Post on 08-Jul-2020
Aplicaciones de las espectroscopías
IR y Raman
al Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural
Concepción DomingoInstituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
28006 Madrid, Spain
I
λ (nm)
E
?
Spectrum
Raman and IR Transitions
IR Absorptions
Raman
Energy Levels of CO2Energy Levels of CO2
667667
13351335
23502350
\\ \\
20,00020,000
Ene
rgy
Ene
rgy ,
, Dif
fere
nce
Dif
fere
nce
cmcm-- 11
ZeroZero PtPt IIRRIIRR
RamanRaman
?1?2
?3
Vibrations of CO2
No dipole change Dipole changeDipole change
IR and Raman Spectra of CO2IR and Raman Spectra of CO2
4000 2000 0Wavenumber (cm-1)
4000 2000 0
% T
rans
mis
sion Infrared
spectrum
Raman spectrum
Scat
teri
ngIn
tens
ity
Análisis de materiales para determinar:
- Producción y métodos (análisis)- Deterioro (cambios)-Conservación (asesorar)
“Scientific Examination of Art:Modern Techniques in Conservation and Analysis”
(Sackler NAS Colloquium), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11413
Objetos del Patrimonio
- Desde cañones sumergidos en el mar hasta miniaturas de marfil
- Piedra, papel, metal, textiles, vidrio, …
- Sustratos, Pigmentos, aglutinantes, conservantes, consolidantes, …
-
IR-spectra
Bone glue (from collagen)
Fish glue (gelatin)
Polyamide
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATESStarches (C6H10O5)n.
PROTEINS
OILSLinseed oil
Beeswax 70 % higher aliphatic esters, 13 % free wax acids 12% hydrocarbons
Turpentine C10H16, Turpentine is commonly used as a thinner or diluentfor oil paints and varnishes and as a raw material for the chemical industry
NATURAL RESINS
Colophony
Acrylate
SYNTHETIC RESINS
Latex
Ph. Colomban, M.-P. Etcheverry, M. Asquier, M. Bounichou, A. Tournié.« Raman Identification of Ancient StainedGlasses and their Degree of Deterioration »J. Raman Spectrosc. 37 (2006).
LA SAINTE CHAPELLE (PARIS)La revue de la céramique et du verre,148, 18-21(2006)
http://www.eu-artech.org/
MOLABMOBILE LABORATORY10 instruments are available- fibre-optics FTIR-micro Raman- fibre-optics UV fluorescence spectrometry - fibre-optics Vis-NIR spectrometry- scanning IR reflectometry- laser micro-profilometry- XRF- fluorescence spectrometry- NMR tomography- DRMS
Instituto do Arquivos Nacionais - TORRE DO TOMBO -
PortugalMay 06
Comparative characterisation of two medieval codex of the 12 th Century and
damage assesment of the parchment support
M13
MOLAB
Uni OVIEDO - Institute of Petrology - SpainApr 06
Analysis of polychromies and of the effects of consolidation in the stones of the facades of the Cathedral and Provincial Museum of
Huesca, Spain
M12
MOLAB
25th Ephorate of prehistoric and classical antiquities-
ATHENS - GreeceApr 06
In-situ identification of the penetration depth of consolidants on bioclastic limestones
through micro-drilling measurements
M11
MOLAB
Hamilton Kerr Institute, Uni of CAMBRIDGE - United
KingdomJan 06The Macclesfield Psalter & Metz Pontifical
M10
MOLAB
English Heritage - LONDON -United Kingdom
Jan 06Investigation of silver tarnish risk and remaining protection afforded by lacquers
M9
MOLAB
Courtauld Institute of Art, Department of Conservation and Technolgy LONDON -
United Kingdom
Dec 05Non-invasive analysis of materials from
paitings by Paul Cezanne in the CourtauldInstitute Gallery, London
M8
MOLAB
National Art Museum of Romania BUCHAREST -
RomaniaSept 05The Four Gospels Book from HumorM
7MOLAB
Institute of inorganic chemistry - Academy of Science of Czech
Republic-PRAGUEJune 05
Study of the painting technique of Johann Baptist Lampi, father and son, at the
Moravian Gallery in Brno
M6
MOLAB
Hermitage Museum - SAINT-PETERSBURG - Russia
May 05Scientific non-destructive examination of
Leonardo paintings in The Hermitage Museum
M5
MOLAB
Archaeologic Institute of Macedonia & Thrace -
THESSALONIKI - Greece
March-April 05
Investigation of the St. Euthymios chapel wall paintings at the Basilica of St. Demetrius
in Thessaloniki.
