David van Everdingen and Darren David Waterline Resources Inc.

April 11, 2013

Water Technologies Symposium 2013

1

Conceptual Hydrogeological Model Hydrology Surficial and Bedrock

Geology Aquifers and Conceptual

Model Water Diversion and Use Groundwater Budget Water Quality Assessment

Knowledge and Data Gaps

2

Presentation Outline

ESRD Water Well Information Database Records

Water well records in watershed = 2,164

3

How many live in the watershed?

District 1996 2006 %Δ

Claresholm

3,427

3,700 +8

Granum 337 415 +23

MD 26 5,106 5,337 +5

MD 66 108 86 -20

Type Population

Urban 8,737

Rural 5,665

4

Land Cover (in 2000) 5

Topography 6

Precipitation 7

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Tota

l Pre

cip

itat

ion

(m

m)

Date (YYYY)

Total Precipitation by Year- Claresholm

Precipitation Claresholm (mm)

Annual Moving Average

Where Precipitation Northern 500-550 mm/yr

Prairie section

450-480 mm/yr

Willow Creek monitoring

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Disc

harg

e (m

^3/s

)

Month

Gauging Station 05AB028Willow Creek above Chain Lakes

Min

Max

Average

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Disc

harg

e (m

^3/s

)

Month

Gauging Station 05AB021Willow Creek Near Claresholm

Min

Max

Average

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Disc

harg

e (m

^3/s

)

Month

Gauging Station 05AB002Willow creek Near Nolan

Min

Max

Average

Data: 1965-1995

Data: 1965-1995

Data: 1965-1995

Source: AMEC, 2010

Bedrock Geology

9

SERIESSOUTH CENTRALMOUNTAINSAND

FOOTHILLSSOUTHERN PLAINS

ER

AC

EN

OZ

OIC

ME

SO

ZO

ICPA

LE

OZ

OIC

TE

RT

IAR

YC

RE

TAC

EO

US

JUR

AS

SIC

TR

IAS

SIC

MIS

SIS

SIP

PIA

ND

EV

ON

IAN

CA

MB

RIA

N

PRECAMBRIAN PRECAMBRIAN PRECAMBRIAN

SILURIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

PERMIAN

PE

RIO

DQ

UA

TE

R-

NA

RY

ALB

ER

TAG

RO

UP

CO

LOR

AD

OG

RO

UP

MA

NN

VIL

LEG

RO

UP

UP

PE

RLO

WE

R

WA

PIA

BI

BLA

CK

ST

ON

E

BR

AZ

EA

U

PORCUPINEHILLS

PORCUPINEHILLS

PASKAPOO

WILLOW CREEK WILLOW CREEK

ST. MARY RIVER ST. MARY RIVER

RAVENSCRAG

CYPRESS HILLS

FRENCHMANBATTLE

WHITEMUDEAST END

BEARPAW BEARPAW

OLDMAN

FOREMOST

COLORADO SHALE

SECONDWHITE SPECKLED SHALE

2nd WHITESPECKLED

SANDSTONE

BARONS

BASAL COLORADOBOW ISLAND

UPPERMANNVILLE

GLAUCONITICOSTRACODSUNBURST

TABER CUTBANK

DETRITAL

SWIFT

RIERDON

SAWTOOTH

MT. HEADTURNER VALLEY

UPPERMIDDLE

ELKTON

SHUNDA

PEKISKO

BANFF

EXSHAW BAKKEN

BIG VALLEY

STETTLER

CROWFOOT

NISKU

IRETON

LEDUC

COOKING LAKE

BEAVERHILLLAKE

ELK POINT

UPPER LYNXSULLIVAN

PIKAELDON

STEPHENCATHEDRAL

MT. WHYTE BASAL SANDSTONE

SWANHILLS

MILDRED

CROSSFIELD

WA

BA

MU

N

LIVINGSTONE

RU

ND

LEG

RO

UP

ELL

ISG

RO

UP

FISH SCALES

PAKOWKIMILK RIVER

FIRST WHITE SPECKLED SHALE

BLOOD RESERVE BLOOD RESERVE

BELLY RIVER

CHUNGO

CARDIUM CARDIUM

MEDICINE HAT

BE

LLY

RIV

ER

JUMPING POUND

CROWSNEST VOLC.

