Post on 12-May-2022
David van Everdingen and Darren David Waterline Resources Inc.
April 11, 2013
Water Technologies Symposium 2013
1
Conceptual Hydrogeological Model Hydrology Surficial and Bedrock
Geology Aquifers and Conceptual
Model Water Diversion and Use Groundwater Budget Water Quality Assessment
Knowledge and Data Gaps
2
Presentation Outline
ESRD Water Well Information Database Records
Water well records in watershed = 2,164
3
How many live in the watershed?
District 1996 2006 %Δ
Claresholm
3,427
3,700 +8
Granum 337 415 +23
MD 26 5,106 5,337 +5
MD 66 108 86 -20
Type Population
Urban 8,737
Rural 5,665
4
Land Cover (in 2000) 5
Topography 6
Precipitation 7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Tota
l Pre
cip
itat
ion
(m
m)
Date (YYYY)
Total Precipitation by Year- Claresholm
Precipitation Claresholm (mm)
Annual Moving Average
Where Precipitation Northern 500-550 mm/yr
Prairie section
450-480 mm/yr
Willow Creek monitoring
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Disc
harg
e (m
^3/s
)
Month
Gauging Station 05AB028Willow Creek above Chain Lakes
Min
Max
Average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Disc
harg
e (m
^3/s
)
Month
Gauging Station 05AB021Willow Creek Near Claresholm
Min
Max
Average
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Disc
harg
e (m
^3/s
)
Month
Gauging Station 05AB002Willow creek Near Nolan
Min
Max
Average
Data: 1965-1995
Data: 1965-1995
Data: 1965-1995
Source: AMEC, 2010
Bedrock Geology
9
SERIESSOUTH CENTRALMOUNTAINSAND
FOOTHILLSSOUTHERN PLAINS
ER
AC
EN
OZ
OIC
ME
SO
ZO
ICPA
LE
OZ
OIC
TE
RT
IAR
YC
RE
TAC
EO
US
JUR
AS
SIC
TR
IAS
SIC
MIS
SIS
SIP
PIA
ND
EV
ON
IAN
CA
MB
RIA
N
PRECAMBRIAN PRECAMBRIAN PRECAMBRIAN
SILURIAN
PENNSYLVANIAN
PERMIAN
PE
RIO
DQ
UA
TE
R-
NA
RY
ALB
ER
TAG
RO
UP
CO
LOR
AD
OG
RO
UP
MA
NN
VIL
LEG
RO
UP
UP
PE
RLO
WE
R
WA
PIA
BI
BLA
CK
ST
ON
E
BR
AZ
EA
U
PORCUPINEHILLS
PORCUPINEHILLS
PASKAPOO
WILLOW CREEK WILLOW CREEK
ST. MARY RIVER ST. MARY RIVER
RAVENSCRAG
CYPRESS HILLS
FRENCHMANBATTLE
WHITEMUDEAST END
BEARPAW BEARPAW
OLDMAN
FOREMOST
COLORADO SHALE
SECONDWHITE SPECKLED SHALE
2nd WHITESPECKLED
SANDSTONE
BARONS
BASAL COLORADOBOW ISLAND
UPPERMANNVILLE
GLAUCONITICOSTRACODSUNBURST
TABER CUTBANK
DETRITAL
SWIFT
RIERDON
SAWTOOTH
MT. HEADTURNER VALLEY
UPPERMIDDLE
ELKTON
SHUNDA
PEKISKO
BANFF
EXSHAW BAKKEN
BIG VALLEY
STETTLER
CROWFOOT
NISKU
IRETON
LEDUC
COOKING LAKE
BEAVERHILLLAKE
ELK POINT
UPPER LYNXSULLIVAN
PIKAELDON
STEPHENCATHEDRAL
MT. WHYTE BASAL SANDSTONE
SWANHILLS
MILDRED
CROSSFIELD
WA
BA
MU
N
LIVINGSTONE
RU
ND
LEG
RO
UP
ELL
ISG
RO
UP
FISH SCALES
PAKOWKIMILK RIVER
FIRST WHITE SPECKLED SHALE
BLOOD RESERVE BLOOD RESERVE
BELLY RIVER
CHUNGO
CARDIUM CARDIUM
MEDICINE HAT
BE
LLY
RIV
ER
JUMPING POUND
CROWSNEST VOLC.
