2 : : 792 : : 5/12/12

. , : : (Transmission Electron Microscopy) (Scanning Electron Microscopy) (Atomic Force Microscopy) (Dynamic Light Scattering) (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) Fourier(Fourier Transfrom Infrared Spectroscopy) /(Uv/Vis Spectroscopy) (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) BET(Brunauer, Emmet and Teller Theory)

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(TEM) (TEM) ( , , , , ) (, ).

3 , , . (~100300 kV), , ( 100eV ( -), - (XPS). , , , ( ), -( ) .

XPS -X . p > 10eV, , . , , (). -, Al-K1,2 (=1486,6eV) MgK1,2 (=1253,6eV), Al Mg . - (synchrotron radiation) 20eV 1000 eV. -8-

XPS : h 1 E . : EKIN.=h-EB-(Evac.-EFermi) , vac.-EFermi , e.

, . , , , .[6][7][8]

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FOURIER(FTIR) . , . , (wagging), (rocking), (twisting), (scissoring), .. = h IR ( I) . FT-IR. Michelson, . ( Fourier) IR. Fourier Michelson. Michelson , . , .

FT-IR . . IR , , , KBr 50% 50% .

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45, , , . IR , (fixed mirror) (sliding). , L . . IR , (L+d), . , =2d. , , . , . FT-IR . , , , . . , . , , .[9][10]

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[1]http://invenio.lib.auth.gr/record/114061/files/ginis.pdf?version=1 [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_light_scattering [5] http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/bitstream/10889/2124/1/phd%20anastasia%20vs%20final.pdf [6] http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/bitstream/10889/709/1/Nimertis_Kotsionopoulos%28cm%29.pdf [7] http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/bitstream/10889/1627/1/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%20%CE%A3.%CE%93.%20%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE %AE%20%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AE.pdf [8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_photoelectron_spectroscopy [9] http://www.optics-vision.gr/files/items/2/26/tsiapa_eirini_2008.pdf [10] http://www.chem.uoa.gr/courses/organiki_1/fasm_org/Chapter_3_4.pdf [11] http://www.chemistry.uoc.gr/nmr/lectures/Lecture1.pdf