Post on 14-Jun-2015
description
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]mTmkq{XWw
aebmfw
^mØnam XmPp±o≥
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]mTmkq{XWw
A[ym]nIbpsS t]cv : ^mØnam XmPp±o≥
hnZymebØns‚ t]cv : Kh: F®v.Fkv. BcymSv.
hnjbw : aebmfw
GIIw : Xpº∏qhv
D]GIIw : k‘ybv°pam\Øv...... Xcn∏pXo¿∏q.
Ãm≥tU¿Uv : XI
kabw : 45 an\n‰vkv
XobXn :
BapJw:
{]]©ans∂mcp XdhmSmbn hcºpIƒ ImWmXmbn.... F∂ bqWn‰n¬ Dƒs∏´ncn°p∂ ]mT`mKamWv D≈qcns‚
Xpº∏q F∂ IhnX. am\h ]ptcmKXn°v hn`mKobXbv°XoXamb Iq´mbva thWsa∂ ImgvN∏mSv hnIkn∏n°m≥
klmbIbamb hn[ØnemWv D≈q¿ Xpº∏q F∂ IhnX hn`mh\w sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. Nß\mt»cnbnemWv D≈q¿ Fkv.
]ctaizcø≥ P\n®Xv (1877˛1949). tIcfh¿Ω {]ÿm\Øns‚ {]apJ h‡mhv Ae¶mc]q¿Whpw ]WvUntXmNnXhpamb
Imhy ssienbpsS DSa. efnX ssienbnep≈ _meIhnXIfpw DamtIcfw F∂ almImhyhpw \nch[n JWvUImhyßfpw
Ht´sd KthjW teJ\ßfpw D≈q¿ cNn®n´p≠v. A©phmeyßfn¬ cNn® tIcf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw {it≤bamWv.
I¿W`qjWw, ]nwKf, `‡n Zo]nI (JWvUImhy߃), IncWmhen, Xmclmcw, XcwKnWn, AarX[mc, Iev]imJn
(IhnXm kamlmc߃) XpSßnbh {][m\ IrXnIƒ.
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]mTm]{KY\w
`mjm]cw:
\qX\ ]Z߃
sNSn®, ]pIƒ, DZ{K]mWn
Bib]cw :
am\h]ptcmKXn°v hn`mKobXbv°XoXamb Iq´mbvathWsa∂ Imgv®∏mSv hnIkn∏n°m≥ klmbIamb
hn[ØnemWv D≈q¿ Xpº∏qhv F∂ IhnX hn`mh\w sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. kaXzw {]IrXn \nbaamsW∂v ImWn°m≥
a\pjysc ]q°fmbn \ncq]n°p∂ ]e IhnXIfpw aebmfØnep≠v. AØcØnsemcp IhnXbmWv D≈qcns‚ Xpº∏qhpw.
{]tXyI coXnbn¬ am{Xw temIsØ ImWm≥ ioen®htcmSmWv Cu IhnXbn¬ Ihn kwkmcn°p∂Xv.
kmlnXy]cw: D≈qcns‚ XcwKnWn F∂ IhnXm kamlmcØn¬ \ns∂SpØn´p≈XmWv Cu IhnX.
]mTy]≤Xn Dt±iy߃:
D≈qcns\bpw At±lØns‚ IrXnIsfbpw ]cnNbs∏SpI.
hn`mKobXbv°pw th¿XncnhpIƒ°pw AXoXambn kvt\lw, klIcWw F∂o at\m`mh߃ hf¿ØpI.
a\pjyXzamWv a\pjys‚ PmXnbpw aXhpsa∂v Xncn®dnbpI.
Ahiy]q¿Δ{]m]vXnIƒ
D≈qcns\°pdn®v tI´n´p≠v.
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D≈qcns‚ Nn{Xw I≠n´p≠v.
CXc IrXnIƒ ap≥ ¢m pIfn¬ ]Tn®n´p≠v.
Xpºs®Snbpw ]qhpw I≠n´p≠v.
PmXob AkaXz߃s°Xnsc t]mcmSnb IhnIsfbpw AhcpsS IrXnIfpw Adnbmw.
]Tt\m]IcW߃
D≈qcns‚ Nn{Xw
D≈qcns\bpw IrXnIsfbpw ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ Nm¿´v.
]Z]cnNbw FgpXnb Nm¿´v.
]Tt\mXv]∂߃
Ipdn∏v
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{]XnIcWw]T\ {]h¿Ø\߃
{]mcw`w
]mT`mKØntebv°v IS°p∂Xn\mbn A[ym]nI GXm\pw tNmZy߃
tNmZn°p∂p.
