SEITE 37

60: .

60 .

. :

) ( Duhem-Quine1)

Popper, -

-,.).

) .

(Tractatus) o Wittgenstein ,

(1953) .

, -

,

.

) -

.

. -

- . -

.2

50 Koyre Butterfield. ( -

), -

.

60.

- 1962,

Kuhn the Structure of Scientific Revolu-

tions( ). Kuhn

. -

( )

.

Thomas S. Kuhn.

Kuhn , Princeton,

Harvard Berceley. . -

. , ,

, , -

Kuhn . 1962 .

-

. :

1. . . -

. Kuhn

. -

(normative) .

2. , , . -

.

Kuhn

. -

.

3. -

.

. , -

-

3. ,

, . uhn -

- ,

.44. , .

,

- , Feyerabend.-

.

5. . , -

. , .

6. .-

., -

(normal science)

,

. - .

uhn -

:) - ,

, -

, ) , , ,

)

. , -

, .

, -

.

-

, :

-

|

|

|

|

|()

|

( )

|

|

|

|

|

...

uhn, , Popper,

:) Pop-

per , .

,

) - Popper , -

. , - .5

Kuhn -

. - uhn (incom

mensurability) . , , -

-

70(Lakatos,Laudan).

O Kuhn -

-

(..) , . -

-

. , , -

. -

.

-

-

.6

-

. Kuhn -

:... ,

, [incommensurable] 7. , uhn -

-

. :

. . -

, -

.

,

.

, , -

., , , -

,

, -

. Kuhn :

, 17 . -

, .8

:

, , -

, , . , , -

.

. uhn : 20 in-

stein , -

, , ew-

ton 9.

. . , -

- - -

.

.

-

. uhn, -

, -

. , -

, .

,

.

Kuhn . -

(

). uhn

, -

.,

-

., , -

-

, .

,

, , .

. . uhn,

Hanson .10 O Kuhn -

, -

-

. , -

, . : , .

, .11

-

, -

.

. , uhn

. , (

) -

-

. ,

: -

, .

, Lavoisier

Priestley -

.12

-

, . 1962 uhn

( -

).

13 :)

Kuhn .

, , -

, - -

:

-..,,,- -

14, ) , Kuhn Quine

. Quine

,

, . ,

Quine ,

., uhn -

15. -

.

(,

) .

Kuhn -

-

. -

:) ,) ,) , ) ),

16.

,

. ,

. ,

, , -

17.

-

. -

. -

,

.

uhn, , ,

.

, Kuhn, -

.

.

-

. , 18, 19,

. Kuhn

,

.

,

. Kuhn

.

. , -

. -

- , -

. - - .

Kuhn . -

.

.

Kuhn :

.

Kuhn . -

P. Feyerabend, -

.

P. Feyerabend

60 Paul Feyerabend(1924-). Feye-

rabend

Kuhn.To

Kuhn.

, Popper Kuhn.O Feyerabend

Popper 1948.

, -

, , , 20., Feyerabend

, -

. . -

, , ,

-

.

Popper Feyerabend . -

. , Feyerabend ,

-

, .

, .

-

. Kuhn.

60 uhn Feyerabend Berceley. , Fe-

yerabend Kuhn

:... 21.O Feyerabend

, -

., ,

-

.K

. , uhn, 22 -

.

,

. -

(Problems of Empiricism,1965) -

. -

:

1. ,

, ,

. Feyerabend :

Kepler

Newton., , ,

., ,

o Newton

23.

2.O ,

-

. Feyerabend, ( Kuhn),

. -

, , -

: -

(contexts)

,

24.

, . -

. (Against Method, 1975), Feyerabend

,

. Whorf,

, -

-

. -

25. : -

, -

, -

26. -

, -

. -

Kuhn Feyerabend .

-

uhn :

, 1975

. , ,

, ,

,.. Feyerabend -

, -

. : -

-

,

27.

, ,

Against Method. . , Feyerabend -

, . -

:

. ,

28.

O Feyerabend ,

. -

, . -

, -

,

. , -

, , -

, .

, . , , -

:-

-

.

,

Feyerabend , 1

:

29.

: -

, ,.., Feyerabend

-

.

-

. -

-

70.

uhn Feyerabend.

H Kuhn Feyerabend -

, .I -

, Kuhn Feyerabend, -

(,,

) ()., -

, Kuhn . ,

, -

Feyerabend.

.

. -

:)

) . , -

.

, -

. Kuhn Feyerabend , -

Duhem utterfield -

.

, -

.30 ,

.

-

. , , ,

Kuhn Feyerabend -

. -

. Popper

-

:

,

.

. ,

, -

.

Kuhn Feyerabend .

:

;

, -

.

60 , 70

- .,

.

Kuhn Feyerabend .311 O Duhem Quine . . -

, .

.

2 Kuhn T., H (- . ),

, 1998, . 22.

3 , . uhn, ,,

,, .

4 , , , 1997, . 43.

5 ., , , 1998, . 102.

6 . . Kuhn, .., . 30.

7 . . Kuhn, .., . 189.

8 . T. Kuhn, .., . 182.

9 . . uhn, .., . 185.

10 Hanson N., Patterns of Discovery, Cambridge 1958.

11 . . uhn, .., . 188.

12 . . uhn, .., . 196.

13 Kuhn T., Reflections on my Critics (1970) The Essential Tension (1977).

14 Kuhn T., Reflections on my Critics, Chicago 1970, p. 267.

15 . . Kuhn, .., p. 266.

16 Kuhn T., The Essential Tension, Chicago 1977, p. 335.

17 . . Kuhn, .., p. 325.

18 . . Kuhn, H , . 229.

19 . . Kuhn, .., . 231.

20 Feyerabend P., Science in a free Society, London 1978, p. 116.

21 Feyerabend P.,Consolations for the Specialist, p.197-230 in Lakatos-Musgrave(eds) Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge, 1970, p. 197.

22 . P. Feyerabend, .., p. 207.

23 Feyerabend P.,Problems of Empiricism, p. 145-260 Colodny(ed) Beyond the Edge of Certainty,New Jersey, 1965, p. 168-169.

24 . P. Feyerabend, .., p. 180.

25 Whorf Nuer, , .

26 Feyerabend P., Against Method( . , .), ,

1982, . 351-352.

27 . P. Feyerabend, Science in a free Society, p. 69.

28 . P. Feyerabend, Against Method, p. 59.

29 . P. Feyerabend, .., p. 54.

30 ., , , / 1979, . 218.