CANNONINSTRUMENT COMPANY

There are hundreds of different types of viscometers: glass capillary, rotational, viscosity cup, falling ball, and manyothers. All viscometers should be checked periodically with a certified viscosity standard to ensure that the accuracyof the instrument is being maintained. CANNON certified viscosity standards provide kinematic viscosities (in cSt ormm2/s) and viscosities (in cP or mPa•s) at many temperatures, ranging from –55°C to 150°C. If a stock standard doesnot fulfill your requirements, a custom standard can be prepared. All CANNON viscosity standards, whether stock orcustom, are traceable to the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and are prepared in CANNON’sISO 9001-registered and A2LA-accredited laboratory.Most viscosity standards supplied by CANNON are hydrocarbon oils. The lower viscosity standards consist of mineraloil base stocks, and the higher viscosity standards are polybutenes (except for N1000, which is a poly-alpha-olefin). Ingeneral, these standards are Newtonian liquids (that is, the viscosity is independent of the shear stress or shear rate).Some deviation from true Newtonian response may occur when measurements are made with high viscosity standardsat high shear rates. Frequently the heat developed at high rates of shear can cause the standard to appearnon-Newtonian when in fact the viscosity has been lowered by “viscous heating”. In addition to hydrocarbon standards,CANNON offers silicone standards for calibrating rotational viscometers. Note: Silicone viscosity standards shouldNOT be used for other types of viscometers.Customers can use CANNON hydrocarbon standards for calibrating their own glass capillary viscometers if thespecifications and procedures found in ASTM D 445 and ASTM D 446 are strictly followed. Instead of attempting tocalibrate their own instruments for routine viscosity measurements, most laboratories find it less expensive and moreconvenient to purchase viscometers which have already been calibrated by CANNON. These viscometers can then bechecked regularly in the laboratory using CANNON viscosity standards. CANNON has ISO 9001 registration forcertification of viscosity standards and for calibration of glass capillary viscometers.If you need a standard at a temperature or viscosity not available in a stock standard, please call CANNON to discussthe blending of a custom standard to your temperature and viscosity specifications.

Custom Viscosity Standards from CANNONOver 70 different viscosity standards are listed in this bulletin. These standards satisfy most viscometer calibration needsand can usually be shipped immediately from stock. We highly recommend that these “stock” standards be usedwhenever possible, although we recognize that there are times when a custom standard may be needed.CANNON is prepared to furnish custom viscosity standards on special order. Because of the large number of factorsinvolved, we must quote individually on each custom standard. To help us serve you better, when ordering customstandards please state the viscosity (or kinematic viscosity) range and temperatures required. If you also need thedensity, please state this when ordering.All CANNON standards, including custom standards, are traceable to NIST (National Institute of Standards andTechnology). CANNON’s ISO 9001 registration applies to both stock and custom standards. This means that customstandards are subjected to the same stringent quality controls as the stock standards listed in our catalog.

Flash Point StandardsCANNON Instrument Company can now provide FlashPoint Reference Materials for calibrating Flash PointTesters. A total of six different standards are available forthe following ASTM methods: ASTM D 56, ASTM D92, and ASTM D 93. The data provided for eachstandard includes the average flash point for the lot andthe standard deviation observed from 20 tests in 10different laboratories. Nominal flash points for thevarious standards are shown in the accompanying table.The four standards with lower flash points are made fromhigh purity alkane materials, while the two standardswith higher flash points are made from narrowdistributions of decane oligomers. Flash Point Standardsare sold in 200 mL bottles (155 g).

