XIII–1FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

α-AlH3 Alphapolymorphofaluminumhydride~ Approximately@ At°C DegreesCelsius°F DegreesFahrenheitΔ Change,deltaΔG GibbsfreeenergyofreactionΔH Enthalpyofreaction,Enthalpyof

hydrogenation∆H°f StandardheatofformationΔK Stressintensityfactor∆P Pressuredrop,pressurechange≈ Equalsapproximately> Greaterthan≥ Greaterthanorequalto< Lessthan≤ Lessthanorequaltoμ Micro(one-millionth;0.000001)μA Microampere(s)μA/cm2 Microampere(s)persquarecentimeterμc-Si Microcrystallinesiliconμg Microgram(s)μCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerμCHX Microscalecombustor/heatexchangerμCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerμm Micrometer(s);micron(s)μM Micromolarμmol Micromole(s)μΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-squarecentimeterμV Microvolt(s)η Viscosity# NumberΩ Ohm(s)Ω/cm2 Ohm(s)persquarecentimeterΩ-cm2 Ohm-squarecentimeter(s)% Percent® Registeredtrademark$ UnitedStatesdollars11B-NMR Boron11nuclearmagneticresonance1-D,1D One-dimensional1Q Firstquarterofthefiscalyear2-D,2D Two-dimensional2Q Secondquarterofthefiscalyear

3-D,3D Three-dimensional3DSM Dimensionallystablemembranewith

3-dimensionalporoussupport3-L Three-layer3-MPAB 3-methoxypropylamineborane3-PPAB 3-phenylpropylamine-borane3Q Thirdquarterofthefiscalyear4Q Fourthquarterofthefiscalyear5-L Five-layer6FBPS0 Hexafluorobiphenolsulfone6FCN-x HexafluorobisphenolAbaseddisulfonated

polybenzonitrile(H+form)(xdenotesdegreeofsulfonation)

6FK Hexafluoroketone;Partiallyfluorinatedpoly(aryleneetherketone)

6FPAEB Hexafluorobisphenolabenzonitrile8YSZ 8mol%yttria-stabilizedzirconiaA Ampere(s),amp(s)Å Angstrom(s)AAE AdsorbentacceptabilityenvelopeAB Ammonia-borane,NH3BH3

ABH2 Ammoniumborohydride,NH4BH4

AC Alternatingcurrent;ActivatedcarbonACF ActivatedcarbonfibersA/cm2 AmpspersquarecentimeterACN AcetonitrileACNT AlignedcarbonnanotubeADG AnaerobicdigestergasAEM Anionexchangemembrane;Analytical

electronmicroscopyAEO AnnualEnergyOutlookAFDC AlternativeFuelsDataCenterAFM Atomicforcemicroscopy;Anti-ferromagneticAFP AutomatedfiberplacementAFV AlternativefuelvehicleAg SilverAGC ActivatedgraphiticcarbonAgCl SilverchlorideA-h Amp-hour(s)AHJ AuthoritieshavingjurisdictionAISI AmericanIron&SteelInstituteAIST JapaneseNationalInstituteofAdvanced

IndustrialScienceandTechnologyAK Alkali

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–2DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

a.k.a. AlsoknownasAl AluminumAl2O3 AluminumoxideAl-AB Aluminum-ammonia-boraneAlCl3 AluminumchlorideALD AtomiclayerdepositionAlH3 Aluminumhydride;AlaneALL-CRAFT AllianceforCollaborativeResearchin

AlternativeFuelTechnologyALS AdvancedLightSourceatLawrenceBerkeley

NationalLaboratoryALT AcceleratedlifetestAM AirmassAM1.5 AirMass1.5solarilluminationAM1.5G AirMass1.5Global(solarspectrum)AMBH AminemetalborohydrideAMC Aminomethyl-cyclohexaneAMFC Anionexchangemembranefuelcell;Alkaline

membranefuelcellAMR AnnualMeritReviewAN AcrylonitrileANL ArgonneNationalLaboratoryANOVA AnalysisofvarianceANSI AmericanNationalStandardsInstituteAo Arrheniusconstant,ml/[cm2-min-atm½];

AvailabilityAPCI,APCi AirProductsandChemicals,Inc.APD 3-aminopropane-1,2-diolAPR Aqueous-phasereformingAPU AuxiliarypowerunitAQMD AirQualityManagementDistrictAr ArgonAR ArealresistanceARPA-E AdvancedResearchProjectsAgency–EnergyARRA AmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentActAs ArsenicASAXS Anomaloussmall-angleX-rayscatteringa-Si Amorphoussilicona-SiC Amorphoussiliconcarbidea-SiGe Amorphoussilicongermaniuma-SiN AmorphoussiliconnitrideASME AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersASPEN Modelingsoftware,computercodefor

processanalysisASR Area-specificresistanceAST Acceleratedstresstest

ASTM ASTMInternational,originallyknownastheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials

AT Ammoniatriboraneat% Atomicpercentatm Atmosphere(s)ATP Adenosinetriphosphate;Advanced

TechnologyProgramATPase AdenosinetriphosphataseATR Autothermalreformer;Autothermal

reforming;AttenuatedtotalreflectionATR-FTIR AttenuatedtotalreflectanceFouriertransform

infrareda.u. ArbitraryunitsAu GoldAuS GoldsulfideAuSnOx GoldsupportedonhydroustinoxideAuTiOx GoldsupportedontitaniumoxideAutonomie Plug-and-PlayPowertrainandVehicleModel

ArchitectureandDevelopmentEnvironmentsoftwaremodelbyArgonneNationalLaboratorytosupporttherapidevaluationofnewpowertrain/propulsiontechnologiesforimprovingfueleconomythroughvirtualdesignandanalysisinamath-basedsimulationenvironment

Avg AverageAZO Aluminumzincoxide11B-NMR Boron11nuclearmagneticresonanceB BoronB2O3 Boronoxide;DiborontrioxideBa BariumBara Barabsolutebarg BargaugeBBC 4,4’,4’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzene-4,1-

diyl))tribenzoateBCC Body-centeredcubicBCN BoroncarbonnitrideBe BerylliumBES BasicEnergySciencesofficewithintheDOE

OfficeofScienceBET Brunauer-Emmett-Tellersurfaceareaanalysis

methodBEV BatteryelectricvehicleBFZ0 BaFe0.975Zr0.025O3

BFZ1 BaFe0.90Zr0.10O3

BG-DW 65%bio-glycol-35%distilledwaterB-G BorondopedgraphiticmaterialB-H Boron/hydrogenbond

XIII–3FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

B-H,BH,BH4 BorohydrideBHP ButylperhydropyrolidineBi BismuthbmimBF4 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium

tetrafluoroboratebmimCl 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumchloridebmimOTf 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumtriflatebmimPF6 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium

hexafluorophosphateBMPFFP 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium

tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphateBN Boron-nitrogenBNH Boron-nitrogen-hydrogenBNHx Dehydrogenatedammonia-boraneBNL BrookhavenNationalLaboratoryBNNT BoronnitridenanotubesB-O Anyoxidizedboronspecies,borateBoc Tert-butoxycarbonylBOC BestofclassB(OH)3 BoricacidBOL BeginningoflifeBOP,BoP BalanceofplantBOT BeginningoftestBP Bisphenol;Biphenylbpe Bis(4-pyridyl)ethaneBPEE 1,2-bipyridyletheneBPDC Biphenyl-4,4’-dicarboxylateBPP BipolarplateBPPPO Biphenol-basedphenylphosphineoxideBPPPO-35 Biphenol-basedphenylphosphineoxide

copolymer,35%molarfractionofdisulfonicacidunit(35%levelofsulfonation)

BPS BallardPowerSystemsBPS BiPhenylSulfoneBPS100 Fullydisulfonatedpoly(aryleneethersulfone)BPSH BlockpolysulfoneetherpolymerBPSH BiPhenylSulfone:HFormBPSH-30 BiphenylsulfoneHform,30%molar

fractionofdisulfonicacidunit(30%levelofsulfonation)

BPSH-x BiPhenylbaseddisulfonatedpolySulfone(H+form)(xdenotesdegreeofsulfonation)

BPVC BoilerandPressureVesselCodeBPVE Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenylvinyletherBPVE-6F Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenylvinylether

hexafluoroisopropylideneBPy 2,2’-bipyridine

BPY 4,4’-bypyridineBr BromineBr2 DiatomicbromineBTB 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoateBTC 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylateBTE 4,4’,4’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(ethyne-2,1-

diyl))tribenzoateBTT Benzenetris-tetrazoleBTTCD Octa-carboxylateligandBTU,Btu Britishthermalunit(s)Bu3SnCl TributyltinchlorideBu3SnSnBu3 HexabutyldistannaneBV BenzylviologenBxHy PolyhedralboranesBZYC BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ

C CarbonC CouloumbC2H4 EthyleneC2H6 EthaneC3H8 PropaneCa CalciumCA Carbonaerogel;ChronoamperometryCaBr2 CalciumbromideCaCO3 CalciumcarbonateCAD Computer-aideddesignCAE Computer-assistedengineeringCAER CenterforAppliedEnergyResearchCaFCP CaliforniaFuelCellPartnershipCaI Clostridium acetobutylicumhydrogenaseCaO CalciumoxideCARB CaliforniaAirResourcesBoardCaS CalciumsulfideCaSFCC CaliforniaStationaryFuelCellCollaborativeCB Conductionband;CarbonblackCBECS CommercialBuildingEnergyConsumption

SurveyCbHS Carbon-basedhydrogenstorageCBM ConductionbandminimumCBN Carbon-boron-nitrogenCBS CasaBonitastrain;Completebasissetcc Cubiccentimeter(s)CCC CarboncompositecatalystCCD Charge-coupleddeviceCCF Complexcoolantfluid

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–4DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

cc/gcat/hr Cubiccentimeter(s)pergramcatalystperhour

CcH2 Cryo-compressedhydrogenCCHSS ComplexCompoundHydrogenStorage

SystemCCL CathodecatalystlayerCCM Catalyst-coatedmembranecc/min,ccm Cubiccentimetersperminuteccp Cubicclose-packingCCS CarboncaptureandstorageCC&S CarboncaptureandsequestrationCCVJ 9-([E]-2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidineCd CadmiumCD Compactdisk;Chargedepleting;Cathode

dewpointCdl DoublelayercapacitancecDNA ComplementaryDNACDO CodedevelopmentorganizationCDP CompositedataproductCdS CadmiumsulfideC-DSMTM Chemicallyetcheddimensionallystable

membraneCe CeriumCEA Commissariatàl’EnergieAtomiqueCEC CaliforniaEnergyCommissionCEM Compressor/expandermotor(module)CeO2 CericoxideCF Carbonfiber;CarbonfoamCFC ChlorofluorocarbonCFD ComputationalfluiddynamicsCFF Complexcoolantfluidcfm CubicfeetperminuteCGA CompressedGasAssociationCGH2 CompressedgaseoushydrogenCGM Charge-generatingmaterialCGO Ceriumgadoliniumoxide,Gd-dopedCeO2