EXSHAWAREA

WINDSOR MNT.

ELKOGORDON

FLATHEAD

WATERTONAREA

MILL CREEK

BEAVER MINES

HOME

CADOMIN

ELK

MIST MOUNTAIN

MORRISSEY

PASSAGE BEDS

GREEN BEDS

ROCK CREEK

NORDEGG

WHITEHORSE

SULPHURMOUNTAIN

RANGER CANYON

JOHNSTON CANYON

KANANASKIS

POKER CHIP SHALE

HIGHWOOD SHALEGREY BEDS

GLADSTONECALCAREOUS MBR.B

LAIR

MO

RE

GR

OU

PK

OO

TE

NA

YG

RO

UP

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RN

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RO

UP

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RA

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IVE

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RO

UP

ISH

BE

LG

RO

UP

SP

RA

YLA

KE

SU

PP

ER

LOW

ER

BE

AV

ER

MIN

ES

LAURENTIDE DRIFTLAURENTIDEAND CORDILLERANDRIFT

ETHERINGTON

MOUNT HEAD

SHUNDA (BLACK LIME)

TUNNELMTN

TOBERMORYSTORELKTYRWHITT

PEKISKO

LIVINGSTONEUPPER

MIDDLE

LOWER ELKTONTUR

NE

RVA

LLE

Y

BANFF

EXSHAW

COSTIGAN

MORRO

ALEXO

PALLISER

ARCS

GROTTO

PEECHEE

SOUTHESK(WHITE REEF)

CAIRN(BLACK REEF)

YAHATINDAFLUME

FAIR

HO

LME

GR

OU

PR

UN

DLE

GR

OU

P

MIDDLE

MIDDLE

LATE

UPPER

LOWER

UPPER

EARLY

MIDDLE

MIDDLE

LOWER

UPPER

LOWER

UPPER

LOWER

UPPER

LATE

EARLY

LATE

EARLY

LATE

EARLY

LATE

LOWER

UPPER

LATE

EARLY

ORDOVICIAN

FORMATIONSCORRELATION TO MAPS ANDCROSS-SECTIONS IN REPORT

UNCONSOLIDATEDAQUIFER

PORCUPINE HILLS

BRAZEAU

ALBERTA GROUP

LOWER CRETACEOUSLOWER MESOZOIC

UPPER PALEOZOIC

WILLOW CREEK

UPPER LYNXSULLIVAN

PIKAELDON

STEPHENCATHEDRALMOUNT WHYTE

GOG

ARCTOMYS

ST. MARY RIVERBEARPAWBELLY RIVER

Unconsolidated and Bedrock Water Well Records

10

Lithology at Screen #

Unconsolidated 161

Unconsol./Bedrock 40

Bedrock 679

No lithology 1,284

Well Test Yield and Aquifer

Yield

11

Formation Apparent Transmissivity # Values

Unconsolidated 84.6 56

Porcupine Hills 14.3 115

Willow Creek 5.3 409

St. Mary River 3.6 11

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients 12

Wells greater than 100 m deep

Wells between 75 and 100 m deep

Wells between 50 and 75 m deep

Wells between 25 and 50 m deep

Wells between 0 and 25 m deep

Water level elevation in m above sea levelContour interval = 50 metresGrey Arrows = groundwater gradient directionRed circles show well record locationsPurple line is watershed boundaryBounding line is 10 km buffer outside watershed boundary

0 10 20 30 40 50km

Springs in the Watershed 13

Depth to Bedrock (mBG) 14

Water Well Records in the Buried Pre-Glacial Valleys

15

Wells in Pre-Glacial Valley

#

Unconsolidated 56

Bedrock 94

No lithology 187

Water Well Records in Willow Creek Alluvial Aquifer

16

Wells in Alluvial Aquifer

#

Unconsolidated 65

Bedrock 63

No lithology 180

Cross-Section Locations 17

Cross-Section A-A’ 18

Cross-Section B-B’ 19

1040

1060

1080

1100

1120

1140

1160

1180

1200

1220

1240

1260

1280

1300

1320

1340

1360

1380

Vert

ical

Scal

e (m

etre

s ab

ove

sea

leve

l)

