Nuclear Physics in Spain: Applications

NUPECC Meeting, Sevilla 2012JM Udías (U Complutense, Madrid)

Nuclear technology

Medical physics

Environmental radioactivitymeasurements

∼20 groups and ∼100 people, some of them related/part of nuclear physics groups, many not.

U. ExtremaduraU. I. BalearesU. SalamancaU. Santiago C.U. Sevilla

Environmental radioactivity

National Monitoring Network:Collaboration with CSN (Nuclear Security Council) http://www.csn.es

U. SevillaCIEMAT

ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY MONITORING:

REM (Sampling StationNetwork) Radioactivity

PVRAIN (Radiologic Surveillance program in uranium mining, La Haba, Badajoz). Network) Radioactivity

background in water, air, soiland diet

uranium mining, La Haba, Badajoz). Radiactivity in water

Painting “in situ” analysis by X-ray

fluorescence

Paintings in caves “Abrigo dos Gaivões” y “Igreja dos Mouros” (Portugal)

Información: Alejandro Martín Sánchez. ams@unex.es

RADON MONITORING

Extremadura radon map

RADON IN WATER

Extremadura radon mapRadon in caves

Radon recording stations. Retrospective radon surveys

Información: Alejandro Martín Sánchez. ams@unex.es

•In-excess 210Pb datingJournal of Environmental Radioactivity 98(3), 229-250, 2007

0 5 10 15 20

depth (cm)

5.0

5.5

v (0-16 cm) = 5.6 ± 0.5 mm y-1

Techniques:

•230Th/238U dating via very-low-background and high-efficiency gamma spectrometry

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

ln(2

10Pb

xs)

/Pb

*

spectrometry

•14C by liquid scintallation of ultra-low-background

Indoor Radon measurements

Santiago University. They are involved in FAIRLaboratorio Análisis de Radiaciones LAR/USC

� Screening campaigns on Schools•Short period measurements

42 % of the centres with 222Rn concentrations above 300 Bq/m3

� Remedial actions• Determination of the 222Rn concentration with the mixing

J.J Llerena, D. Cortina , I. Duran, R. Sorribas 222Rn concentration in public secondaryschools in Galicia (Spain). Jour. of Envi. Rad. 101 (2010), 931-936.

J.J Llerena, D. Cortina , I. Duran, R. Sorribas An approach to the subslab depressurizationremedial action in a high 222Rn concentration dwelling“. Jour. of Env. Rad. 101 ( 2010)219-225.

• Determination of the 222Rn concentration with the mixing techniques (short and long period measurements)•Implementation of remedial action with effectiveness 90%

• Collaboration with the “Unidad de Calidad de la Construcción” of the “Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETcc-CSIC)” focus on indoor protection against radon. Revision of the Technical Code for new (and existing) cons

Relleno

Fayado

Habitación

Suelooriginal

AdaptadorFlexible

Extractor15W

Conducto PVCØ=75 mm

Conducto PVCØ=75 mm

Unión secciones

Radiological control in water and biota

Laboratorio de Análisis de Radiaciones LAR/USC

� Radiological content of waters for human consumption

R.D. 140/2003 Radiological criteria for waters of human consumption (gross α/β, tritium and Total Dose estimations)

• Collaboration with SERGAS (Xunta de Galicia) for the first screening of gross α/β in public water networks.

Important imbalances on the natural radioactive was observed and is presently under study with detailed alpha spectroscopyalpha spectroscopy

J.J Llerena, D. Cortina , I. Duran, R. Sorribas. Impact of the geological substrate on the radiological content of Galician waters. Jour. of Env. Rad. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.014

� Gamma measurements (natural and man made) in soils and mushroomsCollaboration with the AMIGA project (Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario -CETAL Foundation).