CGS Coppergalliumdiselenide,CuGaSe2

CGSe2 CoppergalliumdiselenideCH ChemicalhydridecH2 CompressedhydrogengasCH4 MethaneCHEX ContinuouscatalyticheatexchangerCHHP Combinedheat,hydrogen,andpowerChl Chlorophyll

CHMC1 TestMethodforEvaluatingMaterialCompatibilityforCompressedHydrogenApplications–PhaseI-Metals

CHP CombinedheatandpowerCHPFC CombinedheatandpowerfuelcellCHS ChemicalhydrogenstorageCHSCoE ChemicalHydrogenStorageCenterof

ExcellenceCI CompressionignitionCIGSe2 CopperindiumgalliumdiselenideCIGS CopperindiumgalliumdiselenideCl ChlorineCL Catalystlayer;ε-caprolactonecm CentimeterCM Controlsmodulecm2 SquarecentimeterCMO ConductivemetaloxidesCMWNT Carbonmulti-wallednanotubeCN Carbon-nitrogenCNC CarbonnanocageCNF Carbonnano-fiberCNG CompressednaturalgasCNT CarbonnanotubeCo CobaltCO CarbonmonoxideCO2 CarbondioxideCO2e CarbondioxideequivalentCOD ChemicaloxygendemandCOE CostofelectricityCOF Covalent-organicframeworkCOF2 CarbonylfluorideCOGS CostofgoodssoldCOMSOL Multiphysicsmodelingandengineering

simulationsoftwareCOPV CompositeoverwrappedpressurevesselCOS Carbonoxysulfide;CarbonylsulfideCOx Oxidesofcarboncp Specificheatcp CommercialpuritycP CentipoiseCpI Clostridium pasteurianum

[FeFe]-hydrogenaseCPMAS CrosspolarizationmagicanglespinningCPO,CPOX Catalyticpartialoxidationc.p.s. Countspersecond

XIII–5FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

CPU ComputerprocessingunitCPV CompositepressurevesselCr ChromiumCRADA CooperativeResearchandDevelopment

AgreementCRCC Corrosion-resistantconductingcatalyticCRTP Corrosion-resistanttransparentprotectiveCs CesiumC&S CodesandstandardsCSA CanadianStandardsAssociation;Cellstack

assemblyCSMP CabotSuperiorMicroPowdersCSTT CodesandStandardsTechTeamCSU CaliforniaStateUniversityCSULA CaliforniaStateUniversityLosAngelesCT ComputedtomographyCTA ChargetransferagentCTAB CetyltrimethylammoniumbromideCTB CyclotriborazaneCTE CoefficientofthermalexpansionCTTRANSIT ConnecticutTransitCu CopperCU UniversityofColoradoCu2O CuprousoxideCuBiW2O8 Copperbismuthtungstatecuin. CubicinchCuInGaS2 CopperindiumgalliumsulfideCuNW CoppernanowireCuO Cupricoxide;Copper(II)oxideCuWO4 Coppertungstatecu.yd. Cubicyard(s)CV Cyclicvoltammetry;CyclicvoltammogramCVD ChemicalvapordepositionCVS ChemicalvaporsynthesisCWRU CaseWesternReserveUniversityCY CalendaryearCZO Ceria-zirconiad Day(s)D2 DeuteriumD-A Dubinin-AstakhovDAC DiamondanvilcellDADB Diammoniateofdiborane,[(NH3)2BH2][BH4]DAKOTA DesignAnalysisKitforOptimizationand

TerascaleApplicationsDB Diborane(B2H6)

dB(A) Decibel(s)AscaleDBBPDSA 4,4’-dibromobiphenyl3,3’-dislufonicacid,

monomerDBPDSA 1,4-dibromophenylene2,5-disulfonicacidDC DirectcurrentDCTDD 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dioneDDMEFC DirectdimethyletherfuelcellDDP DetailedDataProductdDR Dubini-Radushkevichaveragemicropore

diameterDDR AzeolitestructurecodeDEF DiethylformamideDeg DegreeDEGDBE DiethyleneglycoldibutyletherΔBa Thedifferenceinmagneticinductionathigh

andlowappliedmagneticfieldsΔG GibbsfreeenergyofreactionΔH Enthalpyofreaction;Enthalpyof

hydrogenation∆H°f StandardheatofformationΔK Stressintensityfactor∆P Pressuredrop;PressurechangeDEMS Differentialelectrochemicalmass

spectroscopyDFM DesignformanufacturingDFMA® DesignforManufacturingandAssemblyDFT DensityfunctionaltheoryDGDE Di-ethyleneglycoldi-butyletherDHBC 2,5-dihydroxybenzenedicarboxylateDI Deionized;De-ionizedwaterDLC DiamondlikecarbondL/g DeciliterspergramDM DiffusionmediaDMA DimethylacetamideDMAc DimethylacetamideDMC DiffusionMonteCarlo;Directmanufactured

costDMDF 2,5-dimethoxy2,5-dihydrofuranDMDS DimethyldisulfideDME Dimethylether;DimethoxyethaneDMEA DimethlethylamineDMEAA DimethlethylaminealaneDMF n,n-di-methylformamideDMFC DirectmethanolfuelcelldmimMeSO4 1,3-dimethyl-imidazoliummethylsulfate

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–6DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

ECV ElectrochemicalcapacitancevoltageED EthylenediamineEDA Ethylenediamine;Energydecomposition

analysisEDAX ManufacturerofenergydispersiveX-ray

hardwareandsoftwareEDBB EthylenediaminebisboraneEDC EnergydistributioncurveedmimCl 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-imidazoliumethylsulfateEDP ElectrophoreticdepositionEDS EnergydispersiveX-rayspectroscopy;

EnergydispersivespectrumEDTA EthylenediaminetetraaceticacidEDX EnergydispersiveX-rayEELS ElectronenergylossspectroscopyEERE U.S.DOEOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyand

RenewableEnergyEFR-AHJ Emergencyfirstresponder-authoritieshaving

jurisdictionEFTE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee.g. Exempli gratia:forexampleEGR ExhaustgasrecirculationEHC ElectrochemicalhydrogencompressorEHS EnvironmentalHealthandSafetyEIA EnergyInformationAdministrationofthe

U.S.DepartmentofEnergyEIGAIGC EuropeanIndustrialGasesAssociation/

IndustrialGasesCouncilEIHP EuropeanIntegratedHydrogenProjectEIS ElectrochemicalimpedancespectroscopyEISF ElasticincoherentstructurefactorELAT® RegisteredTrademarkofDeNoraNorth

America,Inc.,coversGDLsandGDEsEMA EffectivemediumapproximationEMF ElectromagneticfieldEMI ElectromagneticinterferenceEMPA ElectronmicroprobeanalysisENABLE Energeticneutralatombeamlithography/

epitaxyENG ExpandednaturalgraphiteeNMR ElectrochemicalnuclearmagneticresonanceEODC Electro-osmoticdragcoefficientEOL EndoflifeEOT EndoftestEPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPD Electrophoreticdeposition

dmpe DimethylphosphinoethaneDMPO 5,5-Dimethylpyrroline-N-oxideDMSO DimethylsulfoxideDMT DimethyltritylDMTHF DimethyltetrahydrofuranDNA DeoxyribonucleicacidDNG DesulfurizednaturalgasDNI DirectnormalinsolationDOD Depthofdischarge;DepartmentofDefenseDOE DepartmentofEnergyDOT DepartmentofTransportationDP DewpointDRIFTs DiffusereflectanceinfraredFouriertransform

spectroscopyDSC Differentialscanningcalorimetry;Dynamic

scanningcalorimetryDSMTM DimensionallystablemembraneDSM-MC DistancescalingmethodMonteCarloDVBPC DivinylarylethermonomerDVD DigitalvideodiskDVMT Dailyvehiclemilestravelede- ElectronE Activationenergy,kJ/molE0xE1 Utilizationefficiencyofincidentsolarlight

energyE1/2 Half-wavepotentialE85 85%-15%blendofethanolwithgasolineEa ActivationenergyEA EnvironmentalassessmentEad HydrogenadsorptionheatEAN EthylammoniumnitrateEASA ElectrochemicallyactivesurfaceareaE-BOP ElectricalbalanceofplantEBSD ElectronbackscatterdiffractionEC EuropeanCommission;Electro-chemical;

Evaportive-cooled;Efficiencyofconversion;Electrochemicalcapacitance

ECA ElectrochemicalareaECB EthylcyclobutaneECC Electrochemicalcompressor;Engineered

cementitiouscompositeECE EconomicCommissionforEuropeECS EquilibriumcrystalshapeECSA Electrochemicallyactivesurfacearea;

Electrochemicalsurfacearea;Effectivecatalystsurfacearea

XIII–7FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

FCTESQA FuelCellTesting,SafetyandQualityAssurance(aninternationalefforttoharmonizefuelcelltestingprocedures)

FCTO FuelCellTechnologiesOfficeFCTT FuelCellTechnicalTeamFCV FuelcellvehicleFd FerredoxinFe IronFE U.S.DOEOfficeofFossilEnergyFe2O3 FerricoxideFEA FiniteelementanalysisFEM FiniteelementmodelFEP Fluorinatedethylenepropylene;Teflon®