Flash Point Standards Table

CatalogNumber Product ID

ASTM D 56Nominal

Flash Point(°C)

ASTM D 92Nominal

Flash Point(°C)

ASTM D 93Nominal

Flash Point(°C)

9727-A10 FPRM10 50 — 559727-A15 FPRM11 66 — 729727-A20 FPRM14 — 116 1139727-A25 FPRM16 — 137 1329727-A30 FPRM2D — 163 1559727-A35 FPRM4D — 224 218

CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY • 2139 HIGH TECH ROAD • STATE COLLEGE • PA • 16803-1733 • USA

800-676-6232 • 814-353-8000 • Fax 814-353-8007 • cannon@cannoninstrument.com • www.cannoninstrument.com2

Viscosities for all standards sold by CANNON are based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) value of 1.0016 mPa•s (centipoise) for water at 20°C (68°F). All standards are traceable to the NIST.CANNON has been granted ISO 9001 registration for the manufacture and certification of viscosity standards.Nominal or approximate values are listed in the following tables. Values for viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and densityat the temperatures listed below are printed on the label. Viscosity values at other temperatures in the range of 20°Cto 100°C (68°F to 212°F) can be supplied for these standards at an additional charge. Standards are sold in 470 ml(1 pint) bottles. Bulk quantities are available on special order. We invite your inquiries.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Table I

Approximate Kinematic Viscosity in mm2/s (Centistokes) Saybolt Viscosity

20°C68°F

25°C77°F

37.78°C100°F

40°C104°F

50°C122°F

60°C140°F

98.89°C210°F

100°C212°F

SUS100°F

SUS210°F

SFS122°F

9727-C10 N.4(b) 0.47 0.45 0.41 0.40 — — — — — — —9727-C15 N.8(b) 0.95 0.89 0.77 0.75 — — — — — — —9727-C20 N1.0(b) 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.97 0.91 — — — — — —9727-C25 S3(a) 4.6 4.0 3.0 2.9 2.4 — 1.2 1.2 — — —9727-C30 S6 11 8.9 6.0 5.7 4.4 — 1.8 1.8 — — —9727-C32 N10 21 17 11 10 7.3 — 2.7 2.7 — — —9727-C35 S20 44 34 20 18 13 — 3.9 3.8 100 — —9727-C37 N35 87 66 35 32 21 — 5.4 5.3 170 — —9727-C40 S60 170 120 60 54 35 — 7.5 7.3 280 — —9727-C42 N100 330 230 110 97 60 — 11 11 500 — —9727-C45 S200 660 460 200 180 105 — 17 16 930 86 —9727-C47 N350 1300 850 350 310 170 — 24 23 — 110 —9727-C50 S600 2400 1600 600 520 280 — 34 33 — 150 1309727-C52 N1000 3400 2400 — 940 550 350 — 80 — — —9727-C55 S2000 9600 5900 2000 1700 890 — 72 69 — 361 —9727-C57 N4000 20 000 12 000 — 3400 1600 850 — 120 — — —9727-C60 S8000 41 000 25 000 8000 6700 3200 — — 240 — — —9727-C62 N15000 77 000 47 000 — 13 000 6100 3000 — 360 — — —9727-C65 S30000 — 89 000 28 000 23 000 11 000 — — 630 — — —

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Table II

Approximate Viscosity in mPa.s (Centipoise)

20°C68°F

25°C77°F

37.78°C100°F

40°C104°F

50°C122°F

60°C140°F

98.89°C210°F

100°C212°F

9727-C10 N.4(b) 0.31 0.29 0.26 0.26 — — — —9727-C15 N.8(b) 0.73 0.68 0.58 0.56 — — — —9727-C20 N1.0(b) 0.93 0.86 0.72 0.70 0.62 — — —9727-C25 S3 3.9 3.3 2.5 2.4 1.9 — 0.9 0.99727-C30 S6 9.1 7.6 5.1 4.8 3.7 — 1.5 1.49727-C32 N10 18 15 9.4 8.8 6.2 — 2.2 2.29727-C35 S20 39 31 18 16 11 — 3.3 3.29727-C37 N35 76 57 30 27 18 — 4.4 4.39727-C40 S60 140 100 51 46 30 — 6.1 6.09727-C42 N100 290 210 94 84 50 — 9.2 9.09727-C45 S200 580 400 170 150 90 — 14 139727-C47 N350 1100 750 310 270 150 — 20 199727-C50 S600 2100 1400 530 450 240 — 29 289727-C52 N1000 2900 2000 — 800 460 280 — 659727-C55 S2000 7600 4900 1700 1500 770 — 65 629727-C57 N4000 17 000 11 000 — 2900 1400 730 — 1009727-C60 S8000 33 000 20 000 7000 5900 2800 — — 2009727-C62 N15000 68 000 41 000 — 11 000 5400 2600 — 3009727-C65 S30000 — 80 000 25 000 21 000 9500 — — 540

