Z

. 2012Z 12

O 31. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

4

.

.. , ,

52. , .. > 35 C > 40

3. , , , , .. , . 6

( 6 )71 -

2

3 -

4 -

5 -

6 -

8

9

10 (, , )

() 3. B 11

Pnigalio pectinicornis

upelmus urozonus12

Pteromalus sp13

(A) Psyttalia lounsburyi, (B) Bracon celer (C) Utetes africanus, (D) Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, (E) D. kraussii and (F) Fopius arisanus.14

15

Opius concolor16

17Euphorbia helioscopia

Ceratonia siliqua18Asphondylia gennadii. 7 (Capsicum annuum), (Solanum tuberosum), (Capparis spinosa), (Eruca sativa), (Sinapis spp.), (Urginea maritima), (Asphodelus fistulosus), and St Johnswort (Hypericum crispum).

19

20

rrula yeast + pheromoneB 21 .. Opius concolor,

2. B .. aturalyte ( +spinosad)= Saccharopolyspora spinosa) A 1:4 7 .- 10. / 30-40 . /

: 4-522

233. :

1. 80% 242. pupa (/ ) = 25

spinosad ()

. mg/kg26199719981999Dimethoate0.02260.02640.0271Fenthio0.12220.1450.1702Fenthio0.02150.00950.0035Dimethoate0.00980.00380.0010Tsatsakis et al. 2003 Food Additives and Contaminants vol 20 p. 553-55927US DA OTHER WAYS OF SUPPRESS OF OLIVE FLY1. Post-harvest sanitationKnock down fruit remaining in treesas soon after harvest as possible. Destroy the fruit on the groundby mulching or disking. Bury fruit at least 4 inches deep. If flydensities are high in area, this method may have minimal effect.2. Mass trapping This method may lower fly numbers in anorchard, but economically significant fruit damage may still occur.Only use where fly numbers are very low.3. Kaolin clay protectantFine film of clay covers plant andchanges olive fly attraction or behavior towards plant host. FarmAdvisor Paul Vossen reports good results with the productSurround WP. Research is still ongoing to determine its best use.4.Attract and kill. One device (Magnet OL) is availablefrom AgriSense. It utilizes food and sex lures to attract olive flyadults and a pesticide to kill attracted adults.2. , Prays oleae28

B 29

30

31

32

33

34

, Saissetia oleae

35

36

37

38

39

Metaphycus helvolus

Scutellista cyanea40

Exochomus sppChilocorus spp. 41Chrysoperla carnea

Hemerobius sp , Aspidiotus nerii42

43

44

45

Rhyzobius lophanthae,46

, Palpita unionalis 47

48

49

, Euphyllura phillyreae 50

, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides

51

52

, Otiorrhynchus cribricollis

53

54

55

, Resseliella oleisuga

56

57

B 58 : , : : 59

- -

, Aceria oleae

60

, Dasyneura oleae61

62

63

64 .

65