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Cover page Solar Energy English

KHMER

REEPRO MANUAL esovePAemeronrbs; REEPRO REEPRO Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries

karCMrujkareRbIR)as;edayRbsiT§PaBnUvfamBlkekIteLIgvij kñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_rbs; REEPRO

Entrepreneurship for Experts and Trainers shRKinPaBsMrab;GñkCMnaj

nigRKUbeRgon

Solar Energy for Experts and Trainers famBlsULasMrab;GñkCMnaj

nigRKUbeRgon

Biomass Energy for Experts and Trainers famBlCIv³m:as;sMrab;GñkCMnaj

nigRKUbeRgon

Solar Energy for Technicians and Trainers famBlsULasMrab;Gñkbec©keTs

nigRKUbeRgon

Biomass Energy for Technicians and Trainers famBlCIv³m:as;sMrab;Gñkbec©keTs

nigRKUbeRgon

Entrepreneurship for Technicians and Trainers shRKinPaBsMrab;Gñkbec©keTs

nigRKUbeRgon

Level 1 Expert Training manual

kMrit 1 esovePAemeronsMrab;GñkCMnaj kMrit 1

esovePAemeronsMrab;GñkCMnaj Level 2 Technician Training manual

kMrit 2 esovePAemeronsMrab;Gñkbec©keTs kMrit 2

esovePAemeronsMrab;Gñkbec©keTs


KHMER




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nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


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The REEPRO project receives funding from the European Commission within the COOPENER Programme. The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European

Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

EIE-06-256 REEPRO

karCMrujkareRbIR)as;edayRbsiT§PaBnUvfamBlkekIteLIgvij

kñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_

GKÁisnIBnøWRBHGaTitü

esovePAemeron kMrit 2 sMrab;Gñkbec©keTs

eroberogeday bNÐit xaMpn Nan;favg; énsaklviTüal½yCatiLav

Exvicäika qñaM2008

Photovoltaic

Promotion of the Efficient Use of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries EIE-06-256 REEPRO 1

matika 1 RbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü ..........................................................................................................11

1>1 etIRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüCaGIV?.........................................................................................11 1>2 PaBdUcKñarvagRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü nigkarRtg;TwkePøóg................................................12 1>3 kareRbIR)as;RbB½næsULa .......................................................................................................... 14

2 GKÁisnI.........................................................................................................................................17

2>1 mUldæanRKwHGKÁisnI ..................................................................................................................17 2>2 rgVas;GKáisnI .......................................................................................................................... 32

3 pÞaMgkBa©k;GKÁisnIRBHGaTitü ........................................................................................................38

3>1 esckþIepþIm...............................................................................................................................38 3>2 kartbnÞHekasikaGKÁisnIRBHGaTitü........................................................................................39

3>2>1 kartCaes‘rI.....................................................................................................................39 3>2>2 kartCaExñg .................................................................................................................... 41

3>3 GVIeTACalTæplGKÁÁIsnIEdlplit)an......................................................................................43 3>4 Pöab;pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüEdlmanlkçNHdUcKña .................................................................46

3>4>1 kartCaesrI......................................................................................................................46 3>4>2 kartCaExñg .................................................................................................................... 47 3>4>3 kartCaExñg nigtCaesrI ................................................................................................. 47

3>5 karP¢ab;pÞaMgnImYy²EdlmanlkçN³epSgKña ............................................................................48 3>5>1 tP¢ab;Caes‘rI ....................................................................................................................48 3>5>2 kartCaExñg .....................................................................................................................50

3>6 kardMeLIgpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü ............................................................................................... 51 4 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü ...................................................................................................................... 52

4>1 esckþIepþIm............................................................................................................................... 52 4>2 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuy ..................................................................................... 52

Photovoltaic

2 Promotion of the Efficient Use of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries

EIE-06-256 REEPRO

4>3 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrGaKuy....................................................................................... 53 4>4 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü ................................................................................................................. 53

5 GaKuy.......................................................................................................................................... 55

5>1 esckþIepþIm ............................................................................................................................... 55 5>2 GaKuyGasuIt ........................................................................................................................... 55

5>2>1 lkçN³BiessénRbB½n§GaKuyBnøWRBHGaTitü...................................................................57 5>2>2 lT§PaBpÞúkbnúÞkGKÁuisnI ..................................................................................................57 5>2>3 kaEfTaMGaKuy ................................................................................................................ 63 5>2>4 kareFVI[GaKuymansmPaB............................................................................................ 64

6 ExScMlg ...................................................................................................................................... 65

6>1 esckþIepþIm ............................................................................................................................... 65 6>2 TMnak;TMngén)a:ra:EmtbNþajExSePøIg nigkar)at;bg;GanuPabGKÁisnI ...................................... 65 6>3 RbePTExSrePøIg .......................................................................................................................66 6>4 kareRCIserIsmuxRtwmRtUvénExS ...............................................................................................68

6>4>1 karKNnamuxkat;ExS ...................................................................................................... 69 6>4>2 kareRbIR)as;tarageRCIserIsExS..................................................................................... 71 6>4>3 eRbItarageRCIserIsExSsMrab;P¢ab;BI]bkrN_eRcIneTAGaKuy...........................................73 6>4>4 TMhMExSsMrab;]bkrN_EdledIredaym:UT½r ........................................................................75

7 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;......................................................................................................................... 80

7>1 esckþIepþIm ............................................................................................................................... 80 7>2 GMBUlGKÁisnI............................................................................................................................ 80 7>3 TUrTwkkk..................................................................................................................................81 7>4 TUrkøaes ...................................................................................................................................82 7>5 vIedGU nigTUrTsSn_ ...................................................................................................................82 7>6 viTüú nig]bkrN_esþer:GU .......................................................................................................... 83

Photovoltaic


7>7 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;epSg² .........................................................................................................83 8 karKNnaTMhMrbs;RbBn§½sULa .....................................................................................................85

8>1 esckþIepþIm................................................................................................................................85 8>2 karKNnaTMhMxñatRtwmRtUvrbs;pÞaMgsULa ................................................................................85

8>2>1 famBlGKÁisnI)at;bg; ....................................................................................................85 8>2>2 emKuNsMrab;pÞaMgkB©ak; ................................................................................................... 86 8>2>3 karkMNt;TMhMpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü ..................................................................................89

8>3 karkMNt;TMhMGaKuy................................................................................................................ 91 8>4 karkMnt;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü³ ...................................................................................................93 8>5 karkMnt;ExSr.............................................................................................................................94

9 kardMeLIgRbB½n§sULa ...................................................................................................................96

9>1 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;.....................................................................................................................96 9>2 kardMeLIgpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü ....................................................................................................96 9>3 kardak;ExSrePøIg ...................................................................................................................... 97 9>4 kartMeLIg]bkrN_RtYtBinitü ...................................................................................................99 9>5 kardMeLIgGaKuy ...................................................................................................................100

10 karEfTaMRbB½n§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü .............................................................................................. 101

10>1eskþIepþIm ............................................................................................................................. 101 10>2etIRtUveFVIGVIxøHkñúgGMLúkeBlEfTaM? ...................................................................................... 101 10>3c,ab;kñúgkarEfTaM (from UNESCO manual) ....................................................................... 102 10>4karkt;RtaTukBIkarEfTaM........................................................................................................105

11 rkbBaðaEdlekItmanelIRbB½næsULanigkarCusCul ................................................................... 106

11>1sckIþepIþm............................................................................................................................ 106 11>2RbePTénkarxUcrbs;RbB½næ ................................................................................................. 106

11>2>1TI1 RbB½næTaMgmUl ...................................................................................................... 106

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

11>2>2TI2 eRKOgeRbIR)as;mYycMnYnxUc..................................................................................110 11>2>3TI3³ RbB½nædMeNIrkar b:uEnþvaGs;famBlelÓneBk ................................................... 112

Éksareya ....................................................................................................................................... 122

Photovoltaic


bBa¢IrUbPaB rUbTI 1 RbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü (UNESCO manual) ..............................................................11 rUbTI 2 PaBdUcKñarvagRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü nigkarRtg;TwkePøóg A SIMILAR IDEA

(UNESCO MANUAL).........................................................................................12 rUubTI 3³ PaBRsedogKñarvagRbB½næpÞaMgkBa¢k;RBHGaTitünigTwkePøóg (UNESCO MANUAL) ........ 13 rUTI 4 mUldæanRKwHénRbB½næGKÁisnIRBHGaTitü nigkareRbIR)as; (SOURCE: FLORIDA ENERGY

CENTER) ............................................................................................................. 14 rUbTI 5 kareRbIR)as;famBlsULaxñattUc (KAMWORKS) ......................................................... 14 rUbTI 6 RbB½næsULatampÞHenAtMbn;KμanbNþajGKÁisnIkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn¾ ................................ 15 rUbTI 7 TUkfamBlsULa ............................................................................................................ 15 rUbTI 8 begÁalePøIgbMPøWpøÚveRbIfamBlsULa .................................................................................. 15 rUbTI 9 sßanIy_bþÚrsakGaKuypÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü (RETSCREEN.NET).................................16 rUbTI 10 karbUmTwkedayeRbIsULa (RETSCREEN.NET)...........................................................16 rUbTI 11 RbB½n§pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüP¢ab;CamYybNþajGKÁisnIxñattUc (RETSCREEN.NET)....16 rUbTI 12 RbB½n§pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüP¢ab;CamYybNþaj ............................................................17 rUbTI 13 PaBRsedogKñarvagsMBaFTwknigsMBaFGKÁisnI ...............................................................18 rUbTI 14 crnþGKÁisnIenAkñúgExScMlg............................................................................................18 rUbTI 15 bMBg;Evg manmuxkat;tUcmanersIusþg; lMhUrx<s; (UNESCO MANUAL) ........................ 19 rUbTI 16 bMBg; nig ExSEdlmanmuxkat;epSgKñaman ersIusþg;epSgKña............................................... 20 rUbTI 17 GnuPaBGaRs½yelIcrnþTwkhUr (UNESCO MANUAL).................................................21 rUbTI 18 GMBUlmUlsIuGnuPaBFMCagGMBUlPøúyGrersg...................................................................22 rUbTI 19 ]TahrN_ GanuPaB nigfamBl (ADAPTED FROM KAMWORKS) ........................ 25 rUbTI 20 TahrN_kareRbIR)as;famBlrbs;]bkrN_epSg² (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO

MANUAL)...........................................................................................................27

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 21 GaKuy2 tCaes‘rI ........................................................................................................ 28 rUbTI 22 GaKuy 2tCaExñg ....................................................................................................... 28 rUbTI 23 ]TahrN_ esoKIVGKÁisnI (KAMWORKS) ....................................................................29 rUbTI 24 crnþCab; [WWW.CIPCO.APOGEE.NET]................................................................31 rUbTI 25 bNþajEckcay famBlGKÁisnI AC (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL) ......32 rUbTI 26 elxepSgKñarbs; m:ulTI-EmRt ..................................................................................... 33 rUbTI 27 rebobvas;crnþedayeRbImu:l-TIEmRt (ADAPTED FROM KAMWORKS)................. 33 rUbTI 28 KNnacrnþkñúgbgÁúMCaExñg niges‘rI (ADAPTED FROM KAMWORKS) ........................... 34 rUbTI 29 karvas;tg;süúg ........................................................................................................... 34 rUbTI 30 karKNnatg;süúgcMeBaHbgÁúMCaes‘rI nigExñg (ADAPTED FROM KAMWORKS)........ 35 rUbTI 31 KNnaersuIsþg;smmUlenAkñúgbgÁúMCaes‘rI nigCaExñg (KAMWORKS) .............................36 rUbTI 32 TMrg;RKIsþarbs;sULa (DGS MANUAL)......................................................................38 rUbTI 33 ekasikasULapÞaMgkBa©k; nigkardMerobpÞaMgkBa©k; (RETSCREEN.NET) ........................38 rUbTI 34 kartCaes’rIrbs;3 bnÞHsULa (LEXSOLAR KIT) ....................................................... 39 rUbTI 35 karvas;tg;süúgénkartes‘rI (LEXSOLAR KIT)..........................................................40 rUbTI 36 karvas;crnþeBltes‘rI (LEXSOLAR KIT) ................................................................. 41 rUbTI 37 kartCaExñg (LEXSOLAR KIT) ................................................................................ 41 rUbTI 38 karvas;tg;süúgkñúgkrNItCaExñg (LEXSOLAR KIT)..................................................42 rUbTI 39 karvas;crnþrbs;bnÞHsULatCaExñg (LEXSOLAR KIT) ................................................42 rUbTI 40 RbsiTææiPaBénépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü ................................................................. 43 rUbTI 41 RbsiTæiPaBrbs;BnøWRBHGaTitü (UNESCO MANUAL & PV PRESENTATION) ........ 43 rUbTI 42 TItaMgrbs;RBHGaTitüEdlnwgRtUvpøas;bþÚreTAtamrdUv (SOURCE: DGS GUIDE) .............45 rUbTI 43 kartCaesrI nig tCaExñg ...............................................................................................46 rUbTI 44 kartCaes‘rI-Exñg énpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü............................................................................48

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 45 tg;süúgrbs;pÞaMgtUc²EdlmanlkçN³xusKñatCaes‘rI (LEXSOLAR KIT) .....................49 rUbTI 46 crnþqøgkat;pÞaMgxus²KñakñúgkrNItCaes‘rI (LEXSOLAR KIT)........................................50 rUbTI 47 crnþbgÁúMCaExñgrvagpÞaMgtUc²EdlmanlkçN³xusKña (LEXSOLAR KIT) ..........................50 rUbTI 48 karP¢ab;CamYyEdk\tERcsrWk¾vIsmansuvtßiPaBnigRbqaMgnwgPaBERcsnigPaB FUrrlug

(ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL)......................................................... 51 rUbTI 49 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuy (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL) ...... 52 rUbTI 50 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrbnÞúk (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL) ...........53 rUbTI 51 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL).................................54 rUbTI 52 DIy:UtBnøWén]bkrN_RtYtBinitühVÚkUsbgðajnUvkMritbnÞúkxus²Kñarbs;GaKuy

(KAMWORKS) ....................................................................................................54 rUbTI 53 GaKuyGasuIt-sMn Twk (KAMWORKS) .......................................................................55 rUbTI 54 GaKuyEdlmanpøakdac;BIKña (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL) .................... 56 rUbTI 55 RtYtBinitüTWkenAkúñugFug (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL)........................... 60 rUbTI 56 RtYtBinitükMritTwkGasIutCamYy]bkrN_GIuRdUEm:t (KAMWORKS)................................61 rUbTI 57 RbePTExSrcMlg (UNESCO MANUAL)....................................................................67 rUbTI 58 ExSePøIgEdlmanExScMlgBIr (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL).................... 68 rUbTI 59 ]TahrN¾énesoKVIbMPøWFmμtamYy (ADAPTED FROM KAMWORKS)......................... 70 rUbTI 60 RbEvgExSBitR)akd (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO MANUAL) ................................71 rUbTI 61 ]bkrN_ # RbePTRtUv)anP¢ab;eTAExSEtmYy (ADAPTED FROM UNESCO

MANUAL)........................................................................................................... 74 rUbTI 62 GMBUlGKÁisnI (A) GMBULMUL NIG (B) GMBULEMRT........................................ 80 rUbTI 63 dMeLIgGMBUlenAkEnøgEdlcaM)ac; ...................................................................................81 rUbTI 64 TUrTwkkksuIePøIgeRcInCag GMBUl .....................................................................................81 rUbTI 65 TUrkøaes....................................................................................................................... 82

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 66 TUrTsSn_ ..................................................................................................................... 82 rUbTI 67 viTüú nig ]bkrN_esþer:GU ...............................................................................................83 rUbTI 68 kgðar..........................................................................................................................83 rUbTI 69 tMNExSkñúgRbB½n§crnþqøas; minGacGnuvtþn_)ansMrab;RbB½n§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü (ADAPTED

FROM UNESCO MANUAL) ..............................................................................98 rUbTI 70 tMNRbePTvIs CatMNl¥sMrab;RbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü...........................................................98 rUbTI 71 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitütampÞH................................................................. 99 rUbTI 72 kartGaKuyminRtwmRtUv ..............................................................................................100 rUbTI 73 karP¢ab;eGayENn rbs;GaKuyLan...........................................................................100 rUbTI 74 bBaðaekIteLIgcMeBaHpÞaMgRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü ................................................................102 rUbTI 75 kartMeLIg nigkartMEhTaMpÞaMgRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü min)anRtwmRtUv (REEPRO SURVEY)102 rUbTI 76 kartMelIgPab;ExSnigtMelIg]bkrN_minsmRsb ......................................................... 103 rUbTI 77 kartP©ab;nigkarEfTaMminRtwmRtUvrbs;GaKuy................................................................ 104 rUbTI 78 karkt;RtaelIkarEfTaMmansarsMxan; (UNESCO MANUAL) ..................................... 105

Photovoltaic


bBa¢Itarag

tarag 1 EpñksMxan;²énRbB½næsULa nig TwkePøóg (UNESCO manual) .............................................. 13 tarag 2 ]bkrN_ GKÁIsnIEdleRbIkñúg RbBn½§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitünignimitþsBaØarbs;va (KAMWORKS)29 tarag 3 taragExSsþg;da sMrab;eRbICamYyRbB½nætg;süúg !@v:ul (adapted from UNESCO manual) ...71 tarag 4 karKNnaRbEvgExSGtibrma ................................................................................................ 73 tarag 5 krNI]bkrN_eRcInP¢ab;eTAnwgExSEtmYy............................................................................... 75 tarag 6 RbsiT§PaBRbB½næsULa (Dolbelman, 2007)............................................................................ 87 tarag 7 karkMnt;GakasFatu nig PGF epSgeTot (UNESCO manual 2001)................................ 88 tarag 8 5CMhankñúgkarkMnt;TMhMkBa©k;RsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü edayeRbI PGF (adapted from

TTM_UNESCO 2001) .....................................................................................................89 tarag 9 4CMh‘ankñúgkarkMNt;TMhMGaKuy (TTM_UNESCO 2001) ................................................. 91 tarag 10 ]bkrN_sMxan;sMrab; dMeLIgRbB½n§sULatampÞH (KAMWORKS)........................................96 taragbEnßm

taragbEnßm 1 PaBCak;lak;énkarkMNt;TMhMExSEdlPöab;eTAbnÞúkeRcInrWPöab;eTA bnÞHsULaRbB½n§tg;süúg12v:ul..................................................................................... 115

taragbEnßm 2 TMhMExSsþg;d kñúgRbB½n§tg;süúg 12v:ul ....................................................................116

taragbEnßm 3 PaBCak;lak;énkarkMNt;TMhMExSkñúgRbB½n§tg;süúg24v:ul .......................................117

taragbEnßm 4 TMhMExSsþg;dakñúgRbB½n§tg;süúg 24v:ul (adapted from UNESCO_2000) ..............118

taragbEnßm 5 karkMnt;TMhMrbs;RbB½næsULa ..................................................................................... 119

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

List of Acronymes

AC Alternating current

DC Direct current

PGF Panel Generation factor

PV Photovoltaic

RE Renewable energy

SHS Solar Home System

SOC State of Charge

Photovoltaic


1 RbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü

1>1 etIRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüCaGIV?

RbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitübMElgBnøWRBHGaTitüCaGKÁisnI. karbMElgenHRbRBwtþeTA edaykareRbIR)as; bnÞHRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü edIm,IeFIVeGaygayRsYleyIgnwgehARbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü RtwmEt RbB½næsULa ¬rUbTI 1¦.

BnøWRBHGaTitümkb:HpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüehIybMElgeTACafamBlGKÁIsnI dUecñHBnøWRBHGaTitümkb:H pÞaMgkBa©k;kan;EteRcIn enaHeKTTYlfamBlGKÁIsnIkan;EteRcIn. BnøWRBHGaTitüxusKñaGaRs½yelI eBlevla éf¶ ExnigqñaM k¾dUcCalkçxNÐGakasFatupgEdr. enAeBlmanePøógeRcIn BnøWRBHGaTitü tic-tUYcCHmkdl; pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü ehtudUcenHehIyfamBlGKÁIsnItictYcRtUv)anplit.

rUbTI 1 RbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü (UNESCO manual)

eBlEdlmanePøóg GKÁisnItictYcRtUv)anplit. eBlyb;pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüminGacplitfamBl GKÁisnIeT eTaHbICaRBHc½nÞhak;bIdUcCabeBa©jBnøWxøaMgya:gNak¾eday. CaFm μtaeKRtUvkarfamBl

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

GKÁisnI enAeBlyb; dUcenHeKRtUvrkSafamBlGKÁisnIEdl)anbegáIteLIgeBléf¶TukkñúgGaKuy. eK GaceRbIR)as;famBlBIGaKuyRKb;eBl dUcCa eRbIsMrab; bMPøW ebIkviTüú nig TUrTsSn¾.

1>2 PaBdUcKñarvagRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü nigkarRtg;TwkePøóg

crnþGKÁisnImanclnakñúgExSePøIgdUcTwkhUrkñúgTuyeyaEdr. edIm,Igayyl;BIRbB½næGKÁisnIeyIg Gac eRbóbeFobCamYyRbBn½æTwk TwkhUrGacemIleXIj niggayyl;.

rUbTI 2 PaBdUcKñarvagRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü nigkarRtg;TwkePøóg a similar idea (UNESCO manual)

brimaNTwkEdlTTYl)anGaRs½ynwgGakasFatu. éf¶xøHmanePøógeRcInnigéf¶xøHK μanePøógesaH dUecñHeK Rtg;TwkTukéf¶EdlmanTwkeRcInehIyéf¶epSgeTotmin)anRtg;TwkTukeT. dUcKñaenHnigfamBlGKÁisnI EdlplitedayRbB½næpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüERbRbYleTAtamGakasFatu. éf¶EdlRBHGaTitübeBa©jBnøWxøaMg RbB½næsULaplitfamBlGKÁisnI)aneRcIn enAeBlEdlmanBBk RbB½næsULaplitfamBlGKÁisnI)antic. eBlxøH vamanBnøWRBHGaTitüCaeRcInéf¶ eBlxøHeTot-

Photovoltaic


vamanBBkCaeRcInéf¶Edr. dUcenHTinñplénRbBn½æTaMgBIr RbB½næsULa nig karRtg;TwkePøógGaRs½yelI GakasFatu. kñúgtarag 1 nig rUbTI3

tarag 1 EpñksMxan;²énRbB½næsULa nig TwkePøóg (UNESCO manual)

TwkePøóg RbB½næsULa RbPB ePøóg BnøWRBHGaTitü karRbmUl dMbUl pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü

karbBa¢ar va:n ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

karpÞúk Fug GaKuykarbBa¢Ún Tuyeya ExScMlgeRbIR)as; ]bkrN¾eRbIR)as; ]bkrN¾eRbIR)as;

rUubTI 3³ PaBRsedogKñarvagRbB½næpÞaMgkBa¢k;RBHGaTitünigTwkePøóg (UNESCO manual)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

1>3 kareRbIR)as;RbB½næsULa

RbB½næsULaRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;elI]bkrN_EdlmanfamBltUcrhUt]bkrN_TMhMFM 2 bJ 3 emhÁava:t; eLIgeTA. eKeRbIR)as;RbB½næsULa sRmab;bMPøW GaKarBaNiC¢km μ bMPøWsaFarN³ pÞHenACnbT nig tamPUmi karkMsanþtamCnbT bMPøWtammNÐlsuxPaB nig rkSava:ksaM .l. RbB½næBnøWRBHGaTitüGac dMeNIrkar-dac;edayELkBIbNþajGKÁisnI nig karBarBIkarxVHxatfamBleRbIR)as; . RbB½næsULaGaceRbIR)as; enAtamtMbn;x<g;rab nigtMbn;dac;Rsyal mantMélefakCagkarP¢ab;bNþaj GKÁIsnIeRbIR)as;man tMélx<s;.

rUbTI 4 mUldæanRKwHénRbB½næGKÁisnIRBHGaTitü nigkareRbIR)as; (Source: Florida Energy center)

rUbTI 5 kareRbIR)as;famBlsULaxñattUc (Kamworks)

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 6 RbB½næsULatampÞHenAtMbn;K μanbNþajGKÁisnIkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn¾

rUbTI 7 TUkfamBlsULa

rUbTI 8 begÁalePøIgbMPøWpøÚveRbIfamBlsULa

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 9 sßanIy_bþÚrsakGaKuypÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü (RETscreen.net)

rUbTI 10 karbUmTwkedayeRbIsULa (RETscreen.net)

rUbTI 11 RbB½n§pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüP¢ab;CamYybNþajGKÁisnIxñattUc (RETscreen.net)

Photovoltaic


= ~= ~= ~

rUbTI 12 RbB½n§pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüP¢ab;CamYybNþaj

2 GKÁisnI

2>1 mUldæanRKwHGKÁisnI

RbB½næTwknigRbB½næRBHGaTitümandMeNIkardUcKña. sMBaFTwk TwkhUr maDTwk GanuPaB nigfamBl esÞIEtmanlkçN³dUcKñanigGKÁisnI. GIVEdlCabBðacMeBaHGKÁisnIKWeyIgemIlmineXIj . b:uEnþeyIgGac emIleXIjcMeBaHRbB½næTwk dUecñHedIm,Iyl;BIRbB½n§GKÁIsnI eyIgGaceRbobeFobeTA nwgRbB½næTwk.

tg;süúg nigTnøak;tg;süúg

sMBaFTwkCakMlaMgEdlrujRcanTwkEdlhUrenAkñúgbMBg;. sMBaFGKÁisnI tg;süúg CakMlaMgrujRcan crnþGKÁisnIeGayrt;enAkñúgExScMlg. xñatrbs;tg;süúgKitCavu:l (V) tg;süúg CakMlaMgGKÁisnI EdlbNþaleGayeGT,icRtugesrIpøas;BIGatUmmYyeTAGatUmmYyepSgeTot. ehIymannimitþsBaØa E CakMlaMgGKÁisnIclkr. tg;süúgsMedAelIPaBxusKñarvagb:Utg;Esül éncMnuc 2 elIwExScMlg. tg;süúgTab 1.5V Edlvapþl;edayf μBils¶ÜtehIyvaRtUveKeRbIkñúgBilnigviTüú. tg;süúgmFümBI 120-

240V eRbItampÞH. tg;süúgx<s;mantMélFMCag 1000V RtUveKeRbIsMrab;bBa¢ÚnfamBlEdlmancMgay q¶ay. RbB½næsULatampÞHPaKeRcIneRbItg;süúg 12V.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 13 PaBRsedogKñarvagsMBaFTwknigsMBaFGKÁisnI

maD

brimaNTwkenAkñúgFug KWCamaDTwk KitCaEm:Rt rW lIRt. brimaN ¬rgVas;maD¦ GKÁisnIKW kUT,úM. fμBil GacmanbnÞúk 1500kUT,Mú. fμsUT,aGacmanbnÞúk 360000kUT,Mú. rgVas;epSgeTot KW GMEB Em:Rt.