(a) Also 70 cSt at –40°C (–40°F).(b) Incurs additional shipping charges dueto low flash point.

CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY • 2139 HIGH TECH ROAD • STATE COLLEGE • PA • 16803-1733 • USA

800-676-6232 • 814-353-8000 • Fax 814-353-8007 • cannon@cannoninstrument.com • www.cannoninstrument.com 3

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Table III • High-Viscosity Standards

Approximate Viscosity in mPa.s (cP)Kinematic Viscosity

mm2/s (cSt)

20°C/68°F

25°C/77°F

40°C/104°F

60°C/140°F

135°C/275°F

60°C/140°F

135°C/275°F

9727-E10 N600 — 1400 — 140 — 160 129727-C52 N1000* — 2000 — 280 — 350 —9727-E15 N2000 — 4900 — 380 — 440 269727-C57 N4000* — 11 000 — 730 — 850 —9727-E20 N8000 — 20 000 — 1400 — 1600 —9727-C62 N15000* — 41 000 — 2600 — 3000 —9727-E25 N30000 130 000 80 000 — 4700 — 5400 —9727-E27 N62000 — 200 000 — 13 000 — — —9727-E29 N150000 — 420 000 — 24 000 — — —9727-E30 N190000 900 000 520 000 140 000 33 000 — — —9727-E35 N450000 — 1 600 000 — 100 000 2350 — —9727-E40 N2700000 — 5 300 000 — 340 000 — — —9727-E42 N2700000SP Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) standard at 52, 58, 64, 70, & 76°C

High-ViscosityStandardsThese standards are furnishedin a range of viscosities andtemperatures which are ofparticular interest in asphaltviscosity determinations andthe determination of theviscosities of polymers. SeeASTM D 2170 and D 2171.See Table III for approximateviscosities. Exact values aresupplied with each standard.All data are traceable to theNIST.*Additional data provided with these

standards are listed in Tables I and II.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard Table IV • Low-Temperature Viscosity Standards

9727-G10 N27B viscosities in centipoise at –40, –30, –20, –15, –10, 0°F9727-G15 N115B viscosities in centipoise at –20, –15, –10, 0, 10, 20°F9727-G25 N60B 150 000 mPa.s (cP) at –55°C9727-G30 N120B 150 000 mPa.s (cP) at –40°C9727-G35 N480B 150 000 mPa.s (cP) at –26°C9727-G40 N1400B 150 000 mPa.s (cP) at –12°C9727-G45 N2B Jet Fuel standard, 8 mm2/s (cSt) at –20°C9727-G50 N74B 3400 mPa.s (cP) at 0°C9727-G55 N38B 3100 mPa.s (cP) at –10°C9727-G60 N25B 8000 mPa.s (cP) at –25°C9727-G65 N14B 17 000 mPa.s (cP) at –40°C

Low-TemperatureStandardsFor Low Temperature Gear Oils(SAE 70W, 75W, 80W and85W). Also for ATF fluids.See ASTM D 2983.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Table V • Approximate Viscosity in mPa.s (Centipoise)

-5°C -10°C -15°C -20°C -25°C -30°C -35°C9727-N06 CL10 — — — — — — 17009727-N08 CL12 — — — — — 1600 32009727-N10 CL14 — — — — 1600 3250 70009727-N12 CL16 — — — — 2500 5500 11 0009727-N14 CL19 — — — 1800 3500 7400 17 0009727-N18 CL22 — — 1300 2500 5100 11 100 —9727-N22 CL25 — — 1800 3500 7400 17 200 —9727-N26 CL28 — 1300 2500 5000 9300 — —9727-N30 CL32 — 1800 3500 7300 15 900 — —9727-N32 CL38 — 2900 5800 13 000 — — —9727-N34 CL48 2300 4500 9500 21 000 — — —9727-N36 CL60 3700 7300 15 600 — — — —9727-N38 CL74 6000 12 000 — — — — —9727-N42 8CL Set of eight CCS viscosity standards

For SAE Specification J300.For Cold-Cranking Simulator(CCS) (see ASTM D 5293).