FESEM Fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopefg-ELAT FinegradientELATFIB FocusedionbeamFISIPE FibrasAcrilicasPortugeseFLiNaK LiF-NaF-KFeutecticsaltFLP FrustratedLewispairFluent Computercodeforcomputationalfluid

dynamicsFMEA Failuremodesandeffectsanalysis19FNMR 19FluorinenuclearmagneticresonanceFNR FerredoxinNADP+oxidoreductaseFOM FederatedobjectmodelFOM FigureofmeritFPA Fluoroalkylphosphonicandphosphinicacidsfpi Finsperinchfpm FeetperminuteFPS Bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone;Fuelprocessing

systemFRP Fiber-reinforcedcompositepiping;Fiber-

reinforcedpolymer;FullrateproductionFRR FluoridereleaserateF-SPEEK FluorosulfonicacidofpolyetheretherketoneFSW Frictionstirweldingft FeetFT Faulttreeft2 Squarefeetft3 CubicfeetFTA FederalTransitAdministrationFT-IR,FTIR FouriertransforminfraredFTIR-ATR Fouriertransforminfraredattenuatedtotal

reflectionFTO Fluorine-dopedtinoxideFTP,FTP-75 FederalTestProcedure

EPDM EthylenepropylenedienemonomerEPHC EthylperhydrocarbazoleePTFE ExpandedpolytetrafluoroethyleneER EmergencyresponderERW ElectricresistanceweldES EnergystorageESA ElectrochemicalsurfaceareaESEM EnvironmentalscanningelectronmicroscopeESIF EnergySystemsIntegrationFacilityetal. Et Alii:andothersETA Eventtreeanalysisetc. Et cetera:andsoonE-TEK DivisionofDeNoraNorthAmerica,Inc.ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethyleneETFECS ExtendedthinfilmelectrocatalyststructuresEtOH EthanolEU EuropeanUnioneV ElectronvoltEVD ExtremevaluedistributionsEVOH EthylenevinylalcoholEVSE ElectricvehiclesupplyequipmentEW EquivalentweightEXAFS ExtendedX-rayabsorptionfinestructure

analysisF FluorineF Faradayconstant,theamountofelectric

chargeinonemoleofelectrons(96,485.3383coulomb/mole)

F- FluorineionFA FurfylalcoholFANS FilteranalyzerneutronspectroscopyFAT FleetAnalysisToolkit;Factoryacceptance

testFBMR FluidizedbedmembranereactorFC FuelcellFCB FuelcellbusFCC Face-centeredcubic;FuelCellCatalyst;Fluid

catalyticcrackingFCEB FuelcellelectricbusFCEV FuelcellelectricvehicleFCI FixedcapitalinvestmentFCPOWER FuelCellPowerModelFCPP FuelcellpowerplantFCS FuelcellsystemFCSMR Forecourtsteammethanereformer(ing)FCT FuelCellTechnologies

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–8DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

GLY GlycerolGlyme Dimethoxyethanegm Gram(s)GM GeneralMotorsgm/day Gram(s)perdayg/min Gram(s)perminuteGNF GraphitenanofiberGO GrapheneoxideGODC GrapheneoxidederivedcarbonGOF Graphene-oxideframeworkGPa Gigapascal(s)GPAT GlobalPathwaysResourceAnalysisToolGPC GelpermeationchromatographyGPS GlobalpositioningsystemGPU GaspermeationunitsGRC Glass-reinforcedconcreteGREC Graphitereinforcedepoxycomposite(IM6

continuouslywound)GREET2 Greenhousegases,RegulatedEmissionsand

EnergyuseinTransportationmodelGRPE WorkingPartyonPollutionandEnergyg/s GramspersecondGTI GasTechnologyInstituteGTR GlobalTechnicalRegulationsGUI GraphicaluserinterfaceGV GasolinevehicleGVW GrossvehicleweightGW Anapproximationpermittingpractical

calculationofexcitationenergiesinmetals,semi-conductorsandinsulators

GWe,GWe Gigawatt(s)electrich Hour(s)H HydrogenH+ ProtonH- HydrideH2 DiatomichydrogenH2A HydrogenAnalysisprojectsponsoredbyDOEH2BPyDC 2,2’-bipyridine-5,5’-dicarboxylicacidH2cat Catechol,1,2dihydroxybenzeneH2-FCS Stationaryfuelcellsystemdesignsthatco-

producehydrogenH2(hfipbb) 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic

acid)H2I HawaiiHydrogenInitiativeH2-ICE,H2ICE

Hydrogeninternalcombustionengine

FWS Fixed-windowscanFW Formulaweight;FilamentwindingFWHM FullwidthathalfmaximumFY Fiscalyearg Gram;accelerationofgravityG GraphiteGa GalliumGaAs GalliumarsenicGADDS Generalareadiffractionsystemgal GallonGaP GalliumphosphideGB GigabyteGC Gaschromatograph;GeneralcomputationalGC Glassy,orvitreouscarbon:apurecarbonthat

isamorphous(non-crystalline)g/cc GramspercubiccentimeterGCLP Grand-canonicallinearprogrammingGCMC GrandCanonicalMonteCarloGCMS Gaschromatograph-massspectroscopyGCNF Graphitizedcarbonnano-fiberGCNT GraphitizedcarbonnanotubesGCtool SoftwarepackagedevelopedatANLfor

analysisoffuelcellsandotherpowersystemsGd GadoliniumGDC Gadolinium-dopedceriaGDE GasdiffusionelectrodeGDL GasdiffusionlayerGDM GasdiffusionmediaGDS GalvanodynamicscanGe GermaniumGES GinerElectrochemicalSystems,LLCGF GlassfiberGFC GasflowchannelGFP GreenfluorescentproteinGGA GeneralizedgradientapproximationGGE,gge GasolinegallonequivalentGH2 GaseoushydrogenGHG GreenhousegasGHSV GashourlyspacevelocityGIS GeographicinformationsystemGJ Gigajoule(s)g/kW Gram(s)perkilowattGLACD Glancingangleco-depositionGLAD GlancingangledepositionGLS Gas-liquidseparator

XIII–9FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

HER HydrogenevolutionreactionHES HydrogenenergystationHEV HybridelectricvehicleHEX HeatexchangerHf HafniumHF HydrogenFuelerHF Hydrofluorhydricacid;Hydrogenfluoride;

Hartree-FockHFB HexafluorobenzeneHFC HydrogenfuelcellHFCTF HawaiiFuelCellTestFacilityHFCV HydrogenfuelcellvehicleHFI HydrogenFuelInitiativeHFP HexafluoropropyleneHFP 1,1,1,3,3,3hexafluoro-2-propanolHFR High-frequencyresistanceHFS HydrogenfuelingstationHFSS High-fluxsolarsimulatorHFV Hydrogen-fueledvehicleHGEF HawaiiGatewayEnergyCenterHGM HydrogenGenerationModuleHGMs HollowglassmicrospheresHGV HydrogengaseousvehicleHHV HigherheatingvalueHI Hydrogeniodide,hydriodicacidHIA Hydrogen-inducedamorphization;Hydrogen

ImplementingAgreementHIAD HydrogenIncidentsandAccidentsDatabaseHIB High-impedancebufferHIC Hydrogen-inducedcrackingHICE HydrogeninternalcombustionengineHiPCO,HiPCo High-pressurecarbonmonoxideHIPOC HydrogenIndustryPanelonCodesHIx Blendofhydrogeniodide,iodine,andwaterHIZ Perhydro-indolizidineHKUST 1Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2

HLA HighlevelarchitectureHMC HyundaiMotorCompanyHNEI HawaiiNaturalEnergyInstituteHNO3 NitricacidHOMO HighestoccupiedmolecularorbitalHOPG Highly-orderedpyrolyticgraphiteHOR Hydrogenoxidationreactionhp HorsepowerHP Highpressure

H2Lib LibraryofH2componentmodelsinSimulink®

H2O WaterH2O2 HydrogenperoxideH2oba 4,4’-oxybis-benzoicacidH2QWG DOEHydrogenQualityWorkingGroupH2S HydrogensulfideH2SO4 SulfuricacidH2V HydrogenvehicleH3BBC 1,3,5-tris(4’-carboxy[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl-)

benzeneH3BTB 4,4’,4’’-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoicacidH3PO4 PhosphoricacidHAADF High-angleannulardark-fieldHAADF-STEM Highangleannulardarkfieldscanning

transmissionelectronmicroscopyHAMMER HazardousMaterialsManagementand

EmergencyResponseHATCI HyundaiAmericaTechnicalCenter,Inc.HAVO HawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkHAZ Heat-affectedzoneHAZID HazardIdentificationAnalysisHAZOP HazardsandOperationalSafetyAnalysis;

HazardsandoperabilityanalysisHB HydrazineboraneHBr HydrogenbromideHBTU o-Benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N’,N’-

tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphateHCC HybridcathodecatalystHCl,HCL Hydrochloricacid;HydrogenchlorideHClO4 PerchloricacidHCN HydrogencoordinationnumberHCNG Hydrogen-compressednaturalgasHCO3

- Bicarbonatehcp Hexagonalclose-packingHC&S HawaiianCommercialandSugarCompanyHD DeuteriumhydrideHDF HydrogendispensingfacilityHDPE High-densitypolyethyleneHDS HydrogendesulfurizationHDSAM HydrogenDeliveryScenarioAnalysisModelHe HeliumHE HydrogenembrittlementHEMA 2-hydroxylethylmethacrylateHEN HeatexchangenetworkHEPA Highefficiencyparticulateairfilter

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–10DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

HTM High-temperaturemembrane;Hydrogentransportmembrane

HTMWG HighTemperatureMembraneWorkingGroupHTPEM High-temperaturepolymerelectrolyte

membraneHTWGS High-temperaturewater-gasshiftHTXRD High-temperatureX-raydiffractionHVAC Heating,ventilation,andcoolingHWCVD Hot-wirechemicalvapordepositionHWD HotwiredepositionHWFET HighwayFuelEconomyTestHX HeatexchangerHyARC HydrogenAnalysisResourceCenterHYDA Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[FeFe]

hydrogenaseHydrofillTM GTIhydrogendispenserfillingcontrol

algorithmHyDRA HydrogenDemandandResourceAnalysisHyPro,HYPRO

AnalysistoolHyQRA HydrogenquantitativeriskassessmentHyS HybridsulfurHYSYS® ProcesssimulationsoftwarebyAspentech,

computercodeforflowsheetanalysisHyTEx HydrogenTechnicalExperimental(database)HyTRANS DOE’smarketsimulationmodelforthe

transitiontohydrogenvehiclesHz HertzHZM Hotzonemodulei Currentdensity(mA/cm2)I CurrentI2 DiatomiciodineI2CNER InternationalInstituteforCarbon-Neutral

