(Software SW)

(batch processing)

(Jobs):,

(interactive processing)

, ,

(Software)

To (shell) (interface)

(booting process)

1: 1: ((bootstrap program) bootstrap program) . . ( (mass storage)mass storage)

22:: ( (bootstrap program) bootstrap program) . .

(time-sharing) (process) A B

client/server

clients servers (distributed)

(deadlock)

(Network topologies) ()

()() ( )( )

(Network topologies)

()() ()()

(bridge) (router)

busbus

busbus starstar InternetInternet

Internet

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

. . ((HyperTextHyperText Transfer Transfer Protocol Protocol -- http)http)

host host

( (directory directory path) path) hosthost

Web HTML

Web Web My Web PageMy Web Page , , . .

Tag Tag

Tag Tag (())

browser()

(ring network)

(bus network)

Package-shipping ( )

(Internet software layers)

()

.

()

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

(batch processing) (interactive processing) (Software)To (shell) (interface) (booting process) (time-sharing) (process) A B client/server clients servers (deadlock) (Network topologies) () (Network topologies) (bridge) (router) Internet URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Web HTML (ring network) (bus network) Package-shipping ( ) (Internet software layers) () () TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)