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6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia These four kingdoms are believed to have evolved from the Archaebacteria. Formerly grouped as one kingdom known as the Monerans.

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Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Most cells are 1 -10 m in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms Has nucleus Many organelles Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 m in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

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Types of Nutrition Autotrophs: (able to make own food) 1.) Photosynthetic -organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food 2.) Chemosynthetic -simple nonliving chemical nutrients such as H 2 S, sulfur, and iron are consumed and made into living tissue; makes its own food Heterotrophs : (unable to make own food) 1.) Ingestion: organism eats other organisms or their organic byproducts 2.) Absorption: produces enzymes that break down food particles outside the body, then absorb the digested molecules

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Kingdom Archaebacteria Cell Type: prokaryotes (original life form on earth; gave rise to eukaryotes) Body Forms: unicellular Cell Structure: have cell walls that contain lipids found in no other organism; have genetic material but lack nuclear membrane or other membrane-bound organelles. Nutrition: autotrophs or heterotrophs Habitat: extreme environments such as d deep sea volcanic vents, hot springs

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Kingdom Archaebacteria Other Important Information: fewer than 100 species are believed to exist Sketches of Cellular Examples: Examples: methanic bacteria, halophile bacteria, anaerobic bacteria

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Kingdom Eubacteria Cell Type: Prokaryotes - considered the true bacteria Body Forms: unicellular Cell Structure: cell walls made of peptidoglycans; have genetic material but lack nuclear membrane and membrane- bound organelles Nutrition: photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs; heterotrophic forms too Habitat: Common environments land, water and air; live in and on organisms

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Kingdom Eubacteria Other Important Information: extremely diverse more than 5000 species exist. Ecologically important as decomposers. Symbiotic relationships with humans mutualistic in gut; parasitic when they cause disease. Sketches of Cellular Examples: Examples: Anthrax, E. coli, Salmonella, Gonorrhea

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Kingdom Protista Cell Type: Eukaryotes Body Forms: mostly unicellular, some multicellular, some colonial Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane- bound organelles; some have cell walls made of cellulose, pectin or silica Nutrition: photosynthetic autotrophs and heterotrophs that use ingestion or absorption Habitat: freshwater and ocean water, in and on organisms

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Kingdom Protista Other Important Information: the catch-all kingdom; range from microscopic to 150 feet long in size; some are animal-like, some are plant-like; some cause disease. Sketches of Cellular Examples: Examples: kelp, algae, slime mold, Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena, diatoms

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Kingdom Fungi Cell Type: Eukaryotes Body Forms: some unicellular, most multicellular Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane-bound organelles but lack chloroplasts; cell walls made of chitin; some have more than one nucleus and some have openings between adjacent cells Nutrition: heterotrophic (absorption) Habitat: most are terrestrial, some live on or in organisms

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Kingdom Fungi Other Important Information: Ecological importance as decomposers. Many have relationships with other organisms. In humans- parasitic fungus cause athletes foot and ringworm. Mutualistic examples too: mychorrizae in plants and lichens with algae. Sketches of Cellular Examples: Examples: bread mold, yeast, mushrooms, mildew, mold, truffles

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Kingdom Plantae Cell Type: Eukaryotes Body Forms: multicellular Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane- bound organelles; have chloroplasts; cell walls made of cellulose; have large central vacuoles; vascular plants have advanced tissues and organs Nutrition: photosynthetic autotrophs Habitat: mostly terrestrial

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Kingdom Plantae Other Important Information: plants are the base of terrestrial food chains; more than 262,000 species exist Sketches of Cellular Examples: Examples: moss, ferns, pine trees, oak trees, shrubs, flowers, grass

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Kingdom Animalia Cell Type: Eukaryotes Body Forms: multicellular Cell Structure: have a nucleus with genetic material and other membrane- bound organelles; but no chloroplasts and no cell walls; most have advanced differentiation of tissues and complex organs Nutrition: heterotrophic Habitat: land, water, air

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Kingdom Animalia Other Important Information: the most diverse of all kingdoms in appearance; most are motile (they can move) Sketches of Cellular Examples Examples: sponges, worms, snails, insects (ants, grasshoppers), birds, snake, fish, elephant, human