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101Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First OntologyNatalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness

http://tinyurl.com/ontology-guide

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1 . /22 ; () 33 .. sites - sites ( ), - sites 44 .. , , , . , , , , .. UNSPSC 55 .. . , , - 66 .. , . , .. PC PC - , 77 88 (classes) (concepts) (properties) (features, attributes) (slots) (roles) (restrictions) (facets) (role restrictions) (individuals, instances) (knowledge base)99 .. , wine (subclasses) wine.. , 1010 .. Chteau Lafite Rothschild Pauillac (full body) Chteau Lafite Rothschild 2 : body full maker Chteau Lafite Rothschild , Wine (flavor), (body), (sugar level), (maker), .: , 1111 Wine, Pauillac, maker Winery Winery produces Wine 1212 O-13 - - 1414 (1) 1515 (II) 1616 (III) ( ) , , , 1717 101 . . . . . . .1818 , . . 1919 1 - : ; ; ; ;2020 ( ) : : 2121 () , 2222 () , , 2323 (1) ; ;2424 ().. : ; Bordeaux ; Cabernet Sauvignon ; ; ; ; Napa Zinfandel;2525 ().. : , , ( -) -2626 2 - . , . , . 2727 2 - , ( ) 2828 3 - : ;, , : ? ;2929 3 - , , ( ) .. is part of, has component3030 3 - .. (laddered grids) (repertory grids)3131 - - : (wine), (grape), (winery), (location), , , , : (.. , ) , , . . .3232 4 - & . (top-down) (bottom-up) 3333 4 - & top-down: .. Wine Food White wine, Red wine, Ros wine. Red wine : Syrah, Red Burgundy, Cabernet Sauvignon, .3434 4 - & bottom-up: .. Pauillac, Margaux Medoc, Bordeaux top-down bottom-up 3535 ( )3636 (). , , (a-kind-of) .. Pinot Noir () Red wine.3737

3838 5 - , - .. color, body, flavor sugar Winelocation Winery3939 5 - : (.. ) (.. ) .. .. maker 4040 . , . , . ( )4141

4242 6 - ( ), ( ), ( - cardinality), .... name (string). String.. produces Wine. Instance allowed class Wine4343 (1/2) .. (body) 1 produces Winery4444 (2/2) .. grape 1: .. grape - 1 0 4545 (1/3)String (): .. NameNumber (): Float Integer.. (price) FloatBoolean (): true/false yes/no.. sparkling yes/no4646 (2/3)Enumerated (): .. flavor strong, moderate, delicate. Protg Symbol.4747 (3/3)Instance (): Instance .. produces Winery Wine Instance (range) .. Wine produces 4848 produces

4949 .. .. attends Student Course attends PostgraduateStudent PostGraduateCourse ( Course)5050 51attendsattends (domain) .. Winery produces Protg5252 & , . , & , ( ) . , & , , .5353 & , Einstein , .. produces Wine, Wine. , THING, 5454 55produces & .. Course is_taught_by Faculty is_taught_by Staff, is_taught_by Assistant_professor, Associate_professor Professor, Faculty is_taught_by Professor Faculty, Faculty is_taught_by Assistant_professor Associate_professor, Faculty?

56 57is_taught_by 58is_taught_by 59is_taught_by & , ... Wine Red Wine Red Wine Red Wine Wine, Wine.6060 & , , , ... Red Wine, White Wine, and Rose Wine ( ), Wine. , , .6161 & ( ), , .6262 & .. tannin level ( ) (.., Bordeaux, Merlot, Beaujolais, .) tannin-level Red Wines tannin-level Wine 6363 & .. Faculty teaches Course teaches Staff Administrative_Staff Technical_Staff, , Faculty, : Assistant_professor, Associate_Professor, Professor64 65teaches 7 - : 6666 7 - .. Chateau Lafite Rothschild Pauillac Pauillac, :Body: Full, Color: Red, Sugar: Dry, Flavor: Strong,Tannin level: ModerateGrape: Cabernet Sauvignon grape Wine grapeMaker: Chateau Lafite Rothschild Winery6767 68

68 - 1 , part-of is-a6969 70 - 2 : OWL 7171 - 3 : A isa B, B isa C, C isa A () : 7272 - 4 ( ) .. White wine Chardonnay .. Wine7373 - 5 () ; 2 10-12 1 ( ) 7474

7575 ; 7676 ; .. (tannin-level) .. sugar Dessert wine SWEET, . (relationships) .. Pinot Noir , .77OR77 ;.. White wine, Red wine, Rose wine Wine color ;: , .. 7878 ; ( ), , .. Chilled wines7979 ;80attendsattends ;81attends studentType=Postgraduate, courseType= Postgraduate ; (1/2) .. Sterling Vineyards Merlot, (.. Merlot), ( Merlot) 2 , , 8282 ; (2/2) / .. , wine bar ( ) (), 8383 ; is-a, .. abstract

8484 , .. , , (disjoint classes) .. 8585 (inverse slots) .. -.. wine produced winery ( maker), winery produces wine 2 , 2 , 2 8686 (inverse slots)

8787 (default values) , default , .. full-body body default value full allowed values ( SYMBOL) , .. allowed value color white 8888 (1/4) .. Case-sensitive, -, Protg: Case-sensitive, -, : , slots 8989 (2/4) , .. Meal course ( Progete)MealCourse ( ) : Meal_Course, Meal_course, Meal-Course, Meal-course , .. CLIPS spaces 9090 (3/4) .. has-maker, has-winery, maker-of, winery-of9191 (4/4) class, slot, instance .. Cab Cabernet Sauvignon .. Wine, WhiteWine, RedWine Wine, White, Red: Wine, WhiteWine, Red Wine, White, RedWine9292