„SŁOWA USZCZYPLIWE”, „SŁOWA NIEUCZCIWE”.

JĘZYK SPORÓW SĄDOWYCH I RUSKA POLEMIKA

Summary

This is a Polish translation of an article by David Frick entitled: ‘Słowa usz- czypliwe,

słowa nieuczciwe: The Language of Litigation and the Ruthenian Polemic’ published in:

ΧΡΥΣΑΙ ΠΥΛΑΙ — ЗЛАТАЯ ВРАТА. Essays pre- sented to Ihor Ševčenko on his eightieth

birthday by his colleagues and students [P. Schreiner, O. Strakhov (ed.), Cambridge,

Mass. 2002, „Palaeo- slavica” vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 122–138]. The author – an eminent

expert in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth culture and literature – analyses the

protestations of the citizens of seventeenth-century Vilnius and explores thor- oughly

the language of litigation of the time. Frick focuses also on the writings of Meletij

Smotryc’kyj – the most outstanding seventeenth-century Orthodox polemicist. The

autor’s analyses lead to the conclusion that special formulas and rhetorical strategies

typical of the language of litigation were familiar to the Orthodox polemicist (after the

Union of Brest of 1596) as well as widely used in their writings.

O SIEDEMNASTOWIECZNYM KAZANIU MARYJNYM

COLUMBA GEMENS ET DOLENS... SYLWESTRA RODKIEWICZA

Summary

Sylwester Rodkiewicz’s Columba gemens et dolens... is the occasional sermon from the

second half of the seventeenth century, preached on the day when the indulgence was

applied, the celebration day of the Suffering Virgin Mary.

Due to the question if a printed text can be treated as a recorded form of the

preaching appearance, in the article, the expected function of the printed work was

defined as well as the composition of the piece was analysed. A part of the article was

devoted to the description of rhetorical operations used by the preacher, the role of

which was to lead to the main achievement – a persua- sive aim (the encouragement to

the passion piety, following the model of co- suffering Virgin Mary). These operations

included the construction of vivid statements and the introduction of preachable

conceits.

The conceit based on a metaphor presented in the title, played also an important

role as an element influencing the shape of extensive passages of the sermon. The

analysis of the work confirms the thesis concerning the depend- ence between the

sermon-conceit and the emblematic form. The audience is influenced both by the

conceit and the emblem, which is based on the same mechanism – in the course of the

disquisition, the presence of the connection between initially contradictory elements is

shown.

„O ŁOTRZE PRZEKLĘTY, O ZDRAJCA NIEWIERNY, O WILKU CHWATAJĄCY” –

ZWROTY DO POSTACI W ROZMYŚLANIU PRZEMYSKIM

JAKO INNY OBSZAR TEKSTU

Summary

This article treats about apostrophes in Rozmyslanie przemyskie. In the past few years in

mediaeval studies began to appear the questions about what in this biggest oldPolish

Apocrypha is original, written by it’s author, and what is tak- en from the Latin sources.

Also began to appear the questions about the role of this text (treaty, story, mediatation)

and who was it’s author. It was pointed out, inter alia, that some parts of the text is

finished part of the sermon.

The author took a different, than previously indicated, area of the text. She selected for

analyses the apostrophes. She analyzed only those apostrophes, which are addressed

directly to the characters by the narrator – the independ- ent ones, and not those, which

are inserted into the mouth of the other per- forming character. Due to lack of Latin

sources, we can assume that they were written by the Polish author.

Out of the characters, to which the narrator speaks in these complex apos- trophes,

Judas is distinguished by the number of apostrophes and their con- tent. Invocations to

the traitor add not much to the plot, the reader of the apocrypha can learn few about

the Judas from them. They rather build the reader’s attitude to this villain, cause they

are very emotional. In addition, they refer to these defects of Judas, which can also

concerne people of all ages

– especially avarice and greed. Their language and content suggest that are the next –

next to two sermons – ready, prepared rhetorically, passages of the text that can serve

the work of preaching.

JUSTUSA LIPSJUSZA EPISTOLA ERUDITA

Summary

The paper is the presentation (as the transcription and translation of the text) of the

letter written by the humanist and classical scholar, Iustus Lipsius (1547–1606), and

entitled by its editor in Cracow Epistola erudita (1602). The rhetorical analyses of this

text is based on the Lipsius’s treatise Epistolica insti- tutio (The Principles of Letter-

Writing). The main problem concerns the role of traditional rhetoric in the letter writing,

especially if the letter is not reduced to a formal document, prepared using repeatable

formulas. Early modern epis- tolography (Petrarca, Erasmus, Lipsius, Vives) recovers the

ancient tradition of letter writing, according to which the letter is a kind of written

conversation. It gives unique opportunity to meet each other in the symbolic universe

of the text.

FILOZOFIA MORALNA W POLSCE I JEJ LINGWISTYCZNE PODSTAWY W ŚWIETLE

DEBAT HUMANISTÓW I SCHOLASTYKÓW

Summary

This essay investigates the correlation between ethical concepts and linguistic theories

as represented by mainly Polish scholastics and humanists during the Early Modern Age.

The point of departure is criticism of the secondary lit- erature and discussion of

typical problems faced by researchers of this period, e.g. a lack of modern editions and

the influential biased approach of previous studies of a Kantian bent. It has been argued

that linguistic surface structures (in particular differences between a rigid scholastic

style and an elegant hu- manist one) are not a reliable criterion to ascertain the

correlation in question. Therefore some texts have been analysed in terms of semantic

deep structures as reconstructed by L.M. de Rijk and J. Magee. By way of a conclusion,

epis- temological implications of radical bilingualism being a model example of humanist

dynamic semantic structures are compared to a theory of pluralism developed by M.

Lynch.