M4
MOLAB
National Gallery - LONDON -United Kingdom
March 05A technical study of Leonardo’s "Virgin of the
Rocks" and associated Leonardesquepaintings
M3
MOLAB
Victoria & Albert Museum -LONDON - United Kingdom
March 05Composition and structure of lustre
decorations on original Italian Renaissance lustreware
M2
MOLAB
Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie - BESANCON -
FranceJuly 04Examination of "Lamentation over the dead
Christ" by Agnolo BronzinoM1
MOLAB
Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya (MNAC) -
Restoration and Preventive Conservation Department
BARCELONA - Spain
Study of surface layers and other substances applied in the past on the Parianand Pentelic marbles of the Greek sculpture of Esculapio from Empúries (Girona): control
of cleaning methodologies
M21
MOLAB
Wallace Collection LONDON -United Kingdom
Study of the composition and structure of lustre decorations on original Italian
Renaissance lusterware at the Wallace Collection
M20
MOLAB
Gemeentemuseum DEN HAAG - The Netherlands
Art technological research toward the Victory Boogie Woogie (1942-1944) by Piet
Mondriaan
M19
MOLAB
Victoria and Albert Museum LONDON - United KingdomOct 06
Study of gemstones, metal alloys and enamels in historical jewellery at the Victoria
and Albert Museum, by non-destructive techniques
M18
MOLAB
Staatliche Kunstammlungen Dresden - Porzellansamlung
DRESDEN - GermanyJune 06Paint on early Meissen Stoneware
M17
MOLAB
Gemäldegalerie- Staatliche Museen zu BERLIN - Germany
June 06
A technical study of the paintings "Amorvincit omnia" by Caravaggio, "Portrait of a lady (Dorotea)" and "Reclining nude of a
woman in a landscape (Cerere)" by Sebastiano del Piombo
M16
MOLAB
Sopritendenza speciale per il polo museale di NAPOLI - ItalyMay 06Drawing and colour in designing a painting :
Polidoro artwork in Capodimonte
M15
MOLAB
Instituto Portugues de Concervaçao e Restauro -
LISBOA - PortugalMay 06Casas pintadas de Evora
M14
MOLAB
http://www.eu-artech.org/files/UserReportBurgio.pdfProject: Study of the composition and structure of lustre decorations onoriginal Italian Reinassance lustrewareUser Group Leader: Lucia BurgioLocation: Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom
http://www.eu-artech.org/files/UserReportStoulig.pdfProject: Study of the painting Lamentation on the dead Christ by Agnolo di Cosimo di Mariano, called Il Bronzino, 1545User Group Leader: Claire StouligLocation : Musée des Beaux Arts et de Archeologie, Besançon, France
FT-IR spectra collected on whitish and yellowish lacunas present in the lower part of the paintingshowed particular absorptions at 2135, 2235, 2304, 2378 cm-1 together with a band at 1207 cm-1 characterized by a reststrahlen shape. They have been compared with the reflectance spectrum of a typical protein, animal glue, presenting all the main features of this substances: amide I-1670 cm-1, carbonyl stretching vibration; amide II-1580cm-1, combination of CN and NH vibrations; amide III-1470 and 1406 cm-1, CH bending vibrations
MOLAB at the Musée des Beaux Arts et de Archeologie, Besançon, France
http://www.eu-artech.org/files/User%20Report%20MOLAB_Putna.pdfProject: Romanian illuminated medieval manuscripts – Scientific research on thematerials and techniquesUser Group Leader: Mihai Lupu,
National Art Museum of Romania , Bucharest, RomaniaLocation: Monastery of Putna, Suceava County, Romania
Research on the materials and techniques was carried out usingthe following MOLAB in-situ techniques: XRF, micro-Raman, fiber-optic Mid FT-IR and NIR
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Yeso
Carbono
Números de onda/cm-1
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
200 300 400
Bermellón
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Yeso
Carbono
Números de onda/cm-1
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
200 300 400
Bermellón
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda/cm-1Arqueta 2
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
**
*
Carbono
Cara frontalRojo Amarillo Negro
Fosfato (PO43-)
Oropimente (As2S3)
Bermellón (HgS)*
*
*
* **
**
*
*
**
*
* *
*
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.a
.)
Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
II
"Cal" (soporte)
I
I
II
Carbono
* Anhidrita (CaSO4)
*
*
*
Bermellón (HgS)
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.a
.)Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Corona CaraAzul Verde
Carbono *
**
Lateral con figuras: San Juan
Oropimente (As2S3)
**
***
*
Indigo (C16H10N2O2)
Blanco de plomo (2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2)IYeso (CaSO4.2H2O)I
"Cal"
Anhidrita (CaSO4)IBermellón (HgS)
**
*
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.a
.)
Números de onda/cm-1
1000 1100
0,1
I
I
II
400 800 1200 1600 2800 3200
Madera
LC
C
L
LC
L
C
C
C
C
L: LigninaC: Celulosa
L
L
L
L
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
* Yeso
Interior de la tapaFondo azul oscuro Estrellas amarillas
Oropimente (As2S3)
Indigo (C16H10N2O2)
"Cal"
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
**
*
Carbono
Cara frontalRojo Amarillo Negro
Fosfato (PO43-)
Oropimente (As2S3)
Bermellón (HgS)*
*
*
* **
**
*
*
**
*
* *
*
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.a
.)
Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
II
"Cal" (soporte)
I
I
II
Carbono
* Anhidrita (CaSO4)
*
*
*
Bermellón (HgS)
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.a
.)Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Corona CaraAzul Verde
Carbono *
**
Lateral con figuras: San Juan
Oropimente (As2S3)
**
***
*
Indigo (C16H10N2O2)
Blanco de plomo (2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2)IYeso (CaSO4.2H2O)I
"Cal"
Anhidrita (CaSO4)IBermellón (HgS)
**
*
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.a
.)
Números de onda/cm-1
1000 1100
0,1
I
I
II
400 800 1200 1600 2800 3200
Madera
LC
C
L
LC
L
C
C
C
C
L: LigninaC: Celulosa
L
L
L
L
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda/cm-1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
* Yeso
Interior de la tapaFondo azul oscuro Estrellas amarillas
Oropimente (As2S3)
Indigo (C16H10N2O2)
"Cal"
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda/cm-1
Arqueta 1
RESULTADOSDe los resultados de los análisis Raman y de los estudios estilísticos se concluye que la “Arqueta 1” perteneciente sin duda a finales del siglo XIV, presenta los pigmentos puros, utilizando una finísima capa de yeso como imprimación, mientras que el resto que estilísticamente pertenece a los últimos años del siglo XVII o principios del XVIII, ha utilizado diversos componentes de origen orgánico como puede ser el lienzo y el óleo y que incluso la pintura aplicada en toda ella, resulta ser anterior a 1900, ya que se advierten los mismos elementos, sin restauraciones pictóricas modernas.
La “Arqueta 2”, pese a las dificultades expuestas por el manejo físico, al presentar el mismo bermellón, nos permite fecharla antes de finales del siglo XIX, aunque como ya se ha dicho anteriormente el análisis estilístico y visual de los elementos imposibilita su adscripción al siglo XVI, en que estaba datada.
