&

. &., 2

. &., 3

: ( ): ( ):: :

:

h: V 2/2g: z:

. : =z z +hf +h ( V 2/2g ). : =z z +hf =

=z z +JL J L .

V 2/2g

h

V 2/2gh

z

z

,

. &., 4

:P = gQH ( Q ) :W = gVH ( V) :P = gQH /n ( n) :E = gVH /n

P0 ( 200kW)

(n =1) Q H =P0 / (gQ).

n P .

0102030405060708090

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600, Q (L/s)

(

m

)

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91

,

n

(Q) (Q) 1 n(Q)

PUMPEX K 304-CE4 458 mm

. &., 5

=f(Q).

=(Q). :

=(Q) =z +JL z =z z,J L .

J ( Manning):

()(Q,H) f(Q) =(Q)

J=

43+N2Q22D5+

11+

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600, Q (L/s)

(

m

)

f(Q)(Q)

. &., 6

. .

, :.. .

.

, .

(Q,H) (Q,H) ( 2).

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200, Q (L/s)

(

m

)

1 2

Q Q

. &., 7

,

.

.

, .

(Q,H) (Q,H) ( 2 )

0

40

80

120

160

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600, Q (L/s)

(

m

)

1 2

H

H

. &., 8

.

. , ,

:(1)

,(2)

,

(3) . 1 2 , 1 3.

(. 3).

, ( / ).

. &., 9

1: n

.

( ) , 0.95. .

, (..Q =Q/2 ) n, ,

, n .

, (..http://impeller.net/spaix.asp?LGG=en)

, : , , .

n=n

1

3

1/n3

+Q/

n

=0.95=0.14L/s

. &., 10

2:

, .

(,,Q) =f(Q) H =P0 / (gQ).

(dH/dQ) =P0 / (gQ2)= , / Q. =f(Q) .

=2, (, / Q) Q.

. &., 11

3:

4050 . (

) 2025 . n

. 1 ( P)

1 ( ) :

i (,48%) n (..50).

. . F

, P :

F () P ( ). .

A P =

i (1 + i)n(1 + i)n 1

P F =

1(1 + i)n

1: 2: 3: