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435:

1 ;to understand humancomputer interaction need to understand computers!

what goes in and outdevices, paper,sensors, etc.what can it do?memory, processing,networks19/09/2014Na doume dinates epiloges siskevon eisodou-e3odou pou mporoume na xrisimopoiisoume se ena diadrastiko sistima

Na 3eroume ta pleonektimata-meionektimata tis kathe siskevis oste na tekmirionetai i epilogi tis kathe siskevis en sxesi me tis apaitiseis tou sikekrimenou xristi k ergasias2 ( )

?19/09/2014variationsdesktoplaptopPDA

the devices dictate the styles of interaction that the system supportsIf we use different devices, then the interface will support a different style of interaction3 ?

PCTV, VCR, DVD, HiFi, cable/satellite TVmicrowave, cooker, washing machinecentral heatingsecurity system ?

PDAphone, camerasmart card, card with magnetic strip?electronic car keyUSB memory19/09/20144 ( Ubiquitous Computing)sensorsand deviceseverywhere

19/09/2014Richer interaction everywhere

Isos enas apo tous paragontes e3eli3eis, ektos apo to internet, na einai i emfanisi prosopikon ipologiston allagi xrisis HY apo genikis xrisis se mixani ipostiri3is. Gia tin ikanopoiisi ton anagkon exoun anaptixthei grafikes diafaneies k dimiourgithei nea mesa alllilepidrasis 5 : / Joystick (touchscreens) , , + OCR + +

19/09/20146 keyboards (QWERTY et al.)chord keyboards, phone pads7 QWERTYDvorak (ABCD) 19/09/2014Keypress closes connection, causing a character code to be sentUsually connected by cable, but can be wireless

Dvorak (10% taxitero)

8 QWERTY1870 - Christopher Latham Sholes .

19/09/2014Standardised layout protipi diata3ibut non-alphanumeric keys are placed differently (p.4.)accented symbols needed for different scriptsminor differences between UK and USA keyboards

QWERTY arrangement not optimal for typing layout to prevent typewriters jamming!Alternative designs allow faster typing but large social base of QWERTY typists produces reluctance to change.

9Dvorak1920 10% -15% ( QWERTY) Dvorak QWERTY 19/09/2014AKOLOUTHEI PARADEIGMA

Dvorakcommon letters under dominant fingersbiased towards right handcommon combinations of letters alternate between hands10-15% improvement in speed and reduction in fatigueBut - large social base of QWERTY typists produce market pressures not to change

VS

Alphabetickeys arranged in alphabetic ordernot faster for trained typistsnot faster for beginners either!

10

19/09/201411 (ABCD) : : QWERTY QWERTY

19/09/2014Alphabetickeys arranged in alphabetic ordernot faster for trained typistsnot faster for beginners either!

12 (special keyboards) ..

19/09/2014An kai einai pio diskola apo ta alla pliktrologia iparxoun periptoseis pou o xristis xreiazetai na doulevei me to ena xeri

Akolouthei Chord Keyboards example

13

(Chord Keyboards) (4-6) ( ) ( ) ( ):

19/09/2014-compact size ..ideal for portable applications-short learning time ..keypresses reflect letter shape-Fast once you have trained

BUT - social resistance, plus fatigue(Kourasi) after extended useNEW niche market for some wearables

14 (Phone Pad and T9 entry) :2 a b c6 - m n o3 - d e f7 - p q r s4 - g h i8 - t u v5 - j k l9 - w x y z ! (T9)

19/09/2014T9 predictive entrytype as if single key for each letteruse dictionary to guess the right wordhello = 43556 but 26 -> menu am or an

15 (Numeric keypad) :calculator, PC keyboard

456789*0#1234561230.=789telephonecalculator19/09/2014not the same!!

ATM like phone

16: ( ) ( ) : PC IBM backslash (\) SHIFT ENTER.. Delete, Backspace 19/09/2014P1.2 Lanthasmeni diata3i17 mouse, touchpadtrackballs, joysticks 18 / (menu, , , CAD .) , (.. , ) , . (.. , .) (scrolling), / , 19/09/201419 () (touch screens) (light pen) (trackball) (joystick) (digitizing tablet)touchpad (cursor keys)

19/09/201420 , 19/09/201421

19/09/2014 () Fitt , W, D . Fitt : = C1 + C2 log2 (2D/W)

19/09/2014Fitt- empeiriko montelo gia tin apodosi mias diepifanias kata ton sxediasmo tis

C1, C2 = apo peiramatikes metriseis + xaraktiristikes gia kathe siskevi

23 Fitt: C1 = 0,2 , C2= 0,1. 2 cm, 10 cm .

= C1 + C2 log2 (2D/W)

19/09/201424

Cursor keysEyegazeTouchpadDiscrete positioning controls19/09/2014Touchpad small touch sensitive tablets, stroke to move mouse pointer, used mainly in laptop computersTrackball - ball is rotated inside static housing, fairly accurate, very fast for gaming, used in some portable and notebook computers.Joystick - pressure of stick = velocity of movement, often used for computer games, (aircraft controls and 3D navigation)Touch-sensitive screen - Detect the presence of finger or stylus on the screen, Advantages (fast, and requires no specialised pointer, good for menu selection, suitable for use in hostile environment: clean and safe from damage), Disadvantages (finger can mark screen, imprecise (finger is a fairly blunt instrument!) - difficult to select small regions or perform accurate drawing, lifting arm can be tiring)Stylus - small pen-like pointer to draw directly on screen, may use touch sensitive surface or magnetic detection, used in PDA, tablets PCs and drawing tablesDigitizing tablet - Mouse like-device with cross hairs, used on special surface - rather like stylus-, very accurate - used for digitizing maps)Eyegaze - control interface by eye gaze direction e.g. look at a menu item to select it, uses laser beam reflected off retina a very low power laser! , mainly used for evaluation (ch x), potential for hands-free control, high accuracy requires headset, cheaper and lower accuracy devices available, sit under the screen like a small webcamCursor keys - Four keys (up, down, left, right) on keyboard, Very very cheap but slow, Useful for not much more than basic motion for text-editing tasks, No standardised layout but inverted T, most commonDiscrete positioning controls - in phones, TV controls etc (cursor pads or mini-joysticks, discrete left-right and up-down, mainly for menu selection)

25 , Handwriting & Speech recognition26 (Scanner) 6002400 dpi .. .