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Carbonatos "mixtos"
A-6
C-1b
P-3b
P-5P-3a
C-1a
*
*
****
* *
*
* Massicot
*
* Anglesite
*
*
* Laurionite
* *
* Hydrocerrusite
*
* Litharge
* *
* Carbon
**
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
Números de onda /cm-1200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Inte
nsid
ad R
aman
(u.
a.)
**
* Calcita* Cerrusite
A-4b
A-8a
A-8b
*
* Hydrocerrusite
**
***
* Laurionite* Phosgenite
*
*
*
Números de onda /cm-1
1000 1050 1100
*
*
*
*
3000 2800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
*
Tegovakon solid (2 years)
6 days
2 days
1 hour
Tegovakon over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
3100 3000 2900 2800 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
1 hour
2 hours
2 days
5 days
2 months
Tegosivin modified (Silo) solid (>1 year)
δ C-Si-CνSi-O-Si
Tegosivin over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
3000 28001600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
5 days
2 days
2 hours
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Raman Microscope 50Xλlaser = 785 nm
The strong fluorescence of thebiocalcarenite stone at 785 nmmade impossible to detect thespectra of the consolidant andof the water-repellent on thecorrespondingly impregnatedsamples.
Possibilities of the molecular Infrared and Raman spectroscopies to monitor the polymerization process of water repellents and consolidants in treated stones
(collaboration with the IEG group of the TNCH )
The increasing use of portable instruments, also Raman and infrared spectrometers, for in situdiagnosis and characterization of materials and their conservation state in artworks, has led us to investigate the real possibilities that both vibrational spectroscopies have for monitoring in real time the polymerization process of silicon-based water repellents and consolidants in stones after application of the corresponding treatments. A particular stone (biocalcarenite) widely used in the Spanish Architectural Heritage, has been chosen as laboratory model stone.
4000 3000 2000 1000
Tegovakon / KBr
3 months
2 days
1 min
IR A
bso
rban
ce(a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
10 min
3 months
2 days
Tegosivin / KBrIR
Abs
orba
nce
(a.u
.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 1500 1000 500* * **
3 months
2 days
2 hours
11 min
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) / KBr
IR A
bsor
banc
e (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
IR Transmission spectra ofthe products squeezedbetween KBr disks. The IR reflection of the stonehad a very strong calciteband which prevented fromobserving the silane-basedcompounds bands.
FT-Raman spectra of the impregnated stones excited at 1064 nm showed strong calcite bands, but the detailed study of the C-H stretching region allowed to conclude:1) The evaporation of the White Spirit employed as solvent in the water-repellent case, finished 14 days after application. This period coincides with the largest loss of weight of the corresponding specimen.2) The decrease with time of the integrated intensity of the marked region in the consolidant case showed a trend which someway correlated with the loss of weight directly measured, specially from the 14 day on. Then, our Raman data support the “weight control” as good choice for indication of curing.
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
4 days
7 days
9 days
11 days
14 days
16 days
28 days
42 days
2 days
Ram
an In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegovakon
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
42 days
28 days
16 days
14 days
11 days
9 days
7 days
4 days
2 daysR
aman
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegosivin 10 wt in WS1064
nm
3000 2800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
*
Tegovakon solid (2 years)
6 days
2 days
1 hour
Tegovakon over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
3100 3000 2900 2800 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
1 hour
2 hours
2 days
5 days
2 months
Tegosivin modified (Silo) solid (>1 year)
δ C-Si-CνSi-O-Si
Tegosivin over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
3000 28001600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
5 days
2 days
2 hours
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Raman Microscope 50Xλlaser = 785 nm
The strong fluorescence of thebiocalcarenite stone at 785 nmmade impossible to detect thespectra of the consolidant andof the water-repellent on thecorrespondingly impregnatedsamples.
