Rayman Manual Small

Socrates Exchange, March 2005

Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences

RayMan -Possibilities and Limitations

Email: Email: andreasandreas..matzarakismatzarakis@@meteometeo.uni.uni--freiburgfreiburg.de.de

Visual ManualRayMan Pro

Andreas Matzarakis and Frank Rutz



RayMan ProA Tool for Applied Climatology

Sunshine durationSunpaths

ShadowGlobal radiationMean radiant temperat.Predicted Mean VotePhys. Equiv. Temp.Stand. Effec. Temp.....

Easy environmentsComplex environmentsTopographyFish-Eye Hemisph. input/SVFMeteo dataClimate data....



The beginnings

Calculation of SVFCalculation of thermal indicesWindows based programUser friendlyEstimation of Tmrt



Components of the radiationbalanceI solar radiationD diffuse radiationR shortwave reflected radiation A longwave radiation of atmosp.E longwave radiation of surfacesEkm shortwave radiation human

H internal heat production

Icl clothing insulation

C convection

Qsw sweat evaporation

Qre heat flux respiration

nach G. Jendritzky

R

R

RC

Qsw

B

E E

Ekm

Qre

I

D

A

EE

HIcl

Energy balance applied Energy balance applied Energy balance applied on human on human on human beeingsbeeingsbeeings



Human-Biometeorological Assessment of the Thermal Component of Different Climates

atmospheric environment

- air temperature - vapour pressure - wind speed - short- and long-wave radiation from the whole surroundings (mean radiant temperature)

human beings - grade of activity - heat transfer resistance of the clothing

human heat balance - comfort equation by FANGER - model MEMI - model IMEM - ...

thermophysiological assessment indices - Predicted Mean Vote PMV - Physiological Equivalent Temperature PET - ...

assessment standards

results (maps, temporal variability, ...)

neutral conditions at 20 C



Human Energy BalanceUnder stationary conditions due to priciples of thermodynamics:total of

input energies = total of output energies

H + Q* + QH +QL + QSw + Qre = 0

H: internal heat production (metabolic heat production - heat loss due to physical (mechanical) work)

Q*: net radiation (radiative heat flux)

QH: turbulent flux of sensible heat (convection heat flux), interchange of sensible heat between the surface of the body and the ambient air

QL: turbulent flux of latent heat due to water vapour diffusion through the skin into the ambient air

QSw: turbulent flux of latent heat due to sweat evaporation

Qre: heat flux due to respiration (heating and humidification of respired air)



Threshold values of thermal indices PMV and PET for different grades of thermal sensivity of human beings and physio-logical stress on human beings

(according to Matza-rakis and Mayer, 1996)



RayMan Model Modelling mean radiant temperature

Estimation of thermal indices

Thermal indices Predicted Mean Vote PMV Physiological equivalent temperature PET Standard effective temperature SET*

Required data Air temperature Ta Vapour pressure VP Wind speed v Clothing clo Activity Act

Geo factors Topography Buildings Vegetation

Climatic factors Clouds Albedo Bowen-Ratio

Topography Buildings data, Vegetation data Input of horizon limitation Import of fish-eye-photographs

Output Sunshine duration Shade Short- and longwave

radiation fluxes Mean Rad. Temp. Tmrt Energy balance of the human body



VDI, 1998: VDI 3787, Part I: Environmental Meteorology, Methods for thehuman biometeorological evaluation of climate and air quality for theurban and regional planning at regional level. Part I: Climate. Beuth, Berlin.

VDI, 1994: VDI 3789, Part 2: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the short- and longwave radiation. Beuth, Berlin.

VDI, 2001: VDI 3789, Part 3: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the spectral irradiances in the solar wavelength range. Beuth, Berlin.



Tmrt is defined as the uniform temperature of a surrounding surface giving off blackbody radiation (=1) which results in the same radiation energy gain of a human body as the prevailing radiation fluxes which are usually very varies under open space conditions.

