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13

1. , (Raif Georges Khoury, DerIslam, Mannheim 1993, . 21. : RupertoCarola, Forschungsmagazin der Universitat Heidelberg.1/1997, Die altesten islamischen Papyri).2. . Muhsen Mahdi, IslamicTheology and Philosophy, Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 (1974), . 1012 -1025.3. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, (1971), III, 578-581.4. , , Graeco - Arabica, 1993, V,. 359-367.5. Bassam Tibi, Der Wahre Imam, Piper, Miinchen 1996, .118-120.6. Ernst Bloch, Avicenna und die Aristotelishe Linke, Frankfurt1963, . 15.7. . J. de Boer, Geschichte der Philosophic in Islam, . 112.8. R. Lerner and M. Mahdi, Medieval Political Philosophy, .77.9. Bassam Tibi, Der Wahre Imam, . 145,10. Bassam Tibi, Der Wahre Imam, . 150.11. Tilman Nagel, Theologie und Ideologic im modernenIslam, Der Islam, Peter Antes .., Stuttgart, 1991,. 3.12. Tilman Nagel, Theologie und Ideologic im modernenIslam, Der Islam, Peter Antes .., Stuttgart, 1991,. 3.13. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, (1971), II, . 1038-1041.14. Sterling P. Lamprecht, ed., Our Philosophical Tradition,. 173.15. Encyclopaedia of Islam, II, . 909-920.16. - (, , ..), 9 AI-Djahiz (Bassam Tibi, . 203).17. Raif Georges Khoury, Der Islam, . 65-67.18. Peter Antes .., Der Islam, Kohlhammer Veriag,Stuttgart 1991, . 3.19. Bassam Tibi, Der Wahre Imam, . 125-6.20. Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, London 1951, .322.21. Bassam Tibi, . 198.22. Erwin Rosenthal, Ibn Khalduns Gedanken iiber den Staat,Miinchen, Berlin 1932, . 53, 72. Rosenthal

1926, Ibn Chaldun - Marx.23. Raif Georges Khoury, Der Islam, 60 - 64.24. Peters Francis, Allah's Commonwealth, 1973, , 12.25. Ibid, 12: Islam, for all its uniquely creative qualities, isalso a splendidly rising chapter in the history of Hellenism,although the story of Islam is far mot than a revival ofHellenism.26. , . 35927. Lemerle Paul, , ., 1981. (Le Premier Humanisine Byzantin,1971).28. / , , , 73, ' 1998.29. , 359. Toynbee : 9 -

- . Toynbee, , 1992, 159.

30. Ibid, . 363.31. Ibid, . 366.32. .. Giotto.33. Seyed Hossein Nasr . , , . 1234. Arnold Toynbee, , 1992, 126,132.35. Ibid, . 130.36. Tilman Nagel, Theologie und Ideologic im modemenIslam, DerIslam, . 5. : Goidziher. Ignaz,Die Stellung der islamischen Orthodoxie zu den antikenWissenschaften, Ges.Werke, V, 357-400.37. ... -

. - Bassam Tibi, .216.38. Tilman Nagel, . 5-7.39. Ibid, , 14-17.40. Ibid, . 12-14.41. Hourani Albert, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age,Oxford 1970, . 330.42. Kair Umma: mi , , 31 HO.43. Bassam Tibi, 235.44. Bassam Tibi, . 315.45. al-Demokratiya kufr; , !.

14 -

Ahmida Aiyaschi, - , 1991, . 57.46. Bassam Tibi, . 360.47. Christian Meier, Die Entstehung des Politischen bet denGriechen, Frankfurt 1989, . 247 ff 435 ff. Meier - . Meier - , .

48. Fouad al-Farsy, Saudi Arabia, London 1978, . 69.49. Bassam Tibi, . 336.50. Maxime Rodinson: - (Islam und Kapitalismus,Frankfurt 1986, , 77).51. Samuel Huntington, The Clash oj Chilizations - ForeignAffairs, Volume 72 No3, Summer 1993.52. ' . , - , Du caractere religieux de l' etat grec moderne,Revista de Sciencias de las Reiigiones, Madrid, 3,1998.

53. -: . -

, . . . - , -

() . -

, . - ( ) (,. 197 - 202).54. Anke von Kugelgen, Averroes und die ambische Modeme,Ansatze zu einer Neugriindung des Rationalismus im Islam,Leiden 1994, . 411.55. Wolfgang Lerch, Der Offene Islam und stime Feinde,Frankfurter Aligemeine Zeitung, Mai 1995.56. Frankfurter Aligemeine Zeitung, 24-12-1998. To - ', - , - Ai-Ghazaii.

Raif Georges Khoury, Der Islam, Mannheim 1993 Raif Georges Khoury, Die altesten islamischen Papyri,Ruperto Carola, Forschungsmagazin der Universitat,Heidelberg 1/1997 Muhsen Mahdi, Islamic Theology and Philosophy,Encyclopedia Britannica, 9,1974 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971 ,

, Graeco - Arabica, 1993, V Bassam Tibi, Der Wahre Imam, Piper, Miinchen 1996 E. Bloch, A vicenna und die Aristotelishe Linke, Frankfurt 1963 T. J. de Boer, Geschichte der Philosophie in Islam R. Lerner and M. Mahdi, Medieval Political Philosophy Tilman Nagel, Theologie und Ideologie im modernen Islam, Der Islam, Peter Antes .., Stuttgart, 1991 Sterling P. Lampreeht, ed., Our Philosophical Tradition Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, London 1951 Christian Meier, Die Entstehung des Politischen bei denGriechen, Frankfurt 1989 Erwin Rosenthai, Ibn Khalduns Gedanken iiber den Staat,Miinchen, Berlin 1932 Peters Francis, Allah's Commonwealth, 1973 Lemerle Paul, , .

, 1981, (Le Premier Humanisme Byzantin,1971) / , , , 73, 1998 Arnold Toynbee, ' , 1992 Hourani A. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, Oxford1970 Goldziher, Ignaz, Die Stellung der islamischen Orthodoxie zuden antiken Wtssenschaften, Ges,Werke, V Ahmida Aiyaschi, , 1991 Fouad al-Farsy, Saudi Arabia, London 1978 Maxime Rodinson, Islam und Kapitalismus, Frankfurt 1986 Samuel Huntington, The Clash oj Civilizations - Foreign

Affairs, Volume 72 No3, Summer 1993 . , Du caractere religieux de l' etat grec moderne,Revista de Sciencias de las Reiigiones, Madrid, 3, 1998 Anke von Kugelgen, Averroes und die arabische Modeme,

Ansatze zu einer Neugrundung des Rationalismus im Islam,Leiden 1994 Wolfgang Lerch, Der Offene Islam und seime Feinde,Frankfurter Aligemeine Zeitung

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