Anti gram negative drugs
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Transcript of Anti gram negative drugs
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*Anti gram negative drugs
Noreen Mohammed Naguib Mosaad
5212322G.11
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Third Generation CephalosporinsExamples:Cefoperazone
The broadest spectrums of all cephalosporins
The lowest activities against G+ vebacteria
The highest resistance to β-lactamase
The best penetration into the CSF; almost no nephrotoxicity
Some of them are effective against pseudomonas and enteric bacilli
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Fourth Generation Cephalosporins
•Examples : Cefepime
Similar to third generation
More resistant to hydrolysis by beta lactamase
It is cleared by the kidneys
It is useful in treatment of infections caused by enterobacter
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AminoglycosidesMechanism of action:
•Aminoglycosides are irreversible inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis.Antibacterial spectrum:
•All aminoglycosides are bactericidal. They are effective only against aerobic gram-negative organisms
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They include:a)Streptomycin
b)Gentamicin
c)Neomycin
d)Tobramycin
Pharmacokinetic Properties•Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed after
oraladministration, , because they are highly polar drugs. They must be given parenterally.
•Except Neomycinis neverused systemically
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Concentrations in C.S.F are inadequate even when the meninges are inflammed.
•Aminoglycosides are cleared by the kidney
Adverse effects1-Ototoxicity
2-Nephrotoxicity.Binds tightly to renal tissue. Reduce dosage in patients with renal disease
3-Hypersensitivity
Contact dermatitis is a common reaction to topically applied neomycin.
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Therapeutic usesUsed against gram-negative enteric bacteria
Used in combination with a beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g. penicillin) in order to extend coverage to include potential gram-positive pathogens.
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Thank You