Mean Radiant Temperature



Tmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), Fp, SVF) S: Solar radiationD: diffuse radiationA: aldedoA: atmospheric radiationE: radiation of solid surfacesfp: projection factor (human)SVF: Sky View factorTmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), fp, SVF, shadow, multiple reflexion, turbidity,

clouds,)



Mean Radiant Temperature

Tmrt usually corresponds indoors to the air temperature, but at sunny locations outdoors it can be more than 30 K higherTmrt can be calculated by measurement of the short- and long wave radiation fluxes of the whole surroundingsTmrt can be modelled



Calculation of Tmrt

Tmrt = ( 1/ * (Ei + ak * Di/p )* Fi)0,25p : Emission coefficient of the human body (default 0,97)Di : diffuse solar radiation and reflected global radiationak : Absorption coefficient of the sun exposed Surfaces for short wave radiation



Calculation of Tmrt

Ei: long wave radiation, calculation by Ei = i* * Tsi

4( is the Stefan Boltzmann Constant 5,67*10-8

W/m2*K4, Tsi is surface temperature,i is Emissions coefficient)Fi: area of sky/surfaces



Calculation of Tmrt

Tmrt* = (Tmrt4 + fp * ak * I/( p*))

0,25

I: Radiation intensity of the sun on a surface perpendicular to the incident radiation directionfp: Projection factor, lies between 0,308 for 0 solar angle and

0,082 for 90



Calculation of Tmrt

The mean radiation flux SStr(in W/m2)

density absorbed by the human body is calculated as:Sstr = Wi *(ak*Ki + al*Li)

Ki and Li: stands for short- and long wave radiation fluxes (in W/m2) from the six directions (North, East, South, West, upper and lower hemisphere)



Calculation of TmrtWi: Weighting factors: In order to be able to calculate the radiation fluxes on the surface of a standing or seated person from the six individual measurements of the terrestrial and solar radiation respectively, the dimension less weighting factors Standing (resp. 0.22 for radiation fluxes from North, East, South and West and respectively 0.06 for the radiation fluxes from the upper and lower hemisphere)



Calculation of Tmrt

ak: Absorption coefficient of the human body for the short wave radiation

al:Absorption coefficient of the human body for the long wave radiation



Calculation of Tmrt

Tmrt = ((Sstr/ (al*)) 273,2)1/4

Emission coefficient p of the human body is equal the Absorption coefficient al (5.67*10-8 W/(m2*K4)) is the Stefan-Boltzmann-Constant



Unter a Tree E-W Southside E-W Northside

N-S Easside N-S WestsideUrban ClimateStation



v

RayMan Pro



Starting 1998First run: 1998Releases: 1.0, 1.1., 1.2, (1.3), RayMan ProEnd: ?



Development by University of FreiburgBilingual 1(DE/RN)Help only in EN



File: ExitInput: Option for Input of meteo and other dataOutput: Generation and Output of Dato/FiguresTable: Selection of output Parameters Language: Selection of Language?: Help, Bibliography, Info, Website



Topography

Obstacles

Sky view factor

Data file

Additional pre-settings



Input/Import of topographical data

Clear/newOpen new fileSave file

Edit

Location

Produce your own topo file



Clear/newOpen new fileSave file

Add new obstaclesRemove obstaclesEdit obstaclesCopy obstaclePaste obstacleMove everythingZoom inZoom outSet yardstickMove locationImport map imageMove templateRemove template



Input of co-ordinates of vegetation

Deciduous tree

Coniferous tree



Input Co-ordinates Buildings/solid surfaces



Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Input: albedo and emission

Clear/newOpen new file

Save file

Grid in foreground

Limit edges

Limit clouds

Fill colour

Monochrome

Brush color

Select color

Show values

Color of selectedRGB

Run changes



Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Input: albedo and emission



Eingabe/Import fr freies Zeichnen/fish-eye Aufnahmen Eingabe: Albedo und Emissionsvermgen