EXSHAWAREA
WINDSOR MNT.
ELKOGORDON
FLATHEAD
WATERTONAREA
MILL CREEK
BEAVER MINES
HOME
CADOMIN
ELK
MIST MOUNTAIN
MORRISSEY
PASSAGE BEDS
GREEN BEDS
ROCK CREEK
NORDEGG
WHITEHORSE
SULPHURMOUNTAIN
RANGER CANYON
JOHNSTON CANYON
KANANASKIS
POKER CHIP SHALE
HIGHWOOD SHALEGREY BEDS
GLADSTONECALCAREOUS MBR.B
LAIR
MO
RE
GR
OU
PK
OO
TE
NA
YG
RO
UP
FE
RN
IEG
RO
UP
SP
RA
YR
IVE
RG
RO
UP
ISH
BE
LG
RO
UP
SP
RA
YLA
KE
SU
PP
ER
LOW
ER
BE
AV
ER
MIN
ES
LAURENTIDE DRIFTLAURENTIDEAND CORDILLERANDRIFT
ETHERINGTON
MOUNT HEAD
SHUNDA (BLACK LIME)
TUNNELMTN
TOBERMORYSTORELKTYRWHITT
PEKISKO
LIVINGSTONEUPPER
MIDDLE
LOWER ELKTONTUR
NE
RVA
LLE
Y
BANFF
EXSHAW
COSTIGAN
MORRO
ALEXO
PALLISER
ARCS
GROTTO
PEECHEE
SOUTHESK(WHITE REEF)
CAIRN(BLACK REEF)
YAHATINDAFLUME
FAIR
HO
LME
GR
OU
PR
UN
DLE
GR
OU
P
MIDDLE
MIDDLE
LATE
UPPER
LOWER
UPPER
EARLY
MIDDLE
MIDDLE
LOWER
UPPER
LOWER
UPPER
LOWER
UPPER
LATE
EARLY
LATE
EARLY
LATE
EARLY
LATE
LOWER
UPPER
LATE
EARLY
ORDOVICIAN
FORMATIONSCORRELATION TO MAPS ANDCROSS-SECTIONS IN REPORT
UNCONSOLIDATEDAQUIFER
PORCUPINE HILLS
BRAZEAU
ALBERTA GROUP
LOWER CRETACEOUSLOWER MESOZOIC
UPPER PALEOZOIC
WILLOW CREEK
UPPER LYNXSULLIVAN
PIKAELDON
STEPHENCATHEDRALMOUNT WHYTE
GOG
ARCTOMYS
ST. MARY RIVERBEARPAWBELLY RIVER
Unconsolidated and Bedrock Water Well Records
10
Lithology at Screen #
Unconsolidated 161
Unconsol./Bedrock 40
Bedrock 679
No lithology 1,284
Well Test Yield and Aquifer
Yield
11
Formation Apparent Transmissivity # Values
Unconsolidated 84.6 56
Porcupine Hills 14.3 115
Willow Creek 5.3 409
St. Mary River 3.6 11
Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients 12
Wells greater than 100 m deep
Wells between 75 and 100 m deep
Wells between 50 and 75 m deep
Wells between 25 and 50 m deep
Wells between 0 and 25 m deep
Water level elevation in m above sea levelContour interval = 50 metresGrey Arrows = groundwater gradient directionRed circles show well record locationsPurple line is watershed boundaryBounding line is 10 km buffer outside watershed boundary
0 10 20 30 40 50km
Springs in the Watershed 13
Depth to Bedrock (mBG) 14
Water Well Records in the Buried Pre-Glacial Valleys
15
Wells in Pre-Glacial Valley
#
Unconsolidated 56
Bedrock 94
No lithology 187
Water Well Records in Willow Creek Alluvial Aquifer
16
Wells in Alluvial Aquifer
#
Unconsolidated 65
Bedrock 63
No lithology 180
Cross-Section Locations 17
Cross-Section A-A’ 18
Cross-Section B-B’ 19
1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
Vert
ical
Scal
e (m
etre
s ab
ove
sea
leve
l)
0 (m) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 1040
1060
1080
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
Shale
Feb2002
Jun1998
Sep1989
Sep1982
Sep 2002 Mar 1985
May 1976
Jun 2002
May 1985
Jun 1985
Nov 1979
Jul1989
Sep1999
Jun1988
2993
3129
9331
1162
65
1162
61
1162
69
4144
7
1408
69
1158
3914
0793
4061
5
1407
91
1407
89
1407
87
1407
6614
0765
2929
20
1407
67
1408
68 (
Spr
ing,
no
flow
dat
a)
1407
90 (
