Supporting information

Implantable and degradable antioxidant poly(ε-caprolactone)-lignin

nanofiber membrane for effective osteoarthritis treatment

Ruiming Liang a, 1, Jinmin Zhaoa, b, 1, Bo Li a, 1 , Peian Cai a, b, Xian Jun Loh c, Chuanhui

Xu d , Peng Chen e, *, Dan Kai c, *, Li Zheng b, *

a Department of Bone and Joint Surgery & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative

Medicine, International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue,

The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical

University, Nanning, 530021, China

b Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ

Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life

Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China

c Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis

Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634

d Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,

Singapore 308433

e School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62

Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459

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1 Ruiming Liang , Jinmin Zhao and Bo Li contributed equally to this work.

* Corresponding author. Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE),

A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.

* Corresponding author. Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for

Tissue and Organ Regeneration & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for

Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021,

China.

* Corresponding author. School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang

Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.

Corresponding author: chenpeng@ntu.edu.sg (Peng Chen), kaid@imre.a-star.edu.sg

(Dan Kai), zhengli224@163.com (Li Zheng)

S2

Supplementary Table S1. Primers for RT-PCR performance.gene Forward primer（5'-3') Reverse primer (5'-3')MMP-13 GCCATTACCAGTCTCCGAGG TACGGTTGGGAAGTTCTGGC

Il-6

CTCAATATTAGAGTCTCAACCCCC

A GAGAAGGCAACTGGACCGAA

IL-1β CAGAAGTACCTGAGCTCGCC AGATTCGTAGCTGGATGCCG

SOD ACAAAGATGGTGTGGCCGAT AACGACTTCCAGCGTTTCCT

CAT AGTGATCGGGGGATTCCAGA GAGGGGTACTTTCCTGTGGC

GSH-PX GAACCGTTCGCGGAGGAAAG AGAGCGTGAATGGGGCATAG

ATG4 CTCATCTACCTGGACCCCCA AGAATCTAGGGACAGGTTCAGGA

ATG5 GGGTCCCTCTTGGGGTACAT ACCACACATCTCGAAGCACA

ATG7 TGGTTACAAGCTTGGCTGCT TCAAGAACCTGGTGAGGCAC

P62 GGTCGCGCTCACCTTTCT TCCTTTCTCAAGCCCCATGTT

β-actin CCCATCTATGAGGGTTACGC TTTAATGTCACGCACGATTTC

Supplementary Figure S1: Characterization of PCL grafted lignin copolymer. 1H

NMR (a), chemical shifts (b), 31P NMR spectrum of the determination of hydroxyl

groups (c), and FITR (d) of PCL-g-lignin copolymer.

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Supplementary Figure S2: The DSC cure of PCL-g-lignin copolymer (a) and PCL-

lignin50 fibers (b).

Supplementary Figure S3: Degradation profiles of PCL and PCL-lignin nanofibers

in PBS solution.

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Supplementary Figure S4: IC50 (50% free radical inhibition) of the PCL-g-lignin

copolymer.

Supplementary Figure S5: The antioxidant activity of PCL-lignin50) over time, as

reported by DPPH with 2h of incubation time.

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Supplementary Table S2 Quantification of live cells, dead cells and live/dead cells

ratio with or without H2O2 exposure

PCL PCL-VE PCL-lignin50PCL

+H2O2

PCL-VE+H2O2

PCL-lignin50+H2O2

Live cells 4657±285 4764±154 4865±113 1704±255 2683±187 3125±236

Dead cells 1198±124 1115±201 1052±198 4176±351 3156±163 2637±157

Live/dead cell

ratio（%） 79.54±2.36 81.03±1.62 82.22±2.18 28.96±3.42 45.95±3.51 54.23±2.13

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