Post on 25-Mar-2016
description
2013
45o PRIMARY SCHOOL CLASS E’ School year 2012-2013 Patra Greece
Τι πρέπει να γνωρίζεις για την Ελλάδα
Σελίδα 4
INDEX
INDEX ......................................................................................................................................... 4
GREECE ...................................................................................................................................... 5
PATRAS ...................................................................................................................................... 8
MONUMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 10
THE CASTLE OF PATRAS ................................................................................................... 10
ANCIENT ODEON OF PATRAS .......................................................................................... 10
RIO CASTLE ...................................................................................................................... 11
NEOCLASSICAL BUILDINGS OF PATRAS ........................................................................... 12
APPOLON THEATRE ......................................................................................................... 13
RELIGION ............................................................................................................................. 14
SAINT ANDREW CHURCH ............................................................................................. 14
RECENT PROJECTS ............................................................................................................... 15
RIO ANTIRRIO BRIDGE .................................................................................................. 15
LOCAL PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................ 16
LOCAL PRODUCTS OF PATRAS ............................................................................... 16
FETA ................................................................................................................................. 17
EVENTS ................................................................................................................................ 18
PATRAS CARNIVAL ........................................................................................................... 18
RECIPES ................................................................................................................................ 19
MOUSTALEYRIA ............................................................................................................... 19
PANCAKES ........................................................................................................................ 20
Sources ................................................................................................................................ 21
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GREECE
Greece is located in the south-Eastern end of Europe.
It has two major mountain-chains, Pindos and Rodopi, and borders
the Mediterannean sea.
It has about 3000 islands
1 Zante 2 Kefalonia
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The plains and valleys cover only a small part of the mainland.
Since 776 B.C and for about 1000 years the Olympic games were
held, every four years.
.
1. entrance of stadium 2. olympic flame
3. stadium of ancient Olympia
Greece owns one of the biggest fleets in the
world. Fishing as well as agriculture and cattle
breeding are major sources of wealth for the
country.
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Every year visit the islands and the
archeological sites millions of
tourists.
Akropoli
Zante
Kefalonia Kefalonia
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PATRAS
Patras is the city where we live. It is
the fourth biggest city of Greece. Its
population is 140.400 people.
Patras has lots of green,
beautiful flowers, a lot of
shops and houses.
It also has sightseeing. Some of them are
the Rio-Antirio bridge which connects the
Peloponnese with the Mainland,
the castle of
Patras which is built on the hill of
Panachaiko,
the Roman Odeon which was built on
the Acropolis,
the Apollon theatre that was constructed in 1872,
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Achaia Claus the first
Greek winery and the
old Municipal Hospital
which today is a cultural
multicenter of Patras.
The patron of Patras is
Saint Andrew.
Patras is a very beautiful city and many people would like to live
here
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MONUMENTS
THE CASTLE OF PATRAS
It was built on the second half of the
6th century on top of the ruins of the
ancient Acropolis. It is situated on a
small hill of Panachaiko. On the
centuries that followed and until the
2nd World War it was used for the
defense of the city but also as an
administrative and militatry center.
The myth of Patrinela is
connected to the castle which
according to tradition this woman
transformed into a man during
the years of Turkish occupation
and guarded the city from
epidemics and was crying at night
when somebody from Patras
died.
ANCIENT ODEON OF PATRAS
West of the Acropolis near Saint
George square you can find the
Ancient Odeon of Patras that was
erected in the middle of the 2nd
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century and sooner than
the Herodeion of Athens.
It has all the basic parts
of a theatre that is
auditorium, orchestra
pit, proscenium, stage,
backstage. It’s smaller
than the Herodeion and
its capacity is almost 2500 spectators. Inside the Odeon there was a
statue of Apollon that was made from war loot. Earthquakes, wars and
conquerors destroyed the Odeon and covered it with other buildings
and soil. It saw the light of day again in 1889 when excavation work took
place in the hill for the embankment fill of the harbor.
RIO CASTLE
The castle of Rio is situated in Achaia in the Municipal of Rio. Next to the
castle you can find the Rio Antirrio
Bridge and on the right and left you
can find the eastern and western
pier of the ferry boats. It is used for
cultural events and tourists can visit
it.
The castle is surrounded by a wide moat
which is filled with sea water. There are
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two outward bastions in the
moat which are connected to
the main castle by stone
bridges. Together with the
across castle of Antirrio and
their firepower they
controlled the sea passage.
The castle was constructed by the sultan Bayezid II in 1499 on top of the
ruins of the Ancient Temple of Poseidon. In 1533 it was occupied by the
Genoese but the same year the Ottomans took it back. In 1687 Francisco
Morosini besieged the castle of Rio and occupied it but was forced to
reconstruct it since the siege caused major disasters to the castle walls.
New towers were added and the castle took the form it has today. At
the same time the current temple of
Zoodochos Pigi was constructed. The castle
was once more occupied by the Ottomans in
1715 and it was used as a prison. In 1828 it
was surrendered to the French and up until
1912 it was converted to a political and
military prison.
NEOCLASSICAL BUILDINGS OF PATRAS
There are hundreds of beautiful houses in the
streets and squares of Patras, those are the
neoclassical buildings that tarted to be built
in 1830 and continued throughout the 19th
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century.
Their basic characteristics are the marble stairs, arcades, balconies,
symmetrical facades, murals.
APPOLON THEATRE
Apollon theatre is located in Patras and it was constructed in 1879 by
the great German architect Ernst Ziller. It is a miniature of La Scala in
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Milan and it is the oldest surviving closed theater and the most
impressive architectural ornament of Patras. Apollo theatre was
founded on 11 February 1871 and was completed on October 10, 1872.
The plans were assigned to Ernst Ziller and are still kept today in the
public library of Patras. The materials that were used were the most
expensive and luxurious of the time such as stone from Trieste, rails
from England, statues from Vienna, marble from Livorno, stone from
Astakos and other more from the rest of Greece. The interior includes
the house with 156 seats and 53 balconies in two floors. The stage is
13.5 meters wide and
7.5 meters deep.
Today in the Apollon
Theatre there are
regular performances
from the Municipal
Theatre of Patras
while its beautiful
spaces are used
during Patras carnival
for ball masque.
RELIGION
SAINT ANDREW CHURCH
In the city of Patras there are two temples of
the city’s patron Saint Andrew. The old temple
was erected during the 1836-1843 period at the
spot where Apostle Andrew martyred. It is a
basilica work of the architect Lysandros Kaftantzoglou. At the front and
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on the right of the temple near the sanctuary you can find the marble
sepulcher of the Apostle. In the middle of the 4th century, emperor
Konstantinos transferred the Holy Relics to Saint Apostles church in
Constantinople. When the Franks captured the city, the Relics were
transferred in Italy. In 26th of September the Holy Head was returned to
Patras by Pope Paul and after actions citizens of Patras took. The new
temple was grounded in 1908 from George A’ and was inaugurated in
1974 from the Metropolitan of Patras, Nikodimo. The new temple is one
of the most artistic temples in the Balcans and one of the biggest in
Europe. The central dome of the
temple is 46 meters high. Next to
the old temple you can find Saint
Andrew well. According to
tradition he was crucified next to
this water spring.
RECENT PROJECTS
RIO ANTIRRIO BRIDGE
The Rio Antirrio bridge is a cable-stayed bridge that
was completed in 2004. It is located near Patras and it
connects the town of Rio in the Peloponnese with
Antirrio on mainland Greece and north with the rest of
Europe. It was built by the French company Vinci.
Four pylons support the length of the bridge
which is 2280 meters long while with the
accesses it reaches 2880 meters. The bridge
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was developed and completed despite the adverse environmental
conditions while the maximum foundation depth is 65 meters under the
surface of the sea. This is a cable-stayed bridge that its resistances are
spectacular.
With this project communication between northwest and southwest
Greece is made continuous
and uninterrupted while it
upgrades the system of the
west gates of the country
towards west Europe.
LOCAL PRODUCTS
LOCAL PRODUCTS OF PATRAS
Patras is popular for many of its products. People in the mountainous
areas produce cheese, milk, oil, but is first of all famous for its wine
Mavrodaphne.
The
tradition of this wine started in the
middle of the 19th century when the German Gustav Claus opened a
winery a few kilometers outside of Patra in Achaia Claus and it exists till
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today. Mavrodaphne is the most famous wine that Achaia Claus
produces. According to tradition Claus named this variety Mavrodaphne
to honor his fiancé Daphne a beautiful brunette Greek lady with black
eyes who died in a young age. This wine is made from a
variety of red grapes with aromas from cherries, vanilla,
dried fruits (mostly raisin and chocolate). Mavrodaphne
is a very sweet wine and very strong. It is drunk a lot
during the Carnival of Patras.