9727-N42 is a set of eight CCSviscosity standards containingone pint of each of thefollowing standards: CL14,CL19, CL22, CL25, CL28,CL32, CL48, and CL74.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard Table VI • Approximate Viscosity in mPa.s (Centipoise)

9727-T10 N105B CMRV viscosity standard, 30 000 mPa.s (cP) at –20°C9727-T15 N400B CMRV viscosity standard, 60 000 mPa.s (cP) at –25°C9727-T20 YS-30 Exhibits yield stress of 70 Pa ±35 Pa at –30°C9727-T25 YS-35 Exhibits yield stress of 70 Pa ±35 Pa at –35°C

For CANNON Mini-RotaryViscometer (CMRV) (seeASTM D 3829 and ASTM D4684).

CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY • 2139 HIGH TECH ROAD • STATE COLLEGE • PA • 16803-1733 • USA

800-676-6232 • 814-353-8000 • Fax 814-353-8007 • cannon@cannoninstrument.com • www.cannoninstrument.com4

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Table VII • Certified Data at 25°C

Kinematicviscositymm2/s(cSt)

Zahn Cup Shell Cup Ford Cup

Size

Draintime,sec Size

Draintime,sec Size

Draintime,sec

9727-W10 C6 8.9 — — 1 52 — —9727-W12 C10 17 1 45 2 35 1 709727-W15 C20 34 1 60 2

2½6440

2—

42—

9727-W20 C35 66 2 33 2½3

3½

744632

23—

6435—

9727-W25 C60 120 2 48 3½4

5736

34

5836

9727-W30 C100 230 34

2721

45

6836

4—

64—

9727-W35 C200 460 34

4736

56

7229

5—

40—

9727-W40 C350 850 45

6237

6—

53—

5—

70—

9727-W45 C600 1600 5 70 — — — —

Viscosity Standardsfor Zahn, Shell,& Ford Cups

Approximate valuesare shown in TableVII. Exact valuescalculated from theequations in TableVIII are suppliedwith each standard.For moreinformation oncups, contactCannon InstrumentCompany.

Table VIII • Ranges of Viscosity Cups

CupNumber

Equations* wheret = Time of flow, seconds

ν = kinematic viscosity, mm2/s

Drain time secondsKinematic viscosity

centistokes

min max min maxZahn Cups (See ASTM D 4212)

1 ν = 1.1 (t – 29) 35 80 5 602 ν = 3.5 (t – 14) 20 80 20 2503 ν = 11.7 (t – 7.5) 20 80 100 8004 ν = 14.8 (t – 5) 20 80 200 12005 ν = 23t 20 80 400 1800

Shell Cups (See ASTM D 4212)

1 ν = 0.226 (t – 13) 20 80 2 202 ν = 0.576 (t – 5) 20 80 10 50

2½ ν = 0.925 (t – 3) 20 80 20 803 ν = 1.51 (t – 2) 20 80 30 120

3½ ν = 2.17 (t – 1.5) 20 80 40 1704 ν = 3.45 (t – 1) 20 80 70 2705 ν = 6.5 (t – 1) 20 80 125 5206 ν = 16.2 (t – 0.5) 20 80 320 1300

Ford Cups (See ASTM D 1200)

1 ν = 0.49 (t – 35.0) 55 100 10 352 ν = 1.44 (t – 18.0) 40 100 25 1203 ν = 2.31 (t – 6.58) 20 100 49 2204 ν = 3.85 (t – 4.49) 20 100 70 3705 ν = 12.1 (t – 2.00) 20 100 200 1200

*While the equations in Table VIII are widely used, the equation ν = at - b/t is often more applicable, especiallyat low flow times and low kinematic viscosity.

Equationsfor Zahn, Shell,& Ford CupsEquations for conversion ofkinematic viscosity or viscosity intoother viscometric units are givenhere. All data must be at 25°C.Note that the equations apply onlybetween the minimum andmaximum drain times shown.

CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY • 2139 HIGH TECH ROAD • STATE COLLEGE • PA • 16803-1733 • USA

800-676-6232 • 814-353-8000 • Fax 814-353-8007 • cannon@cannoninstrument.com • www.cannoninstrument.com 5

Important Information About CANNON® Viscosity StandardsMost CANNON viscosity standards are hydrocarbon-based. This includes all of the standards on pages 3, 4, and 5of this bulletin and the viscosity standards listed above. The lower viscosity hydrocarbon standards consist of mineral oilbase stocks. The higher viscosity standards (S2000 and above) are polybutenes. For all practical purposes thesestandards are Newtonian liquids. In Newtonian liquids the ratio of shear stress to rate of shear is constant at constanttemperature. Some deviation from true Newtonian response can be expected with the higher viscosity standards,especially when measurements are made at high rates of shear. Frequently the heat developed at high rates of shear cancause the standard to appear non-Newtonian when, in fact, “viscous heating” has occurred.Only hydrocarbon-based standards should be used to calibrate glass capillary viscometers and metal cup viscometers.The silicone standards listed below are intended only for rotational viscometers.

Silicone Viscosity Standards for Rotational ViscometersCANNON silicone standards are intended for calibration of rotational viscometers,such as the 2020 Series Rotary Viscometers offered by CANNON. In addition to theviscosity at 25°C, the viscosities at 20, 23, 24, 26, and 27°C are provided. CANNONhas been granted ISO 9001 registration for the manufacture and certification ofviscosity standards, including the silicone standards listed below.Viscosities for all siliconestandards sold by CANNON arebased on the National Instituteof Standards and Technology(NIST) value of 1.0016 mPa•s(centipoise) for water at 20°C(68°F). All silicone standards

are traceable to the NIST. Silicone standards are sold in 500 mLbottles.The listed silicone standards are intended for use with rotationalviscometers only. Silicone standards are not recommended for glasscapillary viscometers (including vacuum viscometers), metalcup-type viscometers (such as ISO, Zahn, Ford, Shell, and Fishercups), or any other viscometers providing kinematic viscosity.CANNON hydrocarbon-based oil standards should be used forthese types of viscometers.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Table X • Certified Data at 25°C

Viscosity(Centipoise) Krebs Unit (KU)

9727-Y10 S200(KU) 400 649727-Y15 N350(KU) 750 799727-Y20 K400(KU) 940 849727-Y25 S600(KU) 1400 959727-Y30 N1000(KU) 2000 106

Viscosity Standardsfor Thomas®-Stormer®

ViscometerThe KREBS UNIT (KU) is oftenused for the THOMAS-STORMERViscometers.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard Table IX • High-Temperature Standards

9727-U50 HT39 2.0 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C9727-U55 HT75 2.7 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C9727-U60 HT150 3.7 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C9727-U65 HT240 5.0 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C9727-U70 HT390 7.0 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C9727-U92 HTNN-1 Non-Newtonian standard, 3.6 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C and 106s-1

9727-U94 HTNN-2 Non-Newtonian standard, 3.1 mPa•s (cP) at 150°C and 106s-1

High-Temperature StandardsFor High-Temperature High-ShearViscometer measurements at 150°Cand 106s-1 shear rate. See ASTM D5481.

