The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)

EODI AGHS 09.06.2009 S.Knipe # 1

Stuart Knipe

• Introduction

• What is Tritium?

• Containment Principles

• Tritium History of JET

• The AGHS Process

• Safety Systems

• Development in AGHS

• Questions

• Plant Visit

What is Tritium?Hydrogen isotope

Protium Deuterium Tritium

Shielding is a function of containment

Atomic weight: 3.01605 gHalf life: 12.323 yRadiation: β- decay Decay product: T 3He + β-

Range of Beta radiation in air: 0.5 mmin water: 6 µm

Tritium is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen.

• To prevent release of tritium to the working environment or beyond• Minimise ‘releasable’ tritium by employing small diameter pipework in primary

containment• Welded connections wherever possible to minimise potential leak points• High integrity system built to Quality Standards• Maintain process pressure at, or below, atmospheric pressure• Secondary containment with inert atmosphere prevents oxidation and allows

recovery to process. Secondary containment operates below atmospheric pressure

• Monitor secondary containment and shutdown subsystem if activity is detected• Recovery mechanism from secondary containment. Evacuated volumes

available to remove gas from faulty system

Containment Principles

Tritium History of JET

• First Plasma at JET – 25th June 1983

• Commence construction of AGHS 1989

• Preliminary Tritium Experiment (PTE) 1991 (0.1g T2)

• Inactive commissioning of AGHS 1995

• Trace Tritium Commissioning of AGHS 1995 (0.1g T2)

• Full Tritium Commissioning of AGHS 1996 (3g T2)

• DTE1 1997 (20g T2)

• RTE 1998

• D-D Operations

• Transition from Joint Undertaking to UKAEA 1999-2000

• Trace Tritium Experiment 2003

Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) Building

T2 transfer lines and forevacuumconnections

Torus Hall

The Active Gas Handling System

Mechanical�Forevacuum�

Exhaust�Detritiation�

Impurity�Processing�

Analytical�Laboratory�

Isotope �Separation

Gas chroma-�tography�

Cryo-�distillation�

Cryogenic�Forevacuum�

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Active Gas Handling System (AGHS) JG98

Intermediate Storage�(IS)

Product�Storage�

Gas�Introduction�

Gas Distribution�(GD)

TRITIUM RECYCLING AT JET

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Product Storage

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Gas Introduction

Hotter than the centre of an Apple Pie!!

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Cryogenic Forevacuum

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Intermediate Storage

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Impurity Processing

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Mechanical Forevacuum

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Cryogenic Distillation

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Gas Chromatography

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Analytical Laboratory

H2 (D2)

Torus Basement

Torus Hall

Monitoring

Diagnostics

ML2ML1

The AGHS Process

Exhaust Detritiation

• Trained operators, operating instructions• Software interlocks and enables (handshakes between subsystems)• Hardwired interlocks – solid state, failsafe circuits

High pressure opens valve to expansion volumeHigh temperature isolates electrical supply to heaterHigh tritium isolates air to subsystem

Safety Systems

High tritium diverts exhaust to recovery system• Bursting disk venting to evacuated volume• Area tritium monitors• High ventilation flow with open floor to prevent stagnant zones and ensure gas

reaches area monitors quickly. Auto changeover if duty fan fails. 40,000m3/h• Auxiliary ventilation system triples flow to flush building. 120,000m3/h• Uninterruptible Power Supply gives two hours autonomy.• Diverse electrical supplies to plant services• Plant Emergency Shutdown• Restricted access to building

• ITER Design Prototype Cryopanel

• Closed loop pumping trials with 5g trititum

• Various impurities introduced to system

Development in AGHS

• Flake detritiation demonstration facility

Development in AGHS

• Recover tritium from carbon flakes

• High temperature oxidation of C and T2

• HTO captured in cold trap

• Water cracked over getter material

• Tritium captured in Pd bed

Questions

The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)

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Transcript of The JET Active Gas Handling System (AGHS)

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