EnergyResearchIBAD IonbeamassisteddepositionIBS IonbeamsputteringI/C IonomertocatalystIC InternalcombustionICC InternationalCodeCouncilICE InternalcombustionengineICEV InternalcombustionenginevehicleICMS IntegratedceramicmembranesystemICP InductivelycoupledplasmaICPAE InductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemissionICP-AES Inductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemission

spectroscopy

HPA HeteropolyacidHPA-C HeteropolyacidHPC HighlyporouscarbonHPEP HydrogenProductionExpertPanelHPIT Hydrogen-poweredindustrialtruckHPLC HighperformanceliquidchromatographyHPPH 1,6-di(4-hydroxyl)phenylperfluorohexaneHPPS N,N-diisopropylethylammonium2,2-bis(p-

hydroxyphenyl)pentafluoropropanesulfonateHPRD HydrogenpressurereliefdeviceHQS100 Hydroquinonesulfonehr Hour(s)HRA HomerefuelingapplianceHRS HydrogenrefuelingstationsHRT HydraulicretentiontimeHRTEM High-resolutiontransmissionelectron

microscopyHR-STEM Highresolutionscanningtransmission

electronmicroscopyHRXRT High-resolutionX-raytomographyHS HydrogensorptionHSAC HighsurfaceareacarbonHSC Databasenamederivedfromthelettersfor

enthalpy,entropy,andheatcapacityHSCC HydrogenStationCostCalculatorHSCoE HydrogenSorptionCenterofExcellenceHSDC HydrogenSecureDataCenterHSE HighsurfaceareaelectrodeHSECoE HydrogenStorageEngineeringCenterof

ExcellenceHSMCoE HydrogenStorageMaterialCenterof

ExcellenceHSO4 BisulfateanionHSP HydrogensafetyplanHSRP HydrogenSafetyReviewPanelHSSIM HydrogenStorageSIMulatorHSU HydrogenseparationunitHT HightemperatureH-T-NT HierarchicalTiO2nanotubesHTAC HydrogenandFuelCellTechnicalAdvisory

CommitteeHTFC High-temperaturefuelcellHTFSA TrifluomethylsulfonicacidHTGR High-temperaturegas-cooledreactorHTHX High-temperatureheatexchanger

XIII–11FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

IPCE Incidentphotonconversiontoelectrons;Incidentphotonconversionefficiency

IPE IntegratedphotovoltaicelectrolysisIPES InversephotoemissionspectroscopyIPHE InternationalPartnershipfortheHydrogen

EconomyIPNS IntensePulseNeutronScatteringFacilityat

ArgonneNationalLaboratoryIQE InternalquantumefficiencyIR InfrarediR InternalresistanceIr IridiumIRMOF IsoreticularmetalorganicframeworkIrOx IridiumoxideIRR InternalrateofreturnIRRAS Infraredreflection-absorptionspectroscopyISIS World’sleadingpulsedneutronandmuon

sourcelocatedattheUKRutherfordAppletonLaboratorynearOxford

ISO InternationalOrganizationforStandardization

ISOTC197 InternationalStandardsOrganizationTechnicalCommittee

ISS IonscatteringspectroscopyITM IontransportmembraneITO IndiumtinoxideITP IndiumtinphosphateITWS IsothermalwatersplittingIV Current-voltageJ Current;Joule(s)JHQTF JointHydrogenQualityTaskForce(U.S.Fuel

CellCouncil)JM JohnsonMattheyJMFC Johnson-MattheyFuelCells,Inc.JNAIST JapaneseNationalInstituteofAdvanced

IndustrialScienceandTechnologyJOBSFC JOBSandeconomicimpactsofFuelCellsJOBSH2 JOBSandeconomicimpactsofHydrogenJPL JetPropulsionLaboratoryJRC JointResearchCentreJ-V,JV Currentdensity-voltageK Sievert’sconstant,ml/[cm2-min-atm½]K Kelvin,absolutetemperatureK PotassiumkÅ 1,000angstromsKAERI KoreaAtomicEnergyResearchInstitute

ICP-MS Inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry

ICP-OES Inductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectroscopy

ICR InterfacialcontactresistanceID Insidediameteri.e. id est:thatisIE IntelligentEnergyIEA InternationalEnergyAgencyIEA-HIA InternationalEnergyAgencyHydrogen

ImplementingAgreementIEC InternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionIEC Ionexchangecapacity,milliequivalentsof

acidgroupspergramofmaterialIECV IntegratedendcapvesselIEEE InstituteofElectricalandElectronics

Engineers,Inc.IET InstituteforEnergyandTransportIFC InternationalFireCodeIGBT Insolated-gatebipolartransistorIGCC IntegratedgasificationcombinedcycleIGCC-CMR Integratedgasificationcombinedcycle-

catalyticmembranereactorIGCC-MR Integratedgasificationcombinedcycle-

membranereactorIGCC-PBR Integratedgasificationcombinedcycle-

paladium-basedreactorIGT InstituteofGasTechnologyIIC Industrial,institutional,andcommercialIINS InelasticincoherentneutronscatteringIIT IllinoisInstituteofTechnologyIL IonicliquidILS Inter-laboratorystudiesILTA IonicliquidstetheredtoamineboranesIn IndiumIn.,in Inchin2 SquareinchINER InstituteofNuclearEnergyResearchINERI InternationalNuclearEnergyResearch

InitiativeInP IndiumphosphorusINS InelasticneutronscatteringI-O Input-outputIOS IntelligentOpticalSystems,Inc.IP Inductionperiod;IntellectualpropertyIPA Isopthalate;IsopropylalcoholIPCC IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–12DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

LANL LosAlamosNationalLaboratoryLAO Lanthanum-modifiedaluminaLAPS LargeapertureprojectionscatterometerLAS Largeaperturescatterometrylb Pound(s)LBM LatticeBoltzmannmethodlbmol Pound(s)-moleLBNL LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryLC Liquidcarrier;LowconcentrationLCA Lifecycleassessment;Life-cycleanalysisLCC LifecyclecostLCC La0.7Ca0.3CrO3-δ

LCH2 Hydrogenatedliquidcarrier;Compressedhydrogenproducedfromliquidhydrogen

LCHPP LowCostHydrogenProductionPlatform(DOEProgramTitle)

LCMS Liquidchromatography-massspectroscopyLCOD LevelizedcostofdrivingLCOE LevelizedcostofelectricityL/D LengthtodiameterratioLDV Light-dutyvehicleLED LightemittingdiodeLEED Low-energyelectrondiffractionLEL LowerexplosionlimitLFG LandfillgasLFL LowerflammabilitylimitL/h,l/h Liter(s)perhourLH2,LH2 LiquidhydrogenLHC Light-harvestingchlorophyllLHSV Liquidhourlyspacevelocity,h-1

LHV LowerheatingvalueLi LithiumLi3N LithiumnitrideLi-AB Lithiumamidoborane,Li-NH2-BH3

LiBH4 LithiumborohydrideLIBS Laser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopyLiH LithiumhydrideLLC LimitedLiabilityCompany;LessonsLearned

CornerLLNL LawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratoryL/min,l/min Liter(s)perminuteLMWO Lanthanummolybdenumtungstenoxide(e.g.,

La2Mo1.8W0.2O9-x)LN2 LiquidnitrogenLNG LiquefiednaturalgasLOC Liquidorganiccarrier

KAIST KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology

kA/m2 Kilo-ampere(s)persquaremeterkb Kilo-basepair,aunitofmeasurementusedin

geneticsequalto1,000nucleotidesKBr Potassiumbromidekcal Kilocalorie(s)kcal/mol Kilocalorie(s)permoleKeV Kiloelectronvolt(s)kg Kilogram(s)kg/d Kilogram(s)perdaykg/hr Kilogram(s)perhourkg/m3 Kilogram(s)percubicmeterKH PotassiumhydrideKHTC Hydrotalcites;Potassium-promoted

hydrotalcitekHz KilohertzKIH FracturetoughnessmeasuredinhydrogengaskJ Kilojoule(s)KJIC FracturetoughnesskJ/mol Kilojoule(s)permolekm Kilometer(s)KMC KineticMonteCarloKOH PotassiumhydroxidekPa Kilopascal(s)kph Kilometer(s)perhourksi 1,000pound-forcepersquareinchkT/y Kiloton(s)peryearKth,Kth FracturetoughnessthresholdKTH Hydrogen-assistedcrackgrowththresholdkVA Kilovolt-amp(s)(unitsofapparentpower)kW Kilowatt(s)kWe,kWe Kilowatt(s)electrickWh Kilowatt-hour(s)kWh/kg Kilowatt-hour(s)perkilogramkWh/L Kilowatt-hour(s)perliterkW/kg Kilowatt(s)perkilogramkWt Kilowatt(s)thermalL,l Liter(s)La LanthanumLAGP LithiumaluminumgermaniumphosphateLAH Lithiumaluminumhydride(LiAlH4)λ Lambda,hydrationnumberLAMH LithiumamideandmagnesiumhydrideLAMOX Lanthanummolybdenumoxide(e.g.,

La2Mo2O9)

XIII–13FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

M70 Arkema’sfourth-generationmembranecandidate

MA Massactivity;methylacrylateMA3T MarketAcceptanceofAdvancedAutomotive

TechnologiesµA Microampere(s)mA Milliamp(s)MA MassactivityM-AB Metalammonia-boraneMAB,M-AB MetalamidoboranesµA/cm2 Microampere(s)persquarecentimetermA/cm2 Milliamp(s)persquarecentimeterMARKAL MarketAllocationModel—Ageneric,multi-

sectorenergymodeldevelopedbytheEnergyTechnologySystemsAnalysisProgramoftheInternationalEnergyAgency

MAS MagicanglespinningMAS11B-NMR

Magicanglespinningboron-11nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy

MAS-NMR Magicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonance

MATI ModularAdsorptionTankInsertMAWP MaximumallowableworkingpressureMB MegabyteMBE MolecularbeamepitaxyMBMS MolecularbeammassspectrometryM-BOP MechanicalbalanceofplantMBRC MilesbetweenroadcallMBWR ModifiedBenedictWebbRubinMC MonteCarlo;MethylcellulosemC2 Multi-componentcomposite(membrane)MCB MarineCorpsBasemC-cm-2 Millicoulomb(s)persquarecentimeterMCEL MilleniumCell,Inc.MCFC MoltencarbonatefuelcellmCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerμCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerµCHX Microscalecombustor/heatexchangerMCM Mobilecrystallinematerialμc-Si MicrocrystallinesiliconMDES Methyl-diethoxysilanemdip 5,5′-methylene-di-isophthalateMEA MembraneelectrodeassemblyMeAB MethylamineboraneMEAM Modifiedembeddedatommethod

