Schenectady T2 tanker failure 1943The Schenectady fractured at dock within a day of launching
http://www.twi.co.uk/j32k/protected/band_13/oilgas_caseup31.html
World concord, 1954
the response at the onset of the inelastic deformation for < 0
limit of brittle fracturebars made of the same material
9
response curve of a steel bar
convex-concave cohesive energy4 material constants
10
=0.010
Evolution of
11
=0.030
12
=0.050
13
=0.090
14
=0.102 (localized solution)
15
=0.105
16
=0.110
17
=0.120
18
=0.1230
19
=0.1250
20
concave-convex-concave cohesive energy
6 material constants
21
Evolution of and
=0.0028
22
=0.0040
23
=0.0070
24
=0.0095
25
=0.0120
26
=0.0160
27
response curve of a concrete specimen
convex-concave cohesive energy4 material constants
28
progressive localization ...
29
... followed by diffusion
30
... over the whole bar
Griffith, 1920 Barenblatt, 1960 Irwin, 1955 brittle cohesive ductile
brittle
ductile
the size effect
Il Duomo di Siena, 1229-1382http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/ist/luogo/duomosiena.html
Esterno del Duomo di Siena
L'ampliamento, mai completato, del Duomo di Siena, 1340-1350
Galileo, Discorsi, 1638
Lepanto 1571
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