1 GMEBrem:ag = 3600kUT,Mú

crnþ

karpøas;TIkat;bMBg;rbs;TwkehAlMhUr. xñatmaDTwkEdlhUrkñúgbMBg; KitCalIRt rW Em:RtKUbkñúg mYy xñateBl ¬vinaTI naTI em:ag ¦. CaTUeTAeKKitvakñúgEm:RtKUbkñúgmYyem:ag.

eBlGKÁisnIpøas;TIenAkñúgExScMlgeKehAvaCacrnþGKÁisnI. crnþGKÁisnIRtUvvas;edayGMEB (A). 1GMEB esμ Ir 1kUT,úMkñúgry³eBlmYyvinaTI. lMhUréncrnþGKÁisnIekIteT,IgeBleGT,icRtugpøas;TIBIGatUmmYyeTA GatUmmYyeTot ¬rUbTI 14¦.

rUbTI 14 crnþGKÁisnIenAkñúgExScMlg

tMéltg;süúgekIneLIgRtUvnwgGanuPaBEdlRtUvkarnigcMgayBIRbPBpÁt;pÁg;eTAbnÞúk.

• fμBil 1.5V eRbIsMrab;Bilmantg;süúgTab ehIyGacpÁt;pÁg;GanuPaB)an eRbIR)as;)an.

Photovoltaic


• GaKuy 12V GacpÁt;pÁg;]bkrN_EdlmanGanuPaBmFüm)an

• tg;süúg 240V GacpÁt;pÁg;]bkrN_EdlmanGanuPaBx<s; nigbBa¢Ún)anq¶ay

ersuIsþg; (Ohm or Ω)

bMBg;TwkEvghUryWtCagbMBg;TwkxøIEdlmanTMhMdUcKña eRBaHBi)akrujRcanTwkeGayqøgkat;bMBg;Twk ehIy vanwgrujRcanTwkRtlb;mkvij edaykMlaMgEdlRbqaMgnwgTwkhUr. kMlaMgEdlRbqaMgnwgTwkhUr ehAfa lMhUrénersIusþg; rW ersIusþg;Fm μta . ersIusþg;énTwkhUrenAkñúgbMBg;Twk vabEnßmCamYyRbEvgbMBg;Twk. dUecñHbMBg;TwkEdlmanRbEvgBIrdg vaBi)akrujRcanTwkeGayqøgkat;bMBg;TwkBIrdgdUcKña. edIm,IrujRcanTwk eGayqøgkat;bMBg;TwktUc man karBi)akCagbMBg;TwkFM. ersIusþg;ekIneLIgcMeBaHmuxbMBg;TwktUc. muxbMBg;Twkrbs;TueyaTwkhUrKWehAfa muxkat; KitCasg;TIEmRt kaer: (cm2) . RbsinebIbMBg;Twikmanmuxkat; 5 sg;TIEmRtkaer vanwgman tMélersIusþg;én TwkhUrBIrdgdUcbMBg; Edlmanmuxkat; 10sm2 ¬rUbTI 15¦.

ersIusþg;GKÁisnIpÞúyBIcrnþGKÁisnIEdlqøgkat;ersIusþg; mann½yfa ebIersIusþg;ekIn enaHcrnþfycuH pÞúy eTAvijebIersIusþg;fycuHenaHcrnþekIn. xñatrbs;ersIusþg;KitCa GUm rW Ω. dUcKñaEdrenAkñúgkrNITwkhUr ExSePøIgEdlmanGgát;p©ittUcvamanersIusþg;FM Cag ExSePøIgEdlmanGgát;p©itFM ehIy ExSRbEvg maner-sIusþg;FMCagExS xøI ¬rUbTI 16¦ .

rUbTI 15 bMBg;Evg manmuxkat;tUcmanersIusþg; lMhUrx<s; (UNESCO Manual)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 16 bMBg; nig ExSEdlmanmuxkat;epSgKñaman ersIusþg;epSgKña

c,ab;GUm (Ohm’s law)

U I R= ×

- U tg;süúgGKÁisnIelIersIusþg; KitCa v:;ul (V) - I crnþGKÁisnIEdlqøgkat;ersIusþg; KitCa GMEB (A) - R ersIusþg;GKÁisnI KitCaGUm (Ω)

]TahrN¾ 1 ersIusþg;mYymantMél 6Gum nigmantg;süúg 24v:ul. etIcrnþEdlqøgkat;ersIusþg;mantMél b:un μan?

UU I R IR

= × ⇒ = = 24/6 = 4 A

]TahrN¾ 2 tg;süúg 12V nigcrnþ 4A qøgkat;ersIusþg;. etIersIusþg;mantMélb:unμanGUm ?

UU I R RI

= × ⇒ = = 12/4 = 3 Ω

]TahrN¾ 3 ersIusþg;mYymantMél 3 Ω nig mancrnþqøgkat; 2 A. etItg;süúgEdlqøgkat;ersIusþg;man tMélb:un μan? U I R= × = 2 X 3 = 6 V

Photovoltaic


GnuPaBGKÁisnI GnuPaBGKÁisnIKWCalT§PaBeFVIkargar. m:asIunmYyEdlmanGnuPaBFM vaGacpÁt;pÁg;)aneRcIn. GñkEdl rs;enAEk,rsÞwgdwgBIGnuPaBénclnaTwk. RbsinebIGñkdak;édenATwkEdlkMBughUrenaHGñknwgman GarmμN_faTwkkMBugrujRcanédrbs;Gñk. RbsinebIkMBs;Twkx<s;ehIyhUr elOnenaH GnuPaBrbs; TwkhUrKWFM. ebIKitGMBITwkEdlhUrBIk,alma:sIunedayGagsþúkTwkePøógvij RbsinebIk,alma:sIunTwkRtUv)an ebIktic² enaHkMlaMgTwkhUrenAxageRkamédrbs;GñkKWexSay . ehIyRbsinebIGñkebIkk,al ma:sIunTwk eGayFM enaHGnuPaBTwkhUrk_kan;EtFMEdr )ann½yfaGnuPaBekIneLIg naMeGaycrnþTwk hUrekIneLIg. dUecñHcrnþ TwkhUrmantMéles μ IBIrdg enaHGnuPaBmantMéles μ IBIrdgEdr ¬rUbTI 17¦.

rUbTI 17 GnuPaBGaRs½yelIcrnþTwkhUr (UNESCO manual)

dUcKñaEdr ebIsintg;süúgekIneLIg 2dg nigcrnþenAdEdl enaHGnuPaBvaekIneLIg 2dgEdr. ebIs-

intg;süúgekIneLIg 3 dg nigcrnþenAdEdl enaHGnuPaBvaekIneLIg 3dg ehIyebIsintg;süúgekIn

eLIg 2dg nigcrnþekIneLIg 3dg enaHGnuPaBvaekIneLIg 6dg.

rYbmnþGnuPaBGKÁisnIkMnt;eday P I U= × - P GnuPaBGKÁisnI KitCa va:t; (W) - I crnþGKÁisnI KitCa GMEB () - U tg;süg;GKÁisnI KitCa v:ul (V)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

ebIeyIgeRbIGMBUlCamYyRbB½næsULaEdlmantg;süúg 12v:ul crnþEdlqøgkat;vaman 2A enaH GnuPaB

rbs;va 24W .

rUbTI 18 GMBUlmUlsIuGnuPaBFMCagGMBUlPøúyGrer:sg; ]TahrN¾ 4

m:asuInvIedGUsIucrnþ 30Anigmantg;süúg 12V GnuPaBEdlsIuedayvIedGU³

30A X 12V = 360W

ma:sIunbUmTwksIucrnþ 10A nig mantg;süúg 48V GnuPaBEdlsIuedayma:sIunbUmTwk :

10 A X 48 V = 480 W

ebIcrnþmantMélesμ I2dgnig tg;süúgmantMéles μ I3dg etImanGVIekIteLIgcMeBaHGnuPaB?

naMeGayGnuPaBmantMéles μ I 6dg

ebIcrnþmantMélesμ I2dgnigtg;süúgmantMélesμ I0.5 dg etImanGVIekIteLIgcMeBaH GnuPaB?

naMeGayGnuPaBmantMéles μ I 1 nig GnuPaBdUcedIm

ebIeyIgdwgGnuPaBCa v:at; eyIgGacKNnacrnþedayEck nigtg;süúg. eyIgGacKNna tg;süúg edayEck nigcrnþ.

Photovoltaic


lMhat; 1 GnuPaBnig famBlrbs;]bkrN_ (RbPB: KAMWORKS)

etI]bkrN_ xageRkamsuIGanuPaBrbs;b:n μankñúg1vinaTI?

va:t; (W) GacbMElgeTAKILÚva:t; (kW): 1000W = 1Kw

lMhat; 2

etI]bkrN_ xageRkamsuIfamBlrbs;b:unμankñúg1vinaTI?

=………….. Wh = …………… kW

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

=……………… Wh = ……………. kW

lMhat; 3 ]bkrN_TaMgenH sIuGanuPaBdUcxageRkam³

etI]bkrN_ xageRkamsuIGanuPaBbu:n μan?

=………….. W = …………… kW

=…………… W = …………. kW

famBl

eyIgEtgEtRclMrvagBakü GanuPaB nig famBl. dUcEdl)aneBalxagelIGanuPaBKWCa smtßPaB sMrab;eFVI cMEnk famBlKWCakargarEdleFVI)an.

famBlGaRs½yelI GanuPaB nig ry³eBldMenIrkar. plKuN GanuPaB nig ry³eBldMenIrkar enaH eyIgnwgTTYl)an famBl. xNHeBlEdl GanuPaB KitCava:t; famBlKitCava:t;ema:g.

famBleRbIR)as; (E)= GanuPaB (P)× ryHeBl(t) E=P×t =I×U×t=I2×R×t ; P=I×U , U=I×R

Photovoltaic


GaKuy TTYlfamBl)anBIpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü ehIypþl;famBleTAeGay ]bkrN_eRbIR)as; minEmnpþl; GanuPaBenaHeT. enHKWCalMhUénfamBl EdlkMnt;eGaydwgBIbrimaNén pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü nig Ga-Kuy. ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;dUcCa GMBUlEd;lsIufamBltickñúgry³eBlmYyema:g enaHvaGacdMenIrkar )an-eRcInema:gCamYynwgGaKuy. cMEnkÉ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;EdlsIufamBleRcInkñúgry³eBlmYyema:g dUcCa TUrTsSn_MBN’FMmYyeRKOg GaceRbIR)as;)anry³eBlticem:ag CamYynwgGaKuydUcKña.

1 x 30W x 0.5h

= 15Wh

= 0.015kWh

1 x 30W x 1h

= 30Wh

= 0.03 kWh

1 x 30W x 2h

= 60Wh

= 0.06 kWh

1 x 30W x 5h

= 150Wh

= 0.150 kWh

1 x 30W x 1h= 30Wh

= 0.03kWh

2 x 30W x 1h = 60 Wh

= 0.06 kWh

3 x 30W x 1h = 90 Wh

= 0.09 kWh

rUbTI 19 ]TahrN_ GanuPaB nigfamBl (adapted from KAMWORKS)

]TahrN_ 5

]bkrN_GKÁIsnImYy pþl;GanuPaB 5W kñúgryHeBl 2 ema:g ³

famBl= 5W × 2h = 10Wh

]TahrN_ 6

GMBUlePIøgmYyRtUvkar 20W sMrab;dMenIrkar nig eRbIR)as; kñúgryHeBl 4 ema:g ³

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

lMhat; 4 etIviTüúsIufamBlGs;b:una μn Wh (Kamworks)

5W, 1 hour,

Energy=……… Wh =………kWh 5W, 1 hour,

Energy =……… …Wh =…………kWh

5W, 2 hour,

Energy=……… Wh =………kWh

5W, 4 hour,

Energy =……… ….Wh =…………kWh

lMhat; 5 (Source: Kamworks)

etI]bkrN_TaMgenHsIu Wh nig KWh Gs;b:unaμn?

5W, 4 h

30W, 2 h

150W, 2 h

35W, 2 h

5W x 4h =…...Wh 30W x 2h =…...Wh 150W x 2h =…..Wh 35W x 2h =…...Wh

Total = ………………….. Wh = ……………….. kWh

etI]bkrN_TaMgenHsIu Wh nig KWh Gs;b:unaμn?

5W, 1 h

5W, 2 h

5W, 4 h

30W, 2 h

5W x 1h =…......Wh 5W x 2h =……..Wh 5W x 4h =……...Wh 30W x 2h =…...Wh

Total = ………………….. Wh = ……………….. kWh

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 20 ]TahrN_kareRbIR)as;famBlrbs;]bkrN_epSg² (adapted from UNESCO manual)

esóKVI RbBn½§TwkePøógCabnSMén bMBg;nigk,alr:Ub‘Íen rW tCaExñgeRcIn ehIyP¢ab;eTAkEnøgepSg². bMBg;nigcMnuc tP¢ab;TaMgenHehAfa esoKVIirbs;RbBn½§Twk. edIm,IeGayTwkhUrBIFugsþúk TukeTAdl;]bkrN_eRbIR)as; RtUvmanCacaM)ac;nUvkartP¢ab;rvagKñaedaybMBg;. ebIbMBg;RtUv)ankat;pþac; rW EbkFøayxUc enaHTwkminGac hUreTAdl;]bkrN_eRbIR)as; nigKμandMenIrkareLIy. ebIesoKVIrbs;TwkRtUv)anKUsenaHvanwgbgðajBIRbPBTwk bMBg; kartP¢ab; nig ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;. KMnUs enHehAfadüaRkamesoKVIrbs;RbBn½§bMBg;Twk.

esoKVIGKÁIsnIsMrab;RbBn½§pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü manTMrg;samBaØdUcCakarP¢ab;ExSePøIg edayP¢ab;BI GaKuyeTAGMBUl. esoKVImanlkçN³sauMjaMuxN³eBlEdleyIgtP¢ab; GaKuy nig]bkrN_eRbIR)as; CaeRcInCamYyKña. esoKVIGKÁIsnIRtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAeBlEdl]bkrN_GKÁIsnI dUcCa GaKuy ersIusþg; m:UTr½ nig ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;epSg²eTottP¢ab;KñaedayExSePøIg. enAkñúg tarag3 )anbgðajBI]bkrN_ GKÁIsnIEdleRbIkñúgRbBn½æpÞaMgBnøWkBa©k;RBHGaTitünigsBaØasMKal;rbs;va.

kñúgesoKVIGKÁIsnImYy minGacxVH)annUvExScMlgsMrab;eGaycrnþqøgkat;BIRbPBfamBl eTA ]bkrN_ eRbIR)as; ¬pþl;tg;süúgeGay]bkrN_eRbIR)as;¦ nig BI]bkrN_eRbIR)as;eTARbPBfamBlvij. ebI kartP¢ab;KñamankarxUcxat enaHlMhUrén crnþ GKÁIsnI nwgQb;. esoKVIcMhekItmanenAeBlEdlK μan kartP¢ab;KñaénesoKVI kñúgkrNImankartP¢ab;enaH vanwgkøayCaesoKVIbiT. kugtak;Ca]bkrN_GKÁIsnI GaceGayeyIg ebIk rW biT esoKVI kñúgeKalbMNg pþac; rW P¢ab; crnþGKÁIsnI.

GaKuymYymanfamBl 1200 Wh

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

b:Ul cMnuctP¢ab;kñúgRbBn½§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü KWEpñkviC¢man (+) nig EpñkGviC¢man (-). Epñk (+) KWCab:UlviC¢man (+) nig Epñk(-)b:UlGviC¢man (-). karkMnt; (+) nig (-) KICakarkMnt;b:Ul rbs;RbPB ehIyb:UlCaviFIsaRsþmYykñúgkarbgðajTisedAcrnþ. cMeBaH]bkrN_eRbIR)as; Etg Etb:Ul (+) rbs;vaCamYy nwgb:Ul (+) énGaKuy nig b:Ul (-) CamYyb:Ul (-).

esoKVIes‘rI esoKVIes‘rIekIteLIg enAeBlEdl]bkrN_GKÁIsnIRtUv)antP¢ab;KñaBIEpñkxagcug nig Epñkxagcug.

GaKuy2 tCaes‘rI

rUbTI 21 GaKuy2 tCaes‘rI

esoKVIExñg esoKVIExñgCaesoKVIEdleKt]bkrN_GKÁIsnI BIEpñkmYyeTAEpñkmYy ¬rUbTI22¦. edIm,ItExS CaExñg eyIg RtUvP¢ab;cugmçagénExSTaMg2CamYyKña nigcugmçageTotk¾P¢ab;CamUyKña.

GaKuy 2tCaExñg

rUbTI 22 GaKuy 2tCaExñg

Photovoltaic


tarag 2 ]bkrN_ GKÁIsnIEdleRbIkñúg RbBn½§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitünignimitþsBaØarbs;va (KAMWORKS)

esoKVIBit esoKVIdüa®kam

rUbTI 23 ]TahrN_ esoKIVGKÁisnI (KAMWORKS)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

lMhat; 6 (Kamworks)

lMhat; 7 (KAMWORKS)

KUsdüaRkamrbs;esoKVI esoKVIBit düaRkamesoKVI

esoKVIBit düaRkamesoKVI

Photovoltaic


esoKVIBit düaRkamesoKVI Series or parallel

crnþþGKÁisnI DC nig AC

crnþCab;ekIteLIgeBlEdlclnaeGLicRtugrt;efrkñúgTisedAmYy . DC CaBaküsresrkat; eday-sarcrnþCab;rt;kñúgTisedAEtmYYy sMBaFGKÁisnI rWtg;süúg manTisedAEtmYy. bc©úb,nñenH GaKuy sULa eRbg\n§n³ nigm:asuInePøIgpÁt;pÁg;crnþCab; dUcCa tYb‘Ínxül; begáItnUvcrnþCab;.

rUbTI 24 crnþCab; [www.cipco.apogee.net]

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

crnþqøas;eKehAfa AC KWCaRbePTénfamBlEdleyIgFøab;)ansÁal;TaMgGs;Kña. eyIgeRbIR)as;famBl crnþqøas;enAkñúgshRKas]sSahkm μ BaNiC¢kmμ nig kñúgpÞHrbs; eyIg. edaysarEtfamBlcrnþqøas; AC KWmankarsnSMsMéceRcInCagfamBlcrnþCab; eTAelIkarplit nigeRbIR)as;eRcInCag DC. crnþGKÁisnIrt;kñúgTisedAmYysMrab;ry³eBlxøI eRkaymkvart;Rcas;eTATisedAepSgeTot Edlman ry³eBlxøIdUcKña. TisedAqøas;rbs;crnþGKÁisnIefr. karrt;eTAmux rt;Rtlb;eRkay dEdl²énTisedA enHehAfamYyxYb ehIycMnYnxYbEdlekIteLIgkñúg1vinaTIehAfaeRbkg; (Hz). eRbkg;crnþqøas;KW 50Hz rW 60Hz GaRs½yeTAtambTdæanénRbeTsnimYy²

rUbTI 25 bNþajEckcay famBlGKÁisnI AC (adapted from UNESCO manual)

lkçN³dMbUgrbs;crnþqøas; AC EdlvasMnSMsMéc eRBaHeKGacbþÚrkMrittg;süúgedayeRbIRtg;sVÚm:aT½r sMrab; dMeLIg rW bBa©úHtg;süúgtamEttMrUvkar EdlGnuBaØateGayfamBlRtÚv)anEckcay y:agFMTUlay tamtMrUvkar. AC xusBI DC K μanb:Ul edaysarEt TisedAéncrnþGKÁisnIqøgkat;RbB½n§ AC mankarqøgkat;Rcas; CaeRcIndgkñúg1vinaTI.

2>2 rgVas;GKáisnI

m:ulTIEm:t (Multi-meter)

rUbTI 26 bgÐajBIPaBepSgKñarbs; m:ulTIEm:t . m:ulTIEm:t Gacvas; crnþqøgkat; nig tg;süúgelIesoKVI.

karvas;crnþeday m:ulTIEm:t

Photovoltaic


edIm,Ivas;crnþkñúgesoKVImYYyGñkRtUvdak; m:ulTIEm:tenAkEnøgEdlRtUvvas;. eKGaceFVIdUcenH edaydak; ExSviC¢man (CaFmμtaExSB’NRkhm) kñúgrn§ :10A : enAelIm:ulTIEm:t nigExS GviC¢man (B’NexμA) kñúgrn§ : COM : . bnÞab;mkbgVilb:UtugeTArkTItaMgEdlmanGkSr A CamYybnÞat;edk (

nimitþsBaØacrnþCab;) .

rUbTI 26 elxepSgKñarbs; m:ulTIEm:t

rUbTI 27 rebobvas;crnþedayeRbImu:lTIEm:t (adapted from KAMWORKS)

KNnacrnþcMeBaHbgáúMCaes‘rI nigExñg

crnþmantMélesμIKñacMeBaHbgÁúMCaes‘rI. enAkñúgbgÁúMCaExñg crnþsmmUles μ InwgplbUkcrnþral;Exñg nimYy².

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 28 KNnacrnþkñúgbgÁúMCaExñg niges‘rI (adapted from KAMWORKS)

rgVas;tMéltg;süúg edIm,Ivas;tg;süúg GñkRKan;EtP¢ab;b:UlviC¢man eTAb:UlBN’Rkhm ‘red V hole’ énm:ulTIEm:t nigP¢ab;ExS BIb:UlGviC¢man eTAb:UlBN’exμA ‘black com hole’ énm:ulTIEm:t. bnÞab;mk eyIgeRCIserIskalIb V. rUbPaB xageRkamenHbgðajBI karvas;tg;süúg edayeRbIm:ulTIEm:t³

rUbTI 29 karvas;tg;süúg

karKNnatg;süúgcMeBaHbgÁúMCaes‘rI nigExñg

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 30 karKNnatg;süúgcMeBaHbgÁúMCaes‘rI nigExñg (adapted from KAMWORKS)

lMhat; 8 KNnacrnþGKÁisnIenARtg;cMnuc (KAMWORKS)

lMhat; 9 cUrbMeBjtMéltg;süúgenAcenøaHxageRkam³ (KAMWORKS)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

KNnaersuIsþg; ersuIsþg;smmUlenAkñúgbgÁúMCaes‘rIes μ InwgplbUkénersuIsþg;srub

rUbTI 31 KNnaersuIsþg;smmUlenAkñúgbgÁúMCaes‘rI nigCaExñg (KAMWORKS)

]TahrN_ 7 (KAMWORKS)

Photovoltaic


lMhat; 10 (KAMWORKS)

• etIesoKVImYyNamancrnþTabCageK? …………………

• etIGMBUlmYyNamancrnþx<s;CageK?……………….

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

3 pÞaMgkBa©k;GKÁisnIRBHGaTitü

3>1 esckþIepþIm

kñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnIRBHGaTitü EpñkEdlbMElgBnIøRBHGaTitüeTACaGKÁisnI eKehAfa pÞaMgkBa©k;GKÁisnI RBHGaTitü. vamantMéléføehIymankarBi)akkñúgkaplit b:uEnþvagayRsYlkñúgkareRbIR)as;. GVIEdlGñk caM)ac; KWRtUvdak;vaenAkEnøgNaEdlmanBnøWRBHGaTitü. pÞaMgkBa©k;GKÁisnIRBHGaTitü PaKeRcIneRbIR)as;enACnbT EdlbegáIteLIgedaycMnYn Crystalline cells

dac;edayELkBIKña. vamanragmUl kaer rW rUbrag epSgeTot ¬rUbPaBTI 32¦. ekasikanImYy²plitfamBlRbEhl 0>% v:ul CamYynWgcrnþGKÁisnI EdlGaRs½ynWg RklaépÞrbs;va ehIyRtUv)antP¢ab;KñaCaes‘rI rW CaExñg eTAtamtRmUvkar ¬rUbPaBTI33¦.

rUbTI 32 TMrg;RKIsþarbs;sULa (DGS manual)

rUbTI 33 ekasikasULapÞaMgkBa©k; nigkardMerobpÞaMgkBa©k; (RETscreen.net)

Photovoltaic


ekasikanImYy²GacplitfamBlRbEhl 0>% v:ul/ ekasikaeRcInRtUv)antP¢ab;Caes‘rIedIm,I plittg;süúgRKb;RKan;eTAsakGaKuy !@v:ul. AMORPHOUS PANELS

eKeXIjbnÞHsULaEdlminmanekasikadac;edayELkBIKña. TaMgenaHKWCaRbePTfμ ImYy

EdlRtUv)anehAfa Amorphouse silicon rW Thin film panels. kareRbIR)as;bnÞHpÞaMgkBa©k; TaMg enaHkMBugekIneLIgsMrab;RbB½n§GKÁisnIRBHGaTitüxñattUc. b:uEnþeyIgmin)andWgBIGayukal énkareRbI R)as;rbs;va.

sMKal; ³ pÞaMgkBa©k;Edlmanekasika 34 eTA 36 RtUv)aneRbIenAtMbn;RtUBic edIm,Isak GaKuy !@v:ul.

3>2 kartbnÞHekasikaGKÁisnIRBHGaTitü

kartP¢ab;bnÞHekasikaGKÁisnIRBHGaTitüRtUv)anbgðajedayeRbI leXsolar ¬rUbTI 34¦.

3>2>1 kartCaes‘rI

kñúgkartCaes‘rI b:UlviC¢manénbnÞHsULa RtUv)anP¢ab;eTAb:UlGviC¢manénbnÞHsULamYy eTot.

rUbTI 34 kartCaes’rIrbs;3 bnÞHsULa (LeXsolar kit)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

karvas;tg;süúg

kñúgkrNI tCaes‘rI tg;süúgsrubesμ InwgplbUktg;süúgénbnÞHsULanImYy². Utotal = Uc1+ Uc2+ Uc3

lMhat; !@ rUbTI 35 tg;süúgrvageKalrbs;bnÞHsULanImYy² V1 cell= 526mV=0.526V

etItg;süúgsrubrbs;bnÞHsULa 2 rW 3 tP¢ab;Caes‘rImanb:unμan?

VbnÞHsULa 2 tCaes‘rI= V

VbnÞHsULa 3 tCaes‘rI = V

rUbTI 35 karvas;tg;süúgénkartes‘rI (leXsolar kit)

karvas;crnþ kartCaes‘rI crnþsrubmantMélesμ Inwgcrnþrbs;bnÞHsULanImYy².

