710

11,3

426

4214

5

,

,

A

,

A

,

A

,

2

, S

1

, S

2

, P

1

, P

Y

(

)

3 3 11 12 12 14 13 22 22 90,

86

3 3 9 10 10 12 11 19 19 8

24,4

724

,47

23,4

721

,94

20,0

924

,84

23,3

221

,15

18,1

721

,40

73 73 211

219

201

298

257

402

345

171

14,9

413

,66

14,3

214

,08

14,1

414

,32

14,3

214

,32

14,3

21,

45

45 41 129

141

141

172

158

272

272 12

8 8 5 7 5 7 6 9 7 6

121

0,86

104

21,6

422

5013

,30

1383

68

, P

, S

, P

, ST

ST

S

77 77 27 27 17 121,

00

77 77 27 27 17 12

3,66

3,66

3,35

3,35

29,8

430

,17

282

282 91 91 507

362

14,9

814

,98

14,8

414

,84

1,22

1,22

1154

1154 40

140

1 21 15

42 42 1 1 26 19

237

1,00

237

6,81

1615

13,2

431

4613

2

P =

, S

=

,

=

=

.

70

6.

4.2

.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

(m3 )

1/S

F

MT

/m3

B

=

= (

2)

(3)

(

m)

=

= (

4)

(5)

m

(m

)

=

= (

4)

(7)

(

)

m

No

1

No

2

No

3

No

4

No

5

No

6

No

7

1

, P

1

, S

2

, P

2

, S

3

, P

3

, S

4

, P

4

, S

5

, P

5

, S

6

, P

6

, S

7

, P

7

, S

3715

6140

6948

7484

6250

7471

5994 510

510

558

558

605

605

511

511

605

605

496

496

0,79

8

2967

4900

5545

5972

4988

5962

4783 407

407

445

445

483

483

408

408

483

483

396

396

169,

4115

3,00

135,

1910

9,19

87,3

165

,31

43,4

9

152,

9815

2,98

131,

9813

1,98

109,

1210

9,12

87,1

787

,17

67,6

667

,66

43,4

043

,40

5026

3974

9700

7329

9465

2083

4355

0238

9378

2080

13

6226

362

263

5873

158

731

5270

552

705

3556

535

565

3268

032

680

1718

617

186

9,47

8,09

8,18

8,15

8,06

8,15

8,23

14,5

914

,59

14,5

814

,58

14,5

814

,58

14,5

814

,58

14,5

814

,58

14,6

614

,66

2809

739

641

4535

848

672

4020

348

590

3936

4

5938

5938

6488

6488

7042

7042

5949

5949

7042

7042

5774

5774

5057

50,

798

4036

110

3,78

4188

569

9,08

3663

91

=

418

8569

/403

61 =

103

,78

m

K

= 3

6639

1/40

361

= 9

,08

m

71

6.

4.3

.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1/S

F

MT

/m3

B

(

)

(m)

=

= (

3)

(4)

m

m

=

=

(3)

(6

) (

)

m

(m

4 )

(

. 6.4

.2)

(

. 6.4

.1)

d

iese

l (

. 6

.4.1

)

(

. 6

.4.1

)

(

.

6.4

.1)

0,79

80,

920

0,86

00,

860

1,00

01,

025

4036

115

0 50 59 79

103,

7812

,29

11,5

821

,86

13,2

8

4188

569

1844 579

1290

1049

9,08

12,2

212

,08

12,2

58,

96

3663

9118

33 604

723

708

7 8 6 13

101

72,6

573

3815

,91

1607

Dea

dwei

gt

40

800

1243

210

2,96

87,5

742

0066

910

8867

09,

1112

,08

3718

6615

0179

53

232

99,3

652

8933

99,

9152

2045

34

= 5

2893

39/5

3232

= 9

9,36

m

K

=

522

045/

5323

2 =

9,8

1 m

72

6.5 .

, - , ( ). , . .. .

, . , .

.

No 1 16 m, 12 m 6 m. H 80 m . , 6.5 :

2,112 MT/m3. B 0,835 MT/m3. 0,57 MT/m3 .

:

.

= = = =

= + =

= =

1

1

1

1

=16 12 4 =768

w B 768 2,112 1622 MT

16LCg 80 88 m2

4VCg 2m2

.

= = = =

= + =

= + =

32

2

2

2

=10 12 2= 240 m

w B 240 0,835 200 MT

10LCg 80 85 m2

2VCg 4 5 m2

A

10 m 6 m

4 m

2 m

80 m

. 6.5. ( ).