19/09/2014Two sorts of scannerflat-bed: paper placed on a glass plate, whole page converted into bitmaphand-held: scanner passed over paper, digitising strip typically 3-4 wideShines light at paper and note intensity of reflectioncolour or greyscale

USE document storage and retrieval systems, doing away with paper storage special scanners for slides and photographic negativesdesktop publishing for incorporating photographs and other images

27 OCR Paper based interaction, , , 19/09/2014Optical character recognition-OCR converts bitmap back into text-different fontscreate problems for simple template matching algorithmsmore complex systems segment text, decompose it into lines and arcs, and decipher characters that way-page formatcolumns, pictures, headers and footers

Paper-based interaction-paper usually regarded as output only-can be input too OCR, scanning, etc.-Xerox PaperWorksglyphs small patterns of /\\//\\\used to identify forms etc.used with scanner and fax to control applications-more recentlypapers micro printed - like wattermarksidentify which sheet and where you arespecial pen can read locationsknow where they are writing

28 : : , ( , ) . ( , , - , - , ) . .19/09/201429Have speech interfaces come of age?

19/09/201430 bitmap screens (CRT & LCD)large & situated displaysdigital paper, printers31 (CRT) (LCD) (Plasma) (Light Emitting Diodes LED) (dot-matrix) (inkjet) (thermal) faxLaser printers (photographic)19/09/201432 (Refresh rate) (Resolution) (flatness) (Contrast between characters and background) (Brightness) (Flicker) (sharpness) (character formation) (Tolerance for vibration)19/09/201433 200-300 . , , . ( ) 30% .19/09/2014Erotisi: alloi logoi pou kapios mporei na thelei na diavazei apo xarti?Organosi, simeioseis, Evkolia aporrofisis apo tin mnimi 34 - .19/09/201435 20% ( ) . (serif sans serif) . 10% . 50% .8-15 . 3-5 .19/09/201436 (situated displays) large or small , 19/09/201437small displays beside office doorshandwritten notes left using stylusoffice owner reads notes using web interface

Hermes a situated displaysmall displaysbesideoffice doorshandwrittennotes leftusing stylusoffice ownerreads notesusing web interface

19/09/2014Paradeigma ensomatpomenis othonis se grafeio. Grafoun simeioseis pros ton dievthinti

38. (Digital paper) ;

19/09/201439 19/09/201440 - (concatenated speech). , . .. , . i , . 33 40 .19/09/201441 (, , .) , . 19/09/201442 virtual reality and 3D interaction

43 (.. , , ), ( ), ( , ).: (immersion systems) Head-mounted display (dataglove) (datasuite) (desktop VR systems)19/09/20143D entertainment (games, movies, etc)

data glove - fibre optics used to detect finger position

whole body tracking accelerometers strapped to limbs or reflective dots (aisthitires) + video processing

desktop VR = ordinary screen, mouse or keyboard control but perspective and motion give 3D effect

44VR headsetssmall TV screen for each eyeslightly different angles3D effect

19/09/2014Doiaforetikes othones gia to kathe mati -- > dinoun tin aisthisi tis pragmatikotitas45 (VR motion sickness) (time delay) (depth perception) 19/09/2014time delaymove head lag display movesconflict: head movement vs. Eyes

depth perceptionheadset gives different stereo distancebut all focused in same planeconflict: eye angle vs. Focus

46 (simulators and VR caves)

19/09/2014Idravliki kinisi - komation spilias, i olis tis spilias47 . , -, , , , .19/09/201448physical controls, sensors etc.special displayssound, touch, feel, smellphysical controlsenvironmental and bio-sensing 49Touch, feel, smelltouch and feeling importantin games vibration, force feedbackin simulation feel of surgical instrumentscalled haptic devices

texture, smell, tastecurrent technology very limited

19/09/201450

BMW iDrivefor controlling menusfeel small bumps for each itemmakes it easier to select options by feel uses haptic technology from Immersion Corp.

19/09/201451physical controlsspecialist controls needed industrial controls, consumer products, etc.

large buttonsclear dialstiny buttonsmulti-functioncontroleasy-cleansmooth buttons19/09/2014PlintiriaTilefonaVenty mashines

52

Environment and bio-sensingsensors all around uscar courtesy light small switch on doorultrasound detectors security, washbasinsRFID security tags in shopstemperature, weight, location

and even our own bodies iris scanners, body temperature, heart rate, galvanic skin response, blink rate

Parking Sensor19/09/2014Aisthitiras gia parking

Aisthitira sigkrousis

RFID security tags = Gia ton sinagermo

car courtesy light =Aisthitiras pou meionei ta fota an 3exasoume ta dinata mas

Aisthitiras pou elegei to soma mas gia an eimaste methismenoi oste na stamatisei to avtokinito53 2 : ( ) . : (/)

500 !!!! .: 26/09/2014

19/09/2014

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