Isrub= Ic1= Ic2= Ic3=...

lMhat; !# rUbTI#^ karvas;crnþrbs;bnÞHsULamYyKW IbnÞHsULa1 = 2mA

etIcrnþRtUvmantMélbu:n μ μansMrab;kartes‘rIén IbnÞHsULa2tCaes‘rI = mA

IbnÞHsULa3tCaes‘rI = mA

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 36 karvas;crnþeBltes‘rI (leXsolar kit)

3>2>2 kartCaExñg

kartCaExñg b:UlviC¢man nig b:UlGviC¢manénbnÞHsULaRtUv)antP¢ab;dac;edayELkBIKñaedIm,I begáItb:Ul ecjrYmKña ¬rUbTI37¦.

rUbTI 37 kartCaExñg (LeXsolar kit)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

lMhat; !$ rUbTI#* vas;tg;süúgrbs;bnÞHsULamYyKW UbnÞHsULa1=0.55V.

etItg;süúgrbs;bnÞHsULa2tCaExñgesI μbu:n μ μan? : UbnÞHsULa2tCaExñg= V etItg;süúgrbs;bnÞHsULa3tCaExñgesIμbu:n μ μan?: UbnÞHsULa3tCaExñg= V

rUbTI 38 karvas;tg;süúgkñúgkrNItCaExñg (leXsolar kit)

lMhat; 15 rUbTI 39 crnrbs;bnÞHsULa1 KW IbnÞHsULa1=0.6 mA

etIcrnþRtUvmantMélbu:n μ μansMrab;kartCaExñgén bnÞHsULa 2³ IbnÞHsULa2tCaExñg = mA

bnÞHsULa 3³ IbnÞHsULa3tCaExñg = mA

rUbTI 39 karvas;crnþrbs;bnÞHsULatCaExñg (leXsolar kit)

Photovoltaic


3>3 GVIeTACalTæplGKÁÁIsnIEdlplit)an

RbsiTææiPaBénépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüeTAelIkarplitfamBlGKiÁsnI

eKfadMbUlFM TTYl)anTwkkan;EteRcIn dUcKñaenHEdrpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitükan;EtFM karplit GKiÁsnI kan;EteRcIn. ebIeyIgdak;épÞpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitües μ Inwg3dg enaHeyIg nwgTTYl)anGanuPaB 3dgEdr KitCava:t;. ¬rUbTI 40¦

rUbTI 40 RbsiTææiPaBénépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü

RbsiTæiPaBrbs;BnøwRBHGaTitüelIkarplitfamBlGKIÁsnI

ePøógkan;EtxøaMg eyIgTTYlTwkk_kan;EteRcInBIdMbUl pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüeFVIkardUcKña eTAnwgRBHGa-TitüEdr. BnøWRBHGaTitüCHelIpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitükan;EteRcIn famBlGKÁIsnI Edlplit)ankan; EteRcIn. ebIpÞaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü )aMg rW manmøb;enaHfamBlEdlTTYl)ank_Føak;cuHEdr. ¬rUbTI 41¦

rUbTI 41 RbsiTæiPaBrbs;BnøWRBHGaTitü (UNESCO manual & PV presentation)

RbsiTæiPaBrbs;BnøwRBHGaTitüelIkarplitfamBlGKIÁsnI

edIm,ITTYl)anfamBlGKÁIsnIGtibrima BIpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü eyIgRtUvdak;vaeGaycMBnøWRBHGaTitü.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüeFVIkar)anläbMput eBlsItuNðPaBRtCak;. pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitükan;EtekþA Gnu-PaBEdl TTYl)ank_kan; Ettic.

karTTUlcrnþGKÁIsnIya:geRcInBIpçaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü

edaysarEt pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitümantMéléfø dUecñHeTIbGñkeRbIR)as;cg;TTYl)anfamBl GKÁIsnIe-Gay)aneRcInBIva.

RtUvcgcaMfa BnøWRBHGaTitüRtUvEtdak;cMpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü

BnøWRBHGaTitüPøWxøaMgKWenAeBlEdlemXRsLH. vacaM)ac;Nas;EdlfapÞaMgkBa©k;BnøW RBHGaTitüRtUvdak; enAkEnøgEdrmanBnøWRBHGaTitü EdleyIgGacTTYl)anBnøIRBHGaTitüya:g ehacNas; enAcenøaHBIema:g 9 eTA ema:g15 resol.

enAtMbn;RtUBic RBHGaTitüeRcInrHenATisxageCIgenArgVg;Exmifuna ehIyk_rHeRcInenATisxagt,ÚgenA rgVg;ExFñÚ. dUecñHGñkeRbIR)as;RtUvykcitþTukdak;eTAelIedImeQI nig pÞH rW GaKar FM²TaMgBIrTis KWTisxa-geCIg nigxagt,ÚgénpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü ehIyRtUvc,as;kñúgxøÜnfa vanwgminbNþaleGay man-møb;eTkñúgryHeBlénkardMenIrkar.

RtUvR)akdfapÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüRtUv)anEbrcMnwgRBHGaTitü

famBlGKÁisnICaeRcInRtUv)anplitBIpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü eBleKdak;eGaycMnwgRBHGaTitü. eTaHbI Caya:gNak_edayRBHGaTitünwgpøas;bþÚrTItaMg BI eCIg eTA t,Úg Caerogral;qñaM ehIyvak_pøas;bþÚrTItaMg BIekIt eTAlic enAeBléf¶¬rUbTI 42¦.

b:uEnþeyIgk_dwgehIyEdrfaRBHGaTitümanBnøWxøaMgenAeBléf¶Rtg;. TItaMgénRBHGaTitü enAeBl éf¶Rtg; vaGaRsy½eTAelIeBlevla nigcMgayBItMbn;eGkVaTr½. CeRmlmMuBI 5 eTA 10 KWcaM)ac;RtUvman edIm,IeGayTwkePøógsMGat FUlIdIEdlmanenAelI pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWBnøWRBHGaTitü.

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 42 TItaMgrbs;RBHGaTitüEdlnwgRtUvpøas;bþÚreTAtamrdUv (source: DGS guide)

sMKal; enAtMbn;RtUBic enAeBlEdlmanryHTTwgticCag 150 GñkmincaM)ac; bEgVr pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWBnøWRBHGaTitüeGaycM eGkVaTr½ eTogTat;eBkenaHeT. enAryHTTwg x<s;Cag 15 pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü caM)ac;RtUvdak;EbrmuxeGaycM eGkVaTr½ edIm,ITTYl)an GanuPaBFMbMput.

pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü KYrEtRtUv)andak;enAkEnøgRtCak;tamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an

edaysarEt pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüdak;enAeRkamBnøWRBHGaTitü dUecñHehIyeTIbvaBi)ak kñúgkarTb;sáat;va mineGayRtUvkMedA. eKGacdMeLIgvax<s;bnþicBIdMbUlpÞH eFVIy:agvamineGayvaekþAeBk eRBaHfa xül;Gacbk; BIelI nigBIeRkamva)an. vamann½yfa eyIgminRtUvdak;pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüpÞal; eTAnwgdMbUlpÞHeT ya:gehacNas;RtUvXøat 10sg;TIEm:RtEdrBI dMbUlpÞHedIm,IeGayxül; Gacpøas;TICMuvijpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü ehIyeFVIIeGaypÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüeCosputBIkMedAd_ekþA)an.

edIm,ITTYl)anfamBleRcInBIpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü eyIgcaM)ac;RtUveKarBeKalkarN_ 3ya:gKW

TI1³ minRtUveGaymanmøb; enAelI pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü BI 09³00 eTA 15³00.

TI2³ mMuCRmalrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitües μ IKñanwgryHTTwgénTIkEnøg ebIeTaHCavaminKYrman TMerticCag 5 dweRk BIGkS½edkk_eday. pçaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitüKYrEbrmuxeTArkTisxagt,ÚgénTI kEnøgEdl Ca-TisxageCIgéneGkVaTr½.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

TI3³ RtUvdak;pçaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitüeGayXøatBIépÞxageRkam ya:gtic10sg;TIEm:RtedIm,I eGay xül;gaynwgbk;BIeRkam pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü edIm,IeGayvaRtCak;.

3>4 Pöab;pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüEdlmanlkçNHdUcKña

mnusSCaeRcIncg;)anfamBleRcInCagGVIEdlpþl;eday pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüEtmYy . edIm,IbegáIn fam-BleGay)anRKb;RKan; pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüRbEhlRtUv)antPaöb;Kña. eyIgman 2rebob edIm,I tPöab;pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü³ kartCaes’rI nig kartCaExñg.

3>4>1 kartCaesrI

eBlRtUvkartg;süúgx<s;CagGVIEdlpþl;edaypÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüEtmYy eKRtUvtpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü Ca esrIRtUv)anP¢ab;. ¬rUbTI 43¦

eBlEdlcrnþpþl;edaypÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitütCaesrIKW dUcGVIEdlpþl;edaypÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü EtmYy Edr eRBaHcrnþdUcKñart;qøgkat;pçaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü edaysarEtvaRtUv)an tP¢ab; tamExSd¾EvgmYy. GanuPaB KitCa va:t; es μ Inwg plKuNrvag tg;süúg nwgcrnþ dUecñHGanuPaekIntam karbEnßmpÞaMg kBa©k;RBHGaTitü.

rUbTI 43 kartCaesrI nig tCaExñg

Photovoltaic


3>4>2 kartCaExñg

eBleKRtUvkarcrnþeRcInpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüRtUv)antCaExñg. pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü tCaExñgtg;süúg dUcKña pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüEtmYyEdr b:uEnþcrnþRtUv)anekIneT,Ig tamcMnYn pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü RtUv)anP¢ab;.

sMKal; ³TaMgkartCaesrI nig kartCaExñgGanuPaBekIneT,IgtamEdrcMnYnpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü ekInEdr.

pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüBIrtCaExñgplit)anGanuPaBdUctCaesrIEdr KWfa tMéltg;süúg nig crnþman tMé-

lepSgKña.

3>4>3 kartCaExñg nigtCaesrI

RbB½nærbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü edIm,I[TUrTwkkknig]bkrN_FM²epSgeTotGacdMenIrkar)an CaTUeTA eKeRbIGaKuyEdlmantg;süúg 24 vu:l CMnYseGay 12vu:l ehIyxøH 48 v:ul pgEdr.

CaTUeTA eKplitpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüeRbIsMrab;sakGaKuyEdl mantg;süúg 12vu:l dUecñH pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü 2RtUvtCaesrI edIm,I;sakGaKuyEdlman tg;süúg 24vu:l ehIy 4 RtUvtCaesrI edIm,I;sakGaKuyEdlmantg;süúg 48vu:l.

cMeBaHtMrUvkarcrnþeRcInCagGVIEdrpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüpþl;eGay dUcenH eKcaM)ac;tpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü dUc)anbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI44. karbBa©ÚlKña CaesrI nigExñgenH GaceFVIeGayeyIgTTYl)an tg;süúgx<s; dUcGVIEdleyIgRtUvkar edaybEnßmpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüCaesrI nigcrnþxøaMg eyIgRtUvkarbEnßm pÞaMgkBa©k; RBHGaTitü CaExñg.

eKmaneRcInrebobkñúgkarteGay)anRtwmRtUvnUvcMnUnd¾eRcInénpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü edIm,I TTYl)an tg;süúg nigcrnþ EdleKcg;)an. eKGactvaCaesrIrhUtdl;cMnuctg;süúgNamYyEdleKcg;)an bnÞab;mkykpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüTaMgenaHtCaExñgrhUtTTYl)ancrnþNamYyEdleKRtUvkar.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 44 kartCaes‘rI-Exñg énpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü


KNnarkcrnþqøgkat;nigtg;süúgrvagpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü

3>5 karP¢ab;pÞaMgnImYy²EdlmanlkçN³epSgKña

kartpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüEdlmanlkçN³epSgKñaGacbgðajeday kartP¢ab;pÞaMgsULaEdlmanTMhM xus²Kña.

3>5>1 tP¢ab;Caes‘rI

ebIpÞaMgsULamantg;süúgnigcrnþxusKñaRtUvtP¢ab;KñaCaes’rI enaHtg;süúgrbs;vaesμ Irnwg plbUktg;süúg énpÞaMgnimYy²tP¢ab;Caesr’Í.

Photovoltaic


pÞaMgsULatUc²BIrTMhMxusKña tKñaCaesr‘Í (rUbTI 45). ebIpÞaMgkBa©k;tUcmYymantg;süúg 78mIlIv:ul nigpÞaMg kBa©k;mYyeTotmantg;süúg 175mIlIv:ul kñúglkçx½NÐEtmYy kartP¢ab;Caesr’Í enaHtg;süúgTTYl)anKW 255mIlIv:ul EdlswgEtes μ Inwg 253mIlIv:ul. enHmann½yfatg;süúg rbs;vaes μ IrnwgplbUktg;süúg.

rUbTI 45 tg;süúgrbs;pÞaMgtUc²EdlmanlkçN³xusKñatCaes‘rI (leXsolar kit)

b:uEnþcrnþGtibrmaesμ IrnwgcrnþEdltUcCageKrvagpÞaMgTaMgBIr. kñúgrUbPaBbgðajfa pÞaMgmYyGacbegáIt crnþ)an 193mIRkUGMEBr ÉpÞaMgmYyeTot)an 436mIRkUGMEBr eRkamsßanPaBdUcKña nwgpþl;crnþsrub

367mIRkUGMEBEdlFMCagmFüm rvagcrnþTaMgBIrbnþic (315mIRkUGMEBr) (rUbTI 46) .

cMNaM³ edIm,ITTYl)anGnuPaBGtibrma PaKeRcInénpÞaMgxusKñatCaesr‘ÍRtUvmankRmitKuNPaB RbEhlKña enaHdMenIrkartCaesr‘Íkan;Etl¥.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 46 crnþqøgkat;pÞaMgxus²KñakñúgkrNItCaes‘rI (LeXsolar kit)

3>5>2 kartCaExñg

ebIpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitümantg;süúgnigcrnþxusKñaRtUvtP¢ab;CaExñg enaHcrnþsrubrbs;vaes μ Irnwg plbUk crnþpÞaMgtUc²CaeRcIntP¢ab;CaExñg. ]TahrN_ kartCaExñgrvagpÞaMgtUc²Bir EdlmanlkçN³xusKña (rUbTI 47) pÞaMgmYy bej©jcrnþ 212mIRkUGMEB ehIymYyeTot 475mIRkUGMEB crnþTTYl)anKW 578 mIRkUGMEB EdltUcCagcrnþ sru-by:ageRcIn (687mIRkUGMEB).

rUbTI 47 crnþbgÁúMCaExñgrvagpÞaMgtUc²EdlmanlkçN³xusKña (leXsolar kit)

Photovoltaic


cMeBaHGnuPaBGtibrmatg;süúgrbs;vakMnt;edaytg;süúgNaEdltUcrvag pÞaMgsULaTaMgBIr. kartExñg rvagpÞaMgsULaEdlmantg;süúg 16v:ul ÉpÞaMgsULamYyeTot)an 17v:ul eRkamsßanPaBdUcKña tg;süúg EdlTTYl)anFMCagtg;süúgEdlTabCageKbnþic.

eKalkarN_kñúgkartpÞaMgEdlmanlkçN³xusKña 1: eBltCaesr‘Í tMélGMEBrmansar³sMxan; cMnYnGMEBr)anmkBIkartesr‘Í mantMélRbEhlnwgtMél GMEBrbs;pÞaMgNamYyEdlbej©jGMEBrtUcCageK. cMeBaHlTi§plEdll¥CageK tMélGMEBrTaMg enaHKYr tMrUvnwgkartCaesr‘Í.

tMélGMEBrRtUvkMnt;edayTMhMpÞaMgnImYy² (minEmncMnYnpÞaMg) enaHpÞaMgEdlmanlkçN³ RsedogKñaman dMenIrkarl¥eBltCaesr‘Í. 2: eBltCaExñg tMélv:ulKWsMxan; edaysarEtv:ulRtUvkMnt;edaycMnYnpÞaMg (minEmnTMhM) enaHpÞaMgEdl-manlkçN³ RsedogKñamandMenIrkarl¥eBltCaExñg.

3>6 kardMeLIgpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü

kardMeLIgpÞaMgkB©ak;RBHGaTitü EtgEtRtUvhal xül; nigGakasFatuepSg² kardMeLIgpÞaMgkB©ak; RBHGaTitü mansar³sMxan;kñúgkarTb;Tl;nwgERcssuI rW PaBrlug. karP¢ab;pÞaMgKYrRtUveRbIEdkEfb\tERcs rWk¾vIsminEmnEdkeKaleT eRBaHGacbn§ÚreRcIndg. ebIpÞaMgRtUv P¢ab;nwgbegáalmYyenaHRtUvdak;y:agsuvtßiPaBeTAkñúgdI nigf<k;Cab;nwgGKarebIGaceTArYc. begáalTaMg enaHmankMBs;x<s;lμm edIm,IkarBarmnusSkMu[b:HpÞaMgkB©ak;RBHGaTitü.

rUbTI 48 karP¢ab;CamYyEdk\tERcsrWk¾vIsmansuvtßiPaBnigRbqaMgnwgPaBERcsnigPaB FUrrlug (adapted from UNESCO manual)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

4 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü 4>1 esckþIepþIm enAkñúgRbBn½æTwkeRbIR)as; vaCakarsMxan;EdleyIgRtUvrkSakMBs;TwkkñúgFugsþúkkMu[eBjeBkehIy k¾kMu[ Gs;eBkEdr. enAkñúgkrNIenH eKeRbIv:anmYyedIm,IbiTlMhUrTwkcUlenAeBlEdlFugsþúk eBj nigv:anmYy epSgeTotedIm,IraMgxÞb;kMu[TwkhUrecjenAeBlEdlkMBs;TwkenATab. v:anTaMgBIr enHCaGñkRKb;RKgnUv brimaNTwkenAkñúgFugsþúk. enAkñúgRbBn½æfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitü v:anGKÁisnICaTUeTARtUv)aneKeRbIedIm,IkarBarGaKuyBIkarsakeBj hYskMNt;. v:anGKÁisnIRbePTenHmaneQ μaHfa ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuy . v:anGKÁisnImYy RbePTeTotmannaTIkarBarGaKuy kuMeGayGs;ePøIgeBk EdleKehAfa ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞr GaKuy. dUecñHv:anGKÁisnITaMgBIrenHCaGñkRKb;RKgnUvbrimaNGKÁisnIenAkñúgGaKuy. 4>2 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuy

Gvtþmanén]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuy nwgeFVI[pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü CMrujbrimaNGKÁisnI elIstMrUvkarcUleTAkñúgGaKuy eFVI[karsakGaKuyelIs. enAeBlEdlGaKuyRtUvpÞúkelIskMNt; vas¶Üt Twky:agelOn eT,IgkMedA nig GacxUc. ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuyRtUvP¢ab;enAcenøaHpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü nig GaKuy (dUcbgðaj elIrUbTI49). vaeFVIkaredayBinitüRKb;eBl nUvtg;süúgrbs;GaKuy ehIy ebItg;süúgGaKuyx<s; bgðajfaGaKuyeBj ]bkrN_nwgraMgsÞHGKiÁsnImin[cUlGaKuyedaysV½yRbvtþi.

(a) (b)

rUbTI 49 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarsakGaKuy (adapted from UNESCO manual)

Photovoltaic


4>3 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrGaKuy

eKeRbI]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrbnÞúk edIm,IkarBarmin[brikçarGKÁisnITajykfamBl hYskMrit ecjBIGaKuyEdlCaehtubNþal[GaKuyepÞrelIs. kalNaGaKuymYyepÞr elIsva)at;bg; nUvsmtßPaBmYyEpñkkñúgkarsakeT,Igvij bnÞab;mkcab;epþImcuHexSay ehIy Gayurbs;GaKuynWgkan; EtxøIpgEdr.

eKP¢ab;]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrbnÞúkenAcenøaHGaKuy nig brikçarGKÁisnI ¬bgðajeRkam rUbTI50¦. ]bkrN_enHdMeNIrkaredayeFVIkarBinitüRKb;eBleTAelItg;süúgrbs;GaKuy ehIy ebItg;süúgGaKuy sßitenAkMritTabEdlbgðajfaGaKuyCitGs;ePøIg ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü elIkarepÞrbnÞúknWgkat;pþac; brikçarGKÁisnIecjedaysV½yRbvtþi edIm,IkuM[]bkrN_TaMgenaHTaj ykfamBlBIGaKuyEdlCitGs; eTot. RKb;eBlénkartMeT,Ig eKtvaCaes‘rICamYyGaKuy.

rUbTI 50 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrbnÞúk (adapted from UNESCO manual)

4>4 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

Cajwkjab;]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrbnÞúk nig karepÞrbnÞúkEtgsßitenArYmKñakñúgRbGb;EtmYy. Ca TUeTA eKdwgBIRbePT]bkrN_RKb;RKgenAkñúgRbGb;mYy)anedayBinitüemIl tMNenAkñúgRbGb;enaH. ebI enAkñúgRbGb;mantMnP¢ab;eTAkan;pÞaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü enaHmann½yfavarYmbBa©Úl]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

elIkarsakGaKuyenAkñúgenaH ehIyebImantMnP¢ab;eTAkan;brikçarGKÁisnI mann½yfa vak¾rYmbBa©Úl ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarepÞrbnÞúkpgEdr. ]bkrN_TaMgBIrRtUv)anP¢ab;eTAkan;GaKuydUcKña.

rUbTI 51 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü (adapted from UNESCO manual)

]bkrN_bgðajkMritbnÞúk

]bkrN_RtYtBinitümYycMnYnmanGMBUlePøIg b¤ ]bkrN_bgðajepSgeTotsMrab;R)ab;GñkeRbIR)as; BIsßan-PaB GaKuy nig RbePTdMeNIrkarrbs;RbB½nææ. edIm,IPaBgayRsYl eKKYrdak;]bkrN_RtYt BinitüenAkEnøgNaEdleKGacemIleXIj]bkrN_bgðajedaygayRsYl. b:uEnþeTaHy:agNa k¾eday eKminRtUvdak;va[q¶ayBIGaKuyelIsBIBIrEm:Rt edIm,I[gayemIlEtmYymuxenaHEdr.

]bkrN_RtYtBinitümaneRcInRbePT ehIy]bkrN_RtYtBinitünimYy²manDIy:UtBnøWxus²Kña b¤ man ]bkrN_epSgeTotsMrab;bgðajBIsßanPaBGaKuy. rUbTI52 Ca]TahrN_mYyén]bkrN_ bgðajRbePT DIy:UtBnøWén]bkrN_RtYtBinitü hVÚkUs (Phocos) .

rUbTI 52 DIy:UtBnøWén]bkrN_RtYtBinitühVÚkUsbgðajnUvkMritbnÞúkxus²Kñarbs;GaKuy (KAMWORKS)

Photovoltaic


5 GaKuy 5>1 esckþIepþIm

GaKuypÞúkfamBlGKÁisnIEdlplit)anBIpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü sMrab;kareRbIR)as;. vaCaEpñksMxan;mYy rbs;RbB½næfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitü EdlRtUvpÁt;pÁg; famBlenAeBlyb; xN³EdlpÞaMgRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü BMuGacplitfamBl)aneTot.

GaKuyCa]bkrN_mYykñúgcMeNam]bkrN_EdlmantMéléførbs;RbB½næfamBl. CamYyKñaenHEdr GaKuy k¾CaEpñkmYyEdlmanGayuxøICageK nig gaynwgxUcedaykgVHkarEfTaM b¤ eRbIR)as;BMu)anRtwmRtUv. bBaðasMxan;EdlGñkbec©keTsGaceFVI)anKW eronBIrebobEfTaMGaKuynigBnül;GñkeRbIR)as; enAeBlEdl BYkKat;eRbIR)as;GaKuyBMu)anRtwmRtUv.

RbePTGaKuyEdleKniymeRbICageKKWGaKuyRbePTTwk EdlmanpøaksMn-GasuIt. GaKuyRbePTenH RtUveKplity:agTUlMTUlayRsbeTAtambMerIbMras;rbs;vasMrab;karbeBaäHrfynþ mü:ageTot edaysarEt vtßúFatuedImcMbggaynwgrkTij)an pøakGaKuyGacplit)ankñúgtMélefak.

kñúgcMeNamEpñknanaénRbBn½æfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitü GaKuyRtUvkarEfTaMeRcInCageK. eKRtUvRtYtBinitü vay:ageTogTat; edIm,IR)akdfakMritGasuItRKb;RKan; ehIyRtUvEfmEtTwkEdlsuTæ b:ueNÑaH ebIsinGaKuy exSay.

5>2 GaKuyGasuIt

(a) (b)

rUbTI 53 GaKuyGasuIt-sMn Twk (KAMWORKS)

RbePTGaKuyEdleKeRbIR)as;CaTUeTAenAkñúgRbBn½æfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitü KWGaKuyGasuIt-sMn. eKehA vadUcenHedaysarEtvtßúFatuedImsMxan;rbs;KW sMn ehIyl,ayenAkñúgKWGasuIts‘ulpYric . GaKuyGasuIt

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

–sMn pSMeT,IgedaypøakeRcInpÁMúKña EdlpøaknimYy²Gacplittg;süúg)an 2v:ul. dUecñHGaKuy 12v:ul mYyRKab;)anmkBIkarpÁMúKñaénpøak 2v:ulcMnYn6 tCaes‘rI ¬rUbTI53¦.

pøaknimYy²GacRtUv)aneKdak;rYmKñakñúgRbGb;pøasÞikEtmYydUcGaKuyT,an Ca]TahrN_ ¬rUbTI 53¦ b¤ GacRtUveKdak;edayET,kBIKña ¬rUbTI54¦.

GaKuyTwk

GaKuyTwkPaKeRcInEdleKeRbIsMrab;RbB½næfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitü manKMrbbiTebIksMrab;[eKemIlpøak

GaKuy nig EfmTwkenAeBlcaM)ac;. vaRtUveKehAfaGaKuycMh b¤ GaKuyTwk ¬rUbTI53 Epñk k¦.

rUbTI 54 GaKuyEdlmanpøakdac;BIKña (adapted from UNESCO manual)

GaKuy Gel karrIkcMerInénGaKuyGasuIt-sMnCa GaKuy Gel TaMgenHGasIuts‘ulpYricminRtUv)ancl½teT edaysarEt PaBxab;enAkúñugCatiGn§ilEdl)anbEnßm. BYkvaRtUv)aneKehAfaGaKuy EdlmankarEfTaMtictYc (rUbTI 53 x ) . GaKuyRbePTenHrelagxagelI nig KμanKMrb. GaKuyEfTaMtictYc PaKeRcInéføCag GaKuyGasuIt-sMnéncMnuHdUcKña.

GaKuyEfTaMtictYcminFn;dUc GaKuyGasuIt-sMnEdlEfrkSa)anRtwmRtUveT. valøbMputEdl eRbIGaKuy EdlEfTaMtictYcedaydak;mYykEnøg eKnwgEfrkSaRbePTGaKuyGasuIt-sMnya:gRtwmRtUv .

Photovoltaic


5>2>1 lkçN³BiessénRbB½n§GaKuyBnøWRBHGaTitü

eTaHbICa GaKuyBnøWRBHGaTitüemIleTAdUcGaKuyeRbIenAkúñugrfynþk¾eday k¾enAkúñugGaKuymanlkçN³ xusKñaEdr GaKuyeRbIsMrab;rfynþRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,Ipþl;GanuPaBFMsMrab;ry³eBlxøI xN³Edl GaKuyBnøWRBHGaTitü RtUv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,Ipþl;nUvGanuPaBtUcsMrab;ryeBleRcInema:gbnþbnÞab; .

sMKal; ebIGaKuyrfynþmYyRtUv)aneRbIkúñugRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü vaeRbImin)anyUrdUcGaKuybegáIt

sMrab;RbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitüeT. GñkBuMKYrykGaKuyRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitüeTAeRbIGVIeRkABIenHeT .

RbePTGaKuyEdll¥bMput sMrab;RbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitüeRcInCageKmaneQ μaHfa GaKuyepÞr)anyUr eRBaHvaRtUv)anbegáIteLIgBiesssMrab;EckcaynUvGanuPaB x<s;rbs;vaedaymin)at;bg;tam RbkarGIVmYy eLIy . GñkGaceRbIva)anya:geTogTat;nUvGanuPaB 80% EdlRtUv)an sþúkTukenAkúñugGaKuyedayK μankar)at;bg; (eRbobeFob 10% sMrab;GaKuyLan). dUecñH kareRbIR)as;nUvGaKuyEdl manGayuyUrcaM)ac;RtUvBinitücMeBaHGaKuy EdlmancMnuHtUcbMput.

RbsinebIeRbIR)as;ya:geTogTat;eRcInCag 20%eTA 30% énGanuPaBEdlsþúkkúñugGaKuy vanwg minman

Gyu:EvgeT. sUm,IEtGaKuyefakCagTMhMdUcKñaénGaKuyGaKuyepÞr)anyUr k¾eday k¾vaminmanGayuEvg

Edr eBlvaRtUv)aneRbIenAkúñugRbB½næsULa nig CamUykarpøas;bþÚrTIkEnøgCajwkjab;. dUecñHRbEhl

CavaéføCag eBldMeNIrkarry::eBlEvgenaH.