3000 2800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
*
Tegovakon solid (2 years)
6 days
2 days
1 hour
Tegovakon over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
3100 3000 2900 2800 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
1 hour
2 hours
2 days
5 days
2 months
Tegosivin modified (Silo) solid (>1 year)
δ C-Si-CνSi-O-Si
Tegosivin over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
3000 28001600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
5 days
2 days
2 hours
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) over glass
Ram
an In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Raman Microscope 50Xλlaser = 785 nm
The strong fluorescence of thebiocalcarenite stone at 785 nmmade impossible to detect thespectra of the consolidant andof the water-repellent on thecorrespondingly impregnatedsamples.
Possibilities of the molecular Infrared and Raman spectroscopies to monitor the polymerization process of water repellents and consolidants in treated stones
(collaboration with the IEG group of the TNCH )
The increasing use of portable instruments, also Raman and infrared spectrometers, for in situdiagnosis and characterization of materials and their conservation state in artworks, has led us to investigate the real possibilities that both vibrational spectroscopies have for monitoring in real time the polymerization process of silicon-based water repellents and consolidants in stones after application of the corresponding treatments. A particular stone (biocalcarenite) widely used in the Spanish Architectural Heritage, has been chosen as laboratory model stone.
4000 3000 2000 1000
Tegovakon / KBr
3 months
2 days
1 min
IR A
bso
rban
ce(a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
10 min
3 months
2 days
Tegosivin / KBrIR
Abs
orba
nce
(a.u
.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 1500 1000 500* * **
3 months
2 days
2 hours
11 min
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) / KBr
IR A
bsor
banc
e (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
IR Transmission spectra ofthe products squeezedbetween KBr disks. The IR reflection of the stonehad a very strong calciteband which prevented fromobserving the silane-basedcompounds bands.
4000 3000 2000 1000
Tegovakon / KBr
3 months
2 days
1 min
IR A
bso
rban
ce(a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
10 min
3 months
2 days
Tegosivin / KBrIR
Abs
orba
nce
(a.u
.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 1500 1000 500* * **
3 months
2 days
2 hours
11 min
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) / KBr
IR A
bsor
banc
e (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3000 2000 1000
Tegovakon / KBr
3 months
2 days
1 min
IR A
bso
rban
ce(a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3000 2000 1000
Tegovakon / KBr
3 months
2 days
1 min
IR A
bso
rban
ce(a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
10 min
3 months
2 days
Tegosivin / KBrIR
Abs
orba
nce
(a.u
.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
4000 3500 3000 1500 1000 500* * **
3 months
2 days
2 hours
11 min
Tegosivin (10% wt in White Spirit) / KBr
IR A
bsor
banc
e (a
.u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
IR Transmission spectra ofthe products squeezedbetween KBr disks. The IR reflection of the stonehad a very strong calciteband which prevented fromobserving the silane-basedcompounds bands.
FT-Raman spectra of the impregnated stones excited at 1064 nm showed strong calcite bands, but the detailed study of the C-H stretching region allowed to conclude:1) The evaporation of the White Spirit employed as solvent in the water-repellent case, finished 14 days after application. This period coincides with the largest loss of weight of the corresponding specimen.2) The decrease with time of the integrated intensity of the marked region in the consolidant case showed a trend which someway correlated with the loss of weight directly measured, specially from the 14 day on. Then, our Raman data support the “weight control” as good choice for indication of curing.
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
4 days
7 days
9 days
11 days
14 days
16 days
28 days
42 days
2 days
Ram
an In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegovakon
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
42 days
28 days
16 days
14 days
11 days
9 days
7 days
4 days
2 daysR
aman
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegosivin 10 wt in WS1064
nm
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
4 days
7 days
9 days
11 days
14 days
16 days
28 days
42 days
2 days
Ram
an In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegovakon
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
42 days
28 days
16 days
14 days
11 days
9 days
7 days
4 days
2 daysR
aman
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegosivin 10 wt in WS
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
4 days
7 days
9 days
11 days
14 days
16 days
28 days
42 days
2 days
Ram
an In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegovakon
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
42 days
28 days
16 days
14 days
11 days
9 days
7 days
4 days
2 daysR
aman
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegosivin 10 wt in WS
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
4 days
7 days
9 days
11 days
14 days
16 days
28 days
42 days
2 days
Ram
an In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegovakon
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
4 days
7 days
9 days
11 days
14 days
16 days
28 days
42 days
2 days
Ram
an In
tens
ity (
a.u.
