1. Reactions inaqeous solutions

2. Water 3. Water is polar +- 4. Forms adipole 5. Water is an excellentsolvent 6. Compounds that contain polar molecules Ionicsolids 7. Polar molecules ionisation:+ -HCl(g) H (aq) + Cl (aq) + - 8. Ionic solids dissociation: + - NaCl(g) Na (aq) + Cl (aq) 9. Solutions that conductelectricity are known aselectrolytes 10. Strong Weak Non- electrolytes 11. StrongWeakNon- High Low No [ions] [ions] [ions] Do notConduct ConductConductwell poorly 12. Conductivity depends on: Type of substanceSolubility of substanceConcentration of the ions in solution 13. Types of chemical reactions 14. Ion exchange reactions 15. Includes:Precipitation reactionsGas forming reactionsAcid-base reactions 16. Precipitationreactions 17. Precipitate forms when there is acombination of ions that can form a salt that is insoluble in water. 18. Solubility rules 19. Balanced chemical equationsfor precipitate reactions Formulae Chemicalofequation WordBalance reactants forequation & precipitate products 20. Testing for certain ions 21. Testing forhalides 22. -- -Cl , Br , I 23. AgNO3 (aq) and shake -Cl White precipitateNitric acid Nothing happens: chloride 24. AgNO3 (aq) and shake -Br Cream coloured precipitate Nitric acid Nothing happenes bromide 25. AgNO3 (aq) and shake-I Yellow precipitateNitric acidNothing happens iodide 26. Testing forSulphates 27. BaNO3 (aq)White precipitate Nitric acidNothing happens: sulphate 28. Testing forcarbonates 29. BaNO3 (aq)White precipitateNitric acidPrecipitate disappears: carbonate 30. Gasformingreaction 31. When ionsexchange, and a gasis part of the product. Acid and carbonate CO2Acid and metal H2 32. Acid-base reaction 33. Acid-baseneutralisation 34. Acid and metal oxide 35. Acid and a metal carbonate 36. Acid and a metal 37. Redox reactions 38. Reduction/oxidationreaction 39. Loss of electrons -oxidation 40. Gain of electrons -reduction 41. Metal displacementHydrogen displacementHalogen displacement 42. Tosummarise 43. When substances mix with water,they can dissolve. 44. When thesesolutions conductelectricity, they arecalled electrolytes. 45. Ion exchangereactions: Cationsand anions insolutions swop around. 46. Precipitation reactions:One of the products are insoluble. 47. Gas forming reactions:One of the products is a gas. 48. Acid-base reactions:Acids react to metal- ormetal-based substances to form H2