Απαντήσεις Χημείας 2014
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Transcript of Απαντήσεις Χημείας 2014
- 04.02 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.. . . . . 2. . . . . 2 .. Ei3 >> Ei2, , 2+ 3+.,2 , 2 . . : + 2- + 3+
,() . . :4 4+ + - 4+ : 4+ + 23 + 3+,
- : - + 2 + -,
, :
- 04.02 2 1. . , , 1-: CH3CH2 CH2CCH + CuCl + NH3 CH3CH2 CH2CCCu + NH4Cl ()
. : HCOOCH3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OH : CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOHCHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O ( ) ,, (,CH3I), CH3COOCH2CH3 . 2.: HCCHB: CH2=CH2: CH3CH2Cl : CH3CH2MgCl: CH3CH=O: CH3CH2 CCH3 OMgCl : CH3CH2CHCH3 OH 3. 3x mol CvH2v+1OH () 3y mol CH2+1OH (). x mol CvH2v+1OH y mol CH2+1OH. To Mr : 12v+21v+1+16+1 = 14v+18 & 12+21+1+16+1 = 14+18 1 : - 04.02 3 CvH2v+1OH + Na CvH2v+1ONa + H2 x mol ; =x/2 mol CH2+1OH + Na CH2+1ONa + H2 y mol ; =y/2 mol mol 2:
:
2 : CvH2v+1OH + SOCl2 CvH2v+1Cl + SO2 + HCl CvH2v+1Cl + Mg CvH2v+1MgCl CvH2v+1MgCl + H2O CvH2v+2 + Mg(OH)Cl CH2+1OH + SOCl2 CH2+1Cl + SO2 + HCl CH2+1Cl + Mg CH2+1MgCl CH2+1MgCl + H2O CH2+2 + Mg(OH)Cl , := . :
C4H9OH : (I) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(II) CH3CH2CHCH3 CH3OH (III) CH3CCH3(IV)CH3CHCH2OH OH CH3 - 04.02 4 , () () 2 . 3 , 2-: CH3CH2CHCH3 + 4I2 + 6NaOH CHI3 + CH3CH2COONa + 5NaI + 5H2O OH 1 mol 1 mol ; = 0,05 mol0,05 mol OH : (x=0,05 30,05= ) 0,15 mol 2- (CH3CH2CHCH3) (y=0,15 30,15=) 0,45 mol 1- (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) 1.Y1 32 43 1 4 55 2 ________________________________________________________________ 2. . mol NaOH:
: C3CH(OH)COOH+NaOHCH3CH(OH)COONa+H2O ; = 0,0005mol 0,0005 mol 10mL :
. Na2CO3, CO2: 2CH3CH(OH)COOH+Na2CO32CH3CH(OH)COONa+CO2 +H2O - 04.02 5 , () KMnO4: 5CH3CH(OH)COOH+2KMnO4+3H2SO4 5CH3COCOOH+2MnSO4 +K2SO4+8H2O ________________________________________________________________ 3. :V1 4 (NaOH) V2 5 (NH4Cl). mol: NaOH:
NH4Cl:
, NH4Cl NH4Cl NH3. NH4Cl NaOH, : (mol)NH4Cl+NaOHNaCl+H2O+NH3 0,1V2 0,1V1 / 0,1V1 0,1V1+0,1V1+0,1V1 0,1V20,1V10,1V10,1V1 NH4Cl / NH3 , pH = 9. 1KaNH4Cl,pH 5 5 ( [H3O+]=10-5 M). : NH4Cl 4++Cl- 0,1 M; = 0,1 M To Cl- . - 04.02 6 To H4+ : (M)H4++H2OH3+3+ 0,1 / 10-5+ 10-5+ 10-5 0,1 10-510-510-5 : 0,1 10-5 ~ 0,1 . :
:
________________________________________________________________ 4.,pH . NaOH: To NaOH : NaOH OH-+Na+ 0,1 M; = 0,1 M , pOH = log[OH-]= 1 pOH 1+1=2. [-] : 0,01 M - 04.02 7 To NaOH : NaOH OH-+Na+ ; = 0,01 M0,01 M :
NH3: NH3 : NH3+H2OOH-+NH4+ (0,1x) Mx Mx M
, pOH = 3 pOH 3+1=4. [-] : 10-4 M 3 :
:
- 04.02 8 3/4Cl: pH . :y < x <