GLYCOLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS

PENTOSE PHOSPHATEPATHWAY

PYRUVATE DH

FA β-OXIDATION

CITRIC ACIDCYCLE

UREA CYCLE

EXA

M II

PAT

HW

AYS

CYTO

SOL

MIT

OCH

ON

DRI

AL

MAT

RIX

H2O

H2O

NAD

NADH + H+ + CO2

NAD + CoA

NADH + H+ + CO2

GTP + CoA

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

H2O

GDP + Pi

ATP

AMP + PPi

H2O + CO2 + 2ATP

NAD + H2O

NADH + H+

H2O

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

AMP + PPi

H2O

Pi

H2O

Pi

ATP + CO2ADP + Pi

GDP + CO2

GTP

HS-CoA

HS-CoA + ATP

Carnitine

Carnitine

ADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

NAD + Pi

NADH + H+

ATP

ADP

H2O

ATP

ADP

CO2

TPP

NAD

NADH + H+

NADP

NADPH + H+ H2O

H+

NADP

NADPH + H+

HS-CoA

Glucose

Glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphateGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

3-Phosphoglycerate

2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pyruvate Lactate DH

Lactate

CORI CYCLE

Oxaloacetate

Hydroxyethyl-TPP

Acetyl-lipoic acid

Acetyl-CoA

Lipoic acid

TPP

HS-CoA

Dihydrolipoic acid

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH2 Citrate

cis-Aconitate

Isocitrate

α-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl-CoASuccinate

Fumarate

Malate

OxaloacetateAspartate

Glutamate

Most AAs

Argininosuccinate

Citrulline

Carbamoyl phosphate

Ornithine

Urea

H2O

Arginine

α-Ketoglutarate

α-Keto acid

Most AAs

Glutamate

α-KGα-Keto acid

α-KG

NH4+

Fatty acid

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl carnitine

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl-CoAC-2Δ2 trans enoyl CoA

L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA

β-keto fatty acyl CoA

Acetyl-CoA

6-P-Gluconolactone6-P-Gluconate

Ribulose-5-PRibose-5-P

Glyceraldehyde-3-P

Xylulose-5-P

Sedohetulose-7-P

Erythrose-4-P

Nucleotide synthesis

Hexokinase

Phosphoglucose isomerase

Phosphofructokinase

Aldolase

Triose phosphateisomeraseGlyceraldehyde

-3-P DH

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enolase

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate DH

Pyruvate DH

Dihydrolipoyltransacetylase

Dihydrolipoyl DH

Citrate synthase

Aconitase

Aconitase

Isocitrate DH

α-KG DH

Succinyl-CoA Synthetase

Succinate DH(aka ETC Complex II)

Fumarase

Malate DH

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

Pyruvatecarboxylase

Ornithinetranscarbamoylase

Argininosuccinatesynthetase

Argininosuccinase

Arginase

Carbamoyl phosphatesynthetase

Acyl-CoA synthetase

Acyl-CoA DH

Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase

L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH

Thiolase

Glucose-6-P DHLactonase

6-P-gluconate DHPhospho-pentoseisomerase

Phosphopentoseepimerase

Transketolase

Transketolase

Transaldolase

GLYCOLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS

PENTOSE PHOSPHATEPATHWAY

PYRUVATE DH

FA β-OXIDATION

CITRIC ACIDCYCLE

UREA CYCLE

EXA

M II

PAT

HW

AYS

CYTO

SOL

MIT

OCH

ON

DRI

AL

MAT

RIX

H2O

H2O

NAD

NADH + H+ + CO2

NAD + CoA

NADH + H+ + CO2

GTP + CoA

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

H2O

GDP + Pi

ATP

AMP + PPi

H2O + CO2 + 2ATP

NAD + H2O

NADH + H+

H2O

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

AMP + PPi

H2O

Pi

H2O

Pi

ATP + CO2ADP + Pi

GDP + CO2

GTP

HS-CoA

HS-CoA + ATP

Carnitine

Carnitine

ADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

NAD + Pi

NADH + H+

ATP

ADP

H2O

ATP

ADP

NAD

NADH + H+

NADP

NADPH + H+ H2O

H+

NADP

NADPH + H+

HS-CoA

CO2

TPP

Glucose

Glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphateGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