73

.

= = = =

= + + =

= + =

33

3

3

3

= 6 12 2=144 m

w B 144 0,57 82 MT

6LCg 80 10 93 m2

2VCg 4 5 m2

:

1 2 3 4 5 6

()LCG(m)

( m) = (2) (3)

VGg (m)

K ( m) = (2) (5)

1622 88 142736 2 3244

200 85 17000 5 1000

82 53 7626 5 410

1904 167362 4654

:

w = 1904 MT

LCg = 167362/1904 = 87,90 m

VCg = 4654/1904 = 2,44 m

6.6 .

, , . . .

, - 1.2.

H , ( ) .

, - .

w (LCg1) (LCg2) . LCG1, LCG2, 6.6.1.

2 4 . H :

0 1 22

0

( LCG ) w( LCg ) w( LCg )LCG

+=

74

:

2 1 1 2

wLCG LCG ( LCg LCg )

=

( )2 1 1 2 1 2w wLCG LCG LCg LCg g g = (63)

: g1g2 ., , (63)

:

i 1 2 i2 1w ( g g )

LCG LCG

= (64)

: (g1g2)i w1, (g1g2)2 w2 (g1g2)i Wi. , , :

i 1 2 i2 1w ( g g )

VCG VCG

= (65)

g1g2 . 6.6.1,

.

1.

6.4.3. - :

60 tn No 1 .

500 tn No 3 No 5.

.

6.4.3:

= 53232

LCG1 = 99,36 m

5.8.1 5.9.1. 6.6.2.

6.6.1 .

1 2 3 4

()

(m) = (2) (3)

LCG1 (LCG1)

w LCg1 w(LCg1)

+ w LCg2 + w(LCg2)

(LCG1) w(LCg1) + w(LCg2)

75

H :

LCG2 = 5258003/53232 = 98,77 m

2.

6.4.3. - .

300 tn 10 m . 100 tn 5 m . .

, ( ), (65). , :

()

(g1g2)(m)

300100

10+5

i 1 2 i2 1

w ( g g ) ( 300 ) ( 10 ) (100 ) ( 5 )VCG VCG

53232 + = = =

3000 500 2500 0,04753232 53232

+ = = =

, VCG1 6.4.3 9,81 m, :

VCG2 = VCG1 0,047 = 9,81 0,047 = 9,763 m

6.7 .

,

6.6.2 .

1 2 3 4

()

(m)

= (2) (3) ( m)

53232 99,36 5289339

60 173,76 10426

+60 25,51 +1530

500 132,19 66095

+500 87,31 +43655

53232 5258003

76

, . .

, - . , , . , -, .

(. 6.7).

. 6.7. .

7.1 .

, , o , - .

H -, , . . .

- .

7.1 ' . ( ) ( ) , , . :

P = pgH + Patm = + Patm (66)

: P , , g - , H , Patm .

7.1, - , ( , ). (buoyancy) .

. 7.1. .

H

()

7. - -

78

. ,

, :1) , .2) , ,

( ) . , ( ) -

, .

, , :

1) H ' ( -).

2) ( ) ( ) .

:

- = = (67)

H (67) , . , o (displacement) - ( ). [ (67) (40), (41), (42) (43) 5.6].

o , , , (67). o .

7.2 .

. , (). , , .

, .

' 1,0, 1,007 1,035, .

, ( ) . .

, ( ), 1,025.

79

, .

. , , - .

, . .

7.3 .

, ' , (67), .

, , . , (67), .

, . , - .

' , 4, . , , 5, .

(54), Cb, - , .

7.4 .

.

h - , , . , ( ) , - , , . , . .

, , .

(. 7.6) - .

7.5 .

, , , . - :

1)

80

, . .

2) , , - . ( ) , .

, , . T . , , .

' ' , , , - . , .

o ' - , . O (reserve buoyancy).

, , . - ( ).

(freeboard) - , , -.

7.6 (Fresh Water AllowanceFWA).

WL , ( ). - , .

: V = 1,025 / m3, W V (

), V+v = 1,000 / m3, v w v :

FWA mm : 1,000 (V+v ) = 1,025 (V) v = 0,025 V = V/40 w =W/40

w = [(FWA)/10] PC1 cm : [(FWA)/10] PC1 cm = W/40 FWA ( mm) = W / (4 TPC1cm)

81

FWA ( mm) = / (4 TPC1cm)

.

13 m. ( = 1,000).