Additional

settings

Import of meteorological/climatological

dataOutput formats (date, time)Bowen-ration inputs Albedo for surface Turbidity (automatical, individual)Ratio of diffuse raditionFog ** Transfer of Global radiation from other site



Import of meteorological/climatological

data

Soft keys



Diagram (Polar)

Diagram (Cylindrical not in operation)

Data table

Daily data

Shadow



Save file

Clear/new

Print file

Zoom inZoom out

Change time

Change increment

Output:

Obstacles/Sun paths


Meteorological InstituteFaculty of Forest and Environmental SciencesOutput:

Combination

of

fish-eye

and

buildings

and tree data



Output: Cartesian co-ordinates



Output: Sheet (for EXCEL)



Additional Excel Sheet

available

Output: Sheet (for EXCEL)

Daily calculations sunshine and global radiation



Output:

Shadow



Output:

Shadow

Save file

Clear/new

Print file

Zoom inZoom out

Change time

Change increment



Output:

Standard sheet

Additional Output:

MEMI sheet



Help

RayMan Homepage

Info

Bibliography



Bibliography Information



RayMan < 300 usersUniversities Companies/Govermental Countries

Gteborg, Freiburg, Bureau of Meteorol, Melbourne

Hellas, Germany, Swiss,

Kassel, Munich, Berlin,

CITMA, Cuba Austria, Japan, USA, UK,

Essen, Trier, Vienna, LANL, USA Canada, Australia, Israel,

Thessaloniki, Patras, CRES, Athens, Hellas Portugal, Spain, Italy,

Strassbourg, Lisboa, Croatian Weather Service Norway, Cuba, Argentina,

Sofia, Buenos Eyres, US Forest Service Brasil, Poland, South Africa,

Mendoza, Tel Aviv, Meteo Swiss Hungary, Netherlands,

Arizona, Madrid, IMA, Germany Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria,

Barcelona, Sydney, New Sealand, Algeria, India,

Warsow, Szeged, Sri Lanka, Costa Rica

Giessen, Colorado



Applications of RayMan

Urban Climatology full use

Landscape climatology full and part use (radiation)

Tourism climatology and tourism planning full and part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration)

Agricultural climatology part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration)

Forest Meteorology part use (radiation, sky view)

Human biometeorology full use

....



What is new

What is nor working (yet)



MEMI Integration with Output

Input- and Output formats (Date and time)

Input meteo files (soft keys), Missing values (default: 9999)

Sunshine duration in minutes

Turbidity (automatically or individual)

Buildings (Adaptation of Scans)

Urban Morphologies (a and ) for all all kinds

Polar input variable input von a und

More limits (a.e. no multiple inputs)

Daily (SD, G) with and without obstacles

New!



Not working vertical surfaces

Transparency/Porosity of vegetation

Input digital Atlas

Detail Help

Additional calculation of Tmrt (VDI, Hppe)



Summary

RayMan Model for calculation of radiation fluxes in urban areas (complex environments)Calculates SVF of urban structures (a.e. Buildings, Coniferous and deciduous trees) taking under consideration urban structures as geometrical properties



Summary II

Calculation of SVF via free drawing or fish-eye imagesCalculation of short- and long wave radiation fluxes (current, daily courses) Export of Figures/Graphs in diverse formatsCalculation of Tmrt and Thermal indices (PET, PMV. SET*)

RayMan -Possibilities and LimitationsVisual ManualRayMan ProRayMan ProA Tool for Applied ClimatologyThe beginningsMean Radiant TemperatureMean Radiant TemperatureCalculation of Tmrt Calculation of TmrtCalculation of TmrtCalculation of Tmrt Calculation of TmrtCalculation of TmrtCalculation of Tmrt RayMan < 300 usersSummarySummary II

Rayman Manual Small

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