LOHC LiquidorganichydrogencarrierLP LatticeparameterLPG LiquefiedpetroleumgasLPM Liter(s)perminuteLPR Liquid-phasereformingLQ* DehydrogenatedliquidcarrierLQ*H2 HydrogenatedliquidcarrierLRIP LowrateinitialproductionLRS LaserramanspectroscopyLSAC LowsurfaceareacarbonLSC Lanthanumstrontiumcobaltoxide,(La,Sr)

CoO3,strontium-dopedlanthanumcobaltite,La0.8Sr0.2CoO3+δ

LSCF Lanthanumstrontiumcobaltironoxide,(La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3

LSCF7328 La-Sr-Cu-Fe-OLSCM Lanthanumstrontiumchromiummanganese

oxide,(La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O3

LSCr Lanthanumstrontiumchromiumoxide,(La,Sr)CrO3

LSM LanthanumstrontiummanganeseLSMO Lanthanumstrontiummanganeseoxide,

(La,Sr)MnO3,strontium-dopedlanthanummanganite,La0.8Sr0.2MnO3+δ

LST Lanthanumstrontiumtitaniumoxide,(La,Sr)TiO3

LSV Lanthanumstrontiumvanadate;Linearsweepvoltammetry

LT Low-temperatureLTDMS Laserinducedthermaldesorptionmass

spectrometryLUMO Lowestunoccupiedmolecularorbitalm Meter(s)M Mole,Molar;Millionm2 Squaremeter(s)m2/g Squaremeter(s)pergramm2/s Squaremeter(s)persecondm3 Cubicmeter(s)M31 Arkema’sfirst-generationmembrane

candidateM41 Arkema’ssecond-generationmembrane

candidateM43 Arkema’sthird-generationmembrane

candidateM51,M52,M53

Arkema’smembanesincorporatingphosphonicacid

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–14DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

MMBtu MillionBritishthermalunitsMM-FSW Multi-pass,multi-layerfrictionstirweldingMMOF Microporousmetal-organicframeworkmmol Millimole(s)µmol Micromole(s)MMSCFD Millionstandardcubicfeet/dayMMT MillionmetrictonnesMn ManganeseMn2O3 ManganeseoxideM-N-H Amide/imideMnO ManganeseoxideµΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-squarecentimeterMo MolybdenumMO Molecularorbital;metaloxideMOA MemorandumofAgreementMOF Metal-organicframeworkmol Mole(s)MOL Middleoflifemol% Molepercentmol/min Mole(s)perminutemΩ Milli-ohm(s)MΩ Mega-ohm(s)mΩ/cm2 Milli-ohm(s)persquarecentimeterMoPc MolybdenumphthalocyanineMOR MethanoloxidationreactionMPa Megapascal(s)MPG,mpg Mile(s)pergallonMPGGE Milespergasolinegallonequivalentmph Mile(s)perhourMPHI MethylperhydroindoleMPL MicroporouslayerMPMC MassivelyParallelMonteCarlompy MilesperyearMQMAS MultiplequantummagicanglespinningMR MembranereactorMRCAT MaterialsResearchCollaborativeAccess

TeamMREC Microbialreverse-electrodialysiselectrolysis

cellMRI MagneticresonanceimagingMRL Manufacturingreadinesslevelms Millisecond(s)MS Massspectroscopy;Massspectrometry;More

StationsMSAC Mid-rangecarbonsupport;Mediumsurface

areacarbon

MEC Microbialelectrolysiscell;Minimumexplosiveconcentration

MeCN AcetonitrileMEIC Mixedelectronicandionicconducting

(membranes)MEMS Micro-electro-mechanicalsystemsMeOH Methanolmeq Milliequivalentsmeq/g Milliequivalents/gramMES MicrostructeredelectrodescaffoldMeV Megaelectronvoltmf MassfractionMg Megagram(s)µg Microgram(s)mg Milligram(s)MgCl2 Magnesiumchloridemg/cm2 Milligram(s)persquarecentimeterMgH2 MagnesiumhydrideMgH2@C MgH2incorporatedincarbonscaffoldMgO MagnesiumoxideMg(OH)2 MagnesiumhydroxidemgPt/cm2 Milligram(s)ofplatinumpersquare

centimeterMH,M-H MetalhydrideMHC Metalhydride-basedcompressorMHCoE MetalHydrideCenterofExcellenceMHE MaterialhandlingequipmentMHI MethylperhydroindoleMHz Megahertzmi Mile(s)MIE MinimumignitionenergyMIEC Mixedionicandelectronicconductionmi/kg Mile(s)perkilogrammil Millimeter(s)min Minute(s)MIT MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMiTi® MohawkInnovativeTechnologiesInc.MJ Megajoule(s)mL,ml Milliliter(s)ML MonolayerµCHP Micro-combinedheatandpowerµm Micrometer(s);micron(s)µM MicromolarmM Millimolarmm Millimeter(s)

XIII–15FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

NaBH4 SodiumborohydrideNaBO2 SodiummetaborateNACE NationalAssociationofCorrosionEngineersNaCl SodiumchlorideNACS NorthAmericanCatalysisSocietyNADH (reduced)NicotinamideadeninedinucleotideNADP NicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphateNADPH Nicotinamideadenininedinucleotide

phosphateNafion® RegisteredTrademarkofE.I.DuPontde

NemoursNaH SodiumhydrideNANG NorthAmericannaturalgasNaOH SodiumhydroxideNAS NationalAcademyofSciencesNASA NationalAeronauticsandSpace

AdministrationNb NiobiumNcc NormalcubiccentimetersN/cm2 Newton(s)persquarecentimeterNCNR NISTCenterforNeutronResearchND NotdeterminedatthistimeNDC Newdeliveryconcept,Naphthalene-2,6-

dicarboxylatenDDB N-dodecylbenzeneNDE Non-destructiveexaminationNE U.S.DOEOfficeofNuclearEnergy,Science,

andTechnologyNEB NudgedelasticbandNEC NationalElectricalCodeNEF N-ethylformamideNEMS NationalEnergyModelingSystemNEPA NationalEnvironmentalPolicyActNETL NationalEnergyTechnologyLaboratoryNEU NortheasternUniversityNEXAFS NearedgeX-rayabsorptionfinestructureNFCBP NationalFuelCellBusProgramNFCRC NationalFuelCellResearchCenterNFM NanoporousframeworkmaterialNfn-Pt/C Nafion®-loadedPt/CNFPA NationalFireProtectionAssociationng NanogramNG NaturalgasNGCC NaturalgascombinedcycleNGNP NextGenerationNuclearPlantNGV Naturalgasvehicle

mS/cm Milli-Siemen(s)percentimeterMS-H2 HydrogenmassspectrometryMSM Macro-SystemModelMSR MembranesteamreformerMSRI MaterialsandSystemsResearch,Inc.MSTF MesostructuredthinfilmsMTA Metrictonneperannum;MassTransportation

AgencyMTBF MeantimebetweenfailureMTBR MeantimebetweenrepairsM/TC Metal-dopedtemplatedcarbonM-TCPP M=Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,H2,tetrakis(4-

carboxyphenyl)porphyrinmtorr MillitorrµV Microvolt(s)mV Millivolt(s)MV MethylviologenmW Milliwatt(s)MW Megawatt(s)MW MolecularweightmW/cm2 Milliwatt(s)persquarecentimeterMWCNT Multiple-wallcarbonnanotubeMWe Megawatt(s)electricMWh Megawatt-hour(s)MWNT Multi-wallcarbonnanotubeMWOE MidwestOptoelectronics,LLCMWth Megawatt(s)thermalMYPP Multi-YearProgramPlan(theFuelCell

TechnologiesOffice’sMulti-YearResearch,Development,andDemonstrationPlan)

MYRDD,MYRD&DP Multi-YearResearch,DevelopmentandDemonstrationPlan

N Normal(e.g.,1NH3PO4is1normalsolutionofphosphoricacid)

N NitrogenatomN Newton(unitofforce)N112 Nafion1100equivalentweight,2millimeter

thickmembraneN2 DiatomicnitrogenN2O NitrousoxideNa SodiumNA NorthAmericanNa2S SodiumsulfideNa3AlH6 TrisodiumhexahydroaluminateNaAlH4 Sodiumaluminumhydride;Sodium

tetrahydroaluminate;Sodiumalanate

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–16DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

NPPD n-phenyl-phenylenediamineNPS NationalParkServiceNPT NormalpressureandtemperatureNPV NetpresentvalueNR NanorodNR3 TertiaryamineNRC NationalResearchCouncilNREL NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryNRELFAT NRELFleetAnalysisToolkitNRVS NuclearresonancevibrationalspectroscopyNSF NationalScienceFoundationNSTF Nano-structuredthin-filmNSTFC Nano-structuredthinfilmcatalystNT NanotubeNTCNA NissanTechnicalCenter,NorthAmericaNTE Negativethermal-expansionN-T-NT Nano-grasstypetitaniananotubeNV NeutronvibrationalNVS NeutronvibrationalspectroscopyNW NanowireNWM NaturalWaterManagement,UTCPower’s

systemandcellstackdesignwhichutilizesevaprotativecoolinginthecellstackassembly

NYSERDA NewYorkStateEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAuthority

NZVI NanozerovalentironΩ Ohm(s)Ωcm2 Ohm(s)-squarecentimeterO OxygenO2 DiatomicoxygenO/C Oxygen-to-carbonratioOCP OpencircuitpotentialOCSD OrangeCountySanitationDistrictOCV Open-circuitvoltageo.d.,OD OuterdiameterODA OxygenatedformofdiamineODE OrdinarydifferentialequationOEC OxygenevolvingcomplexOEM OriginalequipmentmanufacturerOER OxygenevolutionreactionOGMC OrderedgraphiticmesoporouscarbonOH- HydroxylradicalO&M OperationandmaintenanceOMC OrderedmesoporouscarbonΩ Ohm(s)

NH3 AmmoniaNHA NationalHydrogenAssociationNHE NormalhydrogenelectrodeNHFC4 NationalHydrogenandFuelCellsCodesand

StandardsCoordinatingCommitteeNHI NuclearHydrogenInitiativeNHTSA NationalHighwayTrafficSafety

AdministrationoftheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation

Ni NickelNICC NaturalgasInfrastructureComponentCost

modelNILS NormalinterstitiallatticesitesNiMH NickelmetalhydrideNIR Nearinfra-redNIST NationalInstituteofStandardsand