5.6.1 13 m:

= 61245 TP1cm = 52,3 MT/cm :

FWA ( mm) = / (4 TPC1) = 61245/(4 52,3) = 293 mm

7.7 (Dock Water AllowanceDWA).

, mm, ( ) , DW, =1,025 (. 13.21).

:

DWA = FWA (1025 1000 DW)/ 25

.

N , = 1,018.

FWA ( mm) = 293 mm.:

DWA = FWA (1025 1000 DW)/ 25 = 293 (1025 1018)/25 = 82 mm

7.8 () .

, ( ), - . , , , . , .

, ' .

, , .

, - .

, 5.7, - , .

82

, ( ) , , , - , .

- , , 1,025 MT/m3.

, (67).

.

5.6, 1,025 1,015, 7 m.

5.6, 7 m, 5.6 , :

3V 12440 m=

1,025 :

= (1,025) (12440) = 12751 1,015 = (1,015) (12440) = 12627

7.9 cm in .

7.9 WL 1 cm, W1 L1.

H , 1 cm. , WL W1 L1 (m2), o :

21(1 cm ) A( m )100

=

. 7.9. TPC .

W LW1 L1

83

, 1,025, :

2A( m ) 1,025100

=

H 1 cm ( cm , TPC). :

2A( m ) 1,025

TPC ( MT / cm )100

= (68)

:

2 2A( ft ) A( ft )

TPI = ( LT / in )12 35 420

= (69)

TPC , .

1.

5.6.1 8 m. 500 , . .

5.6.1 8 m :

TPC = 48,3 /cm:

= (500)/(48,3) = 10,35 cm

= 8+(10,35)/(100) = 8,1035 m

2.

100 ft 35 ft 10 ft. , 0,25 ft;

H :

A(ft2) = 100 35 = 3500 (ft2) (69):

=

2A( ft ) 3500TPI = = 8,33 ( LT / in )420 420

0,25 ft (3"), :

w = ( ) = 3 8,33 = 25 LT

H , , .

3.

100 m, 11 m Cw = 0,83. TPC.

84

(57) :

wAC

LB= = Cw LB = (0,83) (100) (11) = 913 m2

(68):

913 1,025

TPC= = 9,36 MT( cm )100

7.10 TPC .

(68) TPC . TPC .

, - 1,025.

TPC (68) ( ) , .. 1,015, . 1%.

TPC , , -, .

- 12.

7.11 TPC.

7.4 - .

TPC.

1.

, - (.. ).

sw fw , V ( ), :

=

sw fw

V V

=

fw

A

: m m2. . :

=sw fw fwV( ) A

85

=

sw

fw

V 1A

(70)

2.

5.6.1 , , 8 m. .

8 m, ( 5.6.1) 36116 TPC = 48,3 MT/cm. :

336116V 35235 m

1,025= =

(68):

3100 100A TPC ( 48,3 ) 4712 m1,025 1,025

= = =

(74):

= = = = sw

fw

1,02535235 35235V 1 1,0 0,025 0,187 mA 4712 1,0 4712

7.12 .

, , (deadweight scale).

H , . - 7.12. -, deadweight , ft m, , TPC MCT1cm (MTm/cm).

H , . .

deadweight 15.

.

7.12, 7 m.

, 7 m, . :

8,28 mDeadweight 10400 Deadweight 10000 23 ft 17320 16880 TPC 29,16 /cmTPC 28,48 MT/cmMCT1 cm 225 m/cm

86

(

)

Dea

dwei

ght

(MT

)

(m)

E

(

)

TP

C

/c

m

MC

T1

cm

SW SW SWfW fW fWft m

18000

17000

17000

25000

24000

24000

23000

23000

22000

22000

21000

21000

20000

20000

19000

19000

18000

18000

17000

17000

16000

16000

1500015000

1400014000

1300013000

1200012000

1100011000

1000010000

90009000

80008000

70007000

60006000

16000

16000

15000

15000

14000

14000

13000

13000

12000

12000

11000

11000

10000

10000

9000

9000

80008000

70007000

60006000

50005000

40004000

30003000

2000

1000

2000

1000

00

3132

31

31280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180

170

30

30

29

29

28

28

27

27

26

26

25

25

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

3

4

5

6

7

6

5

4

3

2

7

8

9

T.F.

F

S

191

191

188

191

L R

6119

. 7.12. (deadweight scale).

8.1 . .

, .

o . - , , , , - . .

, , .

, , Gxyz (. 8.1). - .

, :1) 2) Gxyz. (6) , -

, , . , , .

:1) z, .2) x, (heel).3) y, (trim). ,

x, .

. 8.1. .

z

y

G

:

8. ( )

88

z y, .

() o:

1) (surge). 2) y (sway).3) z (heave).4) x (roll).5) y (pitch).6) z (yaw). . -

.

. (intact condition),

. , (.. - ), (damaged condition).

, ( ), :

1) , .2) , -

.O -

, , (, , ..).

, , , .

( ) , . , , , , o . (transverse stability), - x (. 8.1) (longitudinal stability) y.

, - , (intact stability) (damaged stability).

. , 10, - . , (initial stability) (sta bility at large angles).

-.

89

8.2 . .

:1) , .2) ( ),

.3) H

( ) . (..

) , , (. , , ) :

1) H , - ( . . 8.2). G .

2) , - .

8.2, , o , . - () , , - . - , ( ) . , , ( ) x.

, - 8.2 : ) - , , ) , ) - .

, - , o ' - , - . (transverse metacenter) .

G ZB

G

B

ZMT

G

B

MT

()

()

()

. 8.2. : )

. ) . ) .

90

8.2(), :

= GZ (71)

: () GZ .

( o ) :

= G (72)

: GMT G .H , , -

. :1) , -

, . [. 8.2()].

2) , -, . [. 8.2()].

. 10.10 , . .

3 - 2 , 3 . , , , 3 3 .

, , , , .

3) , , ' [. 8.2()].

GMT . - , :

1) CM .2) GM 3) GM ., 8.2()

.

. -

.

(72). ,

91

(. . 10). 8.2 K, B, G

. - :

+ = G + GMT

GMT = KB + BMT KG = KMT KG (73)

: KB , ( 4 . 5.6), , (46) ( 7 . 5.6) KG , 6.4.

, , KB + BMT = KMT.

1.

, 5.6.1, 6.4.3.

6.4.3 : = 53232 KG = 9,81 m. 5.6.1, ( 53232 ) :

m

53232 52954 278H 11,40 0,20 11,40 0,2053979 52954 1025

11,40 0,20 0,271 11,40 0,0542 11,4542 m

= + = + =

= + = + =

m53232 52954 278H 11,40 0,20 11,40 0,2053979 52954 1025

11,40 0,20 0,271 11,40 0,0542 11,4542 m

= + = + =

= + = + =

, :

T

53232 52954KM 11,90 (11,92 11,90 )53979 52954

11,90 0,02 0,271 11,905 m

= + =

= + =

T53232 52954KM 11,90 (11,92 11,90 )53979 52954

11,90 0,02 0,271 11,905 m

= + =

= + =

(73):

GMT = KMT KG = 11,905 9,81 = 2,095 m

2.

7;

H (71), 7 = 0,12187.

= GMT = (53232) (2,095) (0,12187) = 13591 m

. , , :

=

57,3

:

G

B

. 8.2.

.

92

7 0,1221

57,3 57,3= =

= (53232) (2,095) (0,1221) = 13316 m

3.

100 ft, 35 ft 20 ft 10 ft. -;

H 100 ft 35 ft. (23):

3 34

xxbh 100 35I 357291,6 ft12 12

= = =

(46):

xxT

I 357291,6 357291,6BM =10,208 ft

100 35 10 35000V= = =

, . :

10KB = 5 ft2

=

= + = 5 + 10,208 = 15,208 ft

GM = 0 = KMT KG:

KMT KG = 0

KG = KMT = 15,208 ft

8.3 . .

, ( ), , - .

.

( ) - :

1) H . , . -, , , - , (.. ).

2) H . H

93

. O 8.3, .

3) H , 8.3, - 1 .

4) H , o 8.3. , , , ( ).

Q. , (72) Q.

, , , (72).

, - , . , . H - , .

, - , , .

:1) ,

. 8.3. .

. 8.3. .

. 8.3. .

94

, .2) ,

.3)

.

, 13. , ,

:1) (tankers) 0,502,00 m.2) (double hull tankers) 2,005,00 m.3) (general cargo ships) 0,300,50 m.4) (container ships) 1,502,50 m.5 (bulk ore carriers) 2,003,00 m.6) Ro-Ro 1,401,60 m. (. .

5.6) , . . , , GM

0,15 m.

8.4 .

H - , , , -. , .

(73) , KG. o KM - , KG 6.4.1, 6.4.2 6.4.3.

.

H ( ), - , , (inclining experiment).

8.5 . .

8.5.1 .

, , - .

' , ' 6.4.1. H , , - :

95

1) , . , .