Patras is not only famous for Mavrodaphne. For a
digestive after a big meal
or in a cafeteria as a drink
it is worth trying Tentoura, the local
liqueur that
owes its taste,
its aroma and
its color on the
extracts of spices that it contains mainly
cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg. You can drink it
plain, with soda of tonic but mainly cold in
small glasses with cream and cinnamon. !!!
FETA
Feta is a kind of cheese kept in brine. It is made exclusively from sheep’s
milk or goat and sheep milk. It has a salty taste and
white colour. It has been enshrined by the European
Commission as Protected
Designation of Origin.
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The first references of feta can be found in Homer and more specifically
in Cyclops Polyphemus, when according the myth he was the first who
produced feta. When he was carrying the milk from the sheep in animal
skin he found out that a few days later the milk thickened and became
solid.
Feta is well known around the world as the
major ingredient of Greek salad.
EVENTS
PATRAS CARNIVAL
Patras Carnival
is the biggest
carnival event in
Greece. It
counts 180
years of history. The celebrations begin on
the January 17 and last until Ash Monday. Patras carnival is not just one
event but a number of events that include dances, parades, hidden
treasure hunting, children’s carnival and more. It
climaxes the last weekend of Carnival with the
night parade on Saturday and the spectacular
parade of groups and chariots on Sunday. The end
is on Sunday night with
the burning of the
Carnival King in the port of Patras.
Characteristic elements of Patras carnival
are the spontaneity, improvisation,
inspiration and volunteering.
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RECIPES
MOUSTALEYRIA
Ingredients
1 cup molasses
3.5 cups water
4.5 cups flour
1 spoon sugar or 1 spoon honey
Directions
Put the molasses, the water and the sugar in the pan
and warm up the ingredients a bit. On
the mixer put some of the warm
ingredients and the flour and stir them until the flour
dissolves and becomes porridge. Next put the
porridge in the pan and stir it until it thickens. Then
let it cool down a bit and add nuts or sesame or
raisins and stir. Divide it in bowls and sprinkle with cinnamon and nuts.
MOLASSES
Molasses is produced from must which we can find in
the end of August or September on the wine harvest.
We put the must in the pan and add ash. We boil it
and then leave until the next so the ash settles. Pass it
through a coffee filter put it in the pan and let it boil. Slow boil for
almost an hour and 30 minutes until it becomes a syrup. From the must
only ¼ becomes molasses.
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PANCAKES
Ingredients (for 30 pancakes)
750 gr flour
4 glasses of water
a bit of salt
a bit of sugar
Directions
Warm the water and add a little salt. When the salt melts slowly add the
flour and stir using the mixer. The porridge must be creamy.
Put some oil in the frying pan. When it is warm enough use a shallow
ladle and place the porridge in the pan. When they are ready place them
on a platter and pour them with sugar or honey.
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Sources
http://europa.eu/abc/maps/members/greece
http://www.e-patras.g
Pupils’ work
Personal photographs from our visits.
Special thanks:
We particularly thank Mrs Koutsantoni Cindy for her assistance at the translation of the texts and Mrs Photini Arvanitopoulou as well.
We also thank Mr Frementiti Pano and Mrs Kolliopoulou Nia for the performance of the recipes.
We appreciate the cheece making “ Pantelis” for hosting a guided tour at their premices and the information the provided on the cheece making process.
Last but not least we thank the archeologists of both city castles for their guided tour.
The brochure for tourist was made by students:
Διονφςιοσ Χρήςτοσ Φωτεινή Γαβρίλησ Τηλζμαχοσ Ελζνη Ειρήνη Πολυχρόνησ Παναγιώτησ Γ. Δημήτρησ Π. Αικατερίνη Ζ. Μαρία Γεώργιοσ Ζ. Νίκοσ Γεωργία Άννα Σπυρίδων Καλ. Ιωάννα Γεώργιοσ Κ. Κωνςταντίνα- Σταυροφλα Αγγελική Αλζξησ Ανδρζασ Δημήτρησ Σ. Μαλβίνα Γιώργοσ Μάνια Μαρία- Αριάδνη Αικατερίνη Σ. Δήμητρα Παναγιώτησ Φ. Μαρία- Αθηνά Σπυρίδων Κ. Χαρίκλεια
Teachers: Μακρή Σταυροφλα