)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegovakon
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
42 days
28 days
16 days
14 days
11 days
9 days
7 days
4 days
2 daysR
aman
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegosivin 10 wt in WS
3000 2800 1600 1200 800 400
initial
42 days
28 days
16 days
14 days
11 days
9 days
7 days
4 days
2 daysR
aman
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavenumbers / cm-1
Stone/ Tegosivin 10 wt in WS1064
nm
"IV International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy inArt and Archaeology", http://www.chimica.unimore.it/RAA2007/raa2007.htm-----------------------------------------------------------------------------"Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology"J. Raman Spectrosc. 2006; 37: 962–965Procc. III International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11413(Sackler NAS Colloquium) Scientific Examination of Art:Modern Techniques in Conservation and Analysis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309096251&page=162Raman Microscopy in the Identification of Pigments on Manuscripts and Other Artwork, R.J.H. CLARK162-185-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Smith GD, Clark RJHRaman microscopy in archaeological science JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE 31 (8): 1137-1160 AUG 2004 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.chem.ucl.ac.uk/resources/raman/index.html---------------------------------------------------------------Raman Microscopy Research in The British LibraryThe analysis of materials used in the making and for the conservation of manuscripts incunabula and works of arthttp://www.bl.uk/about/collectioncare/pdf/raman.pdf-----------------------------------------------------------------Raman microscopy techniques for the characterisation of pigmentsTracey D. Chaplin, & Robin J. H. Clarkhttp://www.rms.org.uk/downloads/5_-_Chaplin-Clark.pdf------------------------------------------------------------------http://www.chim.unifi.it/raman/------------------------------------------------------------------Database of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemistry of mineralshttp://rruff.info/------------------------------------------------------------------www.?s.unipr.it./~bersani/raman/raman/spettri.htm------------------------------------------------------------------www.sbg.ac.at/min/service/service_daten.htm-------------------------------------------------------------------www.ens-lyon.fr/LST/Raman/index.php-------------------------------------------------------------------minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/raman/Caltech_data/index.htm
The application of Raman Spectroscopy for the Non-destructive Analysis of Art Objectshttp://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt00/papers/idn163/idn163.htm
"Identification and Classification of Natural Organic Binding Media and Varnishes by Micro-Raman Spectroscopyhttp://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt00/papers/idn164/idn164.htm
Peter Vandenabeele and Luc Moens
----------------------------------------------------APPLICATION OF RAMAN TECHNIQUESFOR PAPER COATINGSShivashanker Bitlahttp://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BitlaS2002.pdf
---------------------------------------------------CONFOCAL RAMAN MICROSCOPY IN CHEMICAL ANDPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COATED AND PRINTEDPAPERSJouko Vyörykkähttp://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512272318/isbn9512272318.pdf
minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/raman/Novosibirsk_Russia/Index.htm-----------------------------------------http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi?lang=engSpectral Database for Organic Compounds SDBS---------------------------------------------FT-IR SPECTRA OF BINDERS AND COLORANTShttp://www.ut.ee/katsekoda/IR_Spectra/---------------------------------------------www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/rasmin/E_index.htm----------------------------------------------www.irug.org-----------------------------------------------newton.mli.kvl.dk/users/engelsen/specarb/specarb.html (Carbohidratos)-----------------------------------------------
http://goya.fmc.cie.uva.es/Pigmentos/inicio.htm- Colorimetría (CR) - Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) - Espectroscopía µRAMAN- Espectroscopía FTIR(ATR) ---------------------------------http://www.ehu.es/udps/database/database.php
ESPAÑA
http://www.ehu.es/udps/database/database1.html