5>2>2 lT§PaBpÞúkbnúÞkGKÁuisnI

GaKuyRtUv)ancat;fñak; edayeyageTAtambrimaNbnúÞkGKÁisnIEdleKsþúk. karvas;xñatrbs;vaKitCa

GMEB-ema:g (Ah) . RbsinebIGaKuymYyEckcaycrnþ 1GMEBr CabnþbnÞab;sMrab;ry³eBl 100ema:g

enaHvanigpþl; 100 GMEBr-ema:g . RbsinebIGaKuymYyEckcaycrnþ 10GMEBr CabnþbnÞab;sMrab; 10

ema:g enaHvanigpþl; 100 GMEBr-ema:gEdr .

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

Q (cMnuHGaKuy KitCa Ah ) = bnúÞk / benÞrcrnþ (A) x ry:eBl (h)

lMhat; 17 : KNnary:eBleRbIR)as;rbs;GaKuy (KAMWORKS)

eKGacbMEbkvaBI GMEBema:g (Ah) eTAva:t;ema:g (Wh) edayeRbIrUbmnþdUcxageRkam:

famBl (Wh) = P(W) x t(h) =U (V) x [ I(A) x t(h) ]

Edl U(V) Catg;süúgrbs;GaKuy mann½yfa RbsinebIeyIgKuNcMnUnfamBlKitCa (Ah)

edaytg;süúgrbs;GaKuy eyIgnigTTYl)anfamBlKitCa (Wh) b¤ edayEckfamBlEdlsþúkTukKitCa

(Wh) CamYytg;süúgrbs;GaKuy edIm,IbMEbkBI (Wh) eTACa (Ah) .

]TahrN¾ 100Ah x 6V = 600 Wh

Photovoltaic


lMhat; 18: (KAMWORKS)

KNnacMnuHénGaKuyxageRkamKitCa GMEBema:g (Ah) nig famBlKitCa va:t;ema:g (Wh) b¤ KILUva:t;ema:g (KWh) .

lMhat;19: KNnary:eBleRbIR)as ; (KAMWORKS)

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

GaKuysULa vaminEmnCaGaKuyFm μtaeT eRBaHvaGacEckcayCaGMEBema:g eBlvaepÞrbnÞúkya:gyWt² CageBlEdlvaepÞrbnÞúkelOn. dUecñH ebIvaepÞrbnÞúkelOnKW)anRtwmEt 100Ah ehIy ebIvaepÞr bnÞúkyWtKW)an 150Ah. edIm,IdwgnUvcMnuH rbs;GaKuyCaGMEBema:g (Ah) eKRtUvdwgBIrebobEdlva kMBugepÞrbnÞúkya:gelOn enHehAfa GRtaepÞrbnÞúk. Cajwkjab; vaRtUv)aneKniyayfa cMnYn ema:gsMrab;karepÞrcb; GaKuyGacepÞr 50Ah ryeBl 10ema:g énGRtabenÞr ehIyGaKuy dEdlenHk¾GacepÞr)an 70Ah pgEdrsMrab;ry::eBl 100h énbnÞúkrbs;. Gñkplit )anbgðaj ya:gc,as;BIkarepÞrbnÞúkenH enAelIRkdas; C10 nwg C100 b¤ Ca C/10 nwg C/100 .

PaBxusKñarvagGaKuuyEdlmanbnúÞkeBj nigK μanbnúÞk

eKeXIjya:ggayfa FugTwkeBj b¤ mineBj (rUbTI 55) . púÞyeTAvij vamingayRsYleTebIeyIg cg;dwgfaGaKuymYymanbnúÞkGKÁisnI b¤ K μanbnúÞkGKÁisnIenaH BIeRBaHeyIgminGacemIleXIjbnúÞk GKÁisnI. edIm,Idwgfa GaKuymYyman b¤ K μanbnúÞkGKÁisnI eyIgcaM)ac;RtUveRbI]bkrN_sMrab;vas; .

]bkrN_vas;manBIrRbePT edIm,IdwgfaGaKuymYymanbnÞúkb:unμan

• PaKeRcInén]bkrN_vas;samBaØbMput KWRtYtBinitüTwkGasuItenAkúñugGaKuy nigvas;nUvkMritFn; rbs;va. ebIGasIutxøaMgenAkúñugGaKuyenaH nig manbnúÞkGKÁIsnIxøaMgpgEdr. kMritFn;rbs;TWkGasIut RtUv)anvas;eday]bkrN_eQ μaHfa GIuRdUEm:t ( rUbTI 56) . vamanlT§PaBsMrab;EtGaKuyEdl ebIkKMrb;)anb:uenñaH .

rUbTI 55 RtYtBinitüTWkenAkúñugFug (adapted from UNESCO manual)

Photovoltaic


• viFITI 2 KW ]bkrN_;vas;tg;süúgrbs;GaKuy. eBlFugTwkeBjmansMBaFx<s;eBlbgÚðr ecjmk eRkAxøaMgCagFugmankMritTwkkúñugFugTab. dUcKñaEdr RbsinebIbnúÞkGaKuyeBj tg;süúgx<s;Cag (sMBaFGKÁisnI) bnúÞkGaKuymineBj. GaKuymantg;süúg 12V nig CaFmμtavas;eXIj 13V ebIbnúÞk GaKuyeBj nig ticCag 11V ebIbnúÞkGaKuymineBj. kúñugkareRbIR)as;FmμtaGaKuyminRtUv)anepÞr eBlEdltg;süúgtUcCag 11.5V eT. edaysarEt PaBxusKñaénGaKuytg;süúgTab (11.5V ) nig GaKuytg;süúgx<s; (13.5 V) KW 2 V b:uenñaH. dUecñH lkçN:x<s;énv:ulEm:RtRtUvEt eRbIedIm,I R)ab;BikMriténkarpúÞkya:geTogTat; .

rUbTI 56 RtYtBinitükMritTwkGasIutCamYy]bkrN_GIuRdUEm:t (KAMWORKS)

edIm,IeFVIkarRtUtBinitüfamBlEdlmanenAkñúgGaKuy[)anRtwmRtUv vaKWCakarl¥RbesIrkñúgkareRbIR)as; TaMg GIuRdUEm:t nigvulEm:t. RbsinebIkareRbIR)as;vulEm:t nig GIuRdUEm:t bgðajeGay eXIjnUvkMrit én-famBlGKÁisnIEdl)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgGaKuydUcKña GaKuyenaHRbEhlCaminman bBaðaGVIeT . ebI v:ulEm:tbgðajnUv kMritmYyx<s;Cag kMritEdl GIuRdUEm:t )anbgðajRbEhlCaGaKuyenaHxUcehIy.

CMhankñúgkarRtUtBinitükMritTwkGasuItedayeRbIR)as;GIuRdUEm:t

1> ebIkKMrbGaKuy 2> RtUvRtYtBinitü[)anc,as;fapøakenAkñúgbnÞb;GaKuysßitkñúgvtßúrav 3> dak;GIuRdUEm:teTAkñúgbnÞb;GaKuy ehIykUrTwkGasuItedayRbugRby½tñ

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

4> PaBravsßitenAkñúgkMritmYyEdlxusKñaBwgEp¥keTAelIPaBxab;énTwkGasuIt niglT§PaBénkar TTYlykfamBlrbs;bnÞb;nImYy²

sßanPaBénkarpÞúkrbs;GaKuy brimaNfamBlEdlrkSaenAkñúgGaKuyRtUv)aneKehAfa sßanPaBénkarpÞúkrbs;;GaKuy (SOC).

]TahrN_ 5>1 Ca]TahrN_mYyén sßanPaBénkarpÞúkrbs;;GaKuy (KAMWORKS).


etIsßanPaBénkarpÞúkrbs;;GaKuyes μ Irbu:n μanbnÞab;BIeRbIR)as;Gs;ryeBl…? ebImuneBleRbIR)as; sßanPaBénkarpÞúkrbs;;GaKuyesμ Ir 100

Photovoltaic


5>2>3 kaEfTaMGaKuy

vamanktþa bIy:ag edIm,IEfTaMrbs;GaKuysULa³ • EfrkSaGaKuyeGay)ans¥at³ RbsinebIEpñxagelIénGaKuymansPaBkxVk; kareRcHnwgcab;epþImsuI

køayeTACabBaða ehIyfamBlGKÁisnInwgcab;epþImFøak;cuHbnþitmþg²BIkarP¢ab; rbs;GaKuyEdl bNþalmkBIPaBkxVk;. edIm,IeFVIkarsMGatGaKuyeyIgRtUveRbIEt Twks¥at ehIynigRkdas;Tn;² Etb:ueNÑaH minRtUveRbIR)as;TWksab‘U b¤TwkGMbileT,Iy.

• kareFVIetsþbnÞb;GaKuynImYy²CamYynwgGIuRdUEm:tbnÞb;GaKuynImYy²KYrEtRtUv)an vas;GMBI PaBdUcKañ enAeBlvas;CamYynwgGIuRdUEm:t. RbsinebIbnÞb;mYy b¤eRcInRtUv)anvas;manPaB xusKñaxøaMgBIbnÞb; epSg² eTot vamann½yfaGaKuyenaHcab;epþImxUc .

• rkSabnÞb;GaKuyeGaymanTwk¬kMhab;¦eBj³ bnÞb;GaKuynImYy²KYrEtRtUv)anRtYtBinitü ya:gehac Nas; 1Exmþg ehIyrkSa[vas¥atCanicedaybEnßmTwkRbsinebI kMhab;x<s;elIskMrit .

sMKal; ³ bnÞab;BIGaKuyRtUv)aneKbBa¢ÚlGasIutrYcmþgehIy GñkminRtUvbEnßmGasuItmþgeToteT RbsinebI GñkbEnßmluHRtaEtTwkGasuIenAkñúgGaKuyrIg .

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

5>2>4 kareFVI[GaKuymansmPaB

enAeBlEdlGaKuybgðajBIPaBepSg²KñaenAkñúgbnÞb;nimYyrbs;GaKuy vabgðajfaGaKuycab;epþIm ex-Say. eKRtUvbBa©ÚlGaKuy[elIskMrit EdleKehAfa kareFVI[GaKuymansmPaB . edIm,IeFVIeGaymansmPaBrvagbnÞúknImYy²enAkñúgGaKuy caM)ac;bBa©Úl[yWtedaybBa©Úl GaKuy[ elIskMrit GacbBa©ÚlePøIg)antamtMrUvkar eRBaH]bkrN_RtYtBinitüelIkarBarkMu[ bBa©ÚlelIs. man meFüa)aymYyedIm,IbBa©ÚlGaKuy[elIskMritP¢ab;pÞal;BIpÞaMgkB©ak;sULaeTAnwgGaKuy. kareFVI[man smPaBenHKYrEteFVIenAéf¶manBnøW. eKGacdwgenAeBlEdl GaKuymansmPaB eRBaHmanBBuHtUc² EdlmanCarUbragenAkñúgbnÞb;GaKuy ehIymantg;süúg RbEhlCa 14>5v:ul. GaKuyGacmankMedAtic eKRtUveRbIeBlevlaeBjmYyéf¶ edIm,IeFVI[RbsiT§PaBsmPaBekItmaneT,Ig.

Photovoltaic


6 ExScMlg

6>1 esckþIepþIm

mUlehtuEdleFVI[)at;bg;sMBaFKWbNþalmkBIbMBg;TwktUc EdleFVI[manersuIsþg;x<s;ehIy sMBaF CaeRcInRtUv)aneRbIR)as; KWRKan;EtsMrab;rkSaTuklMhUrTwkenAkñúgbMBg;enaHEtb:ueNÑaH. enAkñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnIRbsinebIExSePIøgtUc enaHtg;süúgRtUv)at;bg;ehIy]bkrN¾enaHGacnwgminGac TTYl)antg;süúgRKb;RKan;sMrab;eRbIR)as;Edr. ehtuplEdleFVI[mankar)at;bg;tg;süúg KWExSePøIgman muxkat;tUcEdleFVI[manersIusþgx<s;ehIyfamBlGKÁisnICaeRcInRtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IrkSalMhUrcrnþ GKÁisnIenAkñúgExSePIøgEtb:ueNÑaH .

kareRbIR)as;RbB½næmin)anl¥cMeBaHExSePøIgmanTMhMtUc edIm,Iyl;dwgBIsar³sMxan;BIkartP¢ab;bNaþjExS ePIøgEdleKeRbIR)as;sMrab;kartMeT,IgRbB½næsULa 12vu:l b¤24vu:l RtUvEtmanmuxkat;ExSFMCag RbB½næePIøgEdleRbIedIm,IbB¢ÚanfamBl 240vu:l.

6>2 TMnak;TMngén)a:ra:EmtbNþajExSePøIg nigkar)at;bg;GanuPabGKÁisnI

muxkat;ExS ExSePIøgmanmuxkat;tUcpþl;famBltictYceTA[]bkrN_eRbIR)as;. edIm,Imantg;süúgx<s;eKRtUvkar pÞaMg sULaeRcIn eFVI[karcMNayéføedImkan;EteRcIn. ebIeRbIR)as;ExSePøIgmanmuxkat;FMxaMøg eKRtUvkar tg;süúgTab edIm,IrujGKÁisnIqøgkat;ExS b:uEnþkarcMNayéføedImeTAelIExSkan;Etx<s;. TMhMRtwmRtUvrbs; ExSePøIgnwgpþl;[mansmPaBrvagkarcMNay elIExSFMCamYynwgkar)at;bg; nig karcMNayeRcIneTA elIpÞaMgsULanigGaKuy .

RbEvgExS eKeRbItg;süúgx<s;edIm,Ipþl;famBleTA[]bkrN_eRbIR)as; elIExSEdlmanRbEvg CagExSEdlman RbEvgxøI cMeBaHmuxkat;dUcKña. ebIeKeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; enaHeKRtUvcMnayelI karTijpÞaMgsULa nig GaKuy tMéledImkan;Etx<s;. edIm,IcMNayticExSePøIgKYrmanRbEvgxøI .

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

TMlaktg;süúgEdlbNþalmkBIRbEvgExS GanuPaBEdl)at;bg;elIExS KWersIusþgrbs;ExS. vaRtUvkartg;süúgbB¢ÚanfamBlqøgkat;ExS nigersIusþg

rbs;ExS tg;süúgx<s;RtUvkarCacaM)ac;. brimaNtg;süúgEdlRtUvkaredIm,IbB¢ÚanfamBlqøgkat;ExS

ehAfa TMlaktg;süúg.

c,ab;TI 1 kMueRbIExSePøIgEvgCagRbEvgEdlRtUvkar

c,ab;TI 2 tMélTMlaktg;süúgsMrab;RbB½næ 12v:ul minelIsBI 0>5v:ul. tMélTMlaktg;süúg

sMrab;RbB½næ 24v:ul minelIsBI 1v:ul.

1 brimaNGKÁIsnIrt;kñúgExSrePøIg

2 muxkat;ExSr ¬KitCamIlIEm:Rtkaer: ¦

3 RbEvgExSr ¬KitCa Em:Rt¦

c,ab;TI 3

eRbIR)as;RbePTExSrePøIgeGayRtUveTAtamkargar. ExSrePøIgeRbIsMrab;bgáb;RtUvEtmanGiusULg; EdlFn; nwgkarkb;eRkamdI. ExSrePIøgEdlP¢ab;CamYynwgpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitüRtUvEtmanGIusULg;EdlFn;nwg GakasFatuxageRkA)an. ExSrePøIgEdlmanGIusULg;Fn;nigGakasFatuxageRkA)anl¥ minRtUvkb; rW dak; eGayRtUvnwgBnøWRBHGaTitükñúgkMLúgeBlyUrenaHeT.

6>3 RbePTExSrePøIg

TMhMExSCamUldæanRKwHsMxan;bMput manExSrCaeRcInRbePTxus²KñaeTAtambridæanepSg²Kña

ExSrcMlg

elahFatuEdlGaccMlgGKÁIsnI)anRtUv)aneKehAfa ExSrcMlg.

Photovoltaic


eTaHbICaExSrePøIgeFVIBIExSrcMlgGaluymIjÚmExSrePøIgEdleRbIR)as;pÞH ehIy nigeRbIR)as;tamkEnøgeFVI BaNiC¢kmμ CaTUeTAKW ExSrTg;Edg.

ExSrTg;EdgmanlkçNrwg CaTUeTARtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;enAtampÞH. vamanExSrcMlgTg;EdgrwgmYy EdlsßitenAkñúgbMBg;GIusULg;mYy ¬rUbPaBTI 57>b¦. ExSrEdlmanlkçNrwgCaFmμtaman tMélefak b:uEnþvarwg ehIyRbsinebIeyIgBt;eTA Bt;mk vanig)ak;.

rUbTI 57 RbePTExSrcMlg (UNESCO manual)

eKeRbIExSrePøIgEdleFVIeLIgBIsrésExSrtUc²CaeRcInrMubBa©ÚlKñaCa)ac;kñúgrnæGIusULg;. vaRtUv)aneK ehAfarbMuExSrBIeRBaHvaeFVIeLIgBIsrésExSrtUc²CaeRcIn ¬rUbTI57/a¦. eTaHbICasrésnimYy²tUc EtsrésTaMgenaHRKb;RKan;;ruMbBa©ÚlKñabegáIt)anCaExSrEtmYy Edl manTMhMesμ Ir nigExSrrwgmYyEdr. ]TahrN¾RbsinebIsrésnimYy² manTMhM 0>1 mIlIEm:Rtkaer:/ enaH srésExSrcMnYn 25 nigeRbI begáIt)anExSrmYysrésmanmuxkat; 2>5 mIlIEm:Rtkaer:. GtßRbeyaCn_d¾sMxan;énExSrsþg;da KW Gacbt;Ebn)an. CalkçNGKÁIsnI minmanPaBxusKña rvagExSrrwg nig ExSrrbMu EdlmanTMhMb:unKña. ExSrwgmantMél efakehIyl¥sMrab;karbMBak;CaGcié®nþ. ExSrbMuCaTUeTAl¥bMputsMrab;kareRbIR)as; NamYyEdlExSrePøIg minRtUv)aneKbMBak;nigkEnøgNamYyCaGcié®nþ. GuIsULg; GIusULg;enAelIExSr KWdak;kñúgeKalbMNgsMxan;edIm,IkarBareRKaHfñak;karb:HKñaéncrnþGKÁIsnI dUecñHK μan kar)at;bg;crnþGKÁisnItamry³karlicFøayeTAtamsMParEdlenACMvijExSr. GIusULg;dak;edIm,IeGaymansuvtßiPaBpgEdr ¬rUbTI58¦. cMeBaHpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü mantg;süúgTab

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

eRKaHfñak;GKÁIsnIqk; KWmingaynigekIteLIgeT EtGKÁIP½y rW ePøIgeqHpÞH GacekItmaneLIg ebIExSr manGIusULg;minl¥ ¬qøgePøIg¦. ExSrePøIg karrYmpSMrvagExSnimYy²EdlmanGIusULg;eGayeTACaExSrEtmYy RtUv)aneKeGayeQ μaHfa ExSrePøIg. CaFmμtakarrt;ExSrePøIgenAkñugpÞHeKeRbIExSrePøIgEdlmanExSrcMlgBIdac;BIKña ¬rUbTI58¦. ExSrePøIgman ExSrcMlgbI rW eRcIn ExSrePøIgEdlmanExSrcMlgeRcInmanGIusULg;2RsTab;. GIusULg;RsTab;eRkA eRsabelIExSrePøIgdak;CamYyKñaCaeRcIn ehIyGIusULg; xagkñúgCaRsTab;eRsabelIExSrePøIgnImYy² dac;BIKña. sMrab;ExSrePøIgkñúgpÞH man2ExScMlgman KuNsm,tþieRcInCagkareRbIExSrePøIgEdlmanExSr cMlgEtmYy cMnYnBIr.

rUbTI 58 ExSePøIgEdlmanExScMlgBIr (adapted from UNESCO manual)

6>4 kareRCIserIsmuxRtwmRtUvénExS tamry³c,ab;énExScMlgmanlkçx½NÐ 3 kñúgkareRCIserIsExSePøIgeGay)anRtwmRtUv.

1 crnþEdlqøgkat;ExS

2 muxkat;ExS ¬KitCa mIlIEm:Rtkaer: ¦

3 RbEvgExS ¬KitCa Em:Rt ¦

Photovoltaic


CaTUeTA man2krNIkñúgkarKNnamuxExSeGay)anRtwmRtUvsMrab;eRbICamYyRbB½næsULatampÞH • karKNnamuxkat;ExS • kareRbIR)as;tarageRCIserIsExS

6>4>1 karKNnamuxkat;ExS

TMhMmuxkat;ExSePøIgGacKNnatamrUbmnþ 2

2( ) c

loss

L PS mmUη κ×

=× × 6.1

Edl³ A Camuxkat;ExS (mIlIEm:Rtkaer:)

Lc CaRbEvgExS = RbEvgExSviC¢man ÷ RbEvgExSGviC¢man/ RbEvgExSeTAehIynigmk (Em:Rt)

P famBldwkCBa¢ÚntamExS (va:t;)

V RbB½nætg;süúg (vu:l)

k emKuN ¬Tg;Edg kcu=56; GaluymIjÚm kAl=34, KitCa¬ Em:Rt/GUmEm:Rtkaer: ¦

eKcat;Tukfa lc =2 x L ¬RbEvgBitR)akd/ ]TahrN¾ ExSrvagGaKuy nig GMBUl

22

2( )loss

L PS mmUη κ

× ×=

× × 6.2

RbsinebI 3 5%lossη = ÷ KWl¥RbesIsMrab;RbB½næbnÞHRsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü ¬kñúgkarKNnaeKyk ηloss

témø 4 PaKry ¦ TMhMBitR)akdmYyénExSrcMlg Tg;Edg nig GaluymIjÚ:m RtUv)anKNna³

S (mm2) = 0.006x L (m) x P (W), sMrab;ExSrcMlgTg;Edg 6>3

S (mm2) = 0.010x L (m) x P (W), sMrab;ExSrcMlgGalumIjÚm 6>4

rW eday P=UxI

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

S (mm2) = 0.074 x L (m) x I (A), sMrab;ExSrcMlgTg;Edg

S (mm2) = 0.123 x L (m) x I (A) sMrab;ExSrcMlgGalumIjÚm 6>5

cMeBaHrUmmnþxagelI ebIeKdwgGanuPaB ¬KitCava:t;¦ ebIeKdwgcrnþ¬KitCaGMEB¦ eKeRbIrUmmn xageRkam.

enAkñúgesckþIbEnßm2bgøajBItaragénTMhMExSrCak;lak;EdleFVIGMBITg;Edg EdlbegáIteLIgedayKNna tamrUbmnþ. dUcKñaEdr cMeBaHtaragénTMhMExSrsMrab;RbePTepSgeTot énExScMlg nig RbBæ½ntg;süúgNamYy.

]TahrN¾ 6>1 manesoKVImYyEdlmanGMBUlRtUvkarcrnþ 4GMEB edIm,IdMenIrkar ehIyEdlman cMgay 5 Em:Rt BIGaKuy eyIgGac

rUbTI 59 ]TahrN¾énesoKVIbMPøWFm μtamYy (adapted from KAMWORKS)

KNna

S (mm2) = 0.074 X 4 GMEB X 5 Em:Rt

S = 1.48 mIlIEm:Rtkaer:

ehIycMeBaHkareRCIserIsExSlkçNsþg;daenAtamTIpSarEdlGayeRbIR)as;)anKWesμ I rW FM Cag 1>48 mIlIEm:Rtkaer:. kñúgkrNIenH ExSlkçNsþg;da 1>5 mIlIEm:Rtkaer: KWGaceRbIR)as;)an.

sMKal; eyIgRtUveRbIRbEvgRtUveFVItamkarBit ¬ emIl]TahrN¾ kñúgrUb 60 ¦

Photovoltaic


rUbTI 60 RbEvgExSBitR)akd (adapted from UNESCO manual)

6>4>2 kareRbIR)as;tarageRCIserIsExS

tMélBitR)akdenAkñúg TMhMBitR)akd taragTI 3 KWRtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþ ¬6>1 sMrab; ExScMlgTg;Edg¦ taragénExS CaTMhMExSsþg;daEdlmanenAtamTIpSar ¬emIltaragTI3¦. taragTI !-@ sMrab;eRbICamYynwgtg;süúgGaKuy !@v:ul pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitünig]bkrN¾epSg² ehIy taragTI #-$ sMrab;eRbICamYyRbB½nætg;süúg @$v:ul .

tarag 3 taragExSsþg;da sMrab;eRbICamYyRbB½nætg;süúg !@v:ul (adapted from UNESCO manual)

Load Wire Length In Meters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Watts Amperes

Standard Size Wire Needed (Square Millimeters)

5 0.42 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

10 0.83 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

15 1.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

20 1.67 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

25 2.08 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 30

2.50 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4

35 2.92 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4

40 3.33 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 4

]TahrN_^>@ ³ TUrTsSn_B’NeRbIcrnþCab;sIuGanuPaB#0v:at; nigeRbIeRkamtg;süúg !@v:ul. cMgay rvag GaKuynigTUrTsSn_manRbEvg #Em:Rt.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

KNnaTMhMExSEdlRtUveRbIedaydwgfa TMlak;tg;süúgenAcugExSminFMCag 0>%v:ul.

dMenaHRsay³

edayeRbItaragTI3 tamdMnak;kaldUcxageRkam³

- cUrGñkemIlenACYrQrRtg;cMnucEdlmanelx #0v:at; ¬RBYjB’NRkhm¦

- bnÞab;mkemIlcuHeRkamRtg;RbEvgExSEdlmanelx # Em:Rt ¬RBYjB’Nexov¦

- cMnucCYbéncugRBYjTaMgBIrKWCasþg;daTMhMExSEdlRtUveRbI EdlTMlak;tg;süúgenA cugExStUc-Cag 0>%v:ul . ¬enAkñúg]TahrN_enHeyIgRtUveRCIserIsExSEdlmanTMhM !>% mI-lIEm:Rtkaer¦

taragenHGaceRbIsMrab;eRCIserIsTMhMExSsMrab;P¢ab;BI ]bkrN_eTAGaKuy nigP¢ab;BI GaKuyeTA pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü;.

]TahrN_ ^>#³ TUrTwkkkmYysIuGanuPaB &%v:at; nigeRbIeRkamtg;süúg !@v:ul. KNnaRbEvgExS Edl RtUveRbIedaydwgfaExSmanTMhM @>%mIlIEm:Rtkaer ehIyTMlak;tg;süúgenAcugExStUcCag 0>%v:ul.

dMenaHRsay³

cUremIlBICYrQrRtg;cMnucEdlmanGanuPaB &%v:at; eTAxagsþaMrhUtdl;cMnucEdlExSmanTMhM @>%mIlIEm:Rtkaer rYcemIleLIgeTAelIRtg;cMnucRbEvgExS³ eyIg)anRbEvgExSGtibrmaBIGaKuy eTATUrTwkkkmanRbEvg%Em:RtEdlTMlak;tg;süúg enAcugExStUc CagrWes μ I 0>%v:ul¬taragTI$¦ .

