[KIT MANUAL]

KIT MANUAL No. 3

2011/10/17 English ver1.01

(http://a-desk.jp/)

(CreationDate 2011/07/22)

Assembly Desk

Geiger-Müller counter tube : Adjustment . page : 01

Radiation has these types.

Alpha Rays (α)

Alpha Rays

Beta Rays

Gamma or X Rays

Helium atomic nucleus Particle Beam. +2 Small (Shut out by Paper)

Beta Rays (β) Electron beam. -1 About Medium (Shout out by AluminumSheet)

Gamma Rays (γ) Electromagnetic wave by RadioactiveDecay from Atomic nucleus. 0 High (Shout out by Tick concrete and lead plate )

X Rays (x) Electromagnetic wave span is shorterThan Artificially made ultra violet. 0 High (Shout out by Tick concrete and lead plate )

Neutron Neutron Particle Beam. 0 About Medium (Shout out by water )

Heavy Ion Ionized atom. Carbon , Neon , Argon More than +1 Small

Caution ; Gamer rays and X rays are same electromagnetic wave but distinguish by occurrence.This Air Geiger Counter kit can measure [α Rays][β Rays][γ Rays].

Paper Thin Aluminum Lead plate

This book let is Simple Explanation about Radiation and Geiger-Muller Counter Tube.All so How to Adjust this kit. (Please do adjust kit when you finish building )

1: About Radiation1 : Types of Radiation

Radiation types Essence Electric charge Permeability

Atom Types of Radial Rays Radiation Permeability

Air Geiger-Müller counter Kit

Around you there are emissive Radiation.These are few examples.

Radiation(Beta ray) is used for Electrolytic dissociation to Improve lighting speed.Source of radiation is Promethium147 (Pm-147 half-life period 2.6234 year)

Sealed in glass tube so Beta ray doesn’ t come out. nowadays switched to Long-termLuminous paint. after 2002 manufacture process has ended.

The glow lamp flash in violet used long-term luminous paint. old glow lamp which usedPromethium147 has degrade. because of half-life of promethium147 is 2.6234 year.

page : 021: About Radiation2 : Well known radiation

Lamp mantles used in lantern. To improve color Radiation ( Alpha ray )was used.Source of radiation is Thorium (Th-232) nowadays not used.

Old clock and watches use Promethium147 (Pm-147)for luminous paint.Nowadays switched to long-term luminous paint. Stop using them after year 1993.

Ionize Smoke detector use Americium241 (Am)Use radiation for Ionizing effect to detect smoke.

Thorium (Th-232) was used for filament in a vacuum tube.

Potassium radioisotope40K (Beta decay) in Natural world.Potassium is one of three measure fertilizer. The nutrient all living creature

Have got or necessary. Edible kelp [Kombu] (5300mg/100g) andPotash fertilizer (content about 10%) contain high potassium.

Radiation rays falling from space. Most of them are absorb by terrestrial magnetism orAtmospheric layer. Still high permeability cosmic ray has fallen to ground.Or collide with atmosphere to become another type of radiation rays to fall.

The Sun is burning by nuclear fusion the sun produce radiation rays. (the solar wind)By the cosmic ray ionization Aurora has observe in north and south pole.

Photo-genesis by Electron gun firesElectron (Beta Rays) to hit fluorescent material on the

Surface when Electron beam collide withShadow mask (Aperture mask) generate X rays.

To shout out X rays Braun tube is made of lead glass.JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)

Provision Measurement method of X rays leakage from Braun tube. Small amount of X ray is leaking.When you watch TV for 24 hours same amount of radiation you will receive as one X-ray examination.

Thorium (Th-232) rod is used to weld makes arc discharging easier.

Extract heat to generate by uranium nuclear fission.Emission all sorts of Radiation rays while fission.

X-rays are artificial magnetic wave. Same as Gamer rays.

2: Mechanism of Geiger-Muller Counter Tube1 : What is Geiger-Muller Counter TubeRadiation detector invented in 1925 German Physicist “Johannes Wilhelm Geiger ” and student “Walter Müller” . Shorten by GM Counter tube. In a Metallic tube (Cathode) Core wire (Anode) place in center. Needs high voltage on the other hand it can count radiation one by one. How ever unable to count strength. (speed & energy) To count the strength need proportional counterWhich made similar stricture. count the number of radiation comparative high sensitivity. Suit for Alpha rays and Beta rays. Able to count Gamer ray but percentage is very low.

2 : How the Geiger-Muller Counter Tube WorksIncoming radiation (α、β、γ rays).Collide with gas molecule (inert gas) to ionize gas.Generated electron accelerate in strong magnetic field. Accelerate electron collide again with gas to excite.Excite gas return to ground state develop ultraviolet. Ultraviolet ionize gas produce electron avalanche. Electron avalanche contact anode detect as pulse.

The other side positive ionized gas decrease electric field. Electron avalanche closure.

Positive ionized gas shift to cathode. Because of molecule it takes time to shift.Positive ionized gas arrive to cathode. Flow electric current to encourage electric avalanche.Leave it like this electron avalanche doesn’ t stop. Fill up case with electric discharge inhibition gas. to prevent electric current.

Electric discharge inhibition gas receive positive electric charge.Electric discharge inhibition gas arrival cathode. This time doesn’ t encourage electron avalanche. Electric discharge inhibition gas returns to molecule.

Count with Microcomputer（cps / cpm / µSv/h）

+3000V ~ 4000V

3 : Air Geiger-Muller Counter TubeAir Geiger-Muller counter tube is use object around you to build Geiger-Muller counter tube.Here is comparison with Standard Geiger-Muller counter tube and Air Geiger-Muller counter tube.

page : 03

Inert Gas Ar (Argon), He (Helium) N (Nitrogen) Continuance Electric Discharge Inhibition Gas Halogen gas Butane gasInternal pressure 0.1 atm 1 atmApplied Voltage 500-700V 3000-5000VEntrance window Mica Food wrapping sheet

Specification Standard Geiger-Muller counter Air Geiger-Muller counter

Anode

0VCathode

Radiation collide with Inert gas Ionize gas

Radiation

Receive positive electric charge. Stops electron avalanche.

Ionized electron produce electron avalanche. Electron avalanche heading to anode.

Electric Discharge Inhibition Gas (Butane Gas)

Inert Gas (Nitrogen)

From next page parts need to tune in High voltages 3000V~4000VWhen you are tuning please take extra care for electrocution.

For building by a child please supervise with adult.

3: How to use Air Geiger-Muller Counter Kit1 : Operating guideWhen you finish building air Geiger counter kit．Switch on the power applied voltage to Geiger-Muller tube will increase. About first 1 minutes voltage & tube are unstable wait until stable.

Voltage setting can be adjust with a switch next to USB connector on the side. To stop operating error this switch is small & deep. Use tip of ballpoint pen to push it.

Monitoring logs can beMade follows.Use USB cable to connectThis counter with PC toStart data logger software. Unit can be witch to[cpm]⇔[μSv] to display.

Data logging software The Picture next to This in Japanese but English version Will be available.

page : 04

Geiger-Müller counter tube : Data logger .

2 : How to Adjust Air Geiger-Muller Counter Tube

When you increase impression voltage of Geiger-Muller counter Tube. Counting number will increase asRaising voltage. counting number will be stable when voltage reach certain range. This range called “Plateau voltage” . Radiation counting will be done in this Plateau range.

[1] Plateau voltages

[2] Adjustment Radioactive Material Tuning air Geiger-Muller tube easier to adjust when you have radioactive material. Here is couple of things easier to find.

The range plateau voltage of ordinary Geiger-Muller counter tube is about 500- 700V. Number is depend on the tube. However the case of air Geiger-Muller counter tubePlateau voltage will depend on how you make the tube or amount of butane gas used. Use this kit to build a tube. Plateau voltage range will be 3000V-4000V.

WARNINGHIGH VOLTAGE

ELECTRICALSHOCK

reduced salt food products using “potassium chloride(KCL)” instead of NaClcan be detect small amount of radiation.

Look at the label of ingredient list and choose high in potassium.

Used in accessory etc. uranium beads release radiation can be detect that.

Real time Display

Start Plateau Measuring

Start LoggingEnd of LoggingPlateauMesurring endClear DataSaving byCSV Format

[cpm] , [µSv/h] unit select

Display the Log Data

3: How to use Air Geiger-Muller Counter Kit2 : Adjustment for Air Geiger-Muller Counting Tube

page : 05

3500 0

3510 3

3520 63530 20

3540 35

3550 68

3560 1013570 119

3580 149

3590 173

3600 1903610 189

3620 192

3630 196

3640 1903650 218

3660 1893670 210

3680 210

3690 456

3700 1519

Butane gas is heavier than air. Fill up like pouring. While you are filling please watch out for fire. To do this make sure switch off and remove battery.When gas has filled tube install incident film. How to install that look back [KIT MANUAL no1( 7p 1-5 [Install Incidence Film] ) ]

Butane gas doesn’ t diffuse instant wait for few minutes.

Turn on Increase voltage one minutes at time to find plateau voltage.(Between 3000V to 4000V voltage for horizontal axis CPM for vertical axis to draw a graph)Plateau voltage is depend on quality of tube.When you make it nice plateau voltage appears under 3200V.

Voltage CPM result for measurement and that graph

[ If Plateau Voltage Doesn’t Show up ]

Adjustment is completed when 10 ~ 40CPM in plateau voltage.Close by testing radioactive material to confirm motion.

At one radiation detect looks like counting multiple number then too much gas.Increase voltage near 4000V but if CPM dose not raise then too less gaas. 　Try it until right adjusting can be made. Take time please be patient!!

[3] Adjustment for Air Geiger-Muller Counting TubeTo adjust tube there are two ways to do by [ Butane gas density ] or [ Impression voltage ] .

When you increase [Butane gas density] plateau voltage will lowers.When you increase [Butane gas density] too much. One radiation detecting count multiple numbers.[Butane gas density] too low difficult to detect.To start filling butane gas (lighter fluid) by guessing. Increase voltage slowly from 3000V.

[ Butane gas density ]

[ Impression voltage ]

V (High voltage) cpm

This rating and graph testing radiation has used.

[Plateau Voltage]

Question Answer

AnswerQuestion

Answer

Question Answer

Question Answer

Question Answer

Question Answer

4: If Difficult to Measure1 : Re cheeking point

Voltage doesn’ t increase to setting. (under 1000V)

Voltage doesn’ t increase to setting. (over 1000V)

Dose 006p battery in the counter? USB doesn’ t have enough power to raise voltage.

006p Battery is getting weak? Please change to new battery.Battery need to change about four hours.

page : 06

[1] Voltage doesn’t increase.

[2] Voltage increase even doesn’t detect.Please check list of things below.

Make sure tube is made right again.Anode length is same as manual?Tip of Anode turn in thin? Is tube is air tight?Butane gas setting is ok?

2 : If You wounder Broken?

High frequency coming from this kit. It is normal.While boosting transformer it oscillate. That oscillating vibrate transformer to makes noise.

When you switch on but LCD doesn’ t show. 　

Use screw driver to turn potentiometer [VR1]　When you do this please watch out for high voltage.

It is working fine.Ultraviolet from the sun interfere with detecting.　When you measure radiation color incidencefilm to black or measure at night.

When kit face sun it detect radiation.

Turn off LCD back light to save energy. 　(Use soldering iron to remove J1 at back of LCD )

Battery runs out too fast.

Geiger-Müller counter tube : Adjustment . page : 07

1 - 0 : MEMO

If you fined any fault with this products please send us e-mail info@bit-trade-one.co.jp

(cooperate with) Absolute Inc

(Supervision&technical cooperation with) Mr Yasuyuki Onodera

(Produce & Develop By) Bit Trade One, LTD8-10-18 Friend building Sagamihara Chuouku Sagamihara city Kanagawa Prefecture

page : 08Geiger-Müller counter tube : Adjustment .1 : Adjustment For Display

2 : production notes

[LCD Display]CPS (count in 1 second)CPM (count in 1 minutes)Aiming voltage (Set it best detecting)Present voltage (control to aiming voltage)

[Power switch]Turn it off when not in use.

[USB mini B Receptacle]Use USB to connect to PCTo take data logging 　(Works stand alone)

[Voltage Adjust Switch]Adjust to quality of tube.Sensitive adjusting can be done.

Increase or decreaseVoltage by 5V at the time.

[Geiger-Muller Tube]Radiation detect as pulse.

Change display to simplified µSv/h

e 電子工房E i n s t e i n ' s e l e c t r o n i c l a b

( Air Geiger-Muller counter Tube WebSite )

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