CatalogNumber

ViscosityStandard

Approximate ViscositymPa•s (Centipoise)

25°C (77°F)9727-Z10 RT5 4.69727-Z14 RT10 9.49727-Z18 RT50 489727-Z22 RT100 969727-Z26 RT500 4809727-Z30 RT1000 9609727-Z34 RT5000 48009727-Z38 RT12500 120009727-Z42 RT30000 290009727-Z46 RT60000 580009727-Z50 RT100000 97000

CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY • 2139 HIGH TECH ROAD • STATE COLLEGE • PA • 16803-1733 • USA

800-676-6232 • 814-353-8000 • Fax 814-353-8007 • cannon@cannoninstrument.com • www.cannoninstrument.com6

Customers frequently ask us to recommend suitable viscosity standards for their glass capillary viscometers. Our answerdepends on four factors: 1) the type of viscometer, 2) the size of the viscometer, 3) the temperature at which thekinematic viscosity determination is to be done, and 4) the availability of a stock standard that will provide the desiredviscosity at the specified temperature.The type and size of a Cannon glass capillary viscometer are easily determined. The size is permanently marked on theviscometer and the type can be identified from photographs in the Cannon catalog or from drawings in ASTM D 446.Once these two attributes are known, the viscosity range can be found by the use of tables printed in the Cannoncatalog (or ASTM D 446). If the required temperature is one at which Cannon standards are normally tested, it is thena simple matter to select a viscosity standard within the proper viscosity range for the viscometer.For example, suppose the calibration for a size 200 Cannon-Fenske Routine viscometer is to be checked at 40°C.The viscosity range of this viscometer is 20 to 100 centistokes. Note: The lower and upper ranges of most glass capillaryviscometers correspond to efflux times of 200 and 1000 seconds, respectively. The list of General Purpose ViscosityStandards on page 3 of this brochure contains three standards falling within this range at 40°C: N35, S60, and N100.Any one of these standards may be selected, because each of them provides an efflux time greater than 200 seconds asrequired by ASTM D 445. The use of long efflux times, such as 500 to 1000 seconds, does not increase the precision oraccuracy of the determination. Efflux times somewhat greater than 1000 seconds may be used without decreasing theaccuracy of the measurement.If the desired temperature is not available in a stock Cannon standard, there are three alternatives: 1) Cannon canprepare a custom standard, 2) Cannon can measure the viscosity of an existing standard at an additional temperature,or 3) the viscometer can be checked at another temperature. It should be emphasized that the calibration of the great majorityof glass capillary viscometers can be checked at a temperature for which a stock standard is available from Cannon.

Suspended level viscometers (like Cannon-Ubbelohde, Ubbelohde, and Zeitfuchs® Cross-Arm and Transparent types)possess the same viscometer constant at all temperatures. This allows them to be checked at any convenienttemperature. The constants of vacuum viscometers are also unaffected by temperature changes, permittingCannon-Manning, Asphalt Institute, and Modified Koppers vacuum viscometers to be checked at a lower temperature(important if high viscosity standards are required) even though they are used at a higher temperature. The largest sizesof vacuum viscometers must be checked at lower temperatures because no standards exist or can be made that arewithin their viscosity ranges at 60°C.If the viscometer constant changes with temperature as in the Cannon-Fenske Routine and Cannon-Fenske Opaqueviscometers, the viscometer can be calibrated at one temperature and the calibration factors calculated for othertemperatures. ASTM D 446 contains equations for these calculations. Cannon Tech Brief 101 (available on theCANNON website at www.cannoninstrument.com) demonstrates how such calculations are done. No loss of accuracyis incurred when constants are calculated in this manner. In fact, it is often more accurate to calibrate a Cannon-FenskeRoutine viscometer at 40°C and calculate the constant at 100°C than to actually do the calibration at 100°C. TechBrief 101 explains why. Call or write for your free copy.