\n߃ HmWØn\v AØ∏q°fw CSmdpt≠m? (D≠v/C√)
GsXms° ]q°fmWv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv? (tdmkv, Acfn, Xpº, _¥n)
HmW∏q°fØnse G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ ]qthXmWv? (Xpº∏qhv)
]q°f a’cßfn¬ t]mepw Xpº∏qhn\mWv {]m[m\yw.
F¥mbncn°pw Xpº∏qhn\v C{X {]m[m\yw e`n°m\p≈ ImcWw?
A[ym]nI Xpº∏qhns\ Ipdn®p≈ Hcp IY AhXcn∏n°pI.
amthenbpw Xpº∏qhpw
HmWw h∂p. F√m∏q°fpw amthen a∂s\ hcth¬°m≥ Hcpßn \n∂p.
Hmtcm ]qhpw Xs‚ alXzw h¿Æn®psIm≠v Xm\mWv tIas\∂ ̀ mhØn¬ \n∂p.
amthen a∂s\ kzoIcn°m≥ ap∂n¬ \n¬°m\mbn Ah¿ Xn°nØnc°n. F∂m¬
]mhw Xpº∏q am{Xw CXnsem∂pw s]SmsX HXpßn \n∂p. amthen FØn.
F√m ]q°tfbpw \nco£n® amthen Xpº∏qhns\ FSpØv aq¿≤mhn¬ sh®p.
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Cu IYbn¬ \n∂pw Xpº∏qhns‚ {]m[m\yw F{XtØmfw Ds≠∂v a\ nembnt√?
Cu Xpºs®Snsb°pdn®mWv \mw ]Tn°m≥ t]mIp∂Xv.
]mTØns‚ t]cv: Xpº∏qhv (tNm°v t_m¿Uv)
Xpº∏q F∂ IhnX FgpXnbXv D≈qcmWv.
A≤ym]nI kμ¿t`mNnXambn IhnbpsS Nn{Xw ImWn°p∂p.
Ihnsb°pdns®gpXnb Nm¿´v ImWn°p∂p.
D≈q¿ Fkv. ]ctaizcø¿ (1877˛1949)
Nß\mt»cnbn¬ P\\w. tIcf h¿Ω {]ÿm\Øns‚ {]apJ h‡mhv.
Ae¶mc]q¿Whpw ]WvUntXmNnXhpamb ImhyssienbpsS DSa. efnX
ssienbnep≈ _meIhnXIfpw DamtIcfw F∂ almImhyhpw \nch[n JWvU
Imhyßfpw Ht´sd KthjW teJ\ßfpw D≈q¿ cNn®n´p≠v. A©v hmeyßfn¬
cNn® tIcf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw {it≤bamWv. IrXnIƒ : I¿Æ `qjWw, ]nwKf,
`‡nZo]nI (JWvUImhy߃), IncWmhen, Xmcmlmcw, XcwKnWn, AarX[mc,
Iev]imJn (IhnXm kamlmc߃.)
A[ym]nI Nm¿´v hmbn°p∂p. Ip´nIsfs°m≠v hmbn∏n°p∂p.
]mTmhXcWw (k‘ybv°v am\Øp.... Xcn∏p Xo¿∏p).
A≤ym]nI amXrIm]cambn IhnX sNm√p∂p.
Ip´nIsfs°m≠v {Kq∏mbn IhnX CuWØn¬ sNm√n°p∂p.
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A[ym]nI ]Zy`mKØns‚ Bibw Ip´nIƒ°v ]d™psImSp°p∂p.
{]tXyI coXnbn¬ am{Xw temIsØ t\m°n°mWm≥ ioen®htcmSmWv
Cu IhnXbn¬ Ihn kwkmcn°p∂Xv. IhnXbnse hywKym¿∞w Db¿∂ PmXnbn¬
s]´hsc am{Xw kaqlØn¬ Db¿Øn°m´msX Xmgv∂ PmXnbnep≈hsc°qSn
]cnKWn°Ww F∂mWv. AXnep]cn Ahcnse t{ijvT almXvayw Is≠Øm≥
{ian°Ww. kam[m\Øns‚ Nnlv\amb sh≈s°mSn Db¿Øn°m´p∂
Xpºs®Snsb ]dns®dnbpw t]mse Xmgv∂ PmXnsb Nhn´nsaXn°m≥ kaqlw
XømdmhcpXv F∂v Ihn ]dbp∂p. k‘ybv°v BImiØv hnScp∂ \£{X∏q°ƒ
am{Xw I≠paSpØ IÆnt\mS v Ihn°v ]dbm\p≈Xv H∂v Xmtgm´ v
t\m°Wsa∂mWv. Xmtgm´pt\m°nbm¬ Ffnb kmlNcyØn¬ Pohn°p∂
Xpº∏qhns\ ImWmw. Ah ]dºn¬ ]Is®mXpßn°gnbp∂p. taemfcpsS ho´n¬
Ibdm≥ A\phmZan√msX ]dºn¬ `qscamdn \n¬°p∂ A[:ÿnXcpsS
Nn{Xap≠nXn¬. XpºbpsS Io¿Øn°v ImcWw \t∂ sNdpXpw \£{X{]Imiap≈
AXnse ]q°fpsS shWvabmWv. kpK‘ans√-¶nepw hnip≤nbpsS Nnlv\amb
shfp∏v AXn\p≠v. Xpºsb ]cn]men®p hf¿Øp∂n√ F∂v am{Xa√ Ahsb
hens®dnbpIbpw sNøp∂p. kam[m\w Imw£n°p∂ Xpºsb hen®v am‰pIbmWv
a\pjy≥. AØcw {IqcX ImWn°p∂XneqsS a\pjy\n¬ c≠v X´p≠mhp∂p
F∂v ka¿∞n°pIbmWv Xpº∏qhneqsS D≈q¿.