These activities make it easier for the nuclear physics groups to connect with society, gain visibility and approachability

A need is satisfied

It promotes contact with institutions

Environmental radioactivity

Good opportunity for groups far from the larger cities. Spain is alarge country with a high degree of locally managedadministration

Nuclear data and nuclear technology

CIEMAT-MadridIFICU Santiago de CompostelaUPC Barcelona

ADS transmutation

γγγγ

BaF TACactive target

(n,γγγγ) in Minor Actinides

BaF2 TAC

(n,f) in U

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 1E7 1E80.00.10.20.3

1

10

n_TOF James Lestone ENDF-B/VI

σ f, ba

rns

En, eV

234U(n,f)

PPAC assembly

Gamma Spectroscopy Group, IFIC Valencia

Accurate measurement of β–decay intensity distributions I β for reactor technology (decay heat) and reactor neutrino applications (antineutrino spectrum)

Total Absorption Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

Solving the γ-ray DH discrepancy in 239Pu

239Pu

Experiments at IGISOL-JYFL

A. Algora et al. PRL105, 202501

M. Fallot et al., arXiv:1208.3877

Modification of antineutrino spectrum: oscillation experiments and non-proliferation

Measurement of β–delayed neutron emission probabilities Pn for reactor kinetics (delayed neutron fraction) and applications in astrophysics (r-process element abundance calculation)

4 neutron counter BELEN (UPC-IFIC-Giessen)

Sensitivity study of isotopes relevant for Gen IV reactors

Uncertainties in Pn values (%)FP yields

Experiments at IGISOL-JYFL and FRS-GSI New Coordinated Research Project of the IAEA just launched on the topic

http://www-nds.iaea.org/beta-delayed-neutron/

Nββββ

95Rb

Nββββn

Current Experiments:Neutron-induced fission cross section and angular distributions of actinides

at the n_TOF-CERNL. Tassan-Got et al. CERN-INTC-2010-038, Diego Tarrío PhD (July 2012)

C. Paradela et al. CERN-INTC-P-213 (2012) Esther Leal PhD

θθθθ (0º -90º)

Nuclear data and nuclear technology

This is an activity mainly driven by nuclear physics groups

It has a high priority on the agenda of several main experimental nuclear physics groups

The institutional support is weak. Perhaps the spallation source in Bilbao will improve the situation

Medical Applications

CIEMATIFIC (CSIC-U. Valencia)UB BarcelonaUPC BarcelonaU Complutense (Madrid)

Land of specialized groups but with growing implication of groups from the nuclear physics network

U Complutense (Madrid)U GranadaU SantiagoU Sevilla

• Members:

• M. Anguiano, A.M. Lallena, D. Rodríguez (permanent)

• J.M. Cornejo, M. Gómez, W. González, A. Lorenzo, F. Simancas (local students)

• R. Barrios, G.M. Díaz, P.A. Mayorga (external students)• J. Almansa, R. Guerrero, D. Guirado, J.M. de la Vega, M.

Vilches (Hosps. Granada)• S. García-Pareja, I. Jerez, J.C. Ramírez (Hosps. Málaga)• S. García-Pareja, I. Jerez, J.C. Ramírez (Hosps. Málaga)

• Collaborations:• U. Barcelona (F. Salvat, J.M. Fernández-Varea)• U. Politécnica Cataluña (J. Sempau)• U. Essen, Germany (L. Brualla, W. Sauerwein)• Departamento de Electrónica, U. Granada (J. Banqueri, M.A. Carvajal, A. Palma)• U. Complutense Madrid (J.M. Udías)

• Development of a source model for clinical LINACs: photon and electron modes

• Response of dosimetry systems: ionization chambers, radiochromic film, diode/TLD/MOSFET dosimeters, etc.

• Analysis and test of variance reduction techniques: applications to Monte Carlo simulations of clinical LINAC dosimetry, detector response, Nuclear Medicine problems, …

Monte Carlo developments

Development of a MOSFET based dosimeter systemNew pMOS as dosimeter: Characterization of CD 4007

Texas Instruments (USA) 0.3 € and 100 nm of SiO2

New pMOS as dosimeter: Characterization of CD 4007

J. M. Cornejo, Master thesis 2011

1. The latest modification in January 2012allows reaching a magnetic field of 1.5T to bend electrons up to 20 MeV �

Medical Applications.

1.2

1.6

)

Old configuration New configuration

Mechanical components designed at the UGR and manufactured in Spain

Patent application submitted

2. Production of the β source (8Li with Q =12 MeV and T1/2 = 840 ms) isaccomplished at Centro Nacional deAceleradores (CNA) to test the device.

