Wholly turbulent flow

Laminarflow

Transition range

Smooth

0.050.04

0.03

0.040.04

0.010.0080.0060.004

0.002

0.0010.00080.00060.0004

0.00020.0001

0.00005

0.00001

0.10.090.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.010.0090.008

103 104 105 106 107

2(103) 2(104) 2(105) 2(106) 2(107)4 46 68 8 4 6 8 4 6 8 4 6 8

ρVDµ

εDf

µ = ρυ ; D = 4Aρ = 4Rh

Re =

Graph by MIT OCW.