2) H , , .

, o .

(.. , ) , .

. -

(inclining experiment) Draft Survey ( ).

8.5.2 .

8.5 WL W . d, :

1) W1L1 WL.2) G G', GG' -

W .3) , -

B B'. B' G', ' GG'.

: = wd. = GC'. . :

GC' = wd

GG' = GM . :

G = wd

T

wdGM

= (74)

w d, - , v , - , - (74) .

. 8.5. .

d

ww

GB '

G'L1

L

W

W1

96

, (75) , - KG - .

, - , , .

- l. - , (. 8.5), , :

=l

(75)

8.5.3 .

, . - , .

, , , ( ) , .

, , , , , (hogging sagging). H 12.22.2.

. , , , - (inclining experi ment report).

, . - , 30 cm. - , ( ) 1 2.

- . , (). , , ' , .

- . , , .

, .

. 8.5. .

=

l

97

. .

. - , .

, .

8.5.4 .

H , , . - , , 2.3.

, . -

( ) , . - (, , . 8.5).

:1) .2) B .3) B .4) .5) B.6) . . ,

, (. ), .

8.5.5 .

H , . .

.

, - 8.5.4, - 6000 = 8,32 m.

4 , 10 . H - 10 m. - 7 m 31,

. 8.5. .

d

A B

98

63, 1, 30, 62 0 cm. (KG) .

8.5.1.

8.5.1. .

1 2 3 4 5 6

(m)

-

(m)

A - (cm)

cm

100 (MTm)

100 100 0 = 100 31 31 0 = 31 31

200 200 100 = 100 63 63 31 = 32 32

,

0 0 200 = 200 1 1 63 = 62 31

100 100 0 = 100 30 30 1 = 31 31

200 200 (100) = 100 62 62 (30) = 32 32

,

0 0 (200) = 200 0 0 ( 62) = 62 31

188

8.5.6 .

- (inclining experiment report), :

1) , .2) .3) .4) .

= 188/6 = 31,33 cm. (75):

= =31,33 /100 = 0,00447

7l (74):

= =

Twd 100GM = 0,372 m

( 6000 ) ( 0,00447 ) (73):

= = =T TKG KM GM 8,32 0,372 7,928

, 4 8.5.1 - o .

5) .

6) .7) .H

99

, . ( ) , -.

8.5.7 .

() o - , . , , .

H - .

8.5.8 .

, o -.

- . . H . , . .

8.5.9 .

, . - .

, , , -.

8.6 .

, , x (), , (76) - (77).

xxT

2KT

GM ( ) (76)

xxT

1,108 KT

GM ( ) (77)

: sec, GM m ft m ft.

100

, o , - (78) :

= CB (78)

: B m ft C : C = 0,42 : C = 0,35 : C = 0,38 0,40

(76-78) , , . H sallying experiment. . - .

- 2 3 , . - . , . , .

H , , .

, (zig-zag maneuver), . .

.

11 m. 28,95 m. - ( ) 15,8, 16,0 16,9 sec. .

O :

+ += =15,8 16,0 16,9

T 16,23 sec3

(78): = CB = (0,42) (28,95) = 12,159 m

(76):

= = =2 2xx

T 2 2

K (12,159 )GM 4 4 2,245 m

T (16,23 )

H 100 m, IMO (Inter national aritime rganization). - C.

8.7 .

-

101

. Kxx.

H , :

+ +

2 2xx 1 1

B x x B 2

K D DF C C 1,10 C (1 C ) 2,2

B H B (79)

: CB o H, Cx o , H

m ft, = +1AD D m ftL

,

m2 ft2, D m ft, B m ft, m ft F : 0,125 0,133 .

, (79) .

1.

o 5.6.1.

: L = 192 m B = 28,95 m D = 16,306 m = 700 m2

= + = + =1

700AD D 16,306 19,951 mL 192

H (79) 8.7.1, 9 -

8.7.1 .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(m)

( - 5.6.1,

)

-

V=(2)/1,025

=BVC

LBH

PC (

5.6.1)

= x

TPC 100C1,025 LB

2xxK

B [ - (81)]

=xxK

7B

= (8)

(m)

5,06,07,08,09,0

10,011,012,013,0

218272653531305361164098045905509145603861245

212942588730541352353998044785496725467159751

0,7660,7760,7850,7920,7990,8050,8120,8190,827

46,747,247,748,349,049,850,651,552,3

0,8190,8280,8370,8480,8600,8740,8880,9040,918

0,1840,1680,1570,1500,1450,1420,1