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]Z]cnNbw
A≤ym]nI Ip´nItfmSv ]mT`mKsØ \qX\ ]ZßfpsS A¿∞w \nL≠pt\m°n
Is≠Øm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p.
sNSn® = aSpØ
]pIƒ = Io¿Øn
DZ{K]mWn = B{IaWImcn
{]h¿Ø\w ̨ 1
PmXn®ph´n¬÷etkItaIpw
P\ßfo∏qs®SnssIb\°n
hf¿ØnSp∂n√Xpt]ms´; Zqsc
hen®pam‰p∂Xpap≠p! IjvSw.
PmXn®ph´n¬ PetkItaIpI F∂ {]tbmKØn¬ Fs¥√mw A¿∞ßfmWv
Is≠Øm≥ Ignbp∂Xv?
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GsXmcp\√ IhnXbpw hm°ns‚ A¿∞]cXIƒ ka¿∞ambn
{]tbmP\s∏SpØpw. hmNym¿∞Øn\∏pdtØ°v hmb\°mcs\ \bn°m≥ CXn\v
Ignbpw. hcnIƒ°nSbneqsSbp≈ hmb\ Aßs\bp≠mhp∂XmWv. PmXn F∂
]ZsaSp°mw. Fs¥√mw A¿∞Xehpw BibXehpw B hm°n\ps≠∂v
t\m°mw.
PmXn F∂Xn\v ]n®Iw (]n®n) F∂mWnhnsS A¿∞w. hoSnt\mSv tN¿∂v
hf¿Øp∂ kpK‘ap≈ shfpØ ]q°fp≈ sNSnbmWnXv. PmXn°v tX°v,
PmXn]{Xn F∂o A¿∞߃ D≠v. kpK‘{ZhyØnsem∂mWXv. PmXn°v
PmXnhyhÿ F∂ as‰mcp A¿∞hpw FSp°mw. PmXn, Ipew XpSßnb ]Z߃
tIheambn ]dbptºmƒ Db¿∂ PmXn, Ipew XpSßnb ]Z߃ s]mXpsh
hnh£n°mdv . kpK‘ap≈ ]n®IsØ sh≈samgn®v hf¿Øp∂h¿
kpK‘an√mØ Xpº∏qhns\ ]cn]men°p∂n√. am{Xa√, hen®v am‰pIbpw
sNøp∂p. ]n®IØn\pw Xpºbv°pw ]e ImcyØnepw kmayap≠v. ]q°ƒ
shfp∏mWv. CeIfpsS BIrXn Hcpt]msebmWv. Db¿∂ PmXnsb ]cn]men®v
hf¿Øp∂h¿ Xs∂bmWv A[:ÿnXsc kaqlØn¬ \n∂pw C√mXm°p∂Xpw.
]gb ImesØ AbnØmNmcWØns‚ kqN\ IqSn CXnep≠v.
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]p\chtemI\w
D≈qcns‚ GsX¶nepw c≠v IrXnIfpsS t]cv ]dbpI.
Xpº∏qhnse Ihn F¥ns‚ {]XoIambmWv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv?
GXv A\mNmcsØ FXn¿ØpsIm≠mWv Ihn Cu IhnX FgpXnbncn°p∂Xv?
XpS¿ {]h¿Ø\w
Xpº∏qhv F∂ IhnXbn¬ kmaqlnI {]m[m\yap≈ hensbmcmibamWv
Ihn apt∂m´v sh°p∂Xv. Xmsg sImSpØncn°p∂ kqN\Iƒ IqSn ]cnKWn®v
IhnXbv°v HcmkzmZ\w Xømdm°pI.
PmXn®ph´n¬ PetkItaIpI.
Zqsc hen®pam‰pI.
{LmtW{μnbmcma¿ a\pjy≥