0 (m) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 1040

1060

1080

1100

1120

1140

1160

1180

1200

1220

1240

1260

1280

1300

1320

1340

1360

1380

Shale

Feb2002

Jun1998

Sep1989

Sep1982

Sep 2002 Mar 1985

May 1976

Jun 2002

May 1985

Jun 1985

Nov 1979

Jul1989

Sep1999

Jun1988

2993

3129

9331

1162

65

1162

61

1162

69

4144

7

1408

69

1158

3914

0793

4061

5

1407

91

1407

89

1407

87

1407

6614

0765

2929

20

1407

67

1408

68 (

Spr

ing,

no

flow

dat

a)

1407

90 (

Spr

ing,

TD

S=

524

mg/

L,

no f

low

dat

a)

41 L/min

7 L/min

118 L/min

7 L/min

68 L/min

55 L/min

86 L/min

5 L/min

45 L/min

23 L/min

136 L/min

36 L/min

9 L/min

36 L/min

45 L/min

11 L/min

Axis of AlbertaSyncline

Bedrock Aquifer

Bedrock Aquitard

Unconsolidated Aquitard

B(Northwest)

B'(Southeast)

Estimated formation boundary

Bedrock Surface

Ground Surface

Water well, spring(from AENV database)

Legend

References: Dwyer, 1992, Stockmal et al., 2001 Hamilton et al., 2004 IHS Accumap formation-top picks (2011) AENV water well record data (2011)

0496089Syncline (vertical axis)

27 L/minTest pumping rate (L/min)

Groundwater Flow Direction, Recharge

SST - SandstoneSH - Shalebr - Brown, gr - Gray

Slt - SiltSnd - SandCl - ClayGr - Gravel

Lithology - abbreviations

Vertical Exaggeration: 40:10496089

Section Location Map

Well locations are to thenearest quarter section and thismay not be exactly where shown.Data displayed have not beenverified byWaterline.

Water wellScreeninterval

Water level atbase of triangle

Borehole

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Stavely

¬«2

Pine CreekOxley Creek

Willow Creek

Ü

0 2 4 61Kilometres

Porcupine Hills Formation

Willow Creek Formation

Porcupine Hills, UpperFormation

B

B'

?

Willow Creek

Aquifer(s)

Shale

Sandstone

Porcupine HillsFormation Aquitard

Porcupine HillsUpper

Porcupine HillsFormation Aquifer(s)

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

ClSH & SSTSH

SST

SST

SH & SSTSHSH & SSTSH

SH & SST

SH

SSTSHSST

SH & SST

SST

ClSST & SHSSTSH

SSTSH & SST

SST

SH & SST

SH & SST

SSTSHSST & SHSSTSH & SST

ClSST

ClSST

SST & SH

SH & SST

ClSSTSSTSH

SST

SST

SSTSSTSH

Cl & GrSH

SH

ClSSTSSTSH & SST

ClSHSHSHSST

Shale

SST

ClSnd & GrSSTSST

SST

SST

SSTSST

ClGr

Cl

SH

SHSST

Cl & GrCl & GrSST

SH

SST

ClSST

SHSST

SST

SH & SST

Cl

SST

Cl & Gr

SSTSH

Cl & GrCl & Snd

SH

SH

SH

SH & SST

SH

Cross-Section C-C’ 20

C(Southwest)

C'(Northeast)

Estimated formation boundary

Bedrock Surface

Ground Surface

Water well (AENV database)

Legend

Vertical Exaggeration: 40:1

References: Dwyer, 1992, Stockmal et al., 2001 Hamilton et al., 2004 IHS Accumap formation-top picks (2011) AENV water well record data (2011)

