2 22.3

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

Permeability k, m/s log k (m/s)

1.3

2 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 91.1

101

10-10 10-9 10-8

102 1033 34 45

e - lg k

5 6 7 8 96 7 8 9

vσ' ,kPa log σ'vc (kPa)

1g = log10

e - lg σv̀

σv̀o

σp̀

The e vs. lg σv̀ and e vs. lg k relationships from a typical OEDK test on Louiseville clay.

Voi

d Ra

tio, α

1.75

1.50

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

00 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Relation between the permeability change index Ck and eo for all clays tested.Adapted from Tavenas et al. (1983). "The Permeability of Natural Salt Clays: Parts I & II." CGJ 20(4), 629-668

2.5 3.0 3.5eo

ck = 0.5 eoc k

ck = 1/3 eo

ck = de / d log k eo~~ 12

13

-( )

Champlain claysOther Canadian claysOther clays

rk = 1.5

Deltaic

rk = 1

Atchafalaya

Comparison of vertical and horizontal permeabilities in intact natural clays.

For marine clays (mostly Canada) Typical rk= kh/kv = 1.0 - 1.5

10-8

10-9

10-10

10-9 10-8

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-10

987654

3

2

98765

4

3

2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Kho,

cm/se

c

m/s

Kvo

,m/s

kv = 10 cm/secx5 10-8+

Champlain claysOther Canadian claysOther claysφ 50 mm triaxial tests

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

10-8

10-910

120

110

S = 100%

100

9010 15 20 2515

Molding Water Content (%) Molding Water Content (%)

Con

duct

ivity

(cm

/s)

(for

S =

100

%)

Dry

Uni

t Wei

ght (

pcf)

Vicksburg Silty Clay: WL = 37, WP = 23 & IP = 14

2520

WoptHigh Effort

High

Medium

Low Compactive Effort

Kneading Compection

Data from Mitchell et al. ASCE, JSMFD 91(4). (1965) for Silty Clay Compacted with Impact Compaction: (a) Hydraulic Conductivity versus Molding Water Content; (b) Compection Curve (1 pct = 0.157 kN/m3)

Adapted from Daniel & Benson (1990), ASCE JGE 116(12)

Medium

Low

a b