-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 1 --¢Ë’ 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, £æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

Vocabulary1. LOCATE = Find (äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ Ö†o îÓô’-†’

í∫’Jhç-îªúøç.)Eg: I was able to locate the building easily

because he gave clear directions to it.

2. HAUL = Pull with some difficulty (™«í∫úøç –éÌçûª v¨¡´’ûÓ.)

Eg: These labourers haul big loads over theircarts every day. Nowadays electric /diesel engines haul most of the trains inIndia.

3. BOOST = Help / increase (°ç§Òç-Cç-îªúøç /¨¡éÀh îËèπÿ-®Ωaúøç.)

Eg: The government of AP is anxious to boosttourism in and around the new capital

4. FRANCHISE = Authorisation / permis-sion the government / a company givessomebody to carry on specific businessactivity (äéπ ¢√u§ƒ®Ω 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ-©†’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç é¬F, àüÁjØ√ ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn- é¬FÉîËa ņ’-´’A.)

Eg: His cousin holds the franchise for mar-keting the soft drink in this area.

5. ADVERSE = Unfavourable (v°æA-èπÿ-©-¢Á’i†)Eg: Even in adverse circumstances he suc-

ceeded in getting the first rank in theexam. (v°æA-èπÿ© °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x èπÿú≈ °æK-éπ~™Åûª†’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ≤ƒn†ç §Òçü¿-úøç™ Nïߪ’ç≤ƒ-Cμç-î√-úø’.)

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

- Ajaz Ajju, Yemmiganur.

Q: Sir, when we use COULD MAY andMIGHT to indicate possibility then whydon't we use COULDN'T to indicate possi-bility in negative sentences like otherMAYN'T and MIGHTN'T do. - Pleaseexplain.

A: Though 'could' indicates possibility,'Couldn't' is used mostly to indicate inability.

Eg: I couldn't (was not able to) come yester-day because of the severe heat.

★ 'Mayn't' and 'Mightn't' can of course beused for possibility of something not hap-pening.

Eg: He mayn't come / He mightn't come today(His coming today is doubtful). Mightn'texpresses greater doubt than, 'mayn't'.

- VVN Varalakshmi

Q: Sir, please explain meeting, conference,put up, put on, put off.

A: Meeting - One person / some persons speak-ing to a number of people on some subject.

★ Conference - A meeting in which anybodycan speak on a particular subject.

★ Put up = stay temporarily. We put up for thenight at a small hotel.

★ Put on = wear. He put on a white shirt andbrown striped pants.

★ Put off = Postpone. They put off their trip.

- Bhaskar, Visakhapatnam.

Q: Sir, how to use 'make sense'?A: What you say makes sense = What you

say is right / wise. (Å®Ωnç ÖçC)★ What you say doesn't make sense = What

you say is meaningless / nonsense (Å®Ωnç°æ®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’.)

Q: I am watching movie on / over the TV.- Is this correct?

A: I am watching a movie on the TV - Correct.

- Paddu Sambangi

Q: Sir, when we spell a word there are someletters (E, I, J) comes silent, whether theword comes first, middle or end, like MEI-JER etc. How to identify those spellings,spell correctly and be familiar. - Pleaseclarify.

A: There are no rules about which letter com-ing where should be pronounced or issilent. It is all a matter of usage (¢√úø’éπ.)

Q: Sir, please explain different usages of 'off'with examples. Also please explain theuse of 'by means of'.

A: Why don't you refer to the dictionary?Any good dictionary will give you thedifferent meanings and use of, 'off'.Anyway here are the meanings for off.

Off = 1) Away from a place or position,especially the present.

Eg: He drove off (away from the presentplace) at great speed (ÅN’ûª ¢Ëí∫çûÓûÓ©’èπ◊çô÷ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.)

2) The boy ran off with my book (took mybook and ran away) (§ƒJ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’)

3) Going away - (¢ÁRx-§Ú-´úøç). She is off(going away) to the US next week.

4) Sometime in future - (Ææ’ü¿÷®Ω ¶μºN-≠æu-ûª’h™Öçúøôç). Our exams are very far off = ourexams are not now but much later

5) Away from - (ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúøôç). The placeis twenty km off Mumbai (20 km awayfrom Mumbai)

6) Not at work - (°æE-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç). He isoff duty today = He is not at work today.

7) Discount - (ûªT_ç°æ¤ üμ¿®Ω). Goods in thatstore are sold at 30% off (discount), and,

8) Remove - (ûÌ©-Tç-îªúøç) The wheels are off(removed).

By means of = i) with the help of , ii) using Eg: i) Water can be supplied for agriculture

by means of dams. (With the help ofdams, water can be supplied for agri-culture)

ii) Even very heavy things can be liftedby means of (using) a crane.

- Kanike Veerashekar

Q: Sir, what is the difference betweenhobby and habit?

A: There is a lot of difference between thetwo. A hobby is what you do for plea-sure (Ææ®Ω-üΔí¬ ´’†ç îËÊÆC.) For example,photography, stamp collection, coin andcurrency collection - these are all hob-bies, which people do for pleasure.

★ A habit on the other hand is what you doregularly, and which you cannot discon-tinue easily (Å©-¢√ô’ / ´uÆæ†ç) - a habitmay be either good or bad. For example,getting up early in the morning, timelyeating of food, etc are all good habits.Drinking, smoking, etc are all bad habits.

- Batta Ramakrishna, Nellore.

Q: Sir, what is the meaning of Numerouno?

A: Number one.

- Srikanth, Warangal.

Q: Sir, could you please translate the belowsentence in English.

-ØË-†’ éÌç-îÁç -áèπ◊\-´ confident í¬ -Öç-ú≈-Lqç-C(Öç-úø-™‰-ü¿’).

'I would have to be more confident' -Å-ØÌ-î√a?

A: I should have been a little more confident.

Q: Meaning of 'low latency data'?

A: Not enough information about the percent-age of literacy.

Q: Meaning of 'preclude'. Please describewhere we use this word ?

A: Prevent something from happening / pre-vent someone from doing something (Åúøf-Tç-îªúøç / Åúø’f-°æ-úøôç.)

Eg: The rain precludes any matchtoday. (Because of the rain nomatch can be played today).We can use the word whereverwe use stop / prevent.

Q: Please explain differencebetween the two sentences?

Am I not able to take my owndecision?

Cannot I take my own decision?

- Are they both correct ?A: Am I not able to take my own decision? =

Ø√ E®Ωgߪ’ç ؈’ BÆæ’-éÓ-ñ«-©Ø√?= Stating that

you are in a position to take your own deci-sion (BÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’ ÅE.)

★ Cannot I (Can't I) take my own decision? =I have the ability to take my own decision -(Ø√ -E®Ωg-ߪ’ç -ØË--†’ -BÆæ’éÓ-™‰--Ø√?-Åç-õ‰ -BÆæ’éÓí∫-©-†’ -Å-E.)

★ Both the above are questions to which theanswer is stating strongly that you can take

your own decision and that youdon't need anybody's help. Both arecorrect.

- J. Siva Kumar

Q: Sir, without using direct speech(or) reported speech can anysentence be written like this inany situation:

She said, she knew that what was happen-ing there.

A: She said she knew what was happeningthere (not, 'that what was happeningthere') - Correct. This is in the indirectspeech, isn't it? Nothing wrong here.

M. SURESAN

Q: Sir, please explain the following idioms:1. Behind the scenes 2. In a nutshell3. Redtapism

A: Behind the scenes = Things that takeplace without most people knowing aboutthem, and totally different from what ishappening publicly. (ûÁ®Ω-¢Á-†’éπ ïJÍí N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ – ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí N≠æ-ߪ÷©’.)

Eg: A lot of things happened behind thescenes though people were thinking theyknew what was going on. (ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-†oNûª´’èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’ç-úø-í¬ØË, ûÁ®Ω-¢Á-†’éπ î√™«¶«íÓûªç †úÕ-*çC.)

★ In a nutshell = Very briefly (èπ◊x°æhçí¬.)★ Redtapism = The unnecessary delays

caused, because of unnecessary rules,especially in government departments.(v°æ¶μº’ûªy E•ç-üμ¿-†© ´™x, àüÁjØ√ ï®Ω-í¬-Lq†B®Ω’´™x, v°æ¶μº’-ûªy-̈ »-ê™x ïJÍí ñ«°æuç.)

- Peddapati Sankaraiah

Q: Sir, what type of sentences do the sen-tences with modals belong to present orfuture?

A: It depends. I can do it - 'can do' here is verbwith a modal indicating the present or thefuture.

★ He could do it - 'could do it' here is a verbwith a modal indicating the past, and some-times the present. Modals can be of anytense.

Q: What is the pronunciation of Nick Vujicic?A: It is pronounced 'Nick Vujasik'.

887

- T. Mohan Krishna, Kadapa.

The boy ran off..

Ææ®Ω-üΔí¬ îËÊÆC... Hobby

He is off dutytoday.

- Murali, Uday.I was ableto locate thebuildingeasily.

Whatyou saymakessense.

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 8 --¢Ë’ 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, £æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

- Batta Ramakrishna, Southmopur.

Q: Sir, please explain difference among thefollowing three words?1) Kudos 2) Congrats 3) Hats off

A: Kudos = Admiration / appreciation fromthe public a person gets for some achieve-ment. (ûÁ©’í∫’-™ ¨¡¶μ«≠ˇ ™«.) Kudos to himfor his wonderful action in the movie.

★ Congrats / congratulations = Personallyappreciating a person for their achievement.(ÅGμ-†ç-ü¿-†©’.) Congratulations on yourbeing selected for IAS.

★ Hats off = Praise or thank a person fordoing something helpful (¢Á’a-éÓ-´úøç/ éπ%ûª-ïcûª ûÁ©-°æúøç.) - Hats off to Ramu for arrang-ing the dinner in such a short period.

Q: Wet your whistle - Please explain themeaning of the sentence.

A: Have / take liquor (û√í∫úøç.) Let me wet mywhistle before we go out in the hot sun.

- Y. Vamsi, Hyderabad.

Q: Sir, please elucidate the following words.1. Pseudonym 2. Demonym3. Eponym 4. Spoonerism5. Solecism 6. Cacology

A: Pseudonym = A false name or a pen namewriters use mostly (éπ©ç-Ê°®Ω’ ™«çöÀ--C.)

★ Demonym = A word used for the people liv-ing in a place - Indians for the people livingin India, the British for the people living inBritain, etc. (¶μ«®Ω-B-ߪ·©’, ÇçÍíx-ߪ·©’ ´Èíj®√)

★ Eponym = A person's name given to theirdiscovery. (äéπ ´uéÀh éπ†’-èπ◊\-†o- -Åç-¨»-EéÀ ÖçúËÅûª-E Ê°®Ω’.)

Eg: Ohm - Unit of electrical resistance - thename of the scientist 'Ohm'.

★ Spoonerism = Mixing up of words in aphrase.

Eg: Instead of saying, 'cock crowing and girlblushing' (éÓúÕ èπÿߪ’úøç, Å´÷t®· Æœí∫’_-°æ-úøôç) if we say, 'Girl crowing and cockblushing' (Å´÷t®· èπÿߪ’úøç, éÓúÕ Æœí∫’_-°æ-úøôç), it is spoonerism. È®çúø÷ Åçûª-éπçõ‰áèπ◊\´ Ö†o °æüΔ™x äéπ °æü¿ç äéπ ¶μ«í¬EoÈ®çúÓ °æüΔ-EéÀ îË®Ωaúøç.

★ Solecism = A grammatical error★ Cacology = Using the wrong words and

pronouncing wrongly. (ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥-¢Á’i† ´÷ô©’,ûª°æ¤púø’ Öî√a-®Ωù.)

888

1. Objective = i) Goal (-©éπ~uç)Eg: My objective is to become a

software engineer in afamous company.

ii) (of a person) Not influencedby personal feelings or emo-tions / impartial (´uéÀh-í∫ûª ÅGμ-´÷†, üËy≥ƒ-©ûÓ EN’ûªhç ™‰èπ◊çú≈/ E-≥ƒp-éÀ~-éπçí¬.)

Eg: I want your objective estimate ofChandrababu Naidu's performance as aChief Minister. (´·êu-´’çvA îªçvü¿-¶«-•’-Ø√-ߪ·úø’ §ƒ©† ᙫ ÖçüÓ E-≥ƒp-éÀ~-éπçí¬/ ÅGμ-´÷†, üËy≥ƒ© v°æ¶μ«´ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ îÁ°æ¤p). DEéÀ´uA-Í®éπç Subjective.

2. Subjective = based on personal feelings orlikes and dislikes (ÅGμ-́ ÷†, üËy≥ƒ-©ûÓ v°æ¶μ«-N-ûª-¢Á’i†.) Subjective × Objective

Eg: His estimate of the star's performance inthe movie is totally subjective as he is thefan of the other star. (Åûª†’ ÉçéÓ û√®Ω ÅGμ-´÷E Å®·-†ç-ü¿’-´©x Ñ ÆœE-´÷™ éπü∑Δ-Ø√-ߪ’-èπ◊úÕ†ô-††’ í∫’Jç* Åûª†’ E-≥ƒp-éÀ~-éπ-¢Á’i† ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’çÉ´y-™‰úø’).

3. Immune = i) Not affected by certain dis-eases (éÌEo ¢√uüμ¿’-©†’ E®Ó-CμçîË ¨¡éÀh Ö†o.)

Eg: Polio vaccine makes children immune topolio.

Immune × Susceptible / vulnera-ble (¢√uCμ E®Ó-üμ¿éπ ¨¡éÀh ™‰éπ-§Ú-́ úøç.)

ii) Protect or exempted from any ruleor the effects of something (éÌEoE•ç-üμ¿-†©’ ´Jhç-îªE ÆœnA.)

Eg: Foreign ambassadors in a coun-try are immune to the law of thecountry they function in. (äéπü˨¡ç-™E NüËQ ®√ߪ’-¶«-®Ω’-©◊ Ç ü˨¡E•ç-üμ¿-†-©èπ◊ ÅB-ûª’©’.)

4. Allege = Claim or complain that somebodyhas done something against law (á´-È®jØ√àüÁjØ√ îªôd-N-®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬ î˨»-®ΩE Ç®Ó-°œç-îªúøç, ®Ω’V´¤™‰èπ◊çú≈.)

Eg: They allege that he committed the mur-der of the child yesterday (Åûªúø’ E†o ÇGúøf†’ £æ«ûªu î˨»-úøE ¢√∞¡Ÿx Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’ – ®Ω’V´¤Å´-™‰ü¿’.)

5. Occur = i) Happen (Ææç¶μº-Nç-îªúøç.)Eg: The earthquakes occur frequently in

South-east Asian countries. ii) To be found (©Gμç-îªúøç.)Eg: Gold occurs in South Africa.

Vocabulary

M. SURESAN

Q: Long jump event will be held at the cornerof the ground. Students will report to theteacher concern. - Is this correct sentence?

A: The correct sentence is: Long jump eventwill be ..... Students will report to theteacher concerned.

Q: Please tell me the meaning of phrase"more of one and no less of others."

A: More of one and no fewer of others - cor-rect = More of one thing, and the other,same as or more than the other thing.

- Bogi Ramana

Q: Sir, please explain the differences amongteaser, first look and trailer.

A: A teaser is a single scene of the movieshown before the release of the movie.

★ First look is the first wall-poster of themovie released by the producers.

★ A trailer is longer than a teaser and mayhave a number of scenes from the movie.

- Baratam Prathap Kumar, Srikakulam.

Q: Sir, how to ask time to someone in Englishin polite way?

A: What time is it, please? / Could you pleasetell me the time?

- B.Venkata ramana, Pendurti.

Q: My son is studying class VI. Kindly informthe steps and guidelines to improve thecommand on language, interest and skills.

A: Make him read short story books inEnglish, and talk to him as far as possiblein English. Let him watch English newstelecasts once a day.

- Navarapu Vijaykumar, Nalgonda.

Q: Sir, please explain different usages of 'cut' with examples.A: The usual meaning - to break something with a sharp instrument, usually a knife, and sep-

arate it into two or more parts.(éÓߪ’úøç.) Eg: He cut the bread into slices. ★ Reduce. (éÌ®Ωûª °ôdúøç/ ûªT_ç-îªúøç.) Eg: The boss cut his salary for the days he was absent

without leave. ★ Cut a deck of cards (Ê°éπ-´·éπ\© éπôd†’ éÓߪ’úøç)★ Bunk class (cut class) = •úÕ áíÌ_-ôdúøç★ Asking somebody to stop talking - cut that out (´÷ö«x-úøôç Ç°æ-´’-†úøç.)

There are a number of phrasal verbs like cut down, cut out, cut through, etc. Refer to adictionary for the meanings of these expressions.

- Krishna T

Q: Sir, What is the meaning of 'plight' andhow to use it?

A: A difficult or a dangerous situation (--ü¿’Æœ--n-A.)The plight of the children who have losttheir parents is pitiable.

Q: What is the meaning of 'laxity'?A: Negligence (ÖÊ°éπ~/ °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç.) The

laxity of the officers in checking corrup-tion is surprising (ÅN-F--AE Åü¿’-°æ¤-îË-ߪ’-úøç™ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’© ÖÊ°éπ~ Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC.)

Q: Where to use 'ironically'?A: Different from or opposite to what we

expect. I thought he would help me, butironically, I had to help him. (´’†ç îÁ-•’-ûª’†o/ ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o üΔEéÀ N®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬ ï®Ω-í∫úøç.)

- S. Sandeep, Visakhapatnam.

Q: Sir, please explain the following idiomswith usage.

(a) The small hours.(b) Take a leaf out of one's book(c) Draw a long bow(d) Pros and cons (e) Brazen-faced man

A: a) The early hours of the morning - from2 AM till 6 or 7 AM.

b) Follow somebody's example. We shouldtake a leaf out of Gandhi's book. (äéπ-JE Çü¿-®Ωzçí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.)

c) To exaggerate. He drew the long bow of theentertainment value of the movie (Ö†oCáèπ◊\´í¬ îËÆœ îÁ°æpúøç – íÓ®Ωç-ûª©’ éÌçúøç-ûª©’ îËÆœîÁ°æpúøç.)

d) The advantages and disadvantages of some-thing (äéπ-üΔE ´’ç*-îÁ-úø’©’/ ™«¶μº-†-≥ƒd©’.)

e) Unashamedly bold man (Æœí∫÷_ áí∫÷_ ™‰èπ◊çú≈¢√∞¡x-éÀ≠ædç ´*a-†ô’d îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.)

- Murali Katakam

Q: Sir, could you explain where we use "Havehad and Had had" structures in Teluguexamples.

A: a) Having something sometime in the past(Time not stated.)

Eg: I have had a car (in the past, but not clearwhen exactly) (Ø√èπÿ é¬®Ω’ ÖçúËC – á°æ¤púø’ÖçúËüÓ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’.)

b) Having something from sometime in thepast till now. (éÌçûª-é¬©ç ´’†-Íé-üÁjØ√ Öçúøôç)

Eg: I have had a car for the past two years. (=starting two years ago till now / even now– í∫ûª È®çúË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ Ø√èπ◊ é¬®Ω’ ÖçC.)

c) If you use, just / just now, action just com-pleted: Eg: I have just had a cup of coffee, Idon't want anymore. (鬰∂‘ É°æ¤púË -û√í¬-†’,ÉçéÌü¿’l.)

★ 'Had had' is the past perfect tense of 'have' -tells us of our possessing something, beforewe possessed something else.

Eg: I had had a bike before I bought this car.(Till sometime ago I had a bike. Later Ibought this car.) (Ñ é¬®Ω’ é̆-éπ-´·çü¿’ Ø√èπ◊¶„jé˙ ÖçúËC – È®çúÕç-öÀF éπLT Öçúø-ôç™, ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-üΔEo éπLT Öçúø-ö«Eo had had ™ -îÁ-•’--û√ç).

- U.R.L Rao

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

Kudos to him for hiswonderful action inthe movie.

I had had a bikebefore I bought thiscar.

Kudos to him ...

'Small hours' -Åç-õ‰-...?

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 15 --¢Ë’ 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, £æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net889

1) Obscure = a) Unknown (á´-Jéà ûÁL-ߪ’E)Eg: He lives in an obscure little village. ★ Obscure × Famous / Well-known.b) Not easily understood (Åçûª Ææ’©’-́ ¤í¬

Å®Ωnç é¬E)Eg: i) Some modern artist's paintings are

obscure.ii) Her writings are obscure. (-Ç-¢Á’

®Ωîª-†©’ Åçûª Ææ’©’-´¤í¬ Å®Ωnç 鬴¤.)

★ Obscure × Obvious (Easily understood- (ûËô-ûÁ-©xçí¬ Ö†o.)

2) Illusion = A false impression (v¶μº´’/´÷ߪ’)

Eg: He was under the illusion his sons wouldsupport him in his old age. (´%üΔl¥-°æuç™ûª† éÌúø’-èπ◊©’ ûª††’ îª÷≤ƒh-®ΩØË v¶μº´’™ ÖçúË-¢√-ú≈-ߪ’†.)

★ Illusion × Reality (¢√Ææh´ç)3) Competent = Efficient and capable

(≤ƒ´’®Ωn u-´·†o.)Eg: The boss has chosen him for the job

because he is competent at doing suchthings.

★ Competent × Incompetent / inept (≤ƒ´’-®Ωn uç-™‰E)

4) Complacent = Pleased with your achieve-ments and not desiring anything more.(≤ƒCμç-*† üΔEûÓ Ææçûª%°œh °æúøôç.)

Eg: She is quite complacent about her marksand has no intention of working harderto score better.

★ Complacent × Discontented / dissatisfied /restless (-ÅÆæç--ûª%°œhí¬ -Öç-úø-ôç)

5) Venture = a) A new activity, usually abusiness, which is risky. (éÌûªh ¢√u°æéπç,´÷´‚-©’í¬ äéπ ¢√u§ƒ®Ω v°æߪ’ûªoç.)Eg: They want to start two or three ven-

tures in the new capital area of AP. b) Do something that is risky (v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-

¢Á’i† °æE Å®·Ø√ üμÁj®ΩuçûÓ îËߪ’úøç.)Eg: She was the first woman to venture

into outer space. (≤ƒ£æ«-ÆæçûÓ/ v°æ´÷-üΔ-©†’ ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Åçûª-J-éπ~ç-™éÀ ¢ÁRx†¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´’£œ«∞¡ Ç¢Á’.)

★ Venture × Play safe (avoid taking risks -v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† v°æߪ’-û√o©’ îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.)

Vocabulary- Dr. K. S. Raja Rao

Q: Sir, please explain differentmeanings of the wordUPFRONT in Telugu andEnglish and its usage.

A: a) At the front of something / infront of something. (--́ ·ç-ü¿’ç-úø-ôç)Eg: He usually plays upfront in

all the foot-ball games his team plays. b) Payment in advance (Åú≈yØ˛q É´yúøç) -

The building owner demands twomonths' rent upfront (as advance.)

c) Bold, honest and frank (üμÁj®Ωuçí¬,†´’téπçí¬, Eñ«-ߪ’-Bí¬ Öçúøôç) - He isalways upfront (honest, frank and bold)in his dealings with others.

Q: Explain about get start / get started usage. A: Explain is not followed by 'about' - your

question should be, explain 'get start' etc.a) Get start - this is a wrong expression. We

don't use it. ★ Get started = Begin (v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-îªúøç). Eg: Come on, get started on your prepara-

tion for the exam. Q: Sir, please translate the below sentences in

English.

i) -°æ-E -¢Á·-ü¿-©’ °-ôdç-úÕ/ °æ--E-™-éÀ -Cí∫ç-úÕ.ii) -¢√-úÕéÀ -Åç-ûª Æ‘-Ø˛ -™‰-ü¿’.A: i) Start the work / Get down to

work.ii) He is not capable of that.

- Alia S

Q: What is the difference between"think and believe"?

A: Think means to use your mind and have anopinion and idea. (ņ’-éÓ-´úøç/ Ç™-*ç-îªúøç.)

Eg: I think he will help me. (= I have an opin-ion / idea that he will help me.

★ Believe means to think that something isright or wrong, or somebody is good or bad- form an idea about something or some-body. (†´’túøç.)

Eg: I believe what he says = I think what hesays is true. (Åûª†’ îÁ°œpçC ؈’ †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o†’.)

Q: What is the difference between "certainand sure"?.

A: Certain = sure = having no doubt aboutsomething (éπ*a-ûªçí¬). I am sure / certain itwill rain today.

M. SURESAN

Certain,Sure --́ ’-üμ¿u -ûË-ú≈..?

- Ramesh, Nalgoda

Q: Sir please translate the following sentencein Telugu."The police launched a manhunt for themwith three parties 'being' sent towardsNizamabad".

A: The police have started searching for themen in a big way (= launched a manhunt)with their sending three parties towardsNizamabad. (§ÚM-Ææ’©’ Eñ«-́ ÷-¶«-ü˛èπ◊ ´‚úø’ïôx†’ °æç°œç* ¢√∞¡x-éÓÆæç °ü¿l-á-ûª’h-† ¢Áûªéπ-úøç¢Á·ü¿-©’-°ö«d®Ω’.)

Q: Sir, please give the different kinds ofexamples using the word 'being'.

A: I am being confused = Something / some-one is confusing me - NOW. (É°æ¤púø’ †ØËoüÓí∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ-∞«-EéÀ í∫’J-îË-≤ÚhçC.)

★ He is being punished (Åûªúø’ PéÀ~çîª-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ – É°æ¤púø’) = Someone is punishing him(Right NOW.)

★ They are being sent out of class (¢√∞¡x†’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ °æç°œç-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ – É°æ¤púø’) = The teacheris sending them out of the class - NOW.

★ Is being confused, is being punished, etc.,are the passive forms of am / is / are con-fusing - actions taking place NOW.

Q: Sir, please give example sentences in usingthe following words:i) in which ii) for whichiii) after which iv) by which v) with which

A: i) This is the box in which I keep mymoney. (à °õ„d™ Å®·ûË Øˆ’ úø•’s °úø-û√ØÓ ÅC.)

ii) This is the property for which the twobrothers are fighting. (à ÇÆœh éÓÆæ-¢Á’iûË)

iii) üËE ûª®√y-ûÁj-ûË: Sankranthi is the festivalafter which the course of the sunchanges.

iv) üËE üΔy®√ Å®·ûË: This is the method bywhich you can solve the problem easily.

v) üËEûÓ Å®·ûË: This is the gun with which hekilled his enemy.

- Y. Vamsi, Hyderabad.

Q: Sir, please corroborate the following sen-tences.1) Bag of whole tricks.2) Name of the game. 3) Eager Beaver.4) School of hard knocks. 5) A for effort.6) Give the game away.

A: 1) A whole bag of tricks (not, 'a bag ofwhole tricks') = All methods / all tricks /all techniques - used to achieve some-thing.

Eg: I have used my whole bag of tricks tomake my father agree to my marrying thatgirl but I failed.

2) Name of the game = the most important part/ the most important quality that you need.

Eg: The name of the game to succeed in anycompetitive exam is real hard work andthe guidance of experts.

3) Eager beaver = a person who is ready towork hard.

Eg: He is an eager beaver and is sure to suc-ceed in the civil services exam.

4) School of hard knocks = learning things ina difficult and unpleasant manner.

Eg: He did not have a proper education, butlearnt things from the school of hardknocks and became the prime minister ofthe country.

5) A for effort = Praising somebody for tryinghard to do something, though without suc-cess.

Eg: You could not do the job well, but I willgive you an 'A for your effort' (Praise youfor trying hard)

6) Give the game away = tell / reveal to othersa plan / secret and spoil the surprise.

Eg: We wanted to surprise her by pretendingnot to know it was her birthday, but Ramgave the game away (told her about ourplans.)

- Madhu Thota

Q: Sir, I would like to learn spoken English.But I am not understanding from where tostart. Can you please suggest me a way tolearn Spoken English?

A: Begin talking in English to people whoknow and understand English. Read shortstory books, English news papers, andwatch English news telecasts. www.eenadupratibha.net

'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

- Upender Katabathini

Q: Sir, please explain the meaning and usageof the following words.1) Chutzpah 2) Abate

A: 1) Pronounced 'hutspa' = shockinglyshameless behaviour (Æœí∫÷_-áí∫÷_ ™‰èπ◊çú≈´’†èπ◊ ûÓ*† Nüμ¿çí¬ àü¿-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ ÅC îËߪ’úøç.)

2) Abate = to be reduced. (-ûªí∫_-úøç) - -Thefloods have abated. (´®Ω-ü¿©’ ûªí¬_®·.)

★ The heat this season shows no sign ofabating (Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ áçúø©’ ûªí∫’_-´·êç°æõ‰d Ææ÷îª-†©’ éπE-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’.)

- Jyoshna Reddy

Q: Sir please explain the differencesbetween the two sentences.1) Interpersonal and soft skills2) Intellectual and spiritual

A: 1) They are both more or less the same.They include Communication skills,Decision-making, Self-motivation,Leadership ability, Team working,Creativity and Problem-solving, andTime management.

2) Intellectual means connected with ourintellect (¢Ë’ü∑¿Ææ’qèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†).

★ Spiritual means connected with our soul,like, our good qualities, and our sense ofmorals, etc. (ÇüμΔu-At-éπ-¢Á’i†.)

É°æ¤púø’ -ï®Ω’í∫’-ûª’ç-õ‰.. being

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 22 --¢Ë’ 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, £æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net890

1) Vital = a) Absolutely (totally / completely)necessary / extremely important (éé-éπ-¢Á’i† /ÅA ´·êu-¢Á’i†).

Eg: A strong opposition is vital to the prop-er functioning of a democracy. (v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’uç ÆæJí¬_ °æEîËߪ÷©çõ‰ •©-¢Á’i† v°æA-°æéπ~ç î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç / éééπç.)

b) Important for living. (•A-Íéç-ü¿’èπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i†)

Eg: i) The heart is a vital organ (organ - Å´-ߪ’´ç) - important for life of thehuman body.

ii) Oxygen is vital for life (v§ƒù-¢√-ߪ·´¤@N-û√-EéÀ î√™« Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’içC.)

Vital × Unimportant (Åçûª Å´-Ææ®Ωç -™‰-E)/inessential

2) Constant = a) Unchanging / steady (E©-éπ-úøí¬ Ö†o/ E¨¡a-©-¢Á’i†/ ´÷®Ω’p-™‰E.)Eg: His body temperature has been con-

stant for the past two days. (ÅûªE ¨¡K®ΩÖ≥Úg-ví∫ûª í∫ûª È®çúø’ ®ÓV-©’í¬ E©-éπ-úøí¬ÖçC – £«îª’a-ûª-í∫’_©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈.)

b) Unchangingly faithful (E¨¡a-©- -N-üμË-ߪ’-ûª)Eg: Lakshmana remained a constant

follower of his brother Rama. (ûª† ņoÅ®·† ®√´·-úÕE ©éπ~ t-ù’úø’ Åîªç- NüμË-ߪ’-ûªûÓ Å†’-Ææ-Jç-î√úø’.)

Constant × Fickle (îª°æ© *ûªhç)/ fluctuating(éπ~ù-éπ~-ù«-Eéà ´÷Í®)/ unsteady (E©-éπúø ™‰E)

Eg: He is fickle and changes his mind everyminute. (Åûª†’ æ-©-*-ûª’húø’ Åçü¿’Íé EN’≠æEN’-≥ƒ-EéÀ ÅûªE ´’†Ææ’ ´÷®Ω’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.)

3) Greedy = Avaricious / Desiring too much(ü¿’®√¨¡ Ö†o / Çvûªç Ö†o) (Greed = Avarice= ü¿’®√¨¡)

Eg: Most politicians in India are greedy forpower and wealth = ¶μ«®Ω-ûª-üË-̈ ¡ç-™E î√™«´’çC ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-Ø√-ߪ’-èπ◊©’ ÅCμ-鬮Ωç °æôx, úø•’s°æôx ü¿’®√¨¡ Ö†o-¢√∞Ïx.Greedy × Generous (Liberal) (-Ö-üΔ®Ω í∫’ùçÖ†o)

Eg: Karna was very generous in granting

others' wishes. (éπ®Ω’gúø’ Éûª-®Ω’© éÓJ-éπ-©†’B®Ωaúøç™ -Ö-üΔ®Ω í∫’ùç Ö†o-¢√úø’.)

4) Glitter = Shine brilliantly (usually withreflected light - ûª∞¡-ûª∞¡ ¢Á’J-Æœ-§Ú-´úøç)

Eg: The silver plate is glittering in the brightlight of the sun (Ç ¢ÁçúÕ °æ∞Îxç Ææ÷®Ωu-é¬ç-A™üμ¿í∫-üμ¿í¬ ¢Á’J-Æœ-§Ú-ûÓçC.)Glitter × Dullness (¢Á’®Ω’°æ¤ ™‰E)

Eg: The dullness of the old aluminium platewas the opposite of the glittering of thesilver plate.

5) Gloomy = Dark and poorly lit, causingdepression (E®√¨¡ éπL-TçîË *®Ω’ <éπöÀ)

Eg: a) The room was so gloomy that we couldnot see anything clearly. (¢Ë’ç àO’Ææp≠ædçí¬ îª÷úø-™‰-†çûª <éπ-öÀí¬ ÖçüΔ í∫C.)

Gloomy × bright (v°æé¬-¨¡-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†)b) With all his near and dear dead, he led a

gloomy life. (ûª†-¢√-∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ §Ú´-úøçûÓ Åûª†’î√™« E®√-¨»-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† @N-û√Eo í∫úÕ-§ƒúø’.)Gloom = Darkness / Depression (<éπöÀ/E®√¨¡)

Eg: a) Not much could be seen in that gloom.(Ç <éπöx Åçûªí¬ àO’ éπE-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’)

b) His wife died filling his life with gloom.(ÅûªE @N-û√Eo E®√-¨¡ûÓ Eç°æ¤ûª÷ ÅûªE ¶μ«®Ωu -îª--E§Ú®·çC.)

Vocabulary

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

- Venkat NJ

Q: Sir, please tell me the meaningof the sentences...

Ramu left for town & Raghu leftto village. A: Left for = V2 / past tense of

leave for = start for a place =(•ßª’©’üËJ ¢Á∞¡xúøç.)

★ 'Leave' and so 'left' are always followed by'for' and never by 'to'. So Raghu left to the vil-lage is wrong. It should be left for the village.

- Vamsi Yalamanchili, Hyderabad.

Q: Sir, please explain different usages of thesewords "Subtle" and "Prompt" with exam-ples.

A: 'Subtle' has a number of meanings: a) Not easily understood (Åçûª Ææ’©’-´¤í¬ Å®Ωnç

é¬E) - There is a subtle difference in mean-ing between the two words clever and sharp(intelligent). (Ææ’©’-´¤í¬ Å®Ωnç é¬E ûËú≈)

b) Not easily seen - The room was filled withsubtle lighting. (Ææ’©’-´¤í¬ éπE-°œç-îªE – Ç í∫C-™éÀ ¢Á©’í∫’ ᙫ ´Ææ’hçüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.)

c) Cunning and crafty (¢Á÷Ææ-°æ‹-J-ûª-¢Á’i†) - Hehas subtle plans to take over as the nextchief minister.

★ Prompt has more than one meaning.. Lookat the following:

a) Without delay - punctually. He is veryprompt in attending to his duty.

b) Encourage someone to do something (°æ¤J-íÌ-©púøç): The desire for quick profits prompt-ed him to sell poor quality goods at veryhigh rates. (ûªy®Ωí¬ ™«¶μ«©’ í∫úÕç-î√-©ØË éÓJéπÅûªEo Ø√Æœ-®Ωéπç ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ áèπ◊\´ üμ¿®Ω-©èπ◊ Ţ˒tç-ü¿’èπ◊ °æ¤J-íÌ-LpçC.)

c) Supply a line or a word an actorhas forgotten. Such a lengthydialogue cannot be deliveredwithout prompting from thewings of the stage. (®Ωçí∫-Ææn-©ç -O’ü¿Ö†o †öÃ-†-ô’-©èπ◊ Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ ÅçCç-îªúøç stage Å´-ûª© °æéπ\ †’ç*.)

- E. Mahendra Nath Reddy

Q: Could you please explain the differencebetween "see" and "look" with examples?

A: 'See' means what appears to us when oureyes are open (´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œç-îªúøç).

★ 'Look' means what we try to see (´’†çv°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ îª÷úøôç.)

Eg: Look at the sky at night and you see thestars. (Ç鬨¡ç ¢Áj°æ¤ †’´¤y îª÷ÊÆh, Fèπ◊ †éπ~-vû√©’éπE-°œ-≤ƒh®·.)

Q: Sir, let me know the meaning of watch andsee. Is there is any difference?

A: To watch is to look at something veryclosely / carefully. (°æK-éπ~í¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªúøç).

★ For 'see' see above.Q: Sir, I had heard that the synonyms of the

word "confusion" was given as "At sea"and "At fix." Explain how the words "Atsea and At fix" were the synonyms of word"confuse?"

A: 'At sea' = confused = not know what to do/ not able to decide what to do = in a fix(not at fix). So you see that confused = notknow what to do = at sea = in a fix. (ÅöÉö ûË©’a-éÓ-™‰éπ §Ú´úøç.)

Eg: I am in a fix whether to continue in thepresent job in my home town or go for abetter job at a distant place. (Not able todecide = confused = at sea)

M. SURESAN

v°æߪ’-Aoç-* --îª÷ÊÆh... Look

- N. Tirupathi Rao

Q: Sir, please say the difference between fed-eration and union.

A: A federation is a group of states not neces-sarily of the same group of people looselyheld together by a central authority. Themember states in a federation can secede(separate) anytime they like. (éÌEo ü˨»©Ææ´÷êu – Ç ü˨»™x äÍé ÆæçÆæ \%A Ö†o v°æï©’Öçú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ¢√öÀ™x à ü˨¡-¢Á’iØ√á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ NúÕ-§Ú-´îª’a.)

★ A union, on the other hand, is a group ofstates held together by a central govern-ment, with the states having no right tosecede from the union. Further though eachstate may have its own government, thecentral government is more powerful thanany of the states. Matters such as defense,foreign policy, etc., are in the domain of thecentral government. (éÌEo ®√≥ƒZ©/ ü˨»© éπ©-®·-éπûÓ à®Ωp-úÕ† Ææçߪ·éπh ü˨¡ç. Ç éπ©-®·éπ †’ç*®√≥ƒZ©’ NúÕ-§ÚßË’ Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’. v°æA ®√≥ƒZ-EéÀv°æ¶μº’ûªyç Ö†o-°æp-öÀéà éÌEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ´÷vûªç Íéçvü¿v°æ¶μº’ûªyç ÇDμ-†ç™ØË Öçö«®·.)

- Thirumaleswararao Bitra, Hyderabad.

Q: Sir, can you tell me about the adjective ofafraid? I request to know the sentence for-mation with Telugu meaning.

A: 'Afraid' itself is an adjective = 1) Havingfear / anxiety.

Eg: a) The little girl is afraid of cats. b) The mother is afraid that something has

happened to her son.

2) Suspect (ÆæçüË-£œ«ç-îªúøç)Eg: I am afraid that he did not pass. (Ø√

ÆæçüË£æ«ç ¢√úø’ §ƒÆæ-´y-™‰-ü¿E.)3) Apologize. Eg: I am afraid I don't under-

stand. Could you explain it again? (éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ, ÅC ´’Sx N´-J-≤ƒh®√?)

- Divyaseshasree Deevi

Q: Sir, please define the words and give anexample. 1) Forlorn 2) Chicanery

A: Forlorn = a) Alone, unhappy and not caredfor (á´J ≤ƒEo-£œ«-ûªu´‚ ™‰éπ, îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ¢√∞Îx-´y®Ω÷ ™‰éπ äçô-Jí¬ Öçúøôç.) Living alone inher home the old woman led a forlorn life. b) A 'forlorn place' is a place which not

many people go to. A forlorn little vil-lage = a little village very few know andgo to.

★ Chicanery = Deceiving people by talkingand behaving cleverly (´÷ߪ’ ´÷ô-©ûÓ, °æ†’-©ûÓ, Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îªúøç.)

Eg: Most Indian politicians indulge in chi-canery to gain power and wealth.

Federation, Union

-´’--üμ¿u --ûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?

-Batta Ramakrishna, Southmopur.

Q: What is the difference between 'envelopeand envelop'?

A: 'Envelop' is a verb which means to coversomething / somebody in something.

Eg: a) Mothers envelop (cover) their babiesin soft clothes.

b) Clouds envelop (cover) the tops of tallmountains.

★ 'Envelope' on the other hand is a noun =cover usually made of paper in which wesend letters, parcels, etc.

- D. Mahesh, Guntur.

Q: "India's help has been sought for develop-ment of infrastructure or amenities in thesites that form part of the Ramayana cir-cuit".- In the above quoted lines why they are

using HAS BEEN? Please let me know differ-ent uses of has been. A: The verb in the sentence is, not 'has been'

as you think, but 'has been sought'(has been + PP / V3) - Passive voice.

★ 'Sought' here is the PP (V3) of seek = askfor. Has been + V3 is the passive form ofhas / have + V3 (PP). This verb is used fora past action, time not stated.

★ Has been = éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿öÀ †’ç* É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ Öçúøôç. (Used with he, she and it.)

I am afraid that he didnot pass.

His body temperaturehas been constant.

Mothers envelop theirbabies in soft clothes.

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 29 --¢Ë’ 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, -®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, £æ«-ߪ’-û˝-†í∫®˝ (-´’ç-úø-©ç), ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net891

Vocabulary

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

-äÍé -Ö-î√a®Ω-ù -Öç-õ‰.. Homophones

1. Host = i) One who organizes a programme(like discussions, etc) on the TV. (TV,Radio ™x Ωa-©’, Éûª®Ω 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©÷ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË¢√uë«u-ûª©’ - anchors.) Eg: Mr Prakash hosts the programme of

current affairs discussions on the TVChannel.

ii) One who has guests = ÇAü∑¿uç ÉîËa ¢√®Ω’.All his partners are attending a partythis evening. The managing partnerwill be the host.

Eg: He was the host of / played host to theparty that we attended yesterday. (E†o´’†ç ¢ÁRx† §ƒKdéÀ Çߪ’† ÇAü∑¿uç ´£œ«ç-î√úø’.) Host × Guests (ÅA-ü∑¿’©’)

iii) A large number (-ÅÆæç-ë«uéπ-¢Á’i-†) - There isa host of books on the subject (-Ç -N-≠æ-ߪ’ç -O’-ü¿ -ÅÆæç-ë«uéπ-¢Á’i-† °æ¤Ææhé¬-©’ -Ö-Ø√o®·.)

Host × few (üΔüΔ°æ¤ ™‰E)

2. Elite = A special class of society, especial-ly the richest, the most powerful, and themost educated class of society. (≤ƒ´÷->-éπçí¬ Ö†o-ûª-v¨Ï-ùÀéÀ îÁçC† ¨¡éÀh-́ ’ç-ûª’©’, NüΔu-Cμ-èπ◊©’ Å®·† üμ¿Eéπ ´®√_-EéÀ îÁçC-†-¢√®Ω’.)

Eg: Jawaharlal Nehru, the first PrimeMinister of India was a member of theelite class. Elite × Common / ordinary

3. Reveal = Open to view / show (îª÷°œç-îªúøç,•ßª’-ô-°-ôdúøç)Eg: a) When the curtain was drawn the

idol of the God was revealed. b) He revealed the secret to his close

friend, though he had promised to hiswife that he would not reveal it.

Reveal × Conceal (üΔîªúøç)4. Ensure = Guarantee (ê®√®Ω’ îËߪ’úøç)

Eg: Please ensure (= make sure) that weget the tickets for the show.

Ensure × Invalidate (éπ-*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´úøç)5. Enable = Help somebody do something

(Ææ£æ…-ߪ’°æ-úøôç.) Eg: The scholarshipenabled him to continue his studies. Enable × Prevent

- Sudeep

Q: Sir, please explain the difference between'while' and 'when', and in which situationswe use these words?

A: When and while are more or less the same.However, there is one difference. When wetalk of one long action and one short actionat the same time, we use, 'When'.

Eg: When the teacher entered the class, theystopped quarrelling.

★ While is used when we speak of two longeractions. Eg: While he was singing, she wasdancing.

- T. Mohan Krishna, Kadapa.

Q: Sir could you please explain the differ-ences among the following words:1) Sentence 2) Phrase3) Transitive verb 4) Intransitive verb

A: Sentence: A sentence is a group ofwords with complete meaning. Eg: He ishere - this group of words has completemeaning, so it is a sentence.

★ Phrase: A phrase is a group of worldswithout a verb. Eg: In the evening, afterschool hours, etc.

★ Transitive: We have explained theseterms a number of times. However, we areexplaining them again: A verb with anobject is a transitive verb. That is, if youput the question 'whom' (á´-JE?) or'what' (-üË-Eo?) to the verb and get ananswer it is TRANSITIVE.

Examples:

a) He met her yesterday. The verb here is,met. Met whom (á´-JE?) We get theanswer met her. So the verb 'met' here istransitive.

b) She bought a dress yesterday. In this sen-tence the verb is 'bought'. She bought what(üËEo?) - You get the answer, a dress. Sothe verb, 'bought' is transitive too.

★ Intransitive: A verb without an object isan intransitive verb. Put the question'whom' or 'what' to the verb. If you don'tget an answer the verb is intransitive.

Eg: We go there every day. The verb here is'go'. Go what (üËEo ¢Á∞¡xúøç?) / go whom(á´-JE ¢Á∞¡xúøç?) you get no answer. So'went' (go) is intransitive.

- T. Krishna

Q: Sir, what is the meaning of Pavlovian?A: Connected with Pavlov, the famous

Russian psychologist, very famous forhis theory on psychological condition-ing. This is psychology and cannot beexplained here.

- N. Tirupati Rao, Bobbili.

Q: Could you please advice the way toimprove writing skills and suggest thebooks for it.

A: Practising writing is the onlyway to improve writing skills.Read the newspaper. Take atopic (in the beginning lightones) and write your opinions onthe topic. Compare your writingwith what is written in the news-paper. This will help you toknow where you have gonewrong. Or take the help of a person whoknows English and show it to them. Taketheir suggestions.

★ There are a good number of books in themarket on writing skills. I will recommendsome books next time. Read them and fol-low what is suggested there.

Q: Sir, thanks for explaining the differencebetween federation and union. But mydoubt here is those words are used in theteachers unions i.e., APTF, UTF, STUAND PRTU. Some unions use the wordfederation and some use union. In thisregard how we can apply your answerhere. - Please explain.

A: Teachers' union means an association ofteachers. APTF is Andhra PradeshTeachers' Federation = A number of teach-ers' unions forming a single associationtemporarily for a purpose. UTF = United

Teachers' Federation - again anumber of associations joining toachieve something. So is the casewith UTF. STU = State Teachers'Union (only one). PRTU =Panchayat Raj Teachers' Union.

- Keerthi, Nandigama.

Q: Sir, please tell me which of thefollowing sentences is correctand explain why?

1) I wish, I DON'T have to do the exercise.2) I wish, I WEREN'T have to do the exer-

cise.A: The first sentence is correct. It means that

the speaker of the sentence wishes not tohave to do the exercise - now/ in the future.(¢√uߪ÷´’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰ – É°æ¤púø’ – áçûª-¶«-í∫’ç-ô’çC!)

★ The second sentence is wrong. Its correctform is: I wish I didn't have to do the exer-cise = The speaker is doing the exercise butwishes that he didn't have the need to doit. (¢√uߪ÷´’ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰ – í∫ûªç™– áçûª¶«í∫’ç-úËC.)

M. SURESAN

When, While -´’-üμ¿u -ûË-ú≈..?

- M. Hanumanth

Q: Let me know is the below sentence is cor-rect or not?

'I was in time'. Can we use in as preposition to describe

that I was before scheduled time?A: I was in time (for the function) = I was ear-

lier than the time of the function. I was ontime = I was exactly at the time that thefunction began. When you say, 'I wasbefore the scheduled time', there is no needfor any preposition.

- Revathi Krishna

Q: Sir, please explain the difference betweenego and self-respect.

A: Ego is a feeling of self-importance andsuperiority - trying to prove you are supe-rior to others - this is a negative quality.(-Å£æ«ç-¶μ«-́ ç)

★ Self-respect, on the other hand, is notallowing others to ill treat you or insult you,and trying to prove that you are as good asothers. (Çûªt-íı-®Ω´ç)

- Hemanth Saikiran

Q: Sir, I saw a sentence in news paper likethis "the panel had suggested that the sub-scribers will purchase a dwelling unit withloans from the bank."I think this is in indirect speech but he did-n't use would in the place of will - pleasetell me why?

A: The correct sentence is: The panel suggest-ed that the subscribers would purchase adwelling unit with loans from banks. Herethe question of direct and indirect speechdoesn't arise. This is reporting a recom-mendation made by the panel.

- E. Subba Simha Reddy, Badvel.

Q: Sir, I would like to know about the detailsof HOMOPHONES and their uses withsome examples.

A: Two or more words having differentspellings, different meanings but the samepronunciations are 'Homophones'.

Eg: 1) Bare (Cí∫ç-•-®Ω-¢Á’i†) and bear (¶μºJç-îªúøç/á©’-í∫’-•çöÀ)

2) Cent (´çü¿) and scent (Ææ’¢√-Ææ†)3) Lead (Æ‘Ææç – ™£æ«ç) and led (üΔJ îª÷§ƒ®Ω’)4) There (Åéπ\úø) and their (¢√∞¡x/ ¢√öÀ), etc.

- K. Visweswara rao, Srikakulam.

Q: Sir, please explain difference betweeninsolvent and bankruptcy. And Vijayamallya related to which one?

A: Insolvency is the inability of an individualor a company is unable to pay back theirdebts.

★ 'Bankruptcy' is a court, legally declaringthat a person / company cannot repay itsdebts because of losses and other reasons,that is, they are insolvent.

- Katiki Venkat

Q: Sir, please tell me the difference between'inequity' and 'iniquity'.

A: Inequity = Injustice / unfairness. (ÅØ√uߪ’ç)★ Iniquity = Immoral or grossly unfair. (ÅN-F-

A-éπ®Ωç/ ÅØ√uߪ’ç.)