The Interna onal Neutrino Program at...

The Interna�onal Neutrino Program at Fermilab

Antonio Ereditato University of Bern

IPM School on Par�cle Physics, Teheran

Interference terms

Neutrino mixing

A. Ereditato -‐ IPP15

sin22θ13

sin22θ12

Δm223

Δm212

Neutrino oscilla�on

Our present knowledge

2 mass squared differences and 3

sizable mixing angles, some weak

hints of CPVM. C. Gonzalez-Garcia et al., 1409.5439

Neutrino properties after Neutrino 2014

★

0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

sin2

θ12

6.5

7

7.5

8

8.5

∆m

2 21 [

10

-5 e

V2]

★

0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03

sin2

θ13

★

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

sin2

θ23

-2.8

-2.6

-2.4

-2.2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

∆m

2 32

[1

0-3

eV

2]

∆

m2 31

★

0

90

180

270

360

δC

P

7

NuFIT 2.0 (2014)


S�ll unknown !

1. What is the nature of neutrinos?

2. What are the values of the masses? Absolute scale (KATRIN, ...?) and the ordering.

3. Is there CP-violation?

4. What are the precise values of mixing angles?

5. Is the standard picture correct? Are there NSI? Sterile neutrinos? Other effects?

•

•

•

•

•

Very exciting experimental programme now and for the future.


Example: beyond the 3 neutrino flavor scheme?

Evidence for light sterile neutrinos would be a major discovery in par�cle physics and cosmology

43

Hints for the existence of “sterile neutrinos” ?

While each of the measurements below alone lacks the significance to claim a discovery, together they could be suggesting new physics


LSND/MiniBooNE “anomaly”

MiniBooNE


)newθ(22sin-310 -210 -110 1

)2 (e

Vne

w2

mΔ

-210

-110

1

10

210 LSND 90% C.L.LSND 99% C.L.KARMEN 90% C.L.NOMAD 90% C.L.BUGEY 90% C.L.CHOOZ 90% C.L.MiniBooNE 90% C.L.MiniBooNE 99% C.L.ICARUS 90% C.L.OPERA 90% C.L. (Bayesian)

LSND/MiniBooNE “anomaly”


USA P5 report recommenda�ons

1) The Fermilab based, interna�onal LBNF/DUNE program


2) The Fermilab SBN program

USA P5 report recommenda�ons


Science goals of a LBL underground observatory

1) Neutrino Oscilla�on Physics CPV in the leptonic sector Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Precision Oscilla�on Physics & tes�ng the “Standard 3-‐flavor Neutrino Model”

2) Nucleon Decay Predicted by theories beyond the Standard Model

3) Supernova neutrino detec�on Galac�c core collapse supernova, sensi�vity to electron neutrinos

4) …and more: Other oscilla�on channels (e.g. tau neutrinos), non standard interac�ons, neutrino cross-‐sec�ons, nuclear effects, structure func�ons, DM searches,…


Science goals of a SBL neutrino detector complex

1)  Search for sterile neutrinos Unknown background as explana�on of previous experiments? Discovery of more complex neutrino paradigm?

2) Low-‐energy neutrino interac�ons

3) Supernova neutrino detec�on

4) …exo�cs


US based, interna�onal program at FNAL: se�ng up a comprehensive SBL + LBL program centered on the use of the LAr-‐TPC detector technology

LAr TPCs, a powerful technique for the detec�on of neutrino interac�ons

π0 ID in a neutrino interac�on in ArgoNeuT

CNGS neutrino event in ICARUS

Examples of the R&D work in progress LArIAT detector at FNAL

Cosmic shower event in ARGONTUBE

ARGONTUBE in Bern

~6 m

Comprehensive short-‐baseline ν→νx and νµ→νe oscilla�on program (SBN)

  The Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) is shallow (~10 m detector hall depth at all baselines)

  neutrino fluxes well understood: dedicated hadron produc�on data (CERN experiments) and >10 years experience by MiniBooNE and SciBooNE

  Beam spectrum at ~100 m from the target: νe and an�-‐νe contamina�on ~0.5% below 1.5 GeV

  SBN experiments: great opportunity for mid-‐scale detectors with large neutrino exposures

  NuMI beam parasi�c run as well


& & & &

& & & & & & & & & & &

& & & & & & & & & & & &

& & &

Energy (GeV)0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

POT

6/1

02

/50M

eV/m

LAr1

ND)

(

-310

-210

-110

1

10 µ

µ

e

e

The Booster Neutrino Beam

Beam spectrum at ~100 m from the target: νe and an�-‐νe contamina�on ~0.5% below 1.5 GeV

A.Ereditato -‐ ICMN2015

A.Ereditato -‐ ICMN2015

) ) ) ) ) ) )MiniBooNE)

MicroBooNE)

(Cherenkov&Detector)&

(LArTPC)&

⇡0 ! γ + γElectron,&Photon&

Muon& Proton&

⇡0 ! γ + γElectron,&Photon&

Muon& Proton&

Address the LSND/MiniBooNE signal with LAr TPCs


-‐ January 2015 PAC mee�ng, a joint proposal was presented:

-‐ The SBN program consists of three LAr-‐TPC detectors: SBND, MicroBooNE, ICARUS

-‐  The three detectors and their interna�onal teams: significant scien�fic and R&D opportunity towards the LBNF/DUNE long baseline program

-‐ FNAL PAC recommenda�on: program approved on February 5th, 2015.

SBN: three independent detectors (collabora�ons)

ICARUS T600

MicroBooNE

SBND

- -

SBN infrastructure

  MicroBooNE being commissioned these days, advanced design/start of construc�on for the experimental halls of SBND and ICARUS.

  Joint CERN-‐Fermilab engineering team: develop cryostats and cryogenics systems (CENF neutrino pla�orm). Common solu�ons for the three detectors.

  Goal of the three-‐collabora�on project: discovery poten�al for sterile neutrinos in the ~1 eV2 mass range.

SBND

"

   


SBN νe appearance sensi�vity

SBN:&Fermilab&PAC,&January&2015

LAr1FND

MicroBooNE

ICARUS&T600

SBND



SBN νμ disappearance sensi�vity

Far Detector Spectrum

Far Detector Spectrum


MicroBooNE

The first phase of the next genera�on SBN Program begins soon with MicroBooNE, these days coming online!


A physics program on its own

MicroBooNE will inves�gate if the excess events seen by MiniBooNE are electrons (or photons?)

MiniBooNE

>5σ sta�s�cal

6.0 x 1020 POT

MicroBooNE


April 2013


December 20, 2013


June 23, 2014

August 29, 2014


December 17, 2014


August 6, 2015


August 10, 2015


UV-‐laser generated track

SBND

  SBND: exploi�ng many design elements developed for LBNE, is a test-‐bed for items of DUNE

  High sta�s�cs measurement of intrinsic BNB content: sensi�ve oscilla�on searches in combina�on with downstream detectors

  With MicroBooNE, provide full interpreta�on of the MiniBooNE excess. Photons or electrons? Intrinsic to the beam or appearing?

  Side results: reconstruc�on development and GeV ν-‐Ar cross sec�on

  O(1M νµ and 6000 νe events/year)


The SBND detector: construc�on in progress

 

 

 

"

Steel outer cryostat and support structure

Plate A: TPC support and detector feedthroughs

Foam Insulation (60cm)

TPC

 

 

 

 

 

"

5.0m"4.0m"

4.0m"

CPA"

APAs"Field"Cage"


ICARUS-‐T600

  Successfully operated at Gran Sasso in the CNGS beam

  ICARUS-‐WA104 project at CERN

-‐  Refurbish ICARUS-‐T600 -‐ Moved from Gran Sasso to CERN on Dec 2014 -‐ Schedule: TPC to FNAL foreseen by early 2017


The first 300 ton ICARUS module at CERN


CollaboraLon% Authors% Overlap%

ICARUS" 57+n"

SBND" 108"

MicroBooNE" 118"

All%SBN%(excl%overlaps)% 218+%

US 22

CERN

Italy 9

InsLtuLons% SBN%% SBN,DUNE%Overlap%

US" 22+2" 20+2"

Non7US" 23" 19"

659

SBN Institutions and Authors

CH 1

UK 6 Russia 1

Poland 5

Recent addition of 5 U.S. institutions to ICARUS

Current SBN ins�tu�ons


SBN detectors, �meline   SBN is an opportunity to further develop the LAr-‐TPC technology and to use it in

making precision measurements in neutrino physics

  Detector assembly on an aggressive schedule, with global first data in 2018

EPOC% EXPT% 2015% 2016% 2017% 2018% 2019% 2020%

NOW$ MINOS+$ RUN$

NOW$ MicroBooNE$ RUN$1$ RUN$2$SBN$

NEXT$ SBND$ BUILD$+$INSTALL$*$ RUN$2$SBN$

NEXT$ ICARUS$ REFURBISH+INSTALL*$ RUN$2$SBN$

NEXT+$ ?$ decide$ ????$

$ $ $ $ $$ $

$$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$$ $ $

$ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$$$

!"MINOS+$

!"MicroBooNE$

!5σ"

sin22θ24$sensiHvity$$~$0.02$(90%CL)$for$$Δm2$~$0.5$eV2$

MiniBooNE$anomaly$e$or$γ$determinaHon$at$425$σ%

Increasing$sens2$iHvity$to$LSND$$anomaly$

PROGRESS$

SBN$

$$ $ $ $ %$

" " " " " " " " " " " " "

" " "

"

LBNF and DUNE: the scien�fic ra�onale

Magnet'Coils'

Forward'ECAL'

End'RPCs'

Backward'ECAL'Barrel'ECAL'

STT'Module'

Barrel''RPCs'

End'RPCs'

FD

ND

1300 km

Measure neutrino spectra at 1300 km in a wide-‐band beam: Determine MH and θθ23 octant, probe CPV, test 3-‐flavor paradigm, search for unexpected, and address a rich astropar�cle physics program with a single experiment.

Near detector at Fermilab: measurements of un-‐oscillated beam Far detector at SURF in South Dakota: measure oscillated neutrino spectra

Science goals (P5 report) driving the facility design

  3σσ CPV coverage for > 75 % of δδ values

  reach an exposure of 120 kt MW years by 2035.   far detector underground with cavern space for expansion to 40 kton LAr (fiducial).   1.2 MW beam upgradable to mul�-‐MW power.

  Demonstrated detec�on capability for supernova bursts.   Demonstrated detec�on capability for proton decay, providing a significant improvement over current searches. A. Ereditato -‐ IPP15

DUNE design features

Far detector requirements: pa�ern recogni�on, energy measurement (from MeV to several GeV). Retain the experience/choices of LBNE, LBNO, SBN and of other R&D projects: LAr TPC outstanding 3D imaging, excellent energy measurement features (fully ac�ve calorimeter).

Near detector design requirements: constrain systema�c uncertain�es in the LBL oscilla�on analysis.


DUNE reference design

Far detector: 40-‐kton LAr TPC

Near detector: Multi-purpose high-resolution apparatus

Magnet'Coils'

Forward'ECAL'

End'RPCs'

Backward'ECAL'Barrel'ECAL'

STT'Module'

Barrel''RPCs'

End'RPCs'

Staged approach to 40 kton New cavern layout at the SURF facility

Strategic & technical input 4 caverns hos�ng four 10-‐kton fiducial mass modules   Allows for staged construc�on, flexibility for evolu�on of LAr TPC technology:   Assume 4 iden�cal cryostats: 15.1 (W) x 14.0 (H) x 62 (L) m3   Assume the four 10-‐kton modules will be similar but not iden�cal

#1

#2

#4

#3

LAr TPC technologies LAr TPC technology has been first demonstrated by ICARUS and then confirmed by a series of R&D projects and detectors

DUNE is considering two ionization-signal readout options:  Single-phase wire-plane readout –  Ionization signals (collection + induction) read out in liquid volume–  As used in ICARUS, ArgoNEUT/LArIAT, MicroBooNE, SBND–  Long-term operation/stability proven by ICARUS T600

  Dual-phase readout– – – 

Both op�ons: strong LAr TPC development program with FNAL/SBND and CERN/CENF as key players


LAr TPC development path

DUNE alternative design

3

2016 2018Dual-Phase

MicroBooNE

DUNE reference design

2015

DUNE PROTOTYPE@ CERN

SBND

LBL

SBL

Single-Phase

2018


FY27

FY26

FY25

FY24

FY23

FY22

FY21

FY20

FY19

FY18

FY17

FY16

FY15

Install TPC, Detector #1 Fill & Commission Detector #1

Install TPC, Detector #3

Preliminary Design

Cryostat #2 Ready for Detector Installa�on

Dec-‐19 CD-‐2/3c Project Baseline & Construc�on Approval

Jan-‐16 CD-‐3a Approval

Feb-‐27 CD-‐4b (early comple�on)

FY28

CERN Test

DOE Ac�vity

DOE and Non-‐DOE Ac�vity

Non-‐DOE Ac�vity

Detector #1 Commissioned

Detector #2 Commissioned

Final Design and Produc�on Set-‐up

Construc�on of APAs, Detector #1




Cryostat #1 Ready for Detector Installa�on

Start Full Scale Mock-‐up Cryostat #4 Ready for Detector Installa�on

Oct-‐15 CD-‐1 Refresh

Approval

Fill & Commission Detector #3


Project �meline

LBNF/DUNE: a new scien�fic-‐poli�cal approach

 

 

 

 

 

 

 A. Ereditato -‐ IPP15

The DUNE Collabora�on

USA

UK

Italy

India

Other

Switzerland

Spain

France

Brazil

Americas

Poland

Czech Republic

As of today:782 Collaborators, 144 institutions, 26 Nations

Armenia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan , Madagascar , Mex ico , Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA, Ukraine

  DUNE already has broad international support  Two “EU” co-spokespeople: A. Rubbia and M. Thomson  Management structure in place


Summary

  A�er many scien�fic successes obtained in the last years, neutrino oscilla�on physics is confronted with a list of outstanding open issues to be a�acked by a vigorous, coordinated interna�onal effort.

  The interna�onal neutrino program at Fermilab, strongly endorsed by the P5 report, by USA, EU ins�tu�ons and, notably, by CERN, is going to play a key role in neutrino and astropar�cle physics.

  The chosen detector technology is the liquid argon TPC, a prime detector for imaging and measuring neutrino events of different origin (and energy).

  The SBN project is aiming at clarifying the present anomalies poin�ng to the possible existence of more neutrino states (sterile neutrinos). A discovery would be a major science result for par�cle physics and cosmology. The SBN program addi�onally provides suppor�ng physics measurements and detector R&D towards the future long-‐baseline neutrino program (LBNF/DUNE).


  The DUNE experiment at the LBNF facility will cons�tute the ul�mate underground neutrino observatory with a rich oscilla�on (CPV and mass hierarchy) and astropar�cle physics (SN, proton decay, …) program.

  LBNF/DUNE is the flagship program of FNAL and has strong support from DOE. DUNE will be the first interna�onal “Megascience” project hosted in the USA and has become a “policy issue” of na�onal importance. A DOE-‐CERN-‐NSF agreement has been signed on May 7th, 2015 at the White House by the CERN DG Heuer. According to Heuer, “..this agreement is historic since it formalizes CERN’s par�cipa�on in US-‐based programs such as the prospec�ve neutrino facili�es for the first �me…”

In summary, a lot of nice opportuni�es for bright Iranian students and researchers!!!


Thank you for your a�en�on!

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