3-Phosphoglycerate

2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pyruvate Lactate DH

Lactate

CORI CYCLE

Oxaloacetate

Hydroxyethyl-TPP

Acetyl-lipoic acid

Acetyl-CoA

Lipoic acid

TPP

HS-CoA

Dihydrolipoic acid

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH2 Citrate

cis-Aconitate

Isocitrate

α-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl-CoASuccinate

Fumarate

Malate

OxaloacetateAspartate

Glutamate

Most AAs

Argininosuccinate

Citrulline

Carbamoyl phosphate

Ornithine

Urea

H2O

Arginine

α-Ketoglutarate

α-Keto acid

Most AAs

Glutamate

α-KGα-Keto acid

α-KG

NH4+

Fatty acid

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl carnitine

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl-CoAC-2Δ2 trans enoyl CoA

L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA

β-keto fatty acyl CoA

Acetyl-CoA

6-P-Gluconolactone6-P-Gluconate

Ribulose-5-PRibose-5-P

Glyceraldehyde-3-P

Xylulose-5-P

Sedohetulose-7-P

Erythrose-4-P

Nucleotide synthesis

Hexokinase

Phosphoglucose isomerase

Phosphofructokinase

Aldolase

Triose phosphateisomeraseGlyceraldehyde

-3-P DH

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enolase

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate DH

Pyruvate DH

Dihydrolipoyltransacetylase

Dihydrolipoyl DH

Citrate synthase

Aconitase

Aconitase

Isocitrate DH

α-KG DH

Succinyl-CoA Synthetase

Succinate DH(aka ETC Complex II)

Fumarase

Malate DH

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

Pyruvatecarboxylase

Ornithinetranscarbamoylase

Argininosuccinatesynthetase

Argininosuccinase

Arginase

Carbamoyl phosphatesynthetase

Acyl-CoA synthetase

Acyl-CoA DH

Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase

L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH

Thiolase

Glucose-6-P DHLactonase

6-P-gluconate DHPhospho-pentoseisomerase

Phosphopentoseepimerase

Transketolase

Transketolase

Transaldolase

GLYCOLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS

PENTOSE PHOSPHATEPATHWAY

PYRUVATE DH

FA β-OXIDATION

CITRIC ACIDCYCLE

UREA CYCLE

EXA

M II

PAT

HW

AYS

CYTO

SOL

MIT

OCH

ON

DRI

AL

MAT

RIX

β

H2O

H2O

NAD

NADH + H+ + CO2

NAD + CoA

NADH + H+ + CO2

GTP + CoA

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

H2O

GDP + Pi

ATP

AMP + PPi

H2O + CO2 + 2ATP

NAD + H2O

NADH + H+

H2O

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

AMP + PPi

H2O

Pi

H2O

Pi

ATP + CO2ADP + Pi

GDP + CO2

GTP

HS-CoA

HS-CoA + ATP

Carnitine

Carnitine

ADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

NAD + Pi

NADH + H+

ATP

ADP

H2O

ATP

ADP

NAD

NADH + H+

NADP

NADPH + H+ H2O

H+

NADP

NADPH + H+

HS-CoA

CO2

TPP

Glucose

Glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphateGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

3-Phosphoglycerate

2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pyruvate Lactate DH

Lactate

CORI CYCLE

Oxaloacetate

Hydroxyethyl-TPP

Acetyl-lipoic acid

Acetyl-CoA

Lipoic acid

TPP

HS-CoA

Dihydrolipoic acid

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH2 Citrate

cis-Aconitate

Isocitrate

α-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl-CoASuccinate

Fumarate

Malate

OxaloacetateAspartate

Glutamate

Most AAs

Argininosuccinate

Citrulline

Carbamoyl phosphate

Ornithine

Urea

H2O

Arginine

α-Ketoglutarate

α-Keto acid

Most AAs

Glutamate

α-KGα-Keto acid

α-KG

NH4+

Fatty acid

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl carnitine

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl-CoAC-2Δ2 trans enoyl CoA

L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA

β-keto fatty acyl CoA

Acetyl-CoA

6-P-Gluconolactone6-P-Gluconate

Ribulose-5-PRibose-5-P

Glyceraldehyde-3-P

Xylulose-5-P

Sedohetulose-7-P

Erythrose-4-P

Nucleotide synthesis

Hexokinase

Phosphoglucose isomerase

Phosphofructokinase

Aldolase

Triose phosphateisomeraseGlyceraldehyde

-3-P DH

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enolase

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate DH

Pyruvate DH

Dihydrolipoyltransacetylase

Dihydrolipoyl DH

Citrate synthase

Aconitase

Aconitase

Isocitrate DH

α-KG DH

Succinyl-CoA Synthetase

Succinate DH(aka ETC Complex II)