TechnologyNL Normalliter(s)NLDFT Non-localdensityfunctionaltheorynm Nanometer(s)NM NoblemetalNm3 Normalcubicmeter(s)NMHC Non-methanehydrocarbonsNMOC Non-methaneorganiccarbonsnmol Nanomole(s)NMP N-methylpyrrolidoneNMR NuclearmagneticresonanceNMSU NewMexicoStateUniversityNMT NewMexicoTechNNA Non-NorthAmericanNNANG Non-NorthAmericannaturalgasNNIF NISTneutronimagingfacilityNNSA NationalNuclearSecurityAdministrationNO2 NitricoxideNOA NorlandOpticalAdhesivenOB N-octylbenzeneNOx,NOx OxidesofnitrogenNP NanoparticleNPB NeopentylbenzeneNPC Nanoporouscarbon;NormalizedphotocurrentNPGM Non-preciousmetalgroupNPMC Non-preciousmetalcatalystNPD NeutronpowderdiffractionNPDF NeutronpowderdiffractionNPM Nanostructuredpolymericmaterials;

Non-preciousmetal

XIII–17FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

PCF PolycarbonatefilmPCHD Poly(cyclohexadiene)PCI Pressure-compositionisothermPCL PolycaprolactonePCM PowercontrolmodulePCN PorouscoordinationnetworkP-C-P Phosphorus-carbon-phosphorusPCR PolymerasechainreactionPCS PowerconditioningsystemPCT,P-C-T Pressure-concentration-temperaturePCTFE PolychlorotrifluoroethylenePd PalladiumPDA PhenyldiacetylenePdAg Palladium-silveralloyPd-ACF Pd-modifiedactivatedcarbonfibersPd-CR Palladium-basedchemicalresistorPdCu,Pd-Cu Palladium-copperalloyPdCuTM PalladiumcoppertransitionmetalPDF Probabilitydensityfunction;Pairdistribution

functionPdHg/CF Carbonfoamdopedwithpalladium-mercury

compoundPDI PolydispersityindexPd-MIS Palladium-basedmetal-insulator-

semiconductorPDMS PolydimethylsiloxanePDS PotentiodynamicscanPDU ProcessdevelopmentunitPE Polyelectrolyte;PolyethylenePEC Photoelectrochemical;Photoelectrocatalyst;

PhotoelectrochemicalcellPECH PolyepichlorohydrinPECVD Plasma-enhancedchemicalvapordepositionPED PulsedelectrodepositionPEDOT:ClO4 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):perchloratePEEK PolyetheretheretherketonePEFC Polymerelectrolytefuelcell;Protonexchange

fuelcellPEG PolyethyleneglycolPEGMEMA Monomethoxypoly(ethyleneglycol)

methacrylatePEGS PrototypeelectrostaticgroundstatePEI Polyetherimide;PolyethyleneiminePEKK Poly(etherketoneketone)PEM Protonexchangemembrane;Polymer

electrolytemembrane

Ωcm2 Ohm(s)-squarecentimeterONR OfficeofNavalResearchORF OpeningReadingFrameindicatingthe

occurenceofaproteincodingregionintheDNAsequence

ORNL OakRidgeNationalLaboratoryORNL-HTML

OakRidgeNationalLaboratoryHighTemperatureMaterialsLaboratory

ORR OxygenreductionreactionOSC OxygenstoragecapabilityOSHA OccupationalSafetyandHealth

AdministrationOSM Opticalscatterfieldmicroscopyo-SWNH Oxidizedsingle-wallednanohornOSU OhioStateUniversityOSU OregonStateUniversity(Microproducts

BreakthroughInstitute)OTM OxygentransportmembraneP PhosphorusP PressurePa Pascal(s)PA Phosphoricacid,Phenylacetylene;PolyamidePAA Poly(acrylicacid)P&D PickupanddeliveryPAD Polymer-assisteddepositionPADD PetroleumAdministrationforDefense

DistrictPAES Poly(arylene-ether-sulfone)PAFC PhosphoricacidfuelcellP&ID PipingandinstrumentationdiagramPAN Peroxyacetylnitrate;PolyacrylonitrilePANI PolyanilinePAN-MA PolyacrylonitrilewithmethylacrylatePAN-VA PolyacrylonitrilewithvinylacetatePA/PBI Phosphoric-acid-dopedpolybenzimidazolePAR Photosynthetically-activeradiationPAS Photoactivesemiconductor;PhotoacousticPb LeadPB PolyborazylenePBI PolybenzimidazolePBPDSA poly(biphenylenedisulfonicacid)P-C Pressure-compositionPC PolycarbonatePCA PyrenecarboxylicacidPCE Perchloroethylene

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–18DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

PHEV Plug-inhybridelectricvehiclePHI Perhydro-indolizidinePHIP Para-hydrogeninducedpolarizationPHMI Perhydro-methylindolePhOH PhenolPI PrincipalinvestigatorPI PolyimideP&ID Pipingandinstrumentationdiagram;Process

andinstrumentationdiagramPIL,pIL ProticionicliquidPIM,pIM ProticionicmembranepKa AciddissociationconstantPLC ProgrammablelogiccontrollerPLLA Poly-L-lacticacidPLP PreparedLewispairPLRS PlanarlaserRaleighscatterPLS Polymer-layeredsilicatePM PreciousmetalsuchasplatinumPM ParticulatematterPMG Glycidylmethacrylate-typecopolymerPMMA Poly(methylmethacrylate)PND PolymerizednitrogendonorPNNL PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratorypO2 OxygenpartialpressurePOC ProofofconceptPOCOP P,P-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-,3-[[bis(1,1-

dimethylethyl)phosphino]oxy]phenylesterPOF Polymeric-organicframework;Porous

organicframeworkPOM PolyoxometallatePOP PorousorganicpolymersPOSS PolyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxanePOX PartialoxidationPP Polyphosphazene;Polypropylene;

Poly(phenylene)PPA Polyphosphoricacid;Polyphthalamideppb Part(s)perbillionppbv Part(s)perbillionbyvolumePPDSA Poly(p-phenylenedisulfonicacid)PPE PorouspolyethylenePPI PlugPower,Inc.;Pore(s)perinchppm,PPM Part(s)permillionppmv Part(s)permillionbyvolumeppmw Part(s)permillionbyweightPPN PorouspolymernetworkPPO Phenylphosphineoxide

PEMFC Polymerelectrolytemembranefuelcell;Protonexchangemembranefuelcell

PEN PolyethylenenaphthalatePEO Poly(ethyleneoxide)PES PolyethersulfonePES ProtonEnergySystems,Inc.PES PolyethersulfonePET PolyethyleneteraphthalatePetF1 SynechocystishostferredoxinPEV Plug-inelectricvehiclePF PerfluoroPFA Perfluoroalkoxy(atypeoffluoropolymer)PFA PolyfurfurylalcoholPFAC PFA-derivedcarbonPFAE PerfluoroalkyletherPFC PolymerelectrolytemembranefuelcellPFCS Poly-generativefuelcellsystemsPFD ProcessflowdiagramPFGB PerfluorinatedguanidinebasePFG-NMR Pulsefieldgradientnuclearmagnetic

resonancePFGSE PulsefieldgradientspinechoPFGSENMR Pulsedfieldgradientspinechonuclear

magneticresonancePFIA PerfluoroimideacidPFPO PerfluorinatedpropyleneoxidePFPO-PSS Poly(perfluoropropyleneoxide)-b-

poly(styrenesulfonate)PFSA Perfluorinatedsulfonicacid,perfluorosulfonic

acid,poly(fluorosulfonicacid)PFSI PerfluorosulfonateionomerPFSHQ 2-(5-fluorosulfonyl-3-oxaoctafluoropentyl)-

1,4-dihydroxy-benzenePG PropyleneglycolPGAA Prompt-gammaactivationanalysisPGE PlatinumgroupelementPGM Preciousgroupmetal;Platinum-groupmetalPGSE Pulsed-fieldgradientspin-echoPGV PunaGeothermalVenturespH Powerofthehydroniumionp-H2 Para-hydrogenPh3SnCl TriphenyltinchloridePh3SnSnPh3 HexaphenyldistannanePHA Processhazardanalysis;Preliminaryhazard

analysisPHEC Perhydro-ethylcarbazole

XIII–19FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

Pt/AX-21 Pt-dopedmicroporouscarbonAX-21Pt/C Platinum/carbonPTC ProductiontaxcreditPTFE Teflon®–poly-tetrafluoroethylenePt-FePO PlatinumironphosphatePTM ProtontransportmembranePtML PlatinummonolayerPt-MM PlatinumgroupmixedmetalPt-NH Platinumdecoratedcarbonnano-hornsPtO PlatinumoxidePtO2 PlatinumdioxidePtRu PlatinumrutheniumPt-SWNH Platinumdecoratedsingle-wallednanohornsPt-TaPO PlatinumtantalumphosphatePTTPP Poly-tetrakis(3,5-dithiophen-2-ylphenyl)-

porphyrinPTW PumptowheelsPV Photovoltaic;PresentvaluePVA PolyvinylalcoholPVC PolyvinylchloridePVD PhysicalvapordepositionPVDC PolyvinylidenechloridePVDF PolyvinylidenefluoridePVP PolyvinylpyrrolidonePVPP PolyvinylpyridiniumphosphatePVT,P-V-T Pressure-Volume-TemperaturePXRD PowderX-raydiffractionPyC 4-pyrazolecarboxylatePzDC 2,8-pyrazaboledicarboxylateQ NeutronmomentumtransferQ1,Q2,Q3,Q4

QuartersoftheyearQC QualitycontrolQCM QuartzcrystalmicrobalanceQE QuantumefficiencyQENS QuasielasticneutronscatteringQLRA QualitativeriskanalysisQMC QuantumMonteCarloQNS QuasielasticneutronscatteringQRA QuantitativeriskassessmentqRT-PCR Quantitativereversetranscriptase-polymerase

chainreactionQst IsostericheatofadsorptionR Universaloridealgasconstant,8.314472J·

K-1·mol-1

RAMAN Aspectroscopictechnique

PPOR MetalloporphyrinporousorganicpolymerP-POSS Phosphonicacidpolyhedraloligomeric

silsesquioxanePPS PolyphenylenesulfidePPSA Poly(p-phenylenesulfonicacid)PPSA PartialpressureswingadsorptionPPSU PolyphenylsulfonePPy PolypyrrolePr PraseodymiumPR PressureratioPRA ProbabilisticriskassessmentPRD PressurereliefdevicePrOx PreferentialoxidationPRSV Peng-RobinsonStryjek-VeraPS Protonsponge(bis-(dimethyamino)

naphthalene)PS PolysiloxanePSA Pressureswingadsorption,adsorberPSAT PowertrainSystemsAnalysisToolkit,

avehiclesimulationsoftwarepackagedevelopedatArgonneNationalLaboratory

PSD Particlesizedistribution,poresizedistribution

PSEPVE Perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene)sulfonylfluoride