Photovoltaic


tarag 4 karKNnaRbEvgExSGtibrma Load Wire Length In Meters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Watts Amperes

Standard Size Wire Needed (Square Millimeters)

… … … …

65 5.42 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 8

70 5.83 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8

75 6.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8

80 6.67 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8

85 7.08 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8

90 7.50 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 10

6>4>3 eRbItarageRCIserIsExSsMrab;P¢ab;BI]bkrN_eRcIneTAGaKuy

sn μtfa Gñkman]bkrN_eRbIR)as;#RbePTEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgExSEtmYydUc)anbgðajkñúgTMB½r xageRkam. ]bmafaGñkmanTUrTsSn_ ! kgðar! nigGMBUlGKÁisnI ! EdlP¢ab;eTAnwgGaKuytamExS EtmYy. ]bkrN_ TaMgenHman):ar:aEm:RtdUcbgðajkñúgrUbPaB ^! . kñúg]TahrN_enH ExSRtUv)anP¢ab;Ca # kMnat;esoKVI ³ - kMnat;TI! P¢ab;BIGaKuyeTA ]bkrN_TImYy ¬TUrTsSn_¦ ³ ExSkMnat;enHminRtwmEtpþl;crnþ GKÁisnIeTA eGayTUrTsSn_b:ueNÑaHeT Etvak¾pþl;eTAeGay kgðar nig GMBUlpgEdr ¬^0 ÷ @$ ÷ !# = (& v:at;¦ . - kMnat;TI@ P¢ab;BI]bkrN_TImYyeTA]bkrN_TI@ ¬BITUrTsSn_eTA kgðar¦ ³ ExSkMnat;enHpþl; crnþ GKÁis-nIeTA kgðar nig GMBUl ¬GanuPaBsrub #& v:at;¦ . - kMnat;TI# P¢ab;BI]bkrN_TI2eTA]bkrN_TI3 ¬BIkgðareTAGMBUl¦ ³ ExSkMnat;enHpþl;crnþ GKÁis-nIeTAGMBUl ¬manGanuPaB !# v:at;¦ . dMenaHRsaysMrab;krNIEdlP¢ab;CamYy]bkrN_eRcInGaceFVI)antam @ dMnak;kal ³

- dMnak;kalTImYy ³ eRbItaragTI# sMrab;KNnaTMhMExSEdlRtUveRbIsMrab;]bkrN_ nImYy² RbsinebI ]bkrN_nImYy²RtUv)anP¢ab;KñaeTAvijeTAmk.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

- dMnak;kalTIBIr ³ pÁÜbExSTaMgenaHcUlKña eyIgsegáteXIjfaTMhMExSenaHekIneLIgesÞIrEt es μ InwgTMhM sþg;da .

rUbTI 61 ]bkrN_ # RbePTRtUv)anP¢ab;eTAExSEtmYy (adapted from UNESCO manual)

dMenaHRsayGacsegçbdUckñúgtaragTI % xageRkam ³

Photovoltaic


tarag 5 krNI]bkrN_eRcInP¢ab;eTAnwgExSEtmYy

d MN ak ;k al v :at ; RbEvg ¬Em :Rt ¦ m uxk at ;¬Em :Rt k ae r¦ m uxk at ;¬Em :Rt k ae r¦s þg ;d a

GaK uyeTAT UrTsSn_ 60 2 0.80

GaK uyeTAkgðar 24 4 0.64

GaK uyeTAGMB Ul 13 7 0.61

GaK uyeTAT UrTsSn_ 97 2.05 2.5

TUrTsSn_eTAkgðar 35 1.25 1.5

kgðareTAGMB Ul 11 0.61 1.5

d MN ak ;k al T I@ k arP ¢ab ;ExS

d MN ak ;k al T I! k arK N nas Mrab ;]bk rN _m Yy

sMKal; ³ - viFIenHGaceRbIsMrab;kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_eRcIn eday EbgEckesoKVICakMnat;dUc²Kña . -TMhMExSFm μtarbs;GWr:ub@RbePTKW !>%mIlIEm:Rtkaer nig @>% mIlIEm:Rtkaer . ExSTaMgBIrRbePTenH mantMélxusKñabnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaH ebIeFobeTAnwgtMélsrubén RbB½næGKÁisnIBnøWRBHGaTitüEtkar)at;bg; enAelIExSFMmankMritTab . kñúg]TahrN_enH CaCMerIsd¾l¥ eyIgRtUveRCIserIsExSEdlmanTMhM @>%mIlI Em:RtkaersMrab;RKb;esoKVITaMgGs; .

6>4>4 TMhMExSsMrab;]bkrN_EdledIredaym:UT½r

taragv:at;nigGMEBr enAelI]bkrN_GKÁisnIKWCatMélEdleRbIkñúglx½NÐdMenIrkarFmμta. ]TahrN_ TUrTwkkkmYybgðajGanuPaBRtUvkar ^0v:at; eRkamtg;süúg!@v:ul. mann½yfaenAeBl dMenIrkarvaRtUv-karcrnþGKÁisnI %GMEBrBIGaKuy .

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

edayELk m:UT½rGKÁisnIRtUvkarcrnþFMsMrab;dMenIrkardMbUg KWesμ InwgeRcIndgéncrnþEdl RtUvkarkñúg lkçx½NÑdMenIrkarFm μta. edIm,IkarBarnUvTMlak;tg;süúgEdlmantMélFM eyIgRtUv eRCIserIsTMhMExS EdlP¢ab;eTAnwg]bkrN_EdledIredaym:UT½r ¬]TahrN_ ³TUrTwkkk m:asIune)ak exaGav nigm:UT½rbUmTwk¦ mantMély:agehacNas;es μ Inwg@dgénGanuPaBrWcrnþEdl]bkrN_ sIukñúglkçx½NÑdMenIr karFm μta .

sMKal;³kgðarminRtUvkarcrnþFMsMrab;dMenIrkardMbUgeTehIyvak¾minRtUvkarExSEdlmanTMhMFMEdr .

k,ÜnKNnaTMhMExSTI $

ExSEdlP¢ab;BIGaKuyeTATUrTwkkk m:UT½rbUmTwk m:asIune)akexaGav rW]bkrN_EdledIreday m:UT½repSg eTotRtUvkarcMlgcrnþGKÁisnIy:agehacNas;es μ Inwg @dgéncrnþkñúgeBldMenIrkar. kñúgkareRbItarag eyIgRtUvyktMélesμ Inwg @dgéntMélGanuPaBrWcrnþ EdleRCIserIssMrab; ]bkrN_EdledIredaym:UT½r .

]TahrN_ ^>$³ TUrTwkkkmYysIuGanuPaB *0v:at;¬rUbPaB $(¦. KNnaTMhMExSEdlP¢ab;BIGaKuy Edl-mantg;süúg!@v:uleTATUrTwkkkedaydwgfa cMgayBITUrTwkkkeTAGaKuymanRbEvg#Em:Rt ehIy TMlak;tg;süúg enAcugExSmantMél tUcCag 0>%v:ul .

dMeNaHRsay

TUrTwkkk KWCa]bkrN_EdledIredaym:UT½r dUecñH vasIuGanuPaB @x*0= !^0v:at; enAeBlcab;epþIm dMenIr kardMbUg . tamtaragTI # eyIg)an TMhMExSsMrab; GanuPaB *0v:at; ehIy manRbEvg #Em:Rt KW !>^mIlIEm:Rtkaer. dUecñH sMrab;GanuPaB!^0v:at;= #>@ mIlIEm:Rtkaer. b:uEnþ TMhMExSsþg;daEdl RtUveRbIKW $ mIlIEm:Rtkaer .

Photovoltaic


]TahrN_ ^>5 ³KNnaTMhMExSEdlRtUveRbIsMrab;esoKVIxageRkam ¬ KAMWORKS ¦

muxkat;ExS cMgay

eTAGa-Kuy

kMrit-famBl

(W)

kMritGMEBr

(A)

muxkat;ExS

(mm2)

muxkat;ExSrYm

muxkat;ExS

sþg;dar

bnÞHsULa(A) 4 120 1000 3,33 4

kuMBüÚT½ryYréd (B) 8 35 2,92 1,84 2,5

GaKuy (C) 6,5 155 12,92 5,17

cMNaMTI1³ muxkat;RbePT B GacbBa¢ÚncrnþeBlpÞúkBIbnÞHsULaeTA kan;kuMBüÚT½ryYréd. dUcenHTMhM muxkat;ExSRtUvbUkbBa©ÚlKñarvag (bnÞHsULa-GaKuy) nig(kuMBüÚT½ryYréd-GaKuy) (§6.4.3).

cMNaMTI2³kñúgkarKNnaTMhMmuxkat;ExSnImYy² RtUvEtdwgBIRbEvgBitR)akdBI bnÞHsULa-GaKuy rW bnÞúk-

GaKuy ehIykñúg]TahrN_enHvaesμ I A+B= 4 + 0,5 =4,5m nig C+ B = 8,5m .

lMhat;TI21³ KNnaRbEvgGtibrima nigmuxkat;ExS? kñúg]TahrN_enH

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

lMhat;TI22³ ( eyagtam esoePA KAMWKS)

-RbB½n§tg;süúg 24V

-GMBUl 6W

-m:asuInedr 144W

-bnÞHfamBlRBHGaTitü 48Wp

-RbEvgExS A=3m

B=0,5m C=40m D=5m

va:t; (Watts) crnþFMbMput (A) TMhMExS muxkat;ExSFMbMput (sþg;dar) 24 24/12=2A 1,5

Photovoltaic


muxkat;ExS RbEvg

(m)

kMritfamBl (W)

kMritGMEBr

(A)

muxkat;ExS

BitR)akd (mm2)

muxkat;ExSrYm muxkat;ExS

sþg;dar

bnÞHsULa(A)

GMBUl (C)

m:asuIn (D)

GaKuy (B)

cMNaM³ ]bkrN_eRbIR)as; EdlP¢ab;nigmuxkat; (D) KWRtUveRbICamYynigm:UT½r ¬m:asuInedr¦

lMhat;TI23³ KNnaRbEvgExSEdlEvgbMputRtUveRbI? TUrTsSn_ 10W,12Vmuxkat;ExS 2,5mm2

va:t; (Watts) crnþFMbMput (A) TMhMExS muxkat;ExSFMbMput (sþg;dar) 10 2.5

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

7 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;

7>1 esckþIepþIm

kardMeLIgRbB½n§famBlBnøWRBHGaTitükñúgeKalbMNgyk eTAeRbIR)as;kñúg ]bkrN_eGLicRtUnic tamtMrUvkarrbs;eyIgdUcCa GMBUl/ TUrTwkkk/ ]bkrN_cak; vIedGU/ m:aej/ viTüú/m:UT½rbUmT½r ehIy ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;famBlGKÁIsnImYycMnYneTotEdleRbIfamBlRBHGaTitü.

enAeBldMeLIgRbBn§½famBlRBHGaTitüdMbUg eKRtUvKiteTAdl;famBlsrubrbs;]bkrN_ EtebIsin Cacg;dMeLIgcMnYn]bkrN_eRbIR)as;EdlP¢ab;nwgRbBn§½famBlRBHGaTitü eyIgRtUvdMeLIgbnÞHfamBl RBHGaTitünigGaKuyeGayFMCagmun.

ebI]bkN_eRbIR)as;fμ IRtUv)aneKP¢ab;eTAnwgRbBn§½famBlRBHGaTitü edayBuM)andMeLIgTMhMrbs;va enaH GayukaleRbIR)as;rbs;GaKuykan;EtxøI ehIydMeNIrkarrbs;RbBn§½famBlRBHGaTitürbs;eyIgBuM man PaBRbRktIenaHeT .

7>2 GMBUlGKÁisnI

PaKeRcInén]bkrN_eRbIR)as;KW GMBUlGKÁisnI. eKmanGMBUlGKÁisnI2RbePT³ GMBUlmUl nig GMBUlEmRt. GMBUlmUl PøWenAeBlEdlmancrnþqøgkat;mankMedA ¬rUbTI 62 a¦. GMBUlmUlx¢H x¢ayfamBl va samBaØmantMélefak.

(a) (b)

rUbTI 62 GMBUlGKÁisnI (a) GMBUlmUl nig (b) GMBUlEmRt

GMBUlEmRtmanlkçN³sμ úKsμajCagGMBUlmUlvamanBnøWxøaMgCagGMBUlmUl cMeBaHGanuPaBdUcKña. GMBUl

EmRtRtUvkarePøIg DC ecjBIsULa dUcKñanwgkareRbICamYyGaKuy.

Photovoltaic


dMeLIgGMBUlenAkEnøgNaEdlcaM)ac; ]TahrN_ enAelIBida Rtg;cMnuckNþall¥bMput ¬rUbTI63¦.

rUbTI 63 dMeLIgGMBUlenAkEnøgEdlcaM)ac;

cUreFVIy:agNa[ExSEdleRbIxøIbMput rwtcMNgExSePøIg 7>3 TUrTwkkk

GñkGaceRbIR)as;TUrTwkkktUcmYyedaydMeLIgGaMgEvkT½rtUcEdlmanKuNPaBl¥ edIm,IbMElg ePøIgBIcrnþ

Cab;eTACacrnþqøas;. kardMeLIgRbB½næsULaBiessmYysMrab;TUrTwkkktUcmantMél efak eRBaHfaePøIg

EdlecjGaMgEvkT½reRbIsMrab;EtTUrTwkkkb:ueNÑaH ehIyTUrTwkkksuIePøIgticCag tMélFmμtarbs;va.

dUcenH eKdMeLIgRbB½næsULa nig GaKuytUcmYy.

TUrTwkkksuIePøIgeRcInCag GMBUl12 kñúgry³eBl 4em:ag. ebIsineKbEnßmTUrTwkkkeTAkñúgRbB½næsULa

RtUvKitfa etIpÞaMgsULa nig GaKuyGacpÁt;pÁg;)anrWeT.

rUbTI 64 TUrTwkkksuIePøIgeRcInCag GMBUl

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

7>4 TUrkøaes

TUkøaesmansuItNðPaBRtCak;xøaMg dUcenHvaRtUvkarfamBlCaeRcIn. edIm,I[Twkkk nigrkSa Gahar

eKdMeLIgpÞaMgkBa©k;sULanigGaKuyEdlmanGanuPaBFM ebImindUcenHvaRKan;EtRtCak;. eKdMeLIgpÞaMg

kBa©k;sULanigGaKuyEdlmanGanuPaBeTVdg sMrab;TUkøaes xusBITUrTwkkk.

rUbTI 65 TUrkøaes 7>5 vIedGU nigTUrTsSn_ eTaHbICa eyIgGacTijk,alcak;vIedGU nigTUrTsSn_EdlvadMeNIrkaredaypÞal;BIRbB½næsULa k¾eday BYkvaminEtgEtgayRsYlnwgEsVgrkeT. PaKeRcIn vIedGU nigTUrTsSn_ TaMgenaHRtUvEtmandMeLIg ]bkrN_bMElgfamBlsMrab;bMElgtg;süúgTab crnþCab;rbs;RbB½næ eTAtg;süúgx<s; crnþqøas;tamtMrUv karrbs;vIedGU nigTUrTsSn_. ]bkrN_bMElgenH CaFm μta eKehAfa]bkrN_ bMElgcrnþCab;eTAcrnþqøas; GaMgEv:kT½r EdlvamantMéléfø nigRtUvkarfamBlxageRkA edIm,IdMeNIrkarbUkrYmnwgfamBlpþl;eTA eGay]bkrN_eRbIR)as;. GaMgEv:kT½rRtUvmanTMhMRtUvKñanwg ]bkrN_eRbIR)as; edIm,IeGaykareRbIR)as; famBlRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigRtUv )anbiTCamYy]bkrN_eRbIR)as;.

rUbTI 66 TUrTsSn_

Photovoltaic


7>6 viTüú nig]bkrN_esþer:GU CaTUeTA viTüú nig esþer:GU minGacdMeNIrkaredaypÞal;BIkarpÁt;pÁg;rbs;famBlsULaeT. BYkvaRtUv kar]bkrN_bMElgtg;süúg. BYkvaCaFmμtaRtUvedatcUlkñúgqñab;crnþGKÁisnI Cab;CBa¢aMg]bkrN_enaH bMElg crnþCab; eTA crnþqøas; caM)ac;RtUveRbI GaMgEv:kT½r. ebIBYkvamandMeNIrkaredayGaKuy sMrab;kar pÁt;pÁg; enaH]bkrN_ bMElg crnþCab; caM)ac;RtUveRbI. CaFmμta viTüú nigesþer:GU sIufamBlticCagGMBUlePøIg. Cak;Esþg esþer:GUTMhMFM sIufamBlCagGMBUlePøIg BIr b¤bI dUecñHpÞaMgsULaCaeRcInCaRtUvkardMeLIg.

rUbTI 67 viTüú nig ]bkrN_esþer:GU 7>7 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;epSg²

ma:sIunsVanGKÁisnI kgðar nigma:sIunbU‘mtUc²RtUv)aneRbIR)as; EteBlxøH]bkrN_bMElgfamBl mantMémø éføEdlcaM)ac;RtUveRbI .

qñaMgGu‘tGKÁisnIBiessGaceRbIR)as;)anCamYynwgRbB½næsULab:uEnþBYkvasIufamBlGKÁisnI CaeRcIn dUecñH pÞaMgsULad¾FM nigGaKuyd¾FMRtUvkarCacaM)ac; RbsinebIqñaMgGu‘tRtUv)aneRbICajwkjab;.

rUbTI 68 kgðar

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

]bkrN_GKÁisnITaMgLayGacdMeNIrkaredayRbB½næsULa ebIRbBn§½vamanTMhMRtwmRtUv ehIypþl;famBl GKiÁsnIRKb;RKan;. eRBaHEtpÞaMgsULanigGaKuymantMéléfø ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;nanaEdlsIufamBleRcIn dUcCa ma:sIunRtCak; qñaMgGu‘tcMhayTwk nig]bkrN_cMGinmðÚb GKiÁsnICaeRcIn minRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;.

segçb

kareRCIserIs]bkrN_sMrab;kareRbIR)as;CamYyRbB½næsULa KWeRCIserIsyk]bkrN_NaEdleKbegáIt sMrab;eRbIR)as;CamYyfamBlRbB½næsULa. tMrUvkartg;süúgrbs;vaRtUvKñaCamYynwgtg;süúgrbs;GaKuy elIkElgEt]bkrN_bMElgfamBlRtUv)an tMeLIgpgEdr. ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;minRtUvbEnßmcUlkñúg RbB½næsULa edayK μankarbEnßmcMnYnpÞaMgsULanigTMhMrbs;GaKuyeT edIm,IedaHRsaytMrUvkarekIneLIgén brimaNfamBlGKÁIsnI.

Photovoltaic


8 karKNnaTMhMrbs;RbBn§½sULa

8>1 esckþIepþIm

edIm,IeGayRbB½næsULadMeNIrkar)anl¥ karkMNt;TMhMxñatrbs;pÞaMgsULa nigGaKuyRtUvEt sIuKñaCamYy nwgfamBlRtUvkarrbs;]bkrN_eRbIR)as;. CaFm μta pÞaMgsULa nigGaKuyman tMéléfø kñúgkarsnSMR)ak; eyIgeFIVya:gNaeGaykartMeLIgpÞaMgsULatUcbMput nig GaKuytUcbMput. viFIenHKW minsUvGnuvtþn_ nig vaminR)akdCasnSMR)ak; BIeRBaHRbBn§½sULaEdlmanTMhMtUceRbIsMrab;pÁt;pÁg;]bkrN_ vamandMeNIrkar minRtwmRtUveT ehIyGaKuynwgRtUv)anCMnYs eFVIeGaymantMélx<s;. karkMNt;TMhMxñatrbs;RbBn§½rYmmandUcxageRkam ¬sUmemIlenAtaragbEnßmTI5¦

karkMNt;TMhMrbs;pÞaMgsULa karkMNt;TMhMrbs;GaKuy karkMNt;TMhMrbs;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü karkMNt;TMhMrbs;ExSePIøg

8>2 karKNnaTMhMxñatRtwmRtUvrbs;pÞaMgsULa ]bkrN_suIfamBlKitCa v:at;ema:g ¬Watt-hours¦ ehIy pÞaMgsULaplitfamBlKitCav:at;ema:g. kñúgRbBn§½sULa ebIpÞaMgsULamanTMhMtUceBk vaminsak¬bBa©ÚlePIøg¦GaKuyRKb;RKan;Caerogral;éf¶eT CIviteRbIR)as;rbs;GaKuynwgRtUv)anfycuH CagRbBn§½sULaEdlmansmtßPaBpÞaMgsULaRKb;RKan;.

8>2>1 famBlGKÁisnI)at;bg ;

PaKeRcInénfamBlEdlTTYl)anBIpÞaMgsULaRtUv)anpÞúkkñúgGaKuy munnwgykeTAeRbIR)as; ehIy fam-BlkñúgGaKuyEtgEtm)at;bg;. famBlEdl)at;bg;enH RtUv)anpþl;edaypÞaMgsULa ehIymin)an ykeTAeRbIR)as;CamYy]bkrN_epSg². elIsBIenHfamBltictYc KWEtgEt)at;bg;enAkñúgExSePøIg nig]bkrN_RtYtBinitü eTaHbICaExSePøIgmanTMhMRtwmRtUv nig ]bkrN_RtYtBinitümandMeNIrkarRtwmRtUv k¾eday.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

kar)at;bg;kñúgExS/ karkMnt;TMhMxñatrbs;ExS eKRtUvdwgfa kar)at;bg;tg;süúg KWRbEhl ^°. mann½yfa eKRtUvkat;bnßyTinñplpÞaMgsULaedayemKuN Vl=0,96 . kar)at;bg;kñúgkarbMElg kkarbMElgCak;EsþgénfamBlGKÁisnIeTACaKImI ehIyRtlb;vij KImI Ca-famBlGKÁisnIEdlekIteLIgkñúgGaKuy dUcenHkar)at;bg;famBlRtUvEtman. kñúgkarGnuvtþn_ !0° énkar)at;bg;GacTTYlyk)an. eKkat;bnßyTinñplma:suInePIøgeday emKuN Vc=0,90. kar)at;bg;EdlbNþalmkBIbMEr:bMrYl ¬kardMeLIgminRtUv¦ kar)at;bg;TaMgenH mkBIkMrittg;süúg ERbRbYl kñúgeBldMeNIrkar. ]TahrN_ tg;süúgGaKuyGaRs½yeTAnwg sItuNðPaB nigkars‘akrbs;va. mann½yfa ma:suInePøIg mandMeNIrkareRkABIcMNucfamBlGtibrimaEdlRsbeBlnwg dUcKñaEdrcMeBaH RbB½næsULavaGaRs½y elIkaMBnWø nigsItuNðPaB. GefrPaBéntg;süúg RtUv)anehAfa kardMeLIgminRtUv ehIy eKkMnt;;kar)at;bg;famBlCamFüm !0°. dUecñH emKuNénkar)at;bg;bEnßm KW Vm=0,90. emKuNkar)at;bg;srub³

0.96 0.9 0.9l c mV V V V= × × = × × = 0.78; 8.1

vas½kásmbMput cMeBaH]bkrN_suIfamBl 100 v:atema:g ¬Watt-hours¦ eKRtUvkarfamBlsULa ya:gehacNas; 130 v:atema:g. 30 v:atema:gsMrab;)at;bg; kñúgGaKuy ExSePøIg nig ]bkrN_ RtYt-Binitü. 8>2>2 emKuNsMrab;pÞaMgkB©ak;

emKuNsMrab;pÞaMgkBa©k; (PGF)

kñúgRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYcbMput Tinñn½yerobCataraggayyl;minmaneT. edIm,I):an;sμanTinñplfamBl rbs;pÞaMgsULaeKeRbI emKuNsMrab;pÞaMgkBa©k;(PGF)³ lT§PaBrbs;pÞaMgsULa 1Wp edIm,IbegáIt famBlGKÁisnIRbcaMéf¶sMrab;sßanPaBGakasFatuxøH (UNESCO manual). emKuNsMrab;pÞaMgkBa©k; rab;bBa©ÚlRbsiT§PaBTaMLayrbs;pÞaMgsULa ¬tMrg;Tisrbs;pÞaMgsULa FUlIdIenAelIva sItuNðPaB GaRs½y nwgTinñplfamBl¦ nigRbsiT§PaBénTItaMgPUmisaRsþkñúgtMbn;¬BnWøRBHGaTitü¦. tMélRbhak;RbEhl PGF GacKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam³

2PGF LDSR(kWh/m ) Panel efficiency (%)= × 8.2

Photovoltaic


kñúgrUbmnþenH LDSR KWCakaMBnWøRBHGaTitüRbcaMéf¶ticbMput ¬KitCa kWh/m2/day¦ éntMbn;kñúgqñaM. ]TahrN_ LDSR=4.58 kWh/m2/day sMrab;TIRkugevogc½nÞénRbeTsLavkñúgExsIha. CaTUeTA RbsiT§PaBpÞaMgsULaKWRbEhl ^$° ¬sUmemIltaragTI6¦ tarag 6 RbsiT§PaBRbB½næsULa (Dolbelman, 2007)

lMdab;(%) témøTUeTA (%)

kartMrg;TisEdlminl¥ 5-10 5

FUlIdIenAelI pÞaMgsULa 5-10 5

RbsiT§PaBsItuNðPaBelIpÞaMgsULa 0-20 16 (at 60oC)

kartMerobminRtUv 5-15 10

kar)at;bg;elIpÞaMgsULasrub 36%

RbsiT§PaBpÞaMgsULa 64%

cMeBaHTIRkugevogc½nÞ³ PGF=4.58 x 64% = 2.93

mann½yfa³ 1Wp énpÞaMgsULaGacbegáItfamBlGKÁisnIya:gehacNas; 2.93 Wh v:atema:gCaerogral; éf¶. kñúgtaragelx & bgðajBIniymn½yénGakasFatuxøH² nig tMélRtUvKñaCamYy PGF.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

tarag 7 karkMnt;GakasFatu nig tMélRtUvKñaCamYy PGF (UNESCO manual 2001)

RbePTGakasFatu lkçN³TUeTA PGF

1 manBnøwxøaMgCagGakasFatutMbn;RtUBic edaysarry³eBl éf¶ yUrehIyemXK μanBBk rw manbnþicbnþÜcry³eBl 3 eTA 4éf¶ b:ueNÑaH.

3>86

2 CaGakasFatutMbn;RtUBicEdlmanBBkxøH²esÞIrEtral;éf¶. kar RKb;dNþb;edayBBksuT§manry³minelIsBI 5éf¶eLIy.

3>43

3 manBBkBI 5 eTA 7 éf¶CaeTogTat; b:uEnþeBlxøHk¾manemX RslHBI3 rw eRcInéf¶pgEdr.

3>00

4 manBBkeRcIn cab;BI 10éf¶ rw k¾eRcInéf¶ekIteLIgCaeTogTat; nig kRmmanéf¶NaEdlemXRslHeLIy.

2>57

segçb pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüRtUv)antMeLIgtamtMrUvkarfamBlRbcaMéf¶ tageday E (kWh/day).

PVEP

PGF V=

×; 8.3

eday V = 0.78 dUecñH 1/V = 1.3

eyIg)an 1,3PV

EPPGF

×= ; 8.4

enAkñúgtaragTI7man 5CMhankñúgkarKNnaTMhMpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü edayEp¥keTAelIkareRbIR)as; PGF. ]TahrN_³ karbgðajBIkarKNnatMrUvkarfamBlRbcaMéf¶ nigkarkMNt;TMhMkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü sMrab;suxPaBsaFarN³enAkñúgRbeTsLav.