Spr
ing,
TD
S=
524
mg/
L,
no f
low
dat
a)
41 L/min
7 L/min
118 L/min
7 L/min
68 L/min
55 L/min
86 L/min
5 L/min
45 L/min
23 L/min
136 L/min
36 L/min
9 L/min
36 L/min
45 L/min
11 L/min
Axis of AlbertaSyncline
Bedrock Aquifer
Bedrock Aquitard
Unconsolidated Aquitard
B(Northwest)
B'(Southeast)
Estimated formation boundary
Bedrock Surface
Ground Surface
Water well, spring(from AENV database)
Legend
References: Dwyer, 1992, Stockmal et al., 2001 Hamilton et al., 2004 IHS Accumap formation-top picks (2011) AENV water well record data (2011)
0496089Syncline (vertical axis)
27 L/minTest pumping rate (L/min)
Groundwater Flow Direction, Recharge
SST - SandstoneSH - Shalebr - Brown, gr - Gray
Slt - SiltSnd - SandCl - ClayGr - Gravel
Lithology - abbreviations
Vertical Exaggeration: 40:10496089
Section Location Map
Well locations are to thenearest quarter section and thismay not be exactly where shown.Data displayed have not beenverified byWaterline.
Water wellScreeninterval
Water level atbase of triangle
Borehole
Mar 1990
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Stavely
¬«2
Pine CreekOxley Creek
Willow Creek
Ü
0 2 4 61Kilometres
Porcupine Hills Formation
Willow Creek Formation
Porcupine Hills, UpperFormation
B
B'
?
Willow Creek
Aquifer(s)
Shale
Sandstone
Porcupine HillsFormation Aquitard
Porcupine HillsUpper
Porcupine HillsFormation Aquifer(s)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
ClSH & SSTSH
SST
SST
SH & SSTSHSH & SSTSH
SH & SST
SH
SSTSHSST
SH & SST
SST
ClSST & SHSSTSH
SSTSH & SST
SST
SH & SST
SH & SST
SSTSHSST & SHSSTSH & SST
ClSST
ClSST
SST & SH
SH & SST
ClSSTSSTSH
SST
SST
SSTSSTSH
Cl & GrSH
SH
ClSSTSSTSH & SST
ClSHSHSHSST
Shale
SST
ClSnd & GrSSTSST
SST
SST
SSTSST
ClGr
Cl
SH
SHSST
Cl & GrCl & GrSST
SH
SST
ClSST
SHSST
SST
SH & SST
Cl
SST
Cl & Gr
SSTSH
Cl & GrCl & Snd
SH
SH
SH
SH & SST
SH
Cross-Section C-C’ 20
C(Southwest)
C'(Northeast)
Estimated formation boundary
Bedrock Surface
Ground Surface
Water well (AENV database)
Legend
Vertical Exaggeration: 40:1
References: Dwyer, 1992, Stockmal et al., 2001 Hamilton et al., 2004 IHS Accumap formation-top picks (2011) AENV water well record data (2011)
27 L/minTest pumping rate (L/min)
Groundwater Flow Direction, Recharge
SST - SandstoneSH - Shalebr - Brown, gr - Gray
Slt - SiltSnd - SandCl - ClayGr - Gravel
Lithology - abbreviations
Bedrock AquiferAlluvial Aquifer
Bedrock AquitardUnconsolidatedAquitard
0496089 0496089
Water wellScreeninterval
Water Level(base of triangle)
Borehole
Mar 1990
Sep 1989
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#*
#*
#*
#*#*
#*
#*
#*
¬« 2
T:11 R:27 T:11 R:26T:11 R:28
T:10 R:27T:10 R:28
T:10 R:26
T:12 R:27 T:12 R:26T:12 R:28
Meadow C
reek
Ü
0 1 2 30.5Kilometres
Source:Alberta EnvironmentWater WellRecord database (July 2011); Shetsen, 2004
Well locations are to the nearestquarter section and this may not beexactly where shown. Data displayedhave not been verified byWaterline.
Section Location Map
Willow CreekFormation
PorcupineHillsFormation
AlluvialAquifer
C
C’
Granum
WillowCreek
TroutCreek
940
945
950
955
960
965
970
975
980
985
990
995
1000
1005
1010
Vert
ical
Scal
e (m
etre
s ab
ove
sea
leve
l)
0 (m) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
935
940
945
950
955
960
965
970
975
980
985
990
995
1000
1005
1010
935
ClSnd & Gr
SH
Cl
SST - br
SST -gr
SST - br
SST -gr
SH
Snd
Cl
SH & SST
SST
SH & SST
Cl
Cl & Gr
SH
SH & SST
Slt
Snd & GrSH
Cl
Snd
GrSH
SH
SH
Slt
Cl
Cl
SH
SSTSST
SST
SST
SST
Snd
Cl
Cl
SH
SST
SH
SST
SH
2242
8222
4282
2977
43 1500
38
2429
93
2939
21
2868
58
2963
62
2243
86
Jul 1985
Mar 1990
Nov 1994
Apr 2000
May 1997
27 L/min
Willow Creek FormationConfined Aquifer(s)
Clay (Till)
Sand and GravelWillow Creek UnconfinedAlluvial Aquifer
WillowCreek
Shale & Sandstone
Sandstone
Shale
9 L/min
18 L/min136 L/min
14 L/min
45 L/min
Shale
Shale
Sandstone
Willow Creek Formation Aquitard
Willow Creek Formation Aquitard
Semi-confined ?
Cross-Section D-D’ 21
D(Southwest)
D'(Northeast)
Estimated formation boundary
Bedrock Surface
Ground Surface
Water well (AENV database,Omni-McCann well)
Legend
References: Dwyer, 1992, Stockmal et al., 2001 Hamilton et al., 2004 IHS Accumap formation-top picks (2011) AENV water well record data (2011)
27 L/minTest pumping rate (L/min)
Groundwater Flow Direction, Recharge
SST - SandstoneSH - Shalebr - Brown, gr - Gray
Slt - SiltSnd - SandCl - ClayGr - Gravel
Lithology - abbreviations
Bedrock AquiferAlluvial Aquifer
Bedrock AquitardUnconsolidatedAquitard
0496089
Well locations are to the nearestquarter section and this may not beexactly where shown. Data displayedhave not been verified byWaterline.
Water wellScreeninterval
Water Level(base of triangle)
Borehole
Mar 1990
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1055
1060
1065
1070
Vert
ical
Scal
e (m
etre
s ab
ove
sea
leve
l)
0 (m) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
1000
1005
1010
1015
1020
1025
1030
1035
1040
1045
1050
1055
1060
1065
1070
52 L/min
52 L/min
C
B
A
2881
6228
8162
2905
35
2881
64
1581
01
99-4
2C96
-42A
/B
96-42A/B
Pre-reservoirwater level 1996
Post-reservoirwater levelJan 2007
Onset of leakageat 1035 masl
Pre-reservoirwater level 1991
Pre-reservoirwater level
1997
299320Apr 2002
290535Sep 1997
Reservoir level1051.3 masl(Jan 2007)First filled 1998
Vertical Exaggeration: 40:1
Location ofControlWell B
SH & SST
Snd & Gr
Cl & Gr
SST
SH & SST
SH
SH & SST
SH
Till
Till
Cl
SH
Till
Till
Sand
Till
Gr
Till
TillSand
SHSH
ClSndCl
Snd
Cl
Cl & GrSndGrCl
Till
Till
Snd
Till
GrSH
SST
Willow Creek Formation Aquitard
Stavely Buried Valley Aquifer
Clay (Till)
Gravel & Sand
??
?
??? ?
? ?? ?
Section Location Map
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¬« 2
T:13 R:28
T:14 R:28
T:13 R:27
T:14 R:27
T:13 R:29
T:14 R:29
Ü
0 1 2 30.5Kilometres
Source:Alberta EnvironmentWater WellRecord database (July 2011); Shetsen, 2004
Stavely
PorcupineHillsFormation
WillowCreekFormation
D D’
WillowCreek
WatershedBoundary
Stavely ValleyThalweg
PineCouleeReservoir
GOWN Wells 22
922
924
926
928
930
932
934
Jan-1977Jan-1982Jan-1987Jan-1992Jan-1997Jan-2002Jan-2007
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Date (mmm-yyyy)
Well 111 - Orton
Well 112 - Mud Lake
1015
1017
1019
1021
1023
1025
1027
Jan-1977Jan-1982Jan-1987Jan-1992Jan-1997Jan-2002Jan-2007
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Date (mmm-yyyy)
Well 210 - STAVELY 85-4
Well 209 - STAVELY 85-1
Hutterite Colony Well
23 Source: Omni McCann, 2008
Stavely Town Well
Surface Water Most common use = irrigation Most in eastern portion of watershed – agriculture Total allocated = 550,187,486 m3/yr
Groundwater Most common use = agriculture then municipal Most likely from Alluvial aquifer and Willow Creek
formation Total allocated = 2,227,908 m3/yr
24
Water Diversion
Crude Groundwater Budget
Input – precipitation assumed recharge (5-15%) 54 to 150x106 m3/yr
Licensed water use 2.2x106 m3/yr
Domestic use 2.7x106 m3/yr 3-9% of recharge is used
Crude Groundwater Budget: precipitation assumed recharge (5-15%) and water use indicates 3-9% of recharge is used;
Surface water balance model is needed for the entire watershed in order
to further assess aquifer recharge and use;
Insufficient data to integrate groundwater and surface water (except alluvial aquifer). Surface water suspected to play major role in aquifer recharge in mid to upper reaches of the watershed. Extreme western part of the watershed groundwater appears to flow to the west;
Buried valley aquifers, and bedrock aquifers disconnected from surface (except Stavely Aquifer); and
Confined aquifers may be managed separately if individual water
balances are being tracked over one year periods.
26
High-Level Water Balance Analysis
Springs TDS range 250-1,078 mg/L
low TDS = local high TDS = regional source or Laurentide glacial till
Porcupine Hills Fm – Ca+Mg/HCO3 Willow Creek Fm – Na/HCO3
Groundwater Transforms from Ca+Mg/HCO3 in Foothills/Mountains
(Brazeau Fm and Alberta Group aquifer(s)) To Na/SO4 or Na/SO4 & HCO3 mixed in plains
27
Groundwater Geochemistry
Total Dissolved Solids 28
Water Well ID’s, GPS Locations and Tagging;
Reconciliation of Approvals and Water Wells;
Capturing Landowner Water Level and Quality Data;
Chemical Analyses by Local Health Units (helps to further refine hydrochemistry and assess possible contamination sources);
Need for Groundwater Monitoring – increase accuracy of conceptual model as it relates to recharge and GW-SW interaction;
Refine the elements of the Water budget and surface water balance (including groundwater-surface water interactions); and
Promoting Groundwater Stewardship
29
Data & Knowledge Gaps
30
Willow Creek Watershed