PSf Poly(aryleneethersulfone)psi,PSI Pound(s)persquareinchPSI PhotosystemIpsia Pound(s)persquareinchabsolutepsid Pound(s)persquareinchdifferentialpsig,PSIG Pound(s)persquareinchgaugePSOFC PlanarsolidoxidefuelcellPSS Porousstainlesssteel;PotentiostaticscanPSU PolysulfonePSU PennsylvaniaStateUniversityPt PlatinumPT PhosphazenetrimerP-T Pressure-temperaturePt3Co Platinum-cobaltalloyPt3Fe Platinum-ironalloyPt3Ni Platinum-nickelalloyPTA PhosphotungsticacidPt/AC/BC/IRMOF-8

Isoreticularmetalorganicframework(MOF)dopedwithplatinumsupportedonactivatedcarbon,andfurthercoupledtoMOFwithabridgingcompound

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–20DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

RR RoundrobinRRDE RotatingringdiscelectrodeRSOFC ReversiblesolidoxidefuelcellRT RoomtemperatureRTD ResistivetemperaturedeviceRTIL RoomtemperatureionicliquidRTO Ruthenium-titaniumoxideRu Rutheniums Second(s)S Siemen(s)S Sulfur-S Sulfur-deprivedSA SpecificamperageSA SurfaceareaSA Sulfur-ammoniathermochemicalwater-

splittingcycle;SystemArchitectSAC Super-activatedcarbonSAE SAEInternational,originallyknownasthe

SocietyofAutomotiveEngineersSAFC SolidacidfuelcellSAH SodiumaluminumhydrideSAM ScanningAugermicroscopySAMPE SocietyfortheAdvancementofMaterialand

ProcessEngineeringSANS SmallangleneutronscatteringSAS Styrene-acrylonitrile-vinylsulfateSASSP SolventassistedsolidstateprocessingSAXS SmallangleX-rayscatteringSBAB Sec-butylamineboraneSBET BETspecificsurfaceareaSBH SodiumborohydrideSBIR SmallBusinessInnovationResearchSc ScandiumS/C SteamtocarbonratioSCC Stresscorrosioncrackingsccm,SCCM Standardcubiccentimeter(s)perminuteSCCV Steel/concretecompositevesselSCE SaturatedcalomelelectrodeSCF,scf Standardcubicfeet;Supercriticalfluidscfd StandardcubicfeetperdaySCFH,scfh StandardcubicfeetperhourSCFM StandardcubicfeetperminuteS/cm Siemen(s)percentimeterSCOF SinglecellwithopenflowfieldSCR Selectivecatalyticreduction;Semi-conductor

rectifier

RAS RussianAcademyofSciencesRBS RutherfordbackscatteringRC Resistance-capacitance;ResearchclusterRCD RatedcurrentdensityRCS RegulationscodesandstandardsRCSWG Regulations,Codes,andStandardsWorking

GroupRct ChargetransferresistanceRCWA RigorouscoupleswaveguideanalysisR&D ResearchanddevelopmentRD&D,R,D&D

Research,development&demonstrationRDE RotatingdiskelectrodeRe RheniumReaxFF Reactiveforcefieldlarge-scalemolecular

dynamiccalculationsREC RenewableenergycreditRED ReverseelectrodialysisREWP RenewableEnergyWorkingPartyRf GenericfluoroalkylgroupRF,rf RadiofrequencyRFC RegenerativefuelcellRFP RequestforproposalsRFT Reactiveflow-throughRGA Residualgasanalyzer(analysis)Rh RhodiumRH RelativehumidityRHE Referencehydrogenelectrode;Reversible

hydrogenelectrodeRHLC Relativehumidity/loadcycletestρa Apparentdensityofactivatedcarbonρad.H2

AdsorbatehydrogendensityinmicroporesRIXS ResonantinelasticX-rayscatteringspectraRMS RootmeansquareRNA RibonucleicacidRNG RenewablenaturalgasROI ReturnoninvestmentROM RoughorderofmagnitudeROMP Ring-openingmetathesispolymerizationROW RightofwayRPC Ruthenium-polypridylcomplexRPI RensselaerPolytechnicInstituterpm Revolution(s)perminuteRPN RiskprioritynumberRPS RenewableportfoliostandardRPSA Rapicpressureswingadsorption

XIII–21FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

SLMA Sr-andMn-dopedLaAlO3

SLPH Standardliter(s)perhourSLPM Standarsliter(s)perminuteslpm,slm,sL/min Standardliter(s)perminuteSLT Strontium-dopedlanthanumtitanateSMART Specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,

timelySMR Steammethanereformer;Steammethane

reformingSMR-ECM Steammethanereformerwithelectrochemical

purifierSMR-PSA Steammethanereformerwithpressureswing

adsorptionSMT Single-moleculetrapSn TinSNG SubstitutenaturalgasSNL SandiaNationalLaboratoriesSNLL SandiaNationalLaboratoryLivermoreSnO TinoxideSnO2 TinoxideSNR Signal-to-noiseratioSNS SpallationneutronsourceSNTT SpiralnotchtorsiontestSO2 SulfurdioxideSO3 SulfurtrioxideSOC State-of-chargeSOEC Solidoxideelectrolysiscell;Solidoxide

electrolyzercellSOFC SolidoxidefuelcellSOFEC Solidoxidefuel-assistedelectrolysiscellSOM Solid-oxideoxygen-ion-conducting

membraneSORFC SolidoxideregenerativefuelcellSOTA StateoftheartSOW StatementofworkSOx OxidesofsulfursPAES Sulfonatedpoly(aryleneethersulfone)SPE SolidphaseepitaxialSPEEK Sulfonatedpoly(etheretherketone)SPEK Sulfonatedpoly-etherketone-ketoneSPEKK Sulfonatedpolyether(etherketoneketone)SPEX TypeofmillingmachineSPM ScanningprobemicroscopesPOSS Sulfonatedoctaphenylpolyhedraloligomeric

silsesquioxanes

ScSZ Scandia-stabilizedzirconiaSD Standarddeviation;SystemdynamicsSDAPP SulfonatedDiels-AlderpolyphenyleneSDAPPe SulfonatedDiels-AlderpolyphenyleneetherSDC Samarium-dopedceriasDCDPS 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfoneSDE SO2-depolarizedelectrolyzerSDO StandardsdevelopmentorganizationSe SeleniumSE Secondaryelectron;spectroscopic

ellipsometrysec Second(s)SECA SolidStateEnergyConversionAllianceSECM ScanningelectrochemicalmicroscopeSEM Scanningelectronmicroscopy;Scanning

electronmicroscopeSEOS SimpleequationofstateSERA ScenarioEvaluation,Regionalization,and

AnalysisSERC SchatzEnergyResearchCenterSET SurfaceenergytreatmentSF Safetyfactor;Polystyrene-b-PFPOSF6 SulfurhexafluorideSFA SulfonicacidSFC2 SrFeCo0.5Ox

SFM Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ

SFT Sr-Fe-TioxideSFTI Sr0.1Fe0.9Ti0.10Ox

SG ShalegasSGD Spontaneousgalvanicdisplacement;System

gravimetricdensitySGIP Self-GenerationIncentiveProgramSh SherwoodSHE StandardhydrogenelectrodeSi SiliconS-I Sulfur-iodineSI Sulfur-iodinecycle;SpectrumimageSi3N4 SiliconnitrideSiC SiliconcarbideSiCN SiliconcarbonitrideSIMS SecondaryionemissionspectroscopySi-NS SilicananospringsSiO2 SilicondioxideSIU SouthernIllinoisUniversitysL Standardliter(0°C,1atm)SLAC StanfordLinearAcceleratorCenter

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–22DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

t TimeT1bar Temperatureatwhichequilibriumpressure

ofhydrogenis1barforahydrogenexchangereaction

Ta TantalumTA TerephthalicacidTAG TechnicalAdvisoryGroupTAMU TexasA&MUniversityTaON TantalumoxynitrideTaPO TantalumphosphateTBAB Tetra-n-butylammoniumbromideTBA2B12H12 Tetra-n-butylammonium

dodecahydrododecaborateTBABh Tetra-n-butylammoniumborohydrideTBA-PF6 Tetra-n-butylammoniumhexafluorophosphateTBD TobedeterminedTBMD Tight-bindingmoleculardynamicTC TemplatedcarbonTC ThermocoupleTCCR Transparent,conductingandcorrosion

resistantTCD ThermalconductivitydetectorTCNE TetracyanoethyleneTCO TransparentconductiveoxideTDDFT Time-dependentdensityfunctionaltheoryTDLAS TunablediodelaserabsorptionspectroscopyTDS TransitionaldemandscenarioTe Telluriumte Metrictonortonne(1,000kg)TEA TriethylamineTEA2B12H12 TriethylammoniumdodecahydrododecaborateTEAA TriethylaminealaneadductTEAB TetraethylammoniumborohydrideTEAH TetraethylammoniumhydroxideTEAMS tetraethylammoniummethanesulfonicTED Triethylene-diamineTEDA TriethylenediamineTEM TransmissionelectronmicroscopyTEOA TriethanolamineTEOM TaperedelementoscillatingmicrobalanceTEOS Tetra-ethoxysilanetf ThinfilmTf Trifluormethanesufonate,ortriflateanion

(CF3SO3-)TFA TrifluoromethanesulfonicacidTFAc Trifluoroacetate

S-PPSU SulfonatedpolyphenylsulfoneSPS Sparkplasmasinteringsq.in. Squareinch(es)Sr StrontiumSR Steamreformer;Steamreforming;Salinity

ratio;StoichometricratioSRNL SavannahRiverNationalLaboratorySrO StrontiumoxideSRR Solarreceiver-reactorSrTiO3 StrontiumtitanateSS StainlesssteelSSA SpecificsurfaceareaSSAWG StorageSystemAnalysisWorkingGroupSSC Shortside-chain;Structure,system,and

componentSSM SacrificialsupportmethodSSNMR Solid-statenuclearmagneticresonanceSSRL StanfordSynchrotronRadiationLaboratorySSWAG StorageSystemWorkingAnalysisGroupSTCH SolarthermochemicalhydrogenSTEM ScanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopySTH Solar-to-hydrogenSTM ScanningtunnelingmicroscopySTMBMS Simultaneousthermogravimetricmodulated

beammassspectrometerSTP StandardtemperatureandpressureSTS ScanningtunnelingspectroscopySTTP SharedTechnologyTransferProjectSTTR SmallBusinessTechnologyTransferSu UltimatetensilestrengthSU/SD Start-upandshut-downSUNY-ESF StateUniversityNewYorkEnvironmental