Measured & Nominal ViscositiesThe viscosity values listed in this bulletin are nominal values provided to give an indication of the viscosity of eachstandard at particular temperatures. One specific temperature is selected for which a target viscosity is set as a goal.For example, the S60 viscosity standard has a target kinematic viscosity of approximately 60 mm2/s (cSt) at the targettemperature of 37.78°C. Cannon strives to ensure that the actual viscosity measured at the target temperature is closeto the nominal viscosity published in the catalog. Viscosities measured at each of the other temperatures reported forthe standard are dependent upon the viscosity-temperature relationship for the materials from which the standard ismade. Variations in the base materials used to prepare the standard can cause significant differences between thenominal and actual viscosities at all but the target temperature. However, be assured that the actual viscosities reportedon each label of a Cannon viscosity standard are accurate and the data traceable to NIST (National Institute ofStandards and Technology).

Buy OnlineAll CANNON standards can now be purchased online at www.cannoninstrument.com. Browse our websiteand discover a host of new resources and links to valuable viscosity information.

CANNON INSTRUMENT COMPANY • 2139 HIGH TECH ROAD • STATE COLLEGE • PA • 16803-1733 • USA

800-676-6232 • 814-353-8000 • Fax 814-353-8007 • cannon@cannoninstrument.com • www.cannoninstrument.com 7

ViscosityTraditional cgs Unit : poise (P)

1 centipoise (cP) = 0.01 poiseSI Metric Unit: pascal second (Pa•s)Conversion Factors: 1 P = 0.1 Pa•s

1 Pa•s = 10 P1 cP = 0.001 Pa•s = 1 mPa•s1 Pa•s = 1000 cP

Kinematic ViscosityTraditional cgs Unit: stokes (St)

1 centistokes (cSt) = 0.01 stokesMetric Unit: square metres per second (m2/s)Conversion Factors: 1 St = 1 x 10–4m2/s

1 m2/s = 10 000 St1 cSt = 1 x 10–6m2/s = 1 mm2/s1 m2/s = 1 000 000 cSt

Viscosity in centipoise = kinematic viscosity in centistokes x density of fluid being measured, all measured at the sametemperature.

Saybolt Viscosity (see also ASTM D 2161)

Calculating Kinematic Viscosity at Various TemperaturesViscosity-temperature chart equations (see ASTM D 341) can be used to interpolate kinematic viscosity-temperaturedata over a limited temperature range.log log Z = b0 + b1 log (t + 273)Z = ν + 0.7 + exp (– 1.47 – 1.84 ν – 0.51 ν2)ν = (Z – 0.7) – exp [ – 0.7487 – 3.295 (Z – 0.7) + 0.6119 (Z – 0.7)2 – 0.3193 (Z + 0.7)3]where: b0, b1 = constants for each specific liquid

t = temperature, °Cν =kinematic viscosity, mm2/s (cSt)

Krebs Unit (for Thomas®-Stormer® Viscometer)The KREBS UNIT is often used for the THOMAS-STORMER Viscometer, and is defined by the following equations:Over the viscosity range of 200 to 2100 mPa•s (cP):ln(KU) =1.1187 + 0.8542 ln(0.1938η + 36) – 0.0443[ln(0.1938η + 36)]2

Over the viscosity range of 2100 to 5000 mPa•s (cP):ln(KU) =1.8118 + 0.596 ln(0.1938η + 36) – 0.0206[ln(0.1938η + 36)]2

where: KU is the viscosity in Krebs Units at 25°Cη is the viscosity in mPa•s (cP) at 25°C

SUS = [1.0 + 0.000061 (t -100)]t [ ]4.6324 +v1.0 + 0.03264v

(3930.2 + 262.7 + 23.97 + 1.646 ) x 10v v v2 3 –5

SFS = 0.4717 +122°F v [ ]13924( – 72.59 + 6816)v v2

SFS = 0.4792v +210°F [ ]5610( + 2130)v2

2139 High Tech Road � State College � PA � 16803-1733 �USA800 676 6232 � 814 353 8000 � Fax 814 353 8007e-mail: cannon@cannoninstrument.com � www.cannoninstrument.com

© 2003 CANNON Instrument Company � Bulletin 437 � Printed in USA

CANNONINSTRUMENT COMPANY