0 2 4 6 8 100.0

0.4

0.8

I (A)

B (

T)

• Members:

J.M. Udías, M.C. Martínez, L.M. Fraile (permanent)

• Collaborations:• UC3M (JJ Vaquero)• Hospital Gregorio Marañón (M. Desco)• UPM (A. Santos)• U. Granada (A. Lallena)• U. Granada (A. Lallena)

http://nuclear.fis.ucm.es

MC DOSE COMPUTATIONDOSE PLANING

III Jornadas CPAN, Barcelona 2011

STUDY AND DESIGN OF APPLICATORS FOR BEAM DELIVERY

Nuclear physics groups

Scanner design and optimization

Scanner characterization and calibration

Tomographicimage

reconstruction

ElectronicsElectronics

Fun

da

Fun

da

SiPMSiPM

LYSO

LYSO

Optical greaseOptical grease

TeflonTeflon

2222NaNaTests of new detectors

AA

A

A nuclear physics group

A

Applied Nuclear Physics at the Universityof Sevilla (non only-CNA-based)

Contact person for these activities:

José Manuel Quesada, María Isabel Gallardo, Miguel A. Cortés

http://atomix.us.es/institucional/geterus

U Sevilla

MedicalPhysics

Radiation Effects on Electronics

Full MonteCarlo simulation of medical accelerator linac

U Sevilla

RADIA Project : Development of a treatment verification systempartnering with CNA and with industry (INABENSA). Patentpending.

Winner within the section "Novel Technologies in Radiation Therapy" (ICTR-PHE-2012 Conference)

Planification Verification

WWinner within the section "Novel Technologies in Radiation Therapy" (ICTR-PHE-2012 Conference)

RADIA Project : Development of a treatment verification system partnering with CNA and with industry (INABENSA). Patent pending.

Preliminary resultsWWinner within the section "Novel Technologies in Radiation Therapy" (ICTR-PHE-2012 Conference)

Planification VerificationPreliminary resultsWWinner within the section "Novel Technologies in Radiation Therapy" (ICTR-PHE-2012 Conference)

• Ciemat has a large division devoted to medical applications and

electronics development

• One of the few places in Spain that can develop a whole accelerator

Working on table top microtron for IORT

Working on mini-cyclotron for PET isotopes

IIR&D collaboration with CERN representing a consortium (AMIT) of R&D collaboration with CERN representing a consortium (AMIT) of 9 9 companies companies

and and 14 14 research laboratories in Spain for the design and construction of a research laboratories in Spain for the design and construction of a

demonstrator of the smallest possible accelerator for producing medical isotopesdemonstrator of the smallest possible accelerator for producing medical isotopes

•• InstrumentInstrument developmentdevelopment: : BrainBrain--PET: PET: highhigh resolutionresolution

PET scanner PET scanner dedicateddedicated toto humanhuman brainbrain imagingimaging basedbased

onon MR compatible MR compatible monolithicmonolithic detectorsdetectors

RadiationRadiation ProtectionProtection

•• LeakageLeakage of of thethe Valencia Valencia

applicatorsapplicators: new : new designdesign

•• Bunker Bunker barrierbarrier calculationscalculations

forfor brachytherapybrachytherapy

BrachytherapyBrachytherapy

•• DesignDesign and and DosimetryDosimetry of of

HDR HDR sourcessources

•• DevelopmentDevelopment of of catheterscatheters

compatible compatible withwith MRIMRI

•• NucletronNucletron collaborationcollaboration

Image Reconstruction, Instrumentation and Simulations for medical imaging applications (IRIS)- Small animal PET prototypes

- Detector Development for future scanners

PETETEAX-PET

INSTRUMENT

IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION

TATION

MC SIMULATIONS

- New scanners models

Image Reconstruction, Instrumentation and Simulations for medical imaging applications (IRIS)

Compesation of image degradation phenomena, example motion corretion (to correct for unvoluntary movements, such respiration or cardiac)

New application: ENVISION, dose monitoring during particle therapy treatment by means of a Compton Camera that collects prompt gamma

Applications in Medicine

An increasing number of nuclear physics groups in Spain starttalking nuclear medicine. After all, it is nuclear physics,electronics and nuclear detectors. It is a possible move oraddition for nuclear physicists

As probably in many other countries, being multidisciplinary, doesnot have a clear slot for institutional funding

Centers with critical mass have specialized teams which makeCenters with critical mass have specialized teams which makedifficult fine grain collaborations with nuclear physics groups

Small groups make easier to count everyone in

Requires large collaborations, clinical partners, companies

It may provide funding schemes alternative to institutional grants