27 L/minTest pumping rate (L/min)

Groundwater Flow Direction, Recharge

SST - SandstoneSH - Shalebr - Brown, gr - Gray

Slt - SiltSnd - SandCl - ClayGr - Gravel

Lithology - abbreviations

Bedrock AquiferAlluvial Aquifer

Bedrock AquitardUnconsolidatedAquitard

0496089 0496089

Water wellScreeninterval

Water Level(base of triangle)

Borehole

Mar 1990

Sep 1989

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#*

#*

#*

#*#*

#*

#*

#*

¬« 2

T:11 R:27 T:11 R:26T:11 R:28

T:10 R:27T:10 R:28

T:10 R:26

T:12 R:27 T:12 R:26T:12 R:28

Meadow C

reek

Ü

0 1 2 30.5Kilometres

Source:Alberta EnvironmentWater WellRecord database (July 2011); Shetsen, 2004

Well locations are to the nearestquarter section and this may not beexactly where shown. Data displayedhave not been verified byWaterline.

Section Location Map

Willow CreekFormation

PorcupineHillsFormation

AlluvialAquifer

C

C’

Granum

WillowCreek

TroutCreek

940

945

950

955

960

965

970

975

980

985

990

995

1000

1005

1010

Vert

ical

Scal

e (m

etre

s ab

ove

sea

leve

l)

0 (m) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000

935

940

945

950

955

960

965

970

975

980

985

990

995

1000

1005

1010

935

ClSnd & Gr

SH

Cl

SST - br

SST -gr

SST - br

SST -gr

SH

Snd

Cl

SH & SST

SST

SH & SST

Cl

Cl & Gr

SH

SH & SST

Slt

Snd & GrSH

Cl

Snd

GrSH

SH

SH

Slt

Cl

Cl

SH

SSTSST

SST

SST

SST

Snd

Cl

Cl

SH

SST

SH

SST

SH

2242

8222

4282

2977

43 1500

38

2429

93

2939

21

2868

58

2963

62

2243

86

Jul 1985

Mar 1990

Nov 1994

Apr 2000

May 1997

27 L/min

Willow Creek FormationConfined Aquifer(s)

Clay (Till)

Sand and GravelWillow Creek UnconfinedAlluvial Aquifer

WillowCreek

Shale & Sandstone

Sandstone

Shale

9 L/min

18 L/min136 L/min

14 L/min

45 L/min

Shale

Shale

Sandstone

Willow Creek Formation Aquitard

Willow Creek Formation Aquitard

Semi-confined ?

Cross-Section D-D’ 21

D(Southwest)

D'(Northeast)

Estimated formation boundary

Bedrock Surface

Ground Surface

Water well (AENV database,Omni-McCann well)

Legend

References: Dwyer, 1992, Stockmal et al., 2001 Hamilton et al., 2004 IHS Accumap formation-top picks (2011) AENV water well record data (2011)

27 L/minTest pumping rate (L/min)

Groundwater Flow Direction, Recharge

SST - SandstoneSH - Shalebr - Brown, gr - Gray

Slt - SiltSnd - SandCl - ClayGr - Gravel

Lithology - abbreviations

Bedrock AquiferAlluvial Aquifer

Bedrock AquitardUnconsolidatedAquitard

0496089

Well locations are to the nearestquarter section and this may not beexactly where shown. Data displayedhave not been verified byWaterline.

Water wellScreeninterval

Water Level(base of triangle)

Borehole

Mar 1990

1000

1005

1010

1015

1020

1025

1030

1035

1040

1045

1050

1055

1060

1065

1070

Vert

ical

Scal

e (m

etre

s ab

ove

sea

leve

l)

0 (m) 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000

1000

1005

1010

1015

1020

1025

1030

1035

1040

1045

1050

1055

1060

1065

1070

52 L/min

52 L/min

C

B

A

2881

6228

8162

2905

35

2881

64

1581

01

99-4

2C96

-42A

/B

96-42A/B

Pre-reservoirwater level 1996

Post-reservoirwater levelJan 2007

Onset of leakageat 1035 masl

Pre-reservoirwater level 1991

Pre-reservoirwater level

1997

299320Apr 2002

290535Sep 1997

Reservoir level1051.3 masl(Jan 2007)First filled 1998

Vertical Exaggeration: 40:1

Location ofControlWell B

SH & SST

Snd & Gr

Cl & Gr

SST

SH & SST

SH

SH & SST

SH

Till

Till

Cl

SH

Till

Till

Sand

Till

Gr

Till

TillSand

SHSH

ClSndCl

Snd

Cl

Cl & GrSndGrCl

Till

Till

Snd

Till

GrSH

SST

Willow Creek Formation Aquitard

Stavely Buried Valley Aquifer

Clay (Till)

Gravel & Sand

??