ScienceForestrySV SpacevelocitySVD SystemvolumetricdensitySW SquarewaveSWCNH Single-wallcarbonnanohornSWCNT Single-walledcarbonnanotubeSWNH Single-wallednanohornSWNT Single-wallnanotubeSwRI® SouthwestResearchInstitute®

Sy YieldstrengthSYT Yttrium-dopedstrontiumtitanateT TemperatureT,t Ton,tonneT Tesla(unitofmagneticinduction)

XIII–23FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

TMOS TetramethoxysilaneTMPP TetramethoxyphenylporphyrinsTMPS TrimethoxylphenylsilaneTMPyP TetramethylpyridylporphineTNA TitaniananotubearrayTNT TrinitrotolueneTN-T TiO2nanotubesTOC TotalorganiccontentTOF TurnoverfrequencyToF-SIMS Time-of-flightsecondaryionspectroscopyTPA Tripropylamine;Temperature-programmed

adsorptionTPAH Tetra-n-propylammoniumhydroxideTPB TriplephaseboundaryTPD Tonne(s)perdayTPD Thermallyprogrammeddesorption;

Temperature-programmeddesorptionTPDMS Temperature-programmeddesorptionmass

spectrometryTPO Temperature-programmedoxidationTPP TetraphenylporphyrinTPPS 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)

porphyrinTPR Temperature-programmedreductionTPRD Thermally-activatedpressurereliefdeviceTPS 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propane-sulfonicacidTPV Through-platevoltageTRA TechnologyReadinessAssessmentTRAIN TrainingFinderRealtimeAffiliateNetworkTRL TechnologyreadinesslevelTRO RuO2-TiO2

Trityl Chemicalblockinggroupusedtoprotectamines

tr.oz. TroyounceTSWS Temperature-swingwatersplittingTVS TwinVorticesSeriesTW TriangelwaveUC UniversityofCaliforniaUCB UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyUCF UniversityofCentralFloridaUCI UniversityofCalifornia,IrvineUCLA UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesUCONN UniversityofConnecticutUCSB UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbaraUDDS UrbanDynamometerDrivingScheduleUEL Upperexplosivelimit

TFE TetrafluoroethyleneTFMPA TrifluoromethylphosphonicacidTFMSA TrifluoromethanesulfonicacidTF-RDE Thinfilmrotatingdiskelectrodetf-Si Thin-filmsiliconTFSI bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imideTFVE TrifluorovinyletherTg,Tg GlasstransitiontemperatureTG Thermogravimetric;TheoryGroupTGA Thermalgravimetricanalysis;

Thermogravimetricanalysis;Thermogravimetricanalyzer

TGA-DSC Thermo-gravimetricanalysis-differentialscanningcalorimetry

TGA-MS Thermogravimetricanalysis-massspectrometer

TG-DTA Thermo-gravimetric/differentialthermalanalyzer

THF TetrahydrofuranTi TitaniumTiCl3 TitaniumtrichlorideTiF3 TitaniumtrifluorideTiH2 TitaniumhydrideTi-IRMOF-16 Titanium(Ti)intercalatedIRMOF-16TiO2 Titaniumdioxide(anatase)TIVM ToroidalintersectingvanemachineTKK TanakaKikinzokuKogyoK.K.TLA,Tla Truncatedlight-harvestingchlorophyll

antennatla1 MutantoftheTla1gene(GenBankAssession

No.AF534570)tlaR Mutantofunknowngenewithatruncated

light-harvestingchlorophyllantennatlaX Mutantofunknowngenewithatruncated

light-harvestingchlorophyllantennaTLCP ThermotropicliquidcrystalpolymerTM TetramethylbisphenolATM TransitionmetalTMA Trimethylamine;TrimethylaluminumTMA ThermalmechanicalanalyzerTMAA TrimethylaminealaneadductTMAB TetramethylammoniumborohydrideTMAH TetramethylammoniumhydroxideTMB TrimethylborateTMEDA Tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine;N1,N1,N2,N2-

tetramethylethane-1,2-diamineTMG Tetramethylguanidine

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

XIII–24DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2013 Annual Progress Report

UT UniversityofToledo;UniversityofTennesseeUTC,UTCFC UnitedTechnologiesCorporationFuelCellsUTC UniversityofTennessee,ChattanoogaUTCP UTCPowerUTRC UnitedTechnologiesResearchCenterUV UltravioletUV-vis Ultraviolet-visualUW UniversityofWashingtonV VanadiumV VoltVA VinylacetateVAC VoltsalternatingcurrentVACNTs VerticallyalignedcarbonnanotubesVANTA VerticallyalignednanotubearraysVASP ViennaabinitiosimulationpackageVaTech VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandState

UniversityVB ValencebandVBM Valencebandminimum,Valenceband

maximumVC VanadiumcarbideVC VulcancarbonVDC VoltsdirectcurrentVDF VinylidenefluorideVDOS VibrationaldensityofstatesvdW vanderWaalsvdW-DF vanderWaalsdensityfunctionVFA VolatilefattyacidVFS VehiclefuelingstationV(H2) Volumetrichydrogenadsorptioncapacity;

VolumetrichydrogenstoragecapacityVHSV VolumetrichourlyspacevelocityVHTR Veryhightemperaturegas-coolednuclear

reactorVHTS Virtualhigh-throughputscreeningVI VenterInstituteV-I,V/I Voltage–currentVIM/VAR Vacuuminductionmelting/vacuumarc

remeltingVIR Voltage-current-resistanceVIS Visiblelightat400-700nmVmp MicroporevolumeVMT VehiclemilestraveledVOC Volatileorganiccompound,Voltageopen

circuitVol.,vol. Volume

UFL UpperflammabilitylimitUGA UniversityofGeorgia,AthensUH UniversityofHawaiiUHP Ultra-highpurityUHV Ultra-highvacuumUIUC UniversityofIllinois,Urbana-ChampaignUL UnderwritersLaboratoryULAM Ultra-low-anglemicrotomyULSD Ultra-lowsulfurdieselUM UniversityofMichiganUMC UnsaturatedmetalcentersUMC UltramicroporouscarbonUMCP UniversityofMarylandCollegeParkUMSL UniversityofMissouri,St.LouisUN UnitedNationsUNB UniversityofNewBrunswickUNCC UniversityofNorthCarolinaatCharlotteUNECE UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor

EuropeUNLV UniversityofNevada,LasVegasUNLVRF UNLVResearchFoundationUNM UniversityofNewMexicoUNR UniversityofNevada,RenoUPD UnderpotentialdepositionUP-DW Ultra-puredistilledwaterUPE Ultra-highmolecularweightpolyethyleneUPL UpperpotentiallimitUPS UltravioletphotoelectronspectroscopyU.S. UnitedStatesUS06 EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyvehicle

drivingcycleUSA UnitedStatesofAmericaUSANS Ultra-smallangleneutronscatteringUSAXS Ultra-smallangleX-rayscatteringUSB UniversalserialbusUSC UniversityofSouthCarolina;Universityof

SouthernCaliforniaUSCAR UnitedStatesCouncilforAutomotive

Research,U.S.CooperativeAutomotiveResearch

U.S.DRIVE UnitedStatesDrivingResearchandInnovationforVehicleefficiencyandEnergysustainability

USFCC UnitedStatesFuelCellCouncilUSM UniversityofSouthernMississippiUSTAG U.S.TechnicalAdvisoryGroup

XIII–25FY 2013 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

XIII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions

WTP WatertransportplateWTPP Well-to-powerplantWTT Well-to-tankWTW Well-to-wheelsw/v WeightbyvolumeWWTP WastewatertreatmentplantX- ananionicligandsuchaschlorideXAFS X-rayabsorptionfinestructureXANES X-rayabsorptionnear-edgespectroscopyXAS X-rayabsorptionspectroscopyXC72 High-surface-areacarbonsupportmadeby

CabotXES X-rayemissionspectroscopyXPS X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,X-ray

photonspectroscopy,X-rayphotoemissionspectroscopy,X-rayphotoluminescencespectroscopy

XPS-UPS X-rayphotoelectron-ultravioletphotoelectronspectroscopy

XRD X-raydiffractionXRF X-rayfluorescenceY Yttriumyr,YR YearYSZ Yttria-stablizedzirconiaZ AtomicnumberZEBA ZeroEmissionBayAreaZEV ZeroemissionvehicleZHS ZinchydroxystannateZIF ZeoliticimidazolateframeworkZIO Zirconium-dopedindiumoxideZMOF Zeolite(-type)metal-organicframeworkZn ZincZnO ZincoxideZPE Zeropointenergyzpp ZirconiumphenylphosphonateZr ZirconiumZrO2 ZirconiumdioxideZrSPP ZirconiumphosphatesulfophenylphosphonateZVI Zerovalentiron

vol% VolumepercentVpore TotalporevolumeVT VirginiaTechW TungstenW Watt(s)WAXD Wide-angleX-raydiffractionWAXS WideangleX-rayscatteringWBS WorkbreakdownscheduleWC Tungstencarbon;TungstencarbideW/cm2 Watt(s)persquarecentimeterWDD WaterdisplacementdesorptionWe,We Watt(s)electricWG WorkinggroupWG-12 WorkingGroup12WGS Water-gasshiftWGSMR Water-gasshiftmembranereactorWGSR Water-gasshiftreactorWh Watt-hour(s)W(H2) GravimetrichydrogenstoragecapacityW-h/kg Watt-hour(s)perkilogramW-h/L,Wh/liter,Wh/L

Watt-hour(s)perliterWHSV WeighthourlyspacevelocityWind2H2 WindtohydrogendemonstrationprojectW/kg Watt(s)perkilogramW/L,W/l Watt(s)perliterW/m-K,W/m.K,W/mK

Watt(s)permeter-Kelvin(unitofthermalconductivity)

WMO WorldMeteorologicalOrganizationWO3 TungstentrioxideWOx TungstenoxideWP.29 WorkingParty29-WorldForumfor

HarmonizationofVehicleRegulationsWppm Weightpart(s)permillionWSTF WhiteSandsTestFacilitywt WeightWt Watt(s)thermalwt%,wt.% Weightpercent(percentbyweight)WTP Welltopump