Fumarase

Malate DH

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

Pyruvatecarboxylase

Ornithinetranscarbamoylase

Argininosuccinatesynthetase

Argininosuccinase

Arginase

Carbamoyl phosphatesynthetase

Acyl-CoA synthetase

Acyl-CoA DH

Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase

L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH

Thiolase

Glucose-6-P DHLactonase

6-P-gluconate DHPhospho-pentoseisomerase

Phosphopentoseepimerase

Transketolase

Transketolase

Transaldolase

GLYCOLYSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS

PENTOSE PHOSPHATEPATHWAY

PYRUVATE DH

FA β-OXIDATION

CITRIC ACIDCYCLE

UREA CYCLE

EXA

M II

PAT

HW

AYS

CYTO

SOL

MIT

OCH

ON

DRI

AL

MAT

RIX

β

H2O

H2O

NAD

NADH + H+ + CO2

NAD + CoA

NADH + H+ + CO2

GTP + CoA

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

H2O

GDP + Pi

ATP

AMP + PPi

H2O + CO2 + 2ATP

NAD + H2O

NADH + H+

H2O

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH + H+

AMP + PPi

H2O

Pi

H2O

Pi

ATP + CO2ADP + Pi

GDP + CO2

GTP

HS-CoA

HS-CoA + ATP

Carnitine

Carnitine

ADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

NAD + Pi

NADH + H+

ATP

ADP

H2O

ATP

ADP

NAD

NADH + H+

NADP

NADPH + H+ H2O

H+

NADP

NADPH + H+

Glucose

Glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphateGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

3-Phosphoglycerate

2-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pyruvate Lactate DH

Lactate

CORI CYCLE

Oxaloacetate

Hydroxyethyl-TPP

Acetyl-lipoic acid

Acetyl-CoA

Lipoic acid

TPP

HS-CoA

Dihydrolipoic acid

FAD

FADH2

NAD

NADH2 Citrate

cis-Aconitate

Isocitrate

α-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl-CoASuccinate

Fumarate

Malate

OxaloacetateAspartate

Glutamate

Most AAs

Argininosuccinate

Citrulline

Carbamoyl phosphate

Ornithine

Urea

H2O

Arginine

α-Ketoglutarate

α-Keto acid

Most AAs

Glutamate

α-KGα-Keto acid

α-KG

NH4+

Fatty acid

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl carnitine

Fatty acyl-CoA

Fatty acyl-CoAC-2Δ2 trans enoyl CoA

L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA

β-keto fatty acyl CoA

Acetyl-CoA

6-P-Gluconolactone6-P-Gluconate

Ribulose-5-PRibose-5-P

Glyceraldehyde-3-P

Xylulose-5-P

Sedohetulose-7-P

Erythrose-4-P

Nucleotide synthesis

Hexokinase

Phosphoglucose isomerase

Phosphofructokinase

Aldolase

Triose phosphateisomeraseGlyceraldehyde

-3-P DH

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Enolase

Pyruvate kinase

Pyruvate DH

Pyruvate DH

Dihydrolipoyltransacetylase

Dihydrolipoyl DH

Citrate synthase

Aconitase

Aconitase

Isocitrate DH

α-KG DH

Succinyl-CoA Synthase

Succinate DH(aka ETC Complex II)

Fumarase

Malate DH

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase

Pyruvatecarboxylase

Ornithinetranscarbamoylase

Argininosuccinatesynthetase

Argininosuccinase

Arginase

Carbamoyl phosphatesynthetase

Acyl-CoA synthetase

Acyl-CoA DH

Δ2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase

L(+)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH

Thiolase

Glucose-6-P DHLactonase

6-P-gluconate DHPhospho-pentoseisomerase

Phosphopentoseepimerase

Transketolase

Transketolase

Transaldolase