Photovoltaic


8>2>3 karkMNt;TMhMpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü kñúgtarag 8 man 5cMnuckñúgkarkMNt;TMhMkBa©k;famBlBnøWRBHGaTitü. tarag 8 5CMhankñúgkarkMnt;TMhMkBa©k;RsUbBnøWRBHGaTitü edayeRbI PGF (adapted from

TTM_UNESCO 2001)

CMhanTI1 KNnatMélfamBl¬v:at;em:ag¦kñúgmYyéf¶EdlsuIeday]bkrN_eRbIR)as;nImYy² CMhanTI2 bEnßmfamBl ¬v:atem:ag¦ EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;]bkrN_TaMgGs; edIm,ITTYl)an

famBl ¬v:atem:ag¦ srubkñúg 1éf¶ EdlfamBlEdlEfmenaH)ansuIeday ]bkrN_TaMgenaH.

CMhanTI3 KuNfamBl¬v:at;em:ag¦srubrbs;]bkrN_TaMgGs; kñúg1éf¶ nwg 1>3 edIm,ITTYl)antMélfamBl ¬v:at;em:ag¦ srubkñúg1éf¶ ehIydac;xatRtUvEtpÁt;pÁg; edaypÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü.

CMhanTI4 EckfamBlsrubkñúg1éf¶ ¬v:atem:ag¦ nwg PGF tamtMbn;rbs;Gñk. CMhanTI5 EcktMélGnuPaBsrubrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü nig GanuParbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;

BnøWRBHGaTitünimYy². dUecñH eyIgTTYl)ancMnYnpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü. KNnafamBlEdlsuIeday]bkrN_eRbIR)as;sMrab;mYyéf¶ edIm,IKNnacMnYnpÞaMgBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüeGayRtUvKñanwgfamBlsMrab;éf¶nImYy² dMbUg eKRtUvdwgcMnYn famBlCav:atem:agEdlRtUvkareday]bkrN_TaMgGs;enaHCaerogral;éf¶. bnÞab;mktMeLIgcMnYnrbs;va edIm,ITUTateTAnwgkMhatbg;famBltamExSrnigkñúgGaKuymuneBlEdlpþl;eTAeGay]bkrN_eRbIR)as;.

]TahrN¾³ KNnaTMhMpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøwRBHGaTitü sMrab;eRbIR)as;CamYynwg]bkrN_xagelI³

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

CMhanTI1: famBlRbcaMéf¶sMrab;]bkrN_nImYy²

]bkrN_ (bnÞúk)

tg;süúg (V)

GanuPaB (W)

ry³eBleRbI R)as;RbcaMéf¶ (hours)

famleRbIR)as;RbcaMéf¶ (Wh=Powerxhours)

cMNaM

GMBUl 12 6 4 24

TUrTsSn_ 12 48 5 240

viTüú 12 20 3 60

…… …. …. …. ….

CMhanTI2: famBleRbIR)as; srubRbcaMéf¶

74 W 324 Wh

CMhanTI3³ famBlsrubEdlkBa©k;famBlBnøWRBHGaTitücaM)ac;RtUvpÁt;pÁg;eGayral;éf¶ PV(Wh)=CMhanTI2 x 1.3

famBlsrubEdlpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü RtUvpþl;eGayral;éf¶

421 Wh

CMhanTI4³ cMnYnv:at;srubGtibrimaEdlkBa©k;famBlRBHGaTitüRtUvkarCMhanTI3/ PGF (Wp)

kñúgkrNIRkugevogc½nÞmantMélFM: PGF=2.93 144 Wp

CMhanTI5³cMnYnsrubénbnÞHfamBlRBHGaTitüEdl)aneRbI³ CMhanTI4³ cMnYnTMhMbnÞHfamBl RBHGaTitüEdlGacTTYlyk)an.

tMeLIgtMéleGayxitCitelxEdlFMbMput 2.88 3 x 50 Wp =150 Wp RbsinebI 50 Wp bnÞH)aneRbIR)as;

RbsinebI 75 Wp bnÞH)aneRbIR)as; 1.92 2 x 75 Wp = 150 Wp

Photovoltaic


8>3 karkMNt;TMhMGaKuy

GaKuyRtUvkareRbICacaM)ac;BIeRBaHfa ]bkrN_TaMgGs;eRbIR)as;famBlGKÁIsnIeBlxus²Kña ehIyeBl xøHfamBlEdlplitedaypÞaMgkBa©k;BnøwRBHGaTitüminRKb;RKan;. GaKuycaM)ac;RtUvmankMriténkarsak famBly:agCak;lak; nigmanTMhMpÞúkfamBl)aneRcIn. ebIeRbIR)as;CamYyRbB½næEdlRtUvkarfamBl eRcIn ehIyeRbIedaymanPaBsuRkitenaH eKRtUvkarGaKuypÞúkfamBl)aneRcIn edIm,IkarBarkgVHxat famBlenAeBlyb; rWenAéf¶NaEdlmanBBk. kñúgkarkMNt;TMhMGaKuy eKRtUvdak;GaKuyNaEdl GacpÞúkfamBl)aneRcInya:gehacNas;k¾GaceRbIR)as;)an5éf¶edaymin)ansakfamBl. enAtMbn; EdlmanBBkeRcInRtUvkareRbIR)as;GaKuyEdlmanTMhMFMCacaM)ac;. KNnaGaKuyrbs;RbB½næsULaenAtampÞHGaceFVItamCMh‘andUcxageRkam ¬tarag9¦³ tarag 9 4CMh‘ankñúgkarkMNt;TMhMGaKuy (TTM_UNESCO 2001)

CMhanTI1 KNnafamBl¬v:atem:ag¦kñúgmYyéf¶EdlsuIeday]brN_nImYy²

CMhanTI2 tMélfamBl ¬v:atem:ag¦ srubkñúgmYyéf¶EdlsuIeday]bkrN_TaMgGs;

CMhanTI3 KuNfamBl¬v:atem:ag¦nwg 5dg sMrab;karepÞrfamBly:ageRcInKuNnwg 7>5dg sMrab;GaKuyEdlmankarEfTaMtictYc rW k¾KuNnwg 10dgsMrab;GaKuyLan.

CMhanTI4 EcklT§lplEdlTTYl)ankñúgCMhanTI3 CamYynwg tg;süúgrbs;GaKuy ¬]> 12v:ul¦. lT§plEdleKTTYl)anCaGMEBrem:agEdlCaTMhMrbs;GaKuy kñúg GRtabenÞr C10. RbsinebIGaKuyEdleyIgcg;eRbIenaHeGaymanGRtabenÞr C100 enaHeyIgcaM)ac;RtUvKuNtMélGMEBrem:ag nwg 1>5.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

]TahrN_ eRbITinñn½yEdlTTYl)anBI]TahrN_xagelI edIm,IkMnt;TMhMGaKuysMrab;RbB½næsULa enA-tampÞH

CMhanTI1 famBlRbcaMéf¶ KitCav:at;em:agkñúgmYyéf¶ suIeday]bkrN_nImYy²

]bkrN_eRbIR)as; (bnÞúk)

tg;süúg (V)

GanuPaB (W) cMnYnem:ageRbI R)as;RbcaMéf¶

famBleRbIRbcaMéf¶ (Wh=GanuPaBxem:ag)

cMnaM

GMBUl 12 6 4 24

TUrTsSn’ 12 48 5 240

viTüú 12 20 3 60

…… …. …. …. ….

CMhanTI2: famBleRbIR)as; RbcaMéf¶srub

74 W 324Wh

CMhanTI3: famBlsrubEdlGacsþúkTuk)an KitCav:at;em:ag dUecñH ]bkrN_GaceRbIR)as;)anry³ eBl5éf¶edayK μankarsakfamBl ehIyGaKuyTaMgGs;CaRbePTGaKuyxus²Kña ¬GMEBrem:ag=v:at;em:ag¼tMéltg;süúgRbB½n§GaKuy¦

3240 Wh 270 Ah

2430 Wh 203 Ah

GaKuyLanFmμta: CMhanTI2x 10

GaKuyEdlmankartMEhTaMtictYc: CMhanTI2x 7>5 3240 Wh 135 Ah

CMhanTI4: kMNt;cMnYnGaKuyEdl)aneRbI³ CMhanTI3¼TMhMGaKuyEdlGacTTYlyk)an KitCa GMEBr em:ag. dMeLIgtMéllT§pleGayxiteTACitcMnYnEdlFMbMput. benÞredayK μankarsakes μ Inwg 10dg.

1>80 2 x 150 Ah

1>69 2 x 120 Ah

GaKuyLanFmμta: 150 Ah

GaKuyEdlmankartMEhTaMtictYc: 120 Ah

GRtarelIkarsaknigepÞrrbs;GaKuy: 150Ah or 75Ah 0>90 1 x 150 Ah rw 2 x 75Ah

Photovoltaic


8>4 karkMnt;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü³

]bkrN_RtYtBinitükarsakrbs;GaKuycaM)ac;RtUvEtmanGanuPaBRKb;RKan; edIm,IeGaycrnþGtibrimaEdl TTYl)anmkBIpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitüykeTAsakGaKuy. crnþEdl)anmkBIpÞaMgkBa©k;BnøWRBHGaTitü GacKNna)an tamry³karEckGanuPaB pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitüCamYynwgtMéltg;süúgrbs;va. ]TahrN_³ RbsinebIeyIgcg;P¢ab;RbB½n§RtYtBinitüeTAnwgpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitüEdlmanGanuPaB 150v:at nig12v:ul. dUecñH tMélcrnþEdlRtUvqøgkat;]bkrN_RtYtBinitüya:gehacNas;= 150¼12=12>50GMEBr. ]bkrN_PaKeRcInRtUvkartMélcrnþFMenAeBlEdlcab;dMenIrkardMbUg ehIyrkSatMéledImvij. CaBiess m:UT½rGKÁisnIcaM)ac;RtUvkarcrnþcab;epþImdMbUg 3dg edIm,IdMeNIrkar. dUecñH ]bkrN_RtYtBinitücaM)ac;RtUv EtmantMélGMEBry:agsmrmü edIm,IkarBarnwgcrnþGtibrimarbs;bnÞúkrYmbBa©Úl TaMgdMeNIrkardMbUgrbs; m:UT½rpgEdr. c,ab;eméd

RbB½n§EdlKμanm:UT½rGKÁisnI ]bkrN_RtYtBinitücaM)ac;RtUvmankarepÞrcrnþes μ IrnigcrnþEdleRbI R)as;

TaMgGs;eGayFMCag 1.5 dg.

sMrab;RbB½n§dMenIrkarmanm:UT½r 1 bnÞúksMrab;bBa¢am:UT½rdMbUgRtUvKiteGayFMCagbnÞúk enAeBl dMenIrk-

arFmμta 3 dg .

dUecñH enAkñúg]TahrN_rbs;eyIg bnÞúksrubKW 48W+6W+20W=74W ¬emIlCMhanTI1¦ crnþdMenIrk-arsrubKW 74/12=6.17GMEBr Kμan]bkrN_eRbICamYym:UT½r dUecñH ]bkrN_RtYtBinitü man-crnþy:agticNas; 6.17 X 1.5 = 9.25 GMEBr.

]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

tg;süúg GanuPaB crnþ crnþGtibrma

Epñk sak 12 150 12.50 A 12.5 A

Epñk epÞr 12 74 6.17 A 9.25 A (=6.17 x 1.5)

kñúgkrNIenH TMhM]bkrN_RtYtBinitüRtUveRbI 15/15

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

8>5 karkMnt;ExSr

]bmafa eyIgnwgbegáItRbB½n§sULadUcrUbxageRkam nigeRbIlT§plEdl)anedaHRsayxagelIedaydak;

pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü (150 Wp)

TMhM;ExS Epñk RbEvg

m GanuPaB Watts

crnþGtibrima A

TMhMBit mm2

TMhMP¢ab; mm2

tambridæan mm2

bnÞHsULa (A) 3 150 12.50 3.70 4

GMBUl (C) 4 6 0.50 0.19 1.5

TUrTsSn_ & viTüú (D)

3 68 5.67 1.68 2.5

GaKuy (B) 1 224 18.67 5.57 6

sMKal; ³ Epñk B KWsMrab;bBa©ÚlcrnþeTAGaKuy ¬GanuPaB¦ EdlplitedaypÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü nigsMrab;beBa©j crnþykeTAeGay]bkrN_. ehtudUecñH TMhMExSénEpñkenH KWesμ InwgTMhMExSEdleRbIkñúgEpñk A, C nig D rYmbBa©ÚlKña .

Photovoltaic


c,ab;eméd³ • crnþGtibrimaBIbnÞHpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü eKEtgbgðajelIpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü b¤ lkçN³ rbs;

pÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü dUcCa Isc (crnþqøgePøIg). ebIeKmindwg crnþGtibrimaénpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü KW RtUvcg;caMfa GanuPaBesμ InwgplKuNrvagtg;süúgnigcrnþ

• ExSsMrab;]bkrN_eRbIm:UT½r ExSP¢ab;BI]bkrN_eTAm:UT½r ¬TUrTwkkk m:asIune)akexaGav m:asIun bUmTwk…¦ KYrkMnt;eGayFMCag 2dgy:agtic TaMgGanuPaB rWcrnþeRbIR)as;kñúglkçx½NÐ Fmμta enAeBldMenIrkar. cMNaM c,ab;enHelIkElgcMeBaHExSP¢ab;eTAkan;kgðaeT

lMhat;TI 13 KNnapÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü GaKuy nig]bkrN_RtYtBinitü ]TahrN_rUbxageRkam

lMhat;TI 14 kMnt;TMhMRbB½n§ eKeRbI]bkrN_bMElgcrnþ dUecñHkar)at;bg;elI]bkrN_enaHRtUvrab;bBa©Úl .

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

9 kardMeLIgRbB½n§sULa

9>1 ]bkrN_eRbIR)as;

kñúgtaragxageRkam bgðaj]bkrN_sMxan;EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;dMeLIgRbB½n§sULatampÞH¬taragTI 10¦.

tarag 10 ]bkrN_sMxan;sMrab; dMeLIgRbB½n§sULatampÞH (KAMWORKS)

]bkrN_ muxgar rUbPaBén]bkrN_ nig bMerIbMras;

Rbdab;kat;ExS erobcMExS kat; citcMbk

Rbdab;sRmUtExS hUtyksMbkExS

mu:lTIEm:Rt sMrab;vas; tg;süúg crnþ nig ersI-usþg;

TulLWvIs ¬mux 2 nig mux 4¦

rwtbnþwgb‘ULúg nig ex©A

RtIvis½y EsVgrkTisedA én pÞaMgkBa©k; RBHGaTitü

9>2 kardMeLIgpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü

kardMeLIgpÞaMgkBa©k;RBHGaTitü RbB½n§sULatampÞHCaGcéRnþy_dak;enAtamTMrg;

• pÞaMgkBa©k;RtUvdak;s‘um karBarsuvtißPaBpÞaMgkBa©k;kñúgkardMeLIg

Photovoltaic


• kardMeLIgpÞaMgkBa©k; RtUvFanakMu[eRcHsIu; manlMnwg nigsuvtßiPaBénkarP¢ab;. pÞaMgkBa©k; RtUvEt GacTb;Tl;nwgkMlaMgxül;Edlmanel,Óndl; 160 km/h (100 mph) edayKμankarxUcxat.

• eKdMeLIgvaedayRtUvnwgmMumYyCak;lak; edIm,ITTYl)anfamBlGtibrimaBIRBHGaTitü; ¬]TahrN_ ExEdlmankMedACamFümticbMputRbcaMéf¶¦ mMusMrab;RbeTsLav eKGaceRCIserIsRbEhlBI cenøaH 15-25º eFobépÞedkeday dak;EbreTATisxagt,Úg ¬tMélTabsMrab;PaKxagt,ÚgénépÞ RbeTstMélx<s;bMputsMrab;PaKxageCIg¦.1

• pÞaMgkBa©k;Gacdak;enAelIdMbUl nig elIdI. kñúgkrNIdak;elIdMbUl karP¢ab;nwgdMbUl KWykex©A nig b‘ULúgEdlmineRcH EdkeKalEdlGacrlugeBleRbIyUr. cMgayticbMputrvag pÞaMgkBa©k; nigdMbUlKWRtUvXøat 10cm. cMeBaH kardak;pÞal;dI RtUvP¢ab;nwgelah³ ebtug rW eQI¬vimaRtTUeTA 20cm) ehIydak;XøatBIdI 3.5m y:agtic. TMrEdlRTpÞaMgkBa©k;enHRtUvdak;kb;cUlkñúgebtug rW dIENnl¥ y:agehac Nas;eGay)anCMerA 150 cm.

karP¢ab;pÞaMgkBa©k; karP¢ab;pÞaMgkBa©k;k¾mansar³sMxan;Edr pÞaMgkBa©k;PaKeRcInmanex©A edIm,IeGayCab; )anl¥. e-TaHCay:agenaHkþI ex©AGacrlugbnþicmþg² eTAtameBlevla nig CacaM)ac;Nas; RtUvEtsMGat nigrwttMnpÞaMgkBa©k;eGay)anmþgkñúgmYyqñaMy:agtic edIm,IeGaykMritrlug manPaBtUcbMput.

9>3 kardak;ExSrePøIg

kartPöab;ExS kartPöab;ExSk μ úgRbB½n§famBlRBHGaTitüRtUvEtl¥ eRBaHtg;süúgGaceFVIeGayGKÁisnIqøgkat; TabcMeBaH tMnminl¥bMput. enAkñúgcrnþqøas;tg;süúgKW 10 eTA 20 dgFMCagRbB½n§famBl RBHGaTitü. dUecñH tMnExSEdll¥sMrab;crnþqøas;RbEhlminl¥sMrab;RbB½n§RBHGaTitüeT ¬rUb69¦. tMnEdl)anBI karRt)aj;ExScUlKña tMenIrkarl¥cMeBaHry³eBlxøIb:ueNÑaH eRBaHkarRt)aj;Gacrlug nig eRcHbnÞab;BIeRbI ry³eBlyUrenaHtMnnwgGacmankar)at;bg;famBlx<s; nig køayCabBaða.

1 ExEdlmanfamBlRBHGaTitüticbMputenALavKWkñúgExsIha TIenaHRBHGaTitükat;kñúg 85˚-90˚ cenøaH e-nAkNþaléf¶Rtg; enaHmann½yfa PaBeTrénbnÞHsULasMrab;km<úCa KYrEt EbreTA Tisxagt,Úg ¬cat;TukExEdlmanRBHGaTitüticbMput enAkm<úCa k¾enAExsIhaEdr¦.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 69 tMNExSkñúgRbB½n§crnþqøas; minGacGnuvtþn_)ansMrab;RbB½n§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü (adapted from UNESCO manual)

kartdMNedaypSar nigmYlGgáaj;cUlKñaGacCakarRbesIrEdr RbsinCadMNenaHman PaBRtwmRtUvl¥ . b:uEnþkareFVIEbbenH vaCakarlM)akkñúgkarrk]bkrN_sMrab;teGay)anRtwmRtUv. sMrab;kardMeLIg RbB½n§GKÁisnIBnøWRBHGaTitü viFIEdlsmrmükñúgkartdMNExSePøIg KWeRbIR)as;dMNRbePTvIs ¬dUmINU¦ ¬rUbPaB 70¦. vIsGacrwtbnþwgcMnucdMN EdlminbgáeGayman eRcH rWsñwmehIydMNnwgmansPaBl¥. minEtb:ueNÑaH dMNRbePTenHEfmTaMggayRsYlkñúgkarsMGateTotpg . dUecñH eTaHCamansñwmekIt mank¾eday eKGacpøas;bþÚrf μ IedayK μankarlM)ak .

rUbTI 70 dMNRbePTvIs CadMNl¥sMrab;RbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü

Photovoltaic


9>4 kartMeLIg]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

karP¢ab;]bkrN_RtYtBinitücaM)ac;RtUveFVIeTAtamkarENnaMrbs;Gñkplit.

rUbTI 71 ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitütampÞH

vamansar³sMxan;Nas; EdlGñkRtUvtExSePøIgeGay)anRtwmRtUv ¬rUbTI71¦. b:UlviC¢manrbs;ExS EdlecjBIGaKuy RtUvteTAb:UlviC¢manrbs;GaKuyenAelI;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü. b:UlviC¢manEdlecjBI pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitüRtUvteTAb:UlviC¢manrbs;pÞaMgenHEdlenAelI;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü. RbsinebI;]bkrN_ RtYtBinitümin)anP¢ab;RtwmRtUv vaminGacdMeNIrkar)an ehIy]bkrN_RtYtBinitünigGaKuyvaGacxUc.

]bkrN_RtYtBinitüxøHRtUv)anP¢ab;CamYyGaKuymunnwgP¢ab;eTApÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü. eyIgRtUvGnuvtþneTA tamkarENnaMkñúgkartMeLIgedayRby½tñRbEyg.

]bkrN_RtYtBinitüRtUvdak;kEnøgmansItuNðPaBTab EdlminzitcMBnøWRBHGaTitü nigtMnk;ePøóg ehIy enACitGaKuy. kartP¢ab;RtUveFVIeTAtamkarENnaM ehIyral;dMNTaMgGs;RtUvCab;ENnl¥. cMgayrvag]bkrN_RtYtBinitünigGaKuyGacbNþaleGaymanbBaðaxøH eRBaHfavamankarlM)aksMrab; ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüvas;bnÞúkkñúgGaKuyBIcMgay. vaCakarRbesIr RbsinCakarP¢ab;rvag ]bkrN_RtYt BinitünigGaKuymancMgayminelIsBI 2Em:Rt nigmineRkam 1Em:Rt.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

9>5 kardMeLIgGaKuy

karP¢ab;GaKuy karP¢ab;eTAGaKuymansar³sMxan;enAeBlEdlfamBlTaMgGs;sMrab;pÞúkkñúgGaKuy ehIysMrab;eRbIR)as; ]bkrN_GKÁisnITaMgGs;. ral;kartP¢ab;GaKuyRtUvEteRbIdMNRbePTvIs ecosvagkareRbIdMNRbePT xÞas; rWruMExSePøIgCMuvijb:Ulrbs;GaKuyeLIy ¬rUbTI72¦.

(a) (b)

rUbTI 72 kartGaKuyminRtwmRtUv

kartGaKuyEdll¥ KWeFVIeLIgCamYyvIsEdleRbIsMrab;P¢ab;eTAb:Ulrbs;GaKuy ¬rUbTI73>k¦. karP¢ab; eGayENnEtgEteRbICamYyGaKuyrfynþEdl minmandMeNIrkarl¥sMrab;ry³eBlyUr. vanwgbgáeGay mansñwmehIytRmUveGaykarsMGatral; 6Ex. dUecñH kar)at;bg;KWenAkMritTab ¬rUbPaB 73 >x¦.

(a) (b)

rUbTI 73 karP¢ab;eGayENnrbs;GaKuyLan kartMeLIgGaKuyf μ I • sMrab;GaKuyf μ ImYyEdlmaneGLicRtUlIt¬GasuIt¦Rsab; dMbUgeKRtUvdwgnUvkMritTwkGasuIteGayRtwm

RtUvbnÞab;mkeFVIkarP¢ab;eTAGaKuy. • ebIGaKuyfμ ImanGasuItRsab; b:uEnþmanpøakmYyrWeRcInKWmankMriteGLicRtUlItminRKb;RKan; eKRtUv

bEnßmGasuItmuneBlP¢ab;eTARbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü.

Photovoltaic


• ebIGaKuyfμ IminmanGasuItkñúgpøaknImYy²eT eyIgRtUvbBa©ÚlTwkGasuIteTAkñúgpøakTaMgGs;. eyIgRtUv RbugRby½tñcMeBaHTwkGasuIt eRBaHvaGacbNþaleRKaHfñak;dl;EPñk Es,k nig sMelokbMBak;eyIg.

• kñúgkarbBa©ÚlGasuIteTAkñúgpøaknImYy²RtUvRbRBwtþeTAyWt² dMbUgeyIgRtUvcak;bnþiceTAkñúgpøakmYy sin bnÞab;mkcak;bnþiceTAkñúgpøakmYyeTotrhUtdl;RKb;pøakTaMgGs;muneBl bEnßmeTAkñúgpøak dMbUgvij. eyIgRtUveFVIrebobenHrhUtdl;kMritRtwmRtUvsMrab;pøaknImYy² . enHnwgFanafaGñkmin bMeBjGasuIteTAkñúgpøakelOneBk.

• RKb;krNITaMgGs; GaKuyRtUvEtsakfamBlBIpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitüy:agticBIréf¶sin eTIbGacyk eTApÁt;pÁg;eGayGMBUl rW]bkrN_GKÁisnIepSg².

10 karEfTaMRbB½n§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü

10>1 eskþIepþIm

pÞH TUk sUm,IEtragkayrbs;GñkGacnwgenAyUrGEgVg nigRbRBwtþeTAl¥RbesIr RbsinebImankartMEhTaM. karbnþkarEfTaMenHRtUv)aneKehAfa :tMEhTaM :. RbB½n§pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü k¾RtUvkarEfTaMEdr. karEfTaM rYmbBa¢ÚlTaMgkarCYsCulRbB½n§ eKRtUvkarEfTaMRbB½n§munnwgvaxUcxat. RbePTénkarEfTaMenH ehAfa :karEfTaMEbbkarBarCamun : ehIyvamansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;RbB½n§ BnøWRBHGaTitü. karxUcxatelIRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitüekIteLIgyWt² ehIykartMEhTaMedayminmanKuN PaBl¥ EtgEteFVI eGayGayukalrbs;GaKuykan;EtxøI EtvaminEmnxUcxatPøam²eT. 10>2 etIRtUveFVIGVIxøHkñúgGMLúkeBlEfTaM?

• GñkKYrEtsYrGMBIdMeNIrkarrbs;RbB½n§elIbBaðaxøH² • RKb;Epñkrbs;RbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitüRtUv)anBinitüsMrab;kareRbIR)as;RtwmRtUv karsMGat nig kart

l¥RbesIr • ]bkrN_Edlmanlkçx½NÐminRbRktI RtUvCYsCul rWpøas;bþÚrfμ I • RtUv)anBinitüeGayc,as;fa K μankarpøas;bþÚrNamYy EdlK μankarGnuBaØat • Kñúgry³eBleFVIkarEfTaM RtUvkt;RtaTuknUvskm μPaBTaMgGs;

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

10>3 c,ab;kñúgkarEfTaM (from UNESCO manual)

karEfTaMRtUvGnuvtþ[eTogTat; karRtYtBinitüRbcaMEx CakarRbesIrsMrab;GaKuy eTAelI]bkrN_epSg² eTaHbICaminmanbBaða eKRtUvBinitüral;6Exmþg.

rUbTI 74 bBaðaekIteLIgcMeBaHpÞaMgRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü

rUbTI 75 kardMeLIg nigkarEfTaMpÞaMgRbB½n§BnøWRBHGaTitü minRtwmRtUv (REEPRO survey)

pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitü • BinitüeGayc,as;nUvkardak;pÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitüeGayCab;rwgmaM • BinitüeGayc,as;nUvpÞaMgkBa©k;minmanEbk rWxUcxat • BinitüRbGb;dMNeGayc,as;faExSePøIgP¢ab;l¥ nigpÞaMgkarBarTwkminxUcxat ¬rUbTI74¦. • BinitüemIlfaetImanbBaðar)aMgBnøWEdlbNþaledaysarEtrukçCati rW karsagsg;GaKar fμ I. ebI

man eyIgRtUvkab;edImeQIecj rW pøas;TIpÞaMgBnøWRBHGaTitüenHeTAkEnøgRslH ¬rUbTI 75¦. ExScMlg

• BinitüeRsamExScMlgmanEbk)ak;rIeT?

