Use the words in RED to fill in the blanks!

3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

• Domain Archaea– Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Domain Bacteria– Kingdom Eubacteria

• Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Protista– Kingdom Fungi– Kingdom Plantae– Kingdom Animalia

Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes• No nucleus• No membrane-bound

organelles• Most 1 -10 μm in size• Evolved 3.5 billion

years ago• Only Archaebacteria

and Eubacteria Kingdoms

• Has nucleus• Many organelles• Many 2-1,000 μm in

size• Evolved 1.5 billion

years ago• Includes Protista,

Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

Types of Nutrition: Autotrophs or Heterotrophs

• Autotrophs: 1.) photosynthetic -organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food, and 2.) chemosynthetic -simple nonliving chemical nutrients such as H2S, sulfur, and iron is consumed and made into living tissue; makes its own food. All autotrophs make their own food!

• Heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make its own food—must eat other organisms or organic wastes– Absorbers: produces enzymes that break down food

particles outside its body, then absorbs the digested molecules

Prokaryotic cells Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Domains

Bacteria Shapes

Coccus (spherical shaped) Bacillus (rod shaped)

Spirillum(spiral/curved walls)

Singular PluralCoccus cocciBacillus bacilliSpirillum spirilla

Singular PluralCoccus cocciBacillus bacilliSpirillum spirilla

halophile

halophile

halophile

methanic

methanic

sulfurous

Kingdom Archaebacteria• Cell Type: Prokaryotes (original life form on earth and

gave rise to eukaryotes; believed to be the ancestors of the protists; called the “ancient bacteria”)

• Cell structure: no nucleus, no organelles, have cell walls that contain lipids found in no other organism

• Body Forms: unicellular• Nutrition: autotrophs or heterotrophs• Niche: extreme environments such as deep sea volcanic

vents, hot springs, salt flats and brine pools, and black organic mud that lacks oxygen (anaerobic)

• Reproduction: asexual (binary fission)• Neat Facts: fewer than 100 species

Examples of Archaebacteria

• Halophiles (Salt lovers)

• Acidophiles (love acidic environments)

• Sulfurous bacteria (high sulfur environments)

• Methanic bacteria (high methane environments)

• Anaerobic bacteria (no oxygen)

Kingdom Eubacteria

Domain Eubacteria• Cell Type: Prokaryotes - gave rise to eukaryote cell

organelles; believed to be the ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts; considered the “true bacteria”

• Cell Structure: no nucleus; no organelles; cell walls contain complex carbohydrates; all species have at least one inner cell membrane

• Body Forms: unicellular• Nutrition: photosynthetic and chemical autotrophs, and

heterotrophs• Niche: Common environments, live in and on organisms• Reproduction: mainly asexual (binary fission); sexual

(conjugation)• Neat Facts: extremely diverse—5,000 species; many cause

disease; some make vitamins and help with digestion; used for food and drugs; decomposers, fix nitrogen

Examples of Eubacteria

• Strep (Streptococcus aureus)

• Cyanobacteria

• Salmonella

• Clostridium botulinum

• E. coli

Bacterial Fossils of blue-green algaecyanobacteria

Algal mats preserved in rock Modern day

3.2 billion years old2.6 billion years old

Eukaryotic Cells – Domain Eukarya, Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and

Animalia

Protists – yellow; fungi – red; plantae – green; animalia - blue

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protistafrom microscopic to 150 feet large

(the “catch-all kingdom”)

Diversity in Kingdom Protista

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista

• Cell Type: Eukaryotes (“catch all” kingdom) • Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, and

some have chloroplasts • Body Forms: mostly unicellular, some multicellular,

some colonial• Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic; ingestion,

absorption, or photosynthesis• Niche: freshwater and ocean water, in and on

organisms; anywhere where there is water or a moist environment

• Reproduction: asexual or sexual• Neat Facts: autotrophic protists produce 1/3 of

oxygen in the atmosphere; wide range of sizes

Examples of Protists

• Euglena• Paramecium• Amoeba• Diatoms• Slime mold• Algae• Kelp• Red Tide

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Fungi

• Cell Type: Eukaryotes • Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, but no

chloroplasts; cell wall of chitin • Body Forms: some unicellular, most multicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic (absorption); mostly

decomposers• Niche: most are terrestrial (land), some live on

organisms • Reproduction: asexual and sexual (rarely) • Neat Facts: some cause disease; fix nitrogen; make

medicine and foods; major decomposers

Examples of Fungi

• Bread molds

• Mushrooms

• Yeast

• Mildews

• Truffles

• Penicillium

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Plantae• Cell Type: Eukaryotes • Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, and

chloroplasts; cell walls of cellulose; advanced differentiation of tissues (roots, leaves, reproductive structures)

• Body Forms: multicellular • Nutrition: photosynthetic terrestrial autotrophs• Niche: on land (terrestrial)• Reproduction: sexual• Neat Facts: provide oxygen; convert energy to food;

used for paper, textiles, medicine

Examples of Plants

• Trees

• Flowers

• Ferns

• Mosses

• Grasses

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia• Cell Type: Eukaryotes • Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria,

but no chloroplasts and no cell walls; advanced differentiation of tissues and complex organs

• Body Forms: multicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic• Niche: anywhere—land (most), water, sea and

air• Reproduction: sexual and asexual • Neat Facts: used for food, clothing

Examples of Animals

• Snails• Sponges• Fish• Turtles• Snakes• Mammals• Birds• Worms• Insects

Homework

• Use your notes to complete the chart entitled “Major Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms”

Major Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms

PHYLUM Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

CELL TYPE(prokaryote or eukaryote)

Prokaryotes (gave rise to eukaryotes); “ancient bacteria”

Prokaryotes (gave rise to eukaryotic cell organelles); “true bacteria”

Eukaryotes (catch-all kingdom)

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Eukaryotes

CELL STRUCTURE(description of various organelles)

Have cell walls, lack cell nuclei, and membrane-bound organelles

Cell walls contain complex carbohydrates; all have at least one inner cell membrane

Have a nucleus, mitochondria, some have chloroplasts

Have a nucleus, mitochondria, but no chloroplasts;Has cell wall of chitin

Have a nucleus, mitochrondria, chloroplasts, cell walls of cellulose; tissue differentiation

Have a nucleus, mitochondria, no chloroplasts, no cell wall; advanced tissue/ organ differentiation

BODY FORMS(unicellular or multicellular) 

Unicellular Unicellular Mostly unicellular, some multi-cellular; colonial

Some unicellular, most multicellular 

Multicellular Multicellular

NUTRITION(autotophic or heterotrophic)

Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Photosynthetic and chemical Autotrophs,and heterotrophs

Autotrophic or heterotrophic;

Heterotrophic (absorption);mostlydecomposers

Photosynthetic terrestrial autotrophs

Heterotrophic

NICHE(where they live)

extreme environ-ments, no oxygen, volcanic vents, hot springs, brine pools

Common environments;Live in and on organisms

Freshwater, seawater, in and on organisms

Most are terrestrial, live on organisms

terrestrial  

Anywhere – land, freshwater, oceans, air

REPRODUCTION(asexual or sexual)

Asexual Asexual Both Both Sexual Sexual

NEAT FACTS Fewer than 100 species

Many cause disease; some make vitamins; used for food/drugs

Autotrophic protests produce 1/3 of O2 in

atmosphere

Some cause disease; fix nitrogen; make medicine; release free O2 into air

Provide O2;

convert energy to food; used for paper, textiles, meds

Food; clothing

EXAMPLES   

Methanic bacteria, halophile bacteria; anaerobic bacteria; acidophile bacteria

Strep, anthrax, cyanobacteria, salmonella, gonorrhea, E.coli

Algae, kelp, slime molds, red tides, amoeba, paramecium

Bread molds, mushrooms, yeast, mildews, truffles, penicillin

Trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, grasses, vascular & non-vascular plants

Snails, turtles, fish, mammals, birds, insects, spiders, snakes, worms