?

??? ?

? ?? ?

Section Location Map

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¬« 2

T:13 R:28

T:14 R:28

T:13 R:27

T:14 R:27

T:13 R:29

T:14 R:29

Ü

0 1 2 30.5Kilometres

Source:Alberta EnvironmentWater WellRecord database (July 2011); Shetsen, 2004

Stavely

PorcupineHillsFormation

WillowCreekFormation

D D’

WillowCreek

WatershedBoundary

Stavely ValleyThalweg

PineCouleeReservoir

GOWN Wells 22

922

924

926

928

930

932

934

Jan-1977Jan-1982Jan-1987Jan-1992Jan-1997Jan-2002Jan-2007

Wat

er L

evel

Ele

vati

on

(m

asl)

Date (mmm-yyyy)

Well 111 - Orton

Well 112 - Mud Lake

1015

1017

1019

1021

1023

1025

1027

Jan-1977Jan-1982Jan-1987Jan-1992Jan-1997Jan-2002Jan-2007

Wat

er L

evel

Ele

vati

on

(m

asl)

Date (mmm-yyyy)

Well 210 - STAVELY 85-4

Well 209 - STAVELY 85-1

Hutterite Colony Well

23 Source: Omni McCann, 2008

Stavely Town Well

Surface Water Most common use = irrigation Most in eastern portion of watershed – agriculture Total allocated = 550,187,486 m3/yr

Groundwater Most common use = agriculture then municipal Most likely from Alluvial aquifer and Willow Creek

formation Total allocated = 2,227,908 m3/yr

24

Water Diversion

Crude Groundwater Budget

Input – precipitation assumed recharge (5-15%) 54 to 150x106 m3/yr

Licensed water use 2.2x106 m3/yr

Domestic use 2.7x106 m3/yr 3-9% of recharge is used

Crude Groundwater Budget: precipitation assumed recharge (5-15%) and water use indicates 3-9% of recharge is used;

Surface water balance model is needed for the entire watershed in order

to further assess aquifer recharge and use;

Insufficient data to integrate groundwater and surface water (except alluvial aquifer). Surface water suspected to play major role in aquifer recharge in mid to upper reaches of the watershed. Extreme western part of the watershed groundwater appears to flow to the west;

Buried valley aquifers, and bedrock aquifers disconnected from surface (except Stavely Aquifer); and

Confined aquifers may be managed separately if individual water

balances are being tracked over one year periods.

26

High-Level Water Balance Analysis

Springs TDS range 250-1,078 mg/L

low TDS = local high TDS = regional source or Laurentide glacial till

Porcupine Hills Fm – Ca+Mg/HCO3 Willow Creek Fm – Na/HCO3

Groundwater Transforms from Ca+Mg/HCO3 in Foothills/Mountains

(Brazeau Fm and Alberta Group aquifer(s)) To Na/SO4 or Na/SO4 & HCO3 mixed in plains

27

Groundwater Geochemistry

Total Dissolved Solids 28

Water Well ID’s, GPS Locations and Tagging;

Reconciliation of Approvals and Water Wells;

Capturing Landowner Water Level and Quality Data;

Chemical Analyses by Local Health Units (helps to further refine hydrochemistry and assess possible contamination sources);

Need for Groundwater Monitoring – increase accuracy of conceptual model as it relates to recharge and GW-SW interaction;

Refine the elements of the Water budget and surface water balance (including groundwater-surface water interactions); and

Promoting Groundwater Stewardship

29

Data & Knowledge Gaps

30

Willow Creek Watershed