• BinitüExSEdlcgeTAnwgGKar edIm,IR)akdfavaCab;l¥ nigminGackkiteTAnIgRCugRsYc enAeBl manxSl;bk;.

Photovoltaic


• BinitüeGayR)akdfaTMhMExSRtwmRtUvmanRbePTGIusULg;RtwmRtUv ehIyRtUv)anP©ab; RtwmRtUv e-TAnig kEnøgfIμrbs;va.

• RbsinebImannrNamñak;bEnßmExSedayKμankarGnujati cUrdkvaecj

• BinitüemIl muxtMNrbs;ExSr nigkarP¢ab;rbs;va

(a) (b)

rUbTI 76 karP¢ab;ExSnigdMeLIg]bkrN_minRtwmRtUv

]bkN_RtYtBiinitü • Binitüfa]bkN_RtYtBiinitüP¢ab;rIeT?

• rkSa]bkN_RtYtBiinitüeGays¥atCanic©

]bkN_eRbIR)as; • ebIk]bkrN_eRbIR)as;nImYy²ehIyBinitüsMrab;kareRbIR)as;RtwmRtUv

• Binitü]bkN_eRbIR)as; etIdak;smRsbrWeT?

• sMGatRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;EdlemIleXIjrbs;]bkN_eRbIR)as;

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

kaEfTaMGaKuyEdlmankarEfTaMtictYc • BinitüelIsñwmRtg;muxdMN sMGat nig ritbENÑnebIvacaM)ac;. labeRbgma:suInelImuxdMN. min

RtUvlabeRbgelIEpVkNamYYyénGaKuyeT elIkElgEtenARtg;muxtMN.

• sMGatGaKuyedayeRbITwks¥atnig kMNat;sMrab;CUt.

RbePTGaKuyEdlebIkKMrb;)an • sMGatk,alGaKuy (rUb77) . BinitüPaBtwgENnnigsñImRtg;muxdMN.

• BinitüemIlpøaknImYy²edayeRbIGIuRdUEm:RtehIy kt;lTiæplTuk.

• RbsinebIpøakNamYymankMritTwkTab, cUrbEnßmTwksuTæehUtdl;kMritRtwmRtUv. minRtU-vbEnßmGasIuteT KWRtUvbEnßmTwkEtmYymuxKt;.

• RbsinebIKMrbrbs;pøakNamYyénGaKuy)at; rW xUc cUrRKbrnæenaHCamYy)asiçk rW EkvrhUt manKMrbRtwmRtUvsMrab;RKbva. minRtUvRKbrnæenaHCamYyRkdas; qVúkdb kMNat; rW EdkeT.

• sMGatGaKuy edayeRbITIks¥atnig kMNat;sMrab;Cut.

rUbTI 77 kartP©ab;nigkarEfTaMminRtwmRtUvrbs;GaKuy

Photovoltaic


10>4 karkt;RtaTukBIkarEfTaM

karEfTaMmuxtMNmantMéltUc b:uEnþvamansarsMxan;Nas;enAeBlman]bkrN_NamYyxUc. edayyk-citþTukdak;elIkarEfTaMmuxtMN vaGaceGayeyIgedaH)anPøamCamYybBaðaNamYy Edl ekItman-elIRbB½nærbs;eyIg.

rUbTI 78 karkt;RtaelIkarEfTaMmansarsMxan; (UNESCO manual)

karykcitþTukkarkt;RtaelIkarEfTaM bgajpgEdrfa Gñk)anEfTaM RbB½næ rbs;Gñk.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

11 rkbBaðaEdlekItmanelIRbB½næsULanigkarCusCul

11>1 esckIþepIþm

karerobcMdMeLIg EfTaMRtwmRtUvrbs;RbB½næfamBlBnøWRBHGaTitü GacTukcitþ)an nig GaceRbIR)as; )anyUr. b:uEnþminyUrminqab;nwgvanwgxUc karrkmUlehtuEdlxUc eKehAfa ( Troubleshooting) . kar eFIVeGayRbB½nædMeNIrkarvij eKehAfakarCusCul (Repair) .

11>2 RbePTénkarxUcrbs;RbB½næ

karxUcrbs;RbB½næsULaman 3 RbePT

TI1³ RbB½næQb; dMeNIrkarTaMgRsug. K μan]bkrN_NamYydMeNIrkarrT.

TI2³ ]bkrN_xøHdMeNIrkarFm μta. b:uEnþ]bkrN_xøHeTotmindMeNIrkar.

TI3³ RbB½nædMeNIrkar b:uEnþvaGs;famBlelÓneBk.

karxUcrbs;RbB½næ nImYy² manmUlehtuepSg²Kña ehIymanrebobedaHRsay epSg²Kña .

11>2>1 TI1 RbB½næTaMgmUl

CaFmμtakMhUtenHbNþalmkBIExS kartExSminRtImRtUvrhUtrbs;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü kargarTI1 EdlRtUv eFIVKWRtUvBinitüemIlkarsakGaKuyedayeRbIGIuRdUEm:RtrWvu:lEm:Rt. karBinitülTiæpl EdlGacekItman RtUveK)aneFVItamviFI xageRkam:

Photovoltaic


mUlehtuepSg² GVIEdlRtUveFVI viFIEktMrUv

GaKuyminsak³ CakMhusénkar Pöab;rvagGaKuy nigbnÞHBnøWRBHGaTitü

bnÞHBnøWRBHGaTitü rWExS Edl Pöab;bnÞHenH.

pþac;eCIgEdl Pöab;eTAcugbnÞHén]bkrN_ RtYtBinitükarsakGaKuy. Binitütg; süúgrvagcugTaMgBIénEdl Pöab;bnÞHenA eBlman BnøÍRBHGaTitü. RbsinebI tg; süúgtUcCag 12V. manbBaðaCamYybnÞH rWExSEdl Pöab;bnÞHenH.

pþac;bnÞHTaMgGs;ehIyBinitü edayykcitþTukcMeBaHdMeNIr karrbs;bnÞHnImYy²(tg;süúg GMEB).bþÚrbnÞHEdlmindMeNIr karRtwmRtUv.sMGatRKb;cug tMNTaMgGs;nigExS.tExSeLIgvijeGay)anRtwmRtUv.

]bkrN_RtYtBinitü Binitütg;süúgRtg;k,alGaKuy nigRtg; eCIgbnÞHelI]bkrN_RtYtBinitübnÞHsULa enAeBlmanBnøWRBHGaTitü. ebItg;süúg Rtg;k,alGaKuytUcCag 13.5V ehIy ebItg;süúgRtg;eCIgbnÞHFMCag 14V. ]bkrN_RtYtBinitüRbEhlCaxUc

bþÚr]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

Pöab;ExS rvag]bkrN_RtYt Binitü nig GaKuy.

ebIkePøIg]bkrN_TaMgGs;. vas;tg;süúg Rtg; cug ExSEdlPöab;GaKuy nig]bkrN_ RtYtBinitünigtg;süúgpÞal;Rtg;k,al Ga Kuy. ebItg;süúgFMCag1/2V enAelI ]bkrN_RtYtBinitütUcCagenAelIGaKuy. bgðajfamanbBaðaCamYykartExS

pþac;RKb;ExSTaMgGs; Rsay tMNTaMgGs;ecjBI k,al GaKuy . sMGatk,al tMN nigExSTaMgGs;. bþÚrExSenA kñúgdegáób nig cugtMN e-hIyritbENÑnRKb;tMN TaMgGs;.

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

ExStrvag]bkrN_ RtYtBinitü nig ]bkr N_eRbIR)as;)anxUc

Binitütg;süg;rbs;bnÞúkeRbIR)as; enA elIEpñkecjén

]bkrN_RtYtBinitü. ebItg;süg;rbs;bnÞúk KWRbhak; RbEhlCamYynig tg;süg;rbs;GaKuy enaHExSEdl trvag ]bkrN_RtYtBinitünig]bkrN_eRbIR)as; )an-xUc.

sMGatral;tMnrbþÚrExS

Na EdlxUc rW Edl-

manminTMhMminRtwm

RtUveTAnwgRbEvgEdl

eRbI

xUckugtak;

RbsinebImanEtkugtak;mYykñúgkarbBa¢aeRKOgTaMgGs;

enaHvaGacCaktþaEdltbNþaeGayxUc. Edayyk

ExSxøImYymkP¢ab;cugsgxagrbs;kugtak; RbsinebI

eRKOgTaMgenaHdMeNIrkar vabBa¢ak;fa kugtak;)an xUc

ehIy.

bþÚrkugtak;fμ I

PuysIub rW DIsüúgT½r Binitü ral;PuysIub nig DIsüúgT½r. ebIsinvacMh )ann½yfaesoKVIrbs;Gñk KW KYresoKVI dUcenH RtU-vBinitüral;ExS nig eRKOgeRbI R)as;rbs;Gñk.

eFIVeGayl¥eLIgvij nUv eRKOgeRbIR)as; EdlxUc rW ExSEdl minRtwmRtUv rYc pøas; PuysIubfμ I nig kac; DIsüúgT½rbiTvij.

Photovoltaic


GaKuyxUc

BinitüRKb;bnÞb;rbs;GaKuy edayeRbIGIu RdUEm:Rt. ebImanbnÞb;mYy rW eRcIn xusKña xøaMg enHbBa¢ak;fa GaKuyKWxUc. CaTUeTA bnÞb;EdlxUc EtgmanCab;kMnr BN¾s enAelIeGLicRdUt rbs;va. ebIbnÞb; KWman sPaBRbEhlKña EtkMBs;mines μ IKña RtUvt pÞaMgsULa eTAnigGaKuypÞal; ryHeBl BIr rW bIéf¶ edIm,IBinitüfaetIGaKuy pÞúk RtwmRtUv rW Gt;. ebI vaBitCapÞúkRtwmRtUv yk vaeTAeRbI kñúgRbBn§½sULaehIyBinitü emIldMeNIrkarrbs;va.

pøas;GaKuyfμ I nig Binitü pÞaMgsULa ]bkrN_RtYt Binitü nig ExS. edaHExS ecj eFIVkarsMGat eTIbP¢ab;eLIgvij.

GaKuymanbnÞúk³ enAeBlEdlGaKuymanbnÞúk Et eRKOgeRbIR)as;mineqH vabBa¢ak;fa kartExS rvag

GaKuy nig eRKOgTaMgenaH minRtwmRtUv

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

11>2>2 TI2 eRKOgeRbIR)as;mYycMnYnxUc

karxUcEbbenH KW PaKticNas;EdlbNþalmkBIpÞaMgkB©ak;rW GaKuy.

mUlehtuepSg² kargarEdlRtUveFIV vIFICYsCul

xUckugtak; edayykExSxøImYymkP¢ab;cugsgxagrbs;kugtak;

RbsinebIeRKOgTaMgenaHdMeNIrkar vabBa¢ak;fa kug-

tak;)anxUcehIy.

bþÚrkugtak;fμ I

eRKOgeRbIR)as; Edltxus

BinitüemIlkarP¢ab;rbs;eRKOgeRbIR)as;TaMgGs;.

cUrR)akdc,as;faExSrbs;eRKOgTTYl KWRtUv)an

P¢ab;eTAnwg ExSrbs;]bkrN_RtYtBinitü

P¢ab;ExSeGay)anRtwmRtUv

eRKOgTTYlxUc vas;tg;süúgrbs;GaKuy ebIvamantg;süúgTab RbEhlCa]bkrN_RtYtBinitüxUc. EtebItg;süúg elIsBI12v:ulvij eRbIExSf μ ImYyeTot EdlmanTMhM RtwmRtUv mkteRKOgTTYledaypÞal; eTAnwg GaKuy ebIeRKOgTTYlmineqHenaHeRKOgTTYlrbs;GñkxUc

CYsCul rW bþÚreRKOgTTYl

enaH.

]bkrN_RtYt

BinitüxUc

vas;tg;süúgrbs;GaKuy ebIvaTabCag11v:ul

]bkrN_RtYtBinitüKW)anxUc.

bþÚr]bkrN_RtYtBinitüf μ I

ExSEdl)aneRbI

KWman TMhMtUc

eBk rW RbEvg

vas;RbEvgExSBinitüfaetITMhMExSEdleRbIKWtUceBk

eFobnwgRbEvgrbs;varWGt;?

bþÚrExSEdlmanTMhMRtwmRtUv

Photovoltaic


mUlehtuepSg² kargarEdlRtUveFIV vIFICYsCul

EvgeBk

tExSFUreBk edaHExS rvag GaKuy nig eRKOgTTYl ecjTaMgGs;

sMGatExS nig cugsgxagrbs;GaKuy. P¢ab;ExSvij

nig rwgbNþwgmuxtMnr

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

11>2>3 TI3³ RbB½nædMeNIrkar b:uEnþvaGs;famBlelÓneBk

ekItmanCajwkjab;cMeBaHRbB½næsULa GacbNþaleGaymanbBaðaepSgeTot mann½fakarsakminRKb;

RKan;:


sPaBminRtwmRtUv

cMeBaHkarsak

bNþalmkBI møb;)aMgpÞaMgsULa BIBnøW RBHGaTitü pÞaMgsULaxUc ExSEdleRbI manmuxkat;tUc kartExS minl¥ rW pÞaMg sULarbs;Gñkmin)anEbrcMTisedA EdlmanBnøW

bM)at;nUvral;r)aMgEdlXaMgmineGay BnøWRBHGaTitüCHdl;pÞaMgsULa rW Ebr pÞaMgrbs;GñkeGaycM RBHGaTi-tü. RtUvbþÚrpÞaMgsULafμ IebIxUc nig erobcM ExSeGay)anRtwmRtUvnig sMGatpÞaMg sULarbs;Gñk

karbEnßmnUveRKOg

TTYl rW eRbIeRKOg

TTYlEdl sIuePøWgxøaMg

kareFIVEbbenH eFIVeGayGaKuy epÞr qab;Gs;bnÞúkrbs;va

bEnßmcMnYnpÞaMgsULa nig tMeLIg

ka)a:sIuetrbs;GaKuy rW bnßycMnY-

neRKOgTTYl

eRbIR)as;eRKOgTTYl

yUr

kareFIVEbbenHeFIVeGayGaKuyepÞr elIsBIbnÞúkrbs;va

bEnßmcMnYnpÞaMgsULa nig dMeLIg bnÞúkrbs;GaKuy rWGñkRtUvkat; bnßyeBleRbIR)as;rbs;Gñk

sPaBminRtwmtUvén karEkéqñcMeBaH kar-sakbnÞúk

enHGacRtUv)aneKKNnatamry³kar eFVIetsCatMélGEMBem:ag. Rbsine-bIEsl1rWeRcIn bgðaBa PaBxusKña CaeRcInBIGaKuyepSg eTotrWk¾ GaKuy-EdlmanGayu eRcInCag 4qñaM. Rbsi-nebIGaKuymanGayu ticCag 4qñaM.

CMnYs]bkrN¾BinitüehIyPaBÉktþa ehIyminKYrCYsCul.

Photovoltaic



PaBxUc xatrbs;vaRtUv )anekIt eLIg edaysarbBaðaepSg eTotenA kñúgRbB½n§.enAeBlxøHGa KuymYy EdlticCagbYnqñaMRtUvEt pøas;va Bini-tüRbB½n§EdlenAsl; ya:gRbug Rby½tñ.cUrR)akdfabnÞHminenAkñúg møb;eBléf¶ehIy R)akdfaGñkeRbI R)as;KWminEmnBüayamcMnay

PaBminRtwmRtUvén karEkéqñ]bkrN_ RtYtBinitü

ehtuplEdlminGacPöab;eTAnwg Ga

KuyKWbNþalmkBIGaKuymunEdlGa-

ceGaypúÞukbnÞúukRtUv)an ykecj BI-

GaKuy.RbsinebIGaKuy )anbgða-

jeRcInCagBak;kNþalén tg;süúg

sakenAeBlEdlkarpÁt; pÁg;RtU)an

bBa¢b;karRtÚtBinitüepÞr bnÞúkRbEhl-

CabBa©b;énkarEkéqñ.

dUr]bkrN¾RtYtBinitü ehIyminKYr-CYsCul.

GaKuyexSayehIy minGacpÞuk)an RKb; RKan;edIm,IpÁt; pÁg;)an RKb;eBl.

enHGacRtUv)aneKKNnatamryH kar

eFVIetsCatMélGMEBem:ag. GaKuyKYEt

RtUv)aneKsgS½y RbsinebIEsl1

rWk¾eRcInbgðaBaÜPaBxusKñaCaeRcIndBIGa

CMnÚsGaKuysMrab;RtÚtBinitüman

karCMnÚsya:gRbugRby½tñ Rbsin-

CabnÞab;BIExdMbUgeFVIvarmþg

hak;dUcCaminRtUv)anpþl;famBleR

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO


KuyepSgeTotrWk¾ GaKuyEdlman-

GayueRcInCag4qñaM. RbsinebIGaKuy-

manGayutic Cag4qñaM. PaBxUcxat

rbs;vaRtUv )anekIteLIgedaysar

bBaðaepSgeTotenAkñúgRbB½n§. enAeBl

xøH GaKuymÚyEdlticCag4qñaMRtUv Et

pøas;vaBinitü RbB½næEdlenAesssl;

ya:gRbug Rby½tñ.cUrR)akdfabnÞHmin

manmøb;eBléf¶ehIyR)akdfaGñkeRbI

R)as; KWminEmnBüayameRbIR)as;

famBleRcInCagRbB½n§ vaminEmnCa

CMerIsedIm,IEckcayRKb;rbs; TaMgenH

RbEhlCamanxøIGayuxøI GaKuycas;²

ehIyRbsinebI crnþeRbIR)as;eTot

vanwgxUcdl;GaKuyfIμpgEdl.

cIndUckarrMBwgTukmÚyrWk¾eRcIn kñúg-

cMenam5ehtuplcMeBaHPaB

xUcxatEdlmanehIyRtUvEtEktMrUv

rWepSgeTotGaKuy f μ InigexSayehIy

xUcya;:gqab;rh½spgEdl.

Photovoltaic


taragbEnßm

taragbEnßm 1 PaBCak;lak;énkarkMNt;TMhMExSEdlPöab;eTAbnÞúkeRcInrWPöab;eTA bnÞHsU-LaRbB½n§tg;süúg12v:ul pÞaMgkBa©k; Wp

rW bnÞúk RbEvgExSBIGaKuyeTAbnÞúkKitCaEm:Rt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

v:at; GMEBr TMhMExSEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;TMlak;tg;süúgTab 0>5v:ul (mIlIEm:Rtkaer:)

5 0.42 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 10 0.83 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 15 1.25 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 20 1.67 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 25 2.08 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 30 2.50 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 35 2.92 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 40 3.33 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.7 45 3.75 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 50 4.17 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.6 55 4.58 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.1 60 5.00 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 65 5.42 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 70 5.83 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.5 75 6.25 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.0 6.5 6.9 80 6.67 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.4 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.4 85 7.08 0.5 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.9 90 7.50 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.3 95 7.92 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.3 5.9 6.4 7.0 7.6 8.2 8.8

100 8.33 0.6 1.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.4 8.0 8.6 9.3 105 8.75 0.6 1.3 1.9 2.6 3.2 3.9 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.8 8.4 9.1 9.7 110 9.17 0.7 1.4 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.1 4.7 5.4 6.1 6.8 7.5 8.1 8.8 9.5 10.2 115 9.58 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.3 5.0 5.7 6.4 7.1 7.8 8.5 9.2 9.9 10.6 120 10.00 0.7 1.5 2.2 3.0 3.7 4.4 5.2 5.9 6.7 7.4 8.1 8.9 9.6 10.4 11.1 125 10.42 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.1 3.9 4.6 5.4 6.2 6.9 7.7 8.5 9.3 10.0 10.8 11.6 130 10.83 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.0 8.8 9.6 10.4 11.2 12.0 135 11.25 0.8 1.7 2.5 3.3 4.2 5.0 5.8 6.7 7.5 8.3 9.2 10.0 10.8 11.7 12.5 140 11.67 0.9 1.7 2.6 3.5 4.3 5.2 6.0 6.9 7.8 8.6 9.5 10.4 11.2 12.1 13.0 145 12.08 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 6.3 7.2 8.0 8.9 9.8 10.7 11.6 12.5 13.4 150 12.50 0.9 1.9 2.8 3.7 4.6 5.6 6.5 7.4 8.3 9.3 10.2 11.1 12.0 13.0 13.9 155 12.92 1.0 1.9 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.7 6.7 7.6 8.6 9.6 10.5 11.5 12.4 13.4 14.3 160 13.33 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9 8.9 9.9 10.9 11.8 12.8 13.8 14.8 165 13.75 1.0 2.0 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.2 10.2 11.2 12.2 13.2 14.2 15.3 170 14.17 1.0 2.1 3.1 4.2 5.2 6.3 7.3 8.4 9.4 10.5 11.5 12.6 13.6 14.7 15.7 175 14.58 1.1 2.2 3.2 4.3 5.4 6.5 7.6 8.6 9.7 10.8 11.9 13.0 14.0 15.1 16.2 180 15.00 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.6 6.7 7.8 8.9 10.0 11.1 12.2 13.3 14.4 15.5 16.7 185 15.42 1.1 2.3 3.4 4.6 5.7 6.8 8.0 9.1 10.3 11.4 12.5 13.7 14.8 16.0 17.1 190 15.83 1.2 2.3 3.5 4.7 5.9 7.0 8.2 9.4 10.5 11.7 12.9 14.1 15.2 16.4 17.6 195 16.25 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.2 14.4 15.6 16.8 18.0 200 16.67 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 6.2 7.4 8.6 9.9 11.1 12.3 13.6 14.8 16.0 17.3 18.5 205 17.08 1.3 2.5 3.8 5.1 6.3 7.6 8.8 10.1 11.4 12.6 13.9 15.2 16.4 17.7 19.0 210 17.50 1.3 2.6 3.9 5.2 6.5 7.8 9.1 10.4 11.7 13.0 14.2 15.5 16.8 18.1 19.4

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

taragbEnßm 2 TMhMExSsþg;d kñúgRbB½n§tg;süúg 12v:ul

bnÞúk RbEvgExSKitCaEm:Rt1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 v:at; GMEBr TMhMExSsþg;daEdlcaM)ac; (mIlIEm:Rtkaer:)

5 0.42 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

10 0.83 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

15 1.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

20 1.67 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

25 2.08 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

30 2.50 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4

35 2.92 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4

40 3.33 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 4

45 3.75 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 4 6

50 4.17 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6

55 4.58 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6

60 5.00 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6

65 5.42 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 8

70 5.83 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8

75 6.25 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8

80 6.67 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8

85 7.08 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8

90 7.50 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 10

95 7.92 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 10

100 8.33 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 10

110 9.17 1.5 1.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 10 12

120 10.00 1.5 1.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12

130 10.83 1.5 2.5 2.5 4 6 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 14

140 11.67 1.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14

150 12.50 1.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 14

160 13.33 1.5 2.5 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16

170 14.17 1.5 2.5 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16

180 15.00 1.5 2.5 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 14 14 16 16 16

190 15.83 1.5 2.5 4 6 6 8 10 10 12 12 14 16 16 16 18

200 16.67 1.5 2.5 4 6 8 8 10 10 12 14 14 16 16 18 18

Photovoltaic


taragbEnßm 3 PaBCak;lak;énkarkMNt;TMhMExSkñúgRbB½n§tg;süúg24v:ul

pÞaMgkBa©ak; WprW bnÞúk

RbEvgExSBIGaKuyeTAbnÞúkKitCaEm:Rt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

va:t; GMEBr TMhMExSEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;TMlak;tg;süúgTab 1v:ul ¬mIlIEm:Rtkaer:¦ 10 0.42 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.23

20 0.83 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.47

30 1.25 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.19 0.23 0.28 0.33 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.51 0.56 0.60 0.65 0.70

40 1.67 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.37 0.43 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.87 0.93

50 2.08 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.31 0.39 0.47 0.54 0.62 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.93 1.01 1.09 1.16

60 2.50 0.09 0.19 0.28 0.37 0.47 0.56 0.65 0.74 0.84 0.93 1.02 1.12 1.21 1.30 1.40

70 2.92 0.11 0.22 0.33 0.43 0.54 0.65 0.76 0.87 0.98 1.09 1.19 1.30 1.41 1.52 1.63

80 3.33 0.12 0.25 0.37 0.50 0.62 0.74 0.87 0.99 1.12 1.24 1.36 1.49 1.61 1.74 1.86

90 3.75 0.14 0.28 0.42 0.56 0.70 0.84 0.98 1.12 1.26 1.40 1.53 1.67 1.81 1.95 2.09

100 4.17 0.16 0.31 0.47 0.62 0.78 0.93 1.09 1.24 1.40 1.55 1.71 1.86 2.02 2.17 2.33

150 6.25 0.23 0.47 0.70 0.93 1.16 1.40 1.63 1.86 2.09 2.33 2.56 2.79 3.02 3.26 3.49

200 8.33 0.31 0.62 0.93 1.24 1.55 1.86 2.17 2.48 2.79 3.10 3.41 3.72 4.03 4.34 4.65

250 10.42 0.39 0.78 1.16 1.55 1.94 2.33 2.71 3.10 3.49 3.88 4.26 4.65 5.04 5.43 5.81

300 12.50 0.47 0.93 1.40 1.86 2.33 2.79 3.26 3.72 4.19 4.65 5.12 5.58 6.05 6.51 6.98

350 14.58 0.54 1.09 1.63 2.17 2.71 3.26 3.80 4.34 4.88 5.43 5.97 6.51 7.05 7.60 8.14

400 16.67 0.62 1.24 1.86 2.48 3.10 3.72 4.34 4.96 5.58 6.20 6.82 7.44 8.06 8.68 9.30

450 18.75 0.70 1.40 2.09 2.79 3.49 4.19 4.88 5.58 6.28 6.98 7.67 8.37 9.07 9.77 10.5

500 20.83 0.78 1.55 2.33 3.10 3.88 4.65 5.43 6.20 6.98 7.75 8.53 9.30 10.1 10.9 11.6

550 22.92 0.85 1.71 2.56 3.41 4.26 5.12 5.97 6.82 7.67 8.53 9.38 10.2 11.1 11.9 12.8

600 25.00 0.93 1.86 2.79 3.72 4.65 5.58 6.51 7.44 8.37 9.30 10.2 11.2 12.1 13.0 14.0

650 27.08 1.01 2.02 3.02 4.03 5.04 6.05 7.05 8.06 9.07 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1

700 29.17 1.09 2.17 3.26 4.34 5.43 6.51 7.60 8.68 9.77 10.9 11.9 13.0 14.1 15.2 16.3

750 31.25 1.16 2.33 3.49 4.65 5.81 6.98 8.14 9.30 10.5 11.6 12.8 14.0 15.1 16.3 17.4

800 33.33 1.24 2.48 3.72 4.96 6.20 7.44 8.68 9.92 11.2 12.4 13.6 14.9 16.1 17.4 18.6

850 35.42 1.32 2.64 3.95 5.27 6.59 7.91 9.22 10.5 11.9 13.2 14.5 15.8 17.1 18.4 19.8

900 37.50 1.40 2.79 4.19 5.58 6.98 8.37 9.77 11.2 12.6 14.0 15.3 16.7 18.1 19.5 20.9

950 39.58 1.47 2.95 4.42 5.89 7.36 8.84 10.3 11.8 13.3 14.7 16.2 17.7 19.1 20.6 22.1

1000 41.67 1.55 3.10 4.65 6.20 7.75 9.30 10.9 12.4 14.0 15.5 17.1 18.6 20.2 21.7 23.3

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

taragbEnßm 4 TMhMExSsþg;dakñúgRbB½n§tg;süúg 24v:ul (adapted from UNESCO_2000)

pÞaMgkBa©ak; WprW bnÞúk

RbEvgBIGaKuyeTAbnÞúkeRbIR)as;KitCaEm:t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 va:t; GMEBr TMhMExSEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;TMlak;tg;süúgTab 1v:ul (mIlIEm:Rtkaer:)

10 0.42 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

20 0.83 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

30 1.25 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

40 1.67 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

50 2.08 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

60 2.50 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

70 2.92 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

80 3.33 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

90 3.75 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

100 4.17 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

150 6.25 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

200 8.33 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

250 10.42 1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

300 12.50 1.5

1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

350 14.58 1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

400 16.67 1.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

450 18.75 1.5

1.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

500 20.83 1.5

2.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

550 22.92 1.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

600 25.00 1.5

2.5

4.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

14.0

14.0

650 27.08 1.5

2.5

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

14.0

16.0

16.0

700 29.17 1.5

2.5

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

16.0

18.0

750 31.25 1.5

2.5

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

18.0

800 33.33 1.5

2.5

4.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

18.0

20.0

850 35.42 1.5

4.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

20.0

900 37.50 1.5

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

20.0

22.0

950 39.58 1.5

4.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

22.0

1000 41.67 2.5

4.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

22.0

22.0

Photovoltaic


taragbEnßm 5 karkMnt;TMhMrbs;RbB½næsULa I. karkMnt;TMhMpÞaMgkBa©k;

CMhan 1³ KNnafamBleRbIR)as;RbcaMéf¶rbs;]bkrN¾eRbIR)as;nImYy²

]bkrN¾eRbIR)as; tg;süúg

(V) GanuPaB

(W)

cMnYnem:ag (h) famBlRbcaMéf¶ (Wh=Pxt)

epSg²

]bkrN¾ 1

]bkrN¾ 2

……………

CMhan 2 srubfamBleRbIR)as;RbcaMéf¶ (Wh) Wh

CMhan 3 srubfamBleRbIR)as;RbcaMéf¶EdlnwgRtUvpþl;edaypÞaMgkBa©ak; (Wh): CMhan 2 x 1>3

srubfamBlpÞaMgkBa©ak;RbcaMéf¶ Wh

CMhan 4 srubGanuPaBpÞaMgkBa©ak;RtUvkar³ CMhan 3 / PGF (Wp)

kñúgkrNIenAevogc½nÞ PGF=2.93 Wp

CMhan 5 srubcMnYnpÞaMgkBa©ak;EdlRtUveRbI³ CMhan 4 / GanuPaBkñúg1pÞaMgkBa©ak; ehIytMelIglTæpl eGayeTAcMnYnKt;

RbsinebI …….pÞaMgkBa©k; WpRtUveRbI RbsinebI …….pÞaMgkBa©k; WpRtUveRbI

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

II. karkMnt;TMhMGaKuy

CMhan 1 nig CMhan 2 eRbITinñn½yCMhan 1 nig CMhan 2 xagelI

CMhan3 srubfamBlsþúkTuk (Wh) sMrab;eRbIR)as;ry³eBl5éf¶min)ansaknigminKitBIRbePTGaKuy xusKña (Ah=Wh/system voltage):

GaKuyrfynþFmμta : CMhan 2 x 10 Wh Ah

GaKuyEdlRtUvkarEfTaM : CMhan 2 x 7>5 Wh Ah

GaKuyEdleRbIsMrab;RbB½n§RBHGaTitü : CMhan 2 x 5 Wh Ah

CMhan 2: kMNt;cMnYnGaKuyEdlRtUveRbI: CMhan 3 /bnÞúkGaKuy1(Ah) ehIytMelIglTæpl eGayeTAcMnYnKt lTæplEdlrkeXIBaJKWRtUvKñanwgGRtaepÞr C10 .

GaKuyrfynþFmμta: 150 Ah

GaKuyEdlRtUvkarEfTaM: 120 Ah

GaKuyEdleRbIsMrab;RbB½n§RBHGaTitü: 150Ah or 75Ah

III. karkMnt;TMhM]bkrN¾RtYtBinitü

tg;süúg GanuPaB crnþ crnþGtibrma

sakbnÞúk

epÞrbnÞúk

TMhM]bkrN¾RtYtBinitü ……(sak)/……(epÞr) EdlRtUveRbI =

Photovoltaic


IV. karkMnt;TMhMExS

muxkat; RbEvg m GanuPaB crnþGtibrma TMhMBit

mm2 TMhMpSM mm2

TMhMsþg;da mm2

pÞaMgkBa©k; - ]bkrN¾RtYtBinitü

]bkrN¾ 1-]bkrN¾RtYtBinitü

.....

]bkrN¾RtYtBinitü –GaKuy

Photovoltaic


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

Éksareyag

1. Herbert A. Wade. Solar Photovoltaic Technical Training Manual. UNESCO, 2002

2. Solar energy for rural Cambodia A technical training for micro-entrepreneurs in solar en-ergy for rural Cambodia By Jony Heerink. KAMWORKS.

3. DGS guide for installer, architects and engineers: Planning and installing PV systems. 2005

4. Dobelmann Jan K., REEPRO Solar guidebook, (2008)

REEPROMANUAL



PV books

English KHMER




PV books

English KHMER



KHMER




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nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon







KHMER




nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon








EIE-06-256 REEPRO

karCMrujkareRbIR)as;edayRbsiT§PaBnUvfamBlkekIteLIgvij

kñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_

karBiesaFn_elI leXsolar

erobrageday bNÐit xaMpn Nan;favg; énsaklviTüal½yCatiLav

tula 2008

LeXsolar


matika

1 BiesaFn_TI 1³ kartCaes‘rI nig Exñgrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k; ................................................................ 5

1>1 kargarRbtibtþi ............................................................................................................... 5 1>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³.................................................................................................... 5 1>3 kardMeLIg...................................................................................................................... 5 1>4 karRbtibtiþ .................................................................................................................... 6 1>5 vas;crnþnigtg;süúg ........................................................................................................ 6 1>6 KUsdüaRkam ..................................................................................................................7 1>7 karvaytMél.................................................................................................................. 8

2 BiesaFn_TI 2³ GanuPaBsULaGaRs½yelIépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k; ..................................................... 8

2>1 kargarRbtibtiþ ............................................................................................................... 8 2>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³.................................................................................................... 8 2>3 kardMeLIg.......................................................................................................................9 2>4 karRbtibtiþ .....................................................................................................................9 2>5 tMélEdlvas;)an ............................................................................................................9 2>6 düaRkam......................................................................................................................10 2>7 karvaytMél............................................................................................................... 11

3 BiesaFn_TI 3³ GanuPaBrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;GaRs½ymMurbs;BnøWEdlcaMgb:HépÞkBa©k;........................ 11

3>1 kargarRbtibtiþ ............................................................................................................ 11 3>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³................................................................................................. 11

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

3>3 kardMeLIg ...................................................................................................................12 3>4 karRbtibtiþ..................................................................................................................12 3>5 tMélEdlvas;)an ....................................................................................................... 13 3>6 düaRkam .................................................................................................................... 13 3>7 karvaytMél ............................................................................................................... 14

4 BiesaFn_TI 3³ GanuPaBrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;GaRs½ymMurbs;BnøWEdlcaMgb:HépÞkBa©k; ........................ 14

4>1 kargarRbtibtiþ............................................................................................................. 14 4>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³ ................................................................................................. 14 4>3 kardMeLIg ................................................................................................................... 15 4>4 karRbtibtiþ.................................................................................................................. 15 4>5 tMélEdlvas;)an ........................................................................................................16 4>6 karvaytMél ...............................................................................................................16

5 BiesaFn_TI 5³ \Ti§Blrbs;møb;eTAelIsULatCaes‘rI.............................................................. 16

5>1 kargarRbtibtiþ.............................................................................................................16 5>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³ .................................................................................................17 5>3 kardMeLIg ...................................................................................................................17 5>4 karRbtibtiþ..................................................................................................................17 5>5 tMélEdlvas;)an ........................................................................................................18 5>6 karvaytMél ...............................................................................................................18

6 BiesaFn_TI 6³ \Ti§Blrbs;møb;eTAelIsULatCaExñg ............................................................. 19

LeXsolar


6>1 kargarRbtibtiþ .............................................................................................................19 6>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³..................................................................................................19 6>3 kardMeLIg....................................................................................................................19 6>4 karRbtibtiþ ..................................................................................................................20 6>5 tMélEdlvas;)an .........................................................................................................20 6>6 karvaytMél................................................................................................................20

7 BiesaFn_TI 7³ bnÞHsULaCa]bkrN_vas;BIkarbBa¢ÚnfamBl ................................................. 21

7>1 kargarRbtibtiþ ............................................................................................................ 21 7>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³................................................................................................. 21 7>3 kardMeLIg................................................................................................................... 21 7>4 karRbtibtþi ................................................................................................................. 21 7>5 tMélEdlvas;)an ........................................................................................................ 22 7>6 karvaytMél............................................................................................................... 22

Éksareyag .......................................................................................................................... 22

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

LeXsolar


1 BiesaFn_TI 1³ kartCaes‘rI nig Exñgrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;

1>1 kargarRbtibtþi

eKalbMNgénkarBiesaFn_enHKWedIm,IKNna BItg;süúgnigcrnþrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k; eBlEdltCaes‘rI nig

Exñg.

1>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³

bnÞH LeXsolar

pÞaMgkBa©k;sULatUc

v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1

1>3 kardMeLIg

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

1>4 karRbtibtiþ

vas;crnþ (Is.c.) nigtg;süúg (Uo.c.) rbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;sULa ¬emIlrUbxagelI¦

tesoKVI edayP¢ab;pÞaMgkBa©k;sULaCaes‘rI 2 nig 3bnÞH

Rsg;tMélEdlTTYl)anBI v:ulEm:tnigGMEBrEm:t dak;kñúgtarag

1>5 vas;crnþnigtg;süúg

P¢ab;pÞaMgkBa©k;sULaCaes‘rI

1 bnÞH 2 bnÞH 3 bnÞH

Uo.c

Is.c

P¢ab;pÞaMgkBa©k;sULaCaExñg

1 bnÞH 2 bnÞH 3 bnÞH

Uo.c

Is.c

LeXsolar


1>6 KUsdüaRkam

U-n düaRkam

n cMnYnbnÞHsULa

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

1>7 karvaytMél KUsdüaRkam I-n EdlP¢ab;Caes‘rI nig Exñg ¬n CacMnYnbnÞHsULa¦. KUsRkabTaMgGs;kñúg düaRka-

mEtmYy.

KUsdüaRkam U-n EdlP¢ab;Caes‘rI nig Exñg ¬n CacMnYnbnÞHsULa¦. KUsRkabTaMgGs;kñúg düaRka-mEtmYy.

eFVIkarBnül;kñúgtaragxageRkam

lkçN³rbs;

tg;süúg crnþ

tCaes‘rI

tCaExñg

2 BiesaFn_TI 2³ GanuPaBsULaGaRs½yelIépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;

2>1 kargarRbtibtiþ eKalbMNgénkarBiesaFn_enHKWedIm,IKNna BItg;süúgcrnþnigGanuPaBrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k; kñúgkrNI EpñkxøHénépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;manmøb;. 2>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³

bnÞH LeXsolar

pÞaMgkBa©k;sULatUc²

v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1

bnÞH)aMgépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;

LeXsolar


2>3 kardMeLIg

2>4 karRbtibtiþ

P¢ab;esoKVItamdüaRkamxagelI

vas;crnþ (Is.c.) nigtg;süúg (Uo.c.) rbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;sULa ¬emIlrUbxagelI¦

vas;crnþeLIgvij kñúgkrNIEdlmanmøb; 100° 75° 50° 25° nigKμanmøb;

2>5 tMélEdlvas;)an

PaKryénépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;Edlmanmøb; 0° 25° 50° 75° 100°

tg;süúg (Uo.c.)

crnþ (Is.c.)

GanuPaB (P)

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

2>6 düaRkam

LeXsolar


2>7 karvaytMél KNnaGnuPaBeTAtamPaKryénépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;Edlmanmøb; KUsdüaRkam GnuPaB crnþ nig tg;süúg CaGanuKmn_ rbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;Edlmanmøb; (0 , ¼, ½, ¾ nig

1)

rkcMnunkat;rbs;crnþ tg;süúg CamYynigpÞaMgkBa©k;Edlmanmøb; ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

cUlBnül; ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

rkcMnunkat;rbs;GanuPaBCamYynigpÞaMgkBa©k;Edlmanmøb; ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

3 BiesaFn_TI 3³ GanuPaBrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;GaRs½ymMurbs;BnøWEdlcaMgb:HépÞkBa©k;

3>1 kargarRbtibtiþ eKalbMNgénkarBiesaFn_enHKWedIm,Ivas; tg;süúg ¬Uo.c¦ nig crnþ ¬ Is.c ¦

¬nigKNnaGanuPaBrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k; ¦ kñúgkrNI mMurbs;kaMBnøWEdlcaMgb:HelIépÞkBa©k;ERbRbYl 3>2 ]bkrN¾BiesaFn_man³

bnÞH LeXsolar

pÞaMgkBa©k;sULaFM v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

3>3 kardMeLIg

3>4 karRbtibtiþ

ykbnÞH LeXsolar EdlrYmCamYy]bkrN_tMrgTiseTARBHGaTitümanykbnÞH ¬rWRbPB énBnøWkñúgbnÞb;¦ edIm,IbgðajeGayeXIjRsemal.

tMrg;TiseTAbnÞH LeXsolar eTAnigRbPBBnøW dUcenHmuMb:Hrbs;vaes μ Irnwg 900 K μanRsemal

eRCIserIsmMuEdlGacvas;)an rYcvas;tg;süúg ¬Uo.c¦ nig crnþ ¬Is.c¦ Rsg;lT§ipldak;kñúgtarag

LeXsolar


3>5 tMélEdlvas;)an

α 10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 75o

Uo.c

Is.c

KNna cosα

P

3>6 düaRkam

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

3>7 karvaytMél

KUsdüaRkam I-α ¬α mMucaMgb:H ¦

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

KUsdüaRkam P-α

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

4 BiesaFn_TI 3³ GanuPaBrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;GaRs½ymMurbs;BnøWEdlcaMgb:HépÞkBa©k; 4>1 kargarRbtibtiþ

karviPaKDIdüÚtrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k;sULa


bnÞH LeXsolar

pÞaMgkBa©k;sULatUc²cMnYn3

v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1


LeXsolar


4>3 kardMeLIg

4>4 karRbtibtiþ

dMeLIg]bkrN_BiesaFn_eTAtamesoKVIxagelIedaymanbnÞHsULatUc²cMnYn3 bnÞHsULa

TI1mantYnaTICabnÞúk K μanbnÞúkCaersuIsþg;

KNna ersuIsþg;rbs;bnÞHsULatamry³kareFVIb:Ulkmμ edaydak;bnÞHsULakEnøggwt rW ¬)aMgmøb;¦

Gnuvtþn¾dUcKñacMeBaHkardak;eGayRtUvBnøW

Rsg;tMélEdlTTYl)andak;kñúgtarag

cMnaM³ kareFVIb:Ulkm μ KWdUcKñanwgkarbgVilbnÞHsULaeGay)anmMu 1800 bnÞHsULaTI2 nig TI3 mantY-naTICaRbPB edIm,IKNnaersuIsþg;

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

4>5 tMélEdlvas;)an

dak;eGayggwt ¬)aMgmøb;¦ dak;RtUvBnøW

U

I

R (KNna)

cMnaM³ kareFVIb:Ulkmμrbs;bnÞHsULaTI2 nig TI3 minpøas;bþÚr

4>6 karvaytMél

lkçN³rbs;sULaenAeBlEdldak;eGayggwt ¬bnÞHsULakñúgkrNIenHmantYnaTIdUcDIyUt¦ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

lkçN³rbs;sULaenAeBlEdldak;eGayggwt ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

5 BiesaFn_TI 5³ \Ti§Blrbs;møb;eTAelIsULatCaes‘rI

5>1 kargarRbtibtiþ etItg;süúgnigcrnþERbRbYly:agdUcemþckñúgkrNIEdlbnÞHsULa 3 tCaes‘rI ehIymanbnÞHmYy dak;eGayggwt¬)aMgBnøW¦? etItMélenHERbRbYly:agdUcemþckñúgkrNIEdlbnÞHdak;eGay ggwt RtUveKdak; DIyUt mYyCaExñg?

LeXsolar



bnÞH LeXsolar


v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1

bnÞH)aMgépÞrbs;pÞaMgkBa©k; DIyUt LeXsolar

5>3 kardMeLIg

5>4 karRbtibtiþ vas;tMéledImrbs;tg;süúgnigcrnþrbs;bnÞHsULaTaMg 3 edaymin)aMgBnøW

RKb;bnÞHsULamYy kñúgcMeNambnÞHsULa3 edaymindak; DIyUt mYyCaExñgCamYy bnÞHsU-

LaEdlRKb; bnÞab;mkdak; DIyUt mYyCaExñgCamYybnÞHsULaEdlRKb;. vas;tg;süúg nigcrnþ

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

5>5 tMélEdlvas;)an

bnÞHsULaTaMg 3 tCaes‘rI

(1) bnÞHsULaTaMgGs;

RtUvBnøW

(2) bnÞHsULa1 RtUv

)aMgBnøW

(3) bnÞHsULa1 RtUv

)aMgBnøWnigDIyUt1tCaExñg

Uo.c

Is.c

P (KNna)

eRbobeFob P ____________% ____________%

5>6 karvaytMél

KNnaPaKryénGanuPaBTTYl)ankñúgkrNIEdlbnÞHsULa 1 )aMgBnøW nigK μan DIyUt

Bnül;BItMélEdlvas;)an tamniymn½yrbs; semiconductor diode ¬eBlEdl)aMgBnøW ersIusþg;

rbs;va ekInhYsBItMélersIusþg; semiconductor diode kñúgTisedARsb¦

etI\Ti§BlenHnwgRtUveFVIdUemþc kñúgkarP¢ab;bnÞHsULa?

bNþaleGayman\Ti§BlelIlTi§plEdlvas;)an (2)

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

ehtuGVI)anCa DIyUt GaceGayeyIgvas;tMélva)an (3)

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

LeXsolar


6 BiesaFn_TI 6³ \Ti§Blrbs;møb;eTAelIsULatCaExñg

6>1 kargarRbtibtiþ etItg;süúgnigcrnþERbRbYly:agdUcemþckñúgkrNIEdlbnÞHsULa 3 tCaExñg ehIymanbnÞHmYy dak;eGayggwt ¬)aMgBnøW¦?


bnÞH LeXsolar


v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1


6>3 kardMeLIg

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

6>4 karRbtibtiþ vas;tMéledImrbs;tg;süúgnigcrnþrbs;bnÞHsULaTaMg 3 edaymin)aMgBnøW

vas;eLIgtMéledImrbs;tg;süúgnigcrnþrbs;bnÞHsULa kñúgkrNIEdl)aMgBnøWbnÞHsULa 1 nig

)aMgBnøWbnÞHsULa 2

6>5 tMélEdlvas;)an

bnÞHsULaTaMg 3 tCaExñg

(1) bnÞHsULaTaMgGs;

RtUvBnøW

(2) bnÞHsULa1 RtUv

)aMgBnøW

(3) bnÞHsULa1 RtUv

)aMgBnøWnigDIyUt1tCaExñg

Uo.c

Is.c

P (KNna)

eRbobeFob Ganu

PaBEdlFøak;

cuHeTA(1)

____________% ____________%

6>6 karvaytMél

KNnaPaKryénGanuPaBTTYl)ankñúgkrNIEdlbnÞHsULa 1 )aMgBnøW nigK μan DIyUt

eRbobeFobBI\Ti§BleBlEdlP¢ab;Caes‘rI nig Bnül;BIPaBxusKña

LeXsolar


7 BiesaFn_TI 7³ bnÞHsULaCa]bkrN_vas;BIkarbBa¢ÚnfamBl

7>1 kargarRbtibtiþ KNnakMriténkarbBa¢ÚnfamBltamry³kardak;Rkdas;epSg²Kña edayEp¥kelIniymn½yrbs; bnÞHsULa


bnÞH LeXsolar


v:ulEm:t 1

GMEBrEm:t 1

Rkdas;BN’RbepHmYysRmab;

7>3 kardMeLIg

7>4 karRbtibtþi vas;crnþ Isc rbs;bnÞHsULaFMedaymin)aMgRkdas;BN’RbepH

bnÞab;mkvas;eLIgvij crnþ Isc rbs;bnÞHsULaFMedayRkdas;BN’RbepHepSg²

LeXsolar


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

Rsg;tMélEdlTTYl)andak;kñúgtarag

7>5 tMélEdlvas;)an

K μanRkdas; Rkdas;1snøw

k

Rkdas;2snøw

k

Rkdas;3snøw

k

Rkdas;4snøw

k

Is.c

Føak;cuH % ______% ______%: ______% ______% ______%

7>6 karvaytMél

• KNnaPaKryénkarbBa¢ÚnfamBltamcMnYnRkdas;Edlmankúñgtarag. cMnaM³ crnþ Isc smamaRteTA-

nigBnøWRBHGaTitü

kargarRbtibtþibEnßm³ sisSGacKNnakarbBa¢ÚnfamBlrbs;sarFatuepSgeTot ]TahrN_

bg¥ÜckBa©k;…

Éksareyag

1. Student’s instructions for leXsolar-experiment. Copyright © by leXsolar GmbH 2006

REEPROMANUALBiomass books English KHMER


PV books

English KHMER



KHMER




nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon







KHMER




nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon


nigRKUbeRgon








EIE-06-256 REEPRO

karpSBVpSayBIRbsiT§iPaB

énkareRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlkekIteLIgvij enAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_

CIv³]s μ ½n

GñkniBn§ Phouthanouthong Xaysombath

viTüasßanRsavRCavviTüasaRsþ nigbec©keTs GaCJaFrCatisMrab;viTüasaRsþ nigbec©keTs

mkra 2009

Biogas


bBaI¢matika 1 karENnaMTUeTA ---------------------------------------------------------- 7

1>1-buBVbT -------------------------------------------------------------- 7

1>2-karbMEbkFatutamlkçN³K μanxül; -------------------------------------------9

1>2>1 CIv]sμ ½n nig smasFaturbs;va------------------------------------------9

1>2>2 GtßRbeyaCn_BICIv]sμ ½n --------------------------------------------- 10

1>3 ktþaEdlman\Ti§Bl --------------------------------------------------- 11

1>3>1 sItuNðPaB ------------------------------------------------------ 11

1>3>2 smasPaB nigrcnasm<½n§rbs;Twk ------------------------------------- 12

1>3>3 kMrit pH -------------------------------------------------------- 13

1>3>4 TMhMlMhr TMgn;tamTMhM nigdg;suIetmaD --------------------------------- 13

1>3>5 smasPaBLpÞúk]sμ ½n---------------------------------------------- 14

1>3>6 rUbFaturwg nigbrimaNTwk -------------------------------------------- 17

1>3>7 ktþaraMgsÞH ------------------------------------------------------ 19

1>3>8 karrkSaTukCIvma:s ------------------------------------------------ 19

2 km μviFILCIv]sμ ½n (BPP) enARbeTsLav--------------------------------------- 19

3 LCIv]sμ ½nCati enARbeTskm<úCa ³ ------------------------------------------- 21

4 smasPaBrbs;RbB½n§LCIv]s μ ½ntampÞH --------------------------------------- 23

4>1 -GagcUl ------------------------------------------------------------ 24

4>2 -TueyacUl³ ---------------------------------------------------------- 24

4>3-Lkac;lamk -------------------------------------------------------- 25

Biogas

Promotion of the Efficient Use of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries EIE-06-256 REEPRO

2

4>4 GagpÞúkhaÁs (Storage Chamber)---------------------------------------- 25

4>5 pøÚvecj Gagpøas; ----------------------------------------------------27

4>6 reNAþsMNl; ---------------------------------------------------------30

5 kareRbIR)as;LCIv]sμ ½n----------------------------------------------------30

5>1 kareRbIR)as;c®gáanhÁassMrab;cMGin)ay³------------------------------------ 31

5>2 kareRbIR)as;cegáógCIv]sμ ½nsMrab;GucbMPøW ³ ----------------------------------- 31

5>3 dMeNIrkarm:asuIn------------------------------------------------------ 32

6 xñat niglkçN³TUeTAénLkñúgRsuk------------------------------------------- 32

7 ]TahrN_karKNnaénLCIv]sμ ½nkñúgRsuk ------------------------------------- 33

7>1 karcat;lMdab;xñatL----------------------------------------------------34

7>2 karKNnakarplit]sμ ½nRbcaMéf¶ ¬G¦---------------------------------------34

7>3 karerobcM)a:ra:Em:RteRKag ------------------------------------------------34

7>4 TMhMLpÞúk]sμ ½n -------------------------------------------------------35

7>5 ]TahrN_ -----------------------------------------------------------35

8 Éksareyag -----------------------------------------------------------36

Biogas


bBa¢IrUbPaB

rUbPaBTI 1³ karplit]sμ ½nCak;lak;EdlGaRs½yelIbrimaNrUbFaturwgenAkñúg digestion reactor

[Böhnke et al. 1993] ---------------------------------------------- 18

rUbPaBTI 2³ GagcUl GagcMruH LCIv]sμ ½ntampÞH------------------------------------ 24

rUbPaBTI 3³ TueyacUl -------------------------------------------------------- 24

rUbPaBTI 4³ L GagrMlay --------------------------------------------------- 25

rUbPaBTI 5³ LpÞúkhaÁs------------------------------------------------------- 26

rUbPaBTI 6³ pøÚvecj --------------------------------------------------------- 28

rUbPaBTI 7³ bnÞHKMrbpøÚvecj --------------------------------------------------- 29

rUbPaBTI 8³ CIv]sμ ½nsMrab;cMGin)ay ---------------------------------------------- 31

rUbPaBTI 9³ cegáógCIv]sμ ½n ---------------------------------------------------- 31

Biogas


4

bBa¢Itarag

taragTI 1³ smasPaBpSMénCIv³m:as ---------------------------------------------- 9

taragTI 2³ brimaNfamBlrbs;CIvm:as nigemtan ---------------------------------- 10

taragTI 3³ PaBsmRsbénsarFatusMrab;RbRBwtþikmμCIvsaRsþ [Bidlingmaier 2000] ----------12

taragTI 4³ kMritTMgn;vtßúFatuedIm [Ottow and Bidlingmaier 1997] ------------------------ 14

taragTI 5 ³ lamkstV TinñplCIv]sμ ½n nigbrimaNCICati [FNR 2004] --------------------- 15

taragTI 6 ³ vtßúFatuEkécñxñat]sSahkmμ TinñplCIv]sμ ½n nigbrimaNCICati [FNR 2004] --------16

taragTI 7³ sMNl;TIRkug sarFatuEkécñ TinñplCIv]sμ ½n nigbrimaNCICati [FNR 2004]---------17

taragTI 8³ TMhