. /2 .

+ + + O

1968 Siperstein=H 1971 Williamson= 1990 . 1990

1

KROCSTENOOSLOSTOCKHOLM7232461008244160MELETH

ATOMA

()

DCCT

1422 (99%) DCCT

N 70-120 mg/dl

M 65 mg/dl

b1c

ETH ME

b1c

27%60%76%>1>3 > 3

N=332N=36352 (2,4)62 (2,9)49 (2,2)26 (1,1)45 (2,0)21 (1,9) Laser :/100

34%54%22%46%54%E >3 >3 .Laser

27 %60 %76 %34 %54 %46 %54 % >3 >3 .Laser 1 >3 >3

HBA1c

2

UKPDS

HbA1c cross-sectional, median values

Hypoglycaemic episodes per annumActual Therapy analysis

Glucose Control Study SummaryThe intensive glucose control policy maintained a lower HbA1c by mean 0.9 % over a median follow up of 10 years from diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with reduction in risk of:12%for any diabetes related endpointp=0.02925%for microvascular endpointsp=0.009916%for myocardial infarctionp=0.05224%for cataract extractionp=0.04621%for retinopathy at twelve yearsp=0.01533%for albuminuria at twelve yearsp=0.000054

1148 2 A< 144 / 82 mmHg any diabetes-related endpoint24% p=0.0046diabetes-related deaths32%p=0.019stroke44%p=0.013microvascular disease37%p=0.0092 heart failure56%p=0.0043retinopathy progression34%p=0.0038deterioration of vision47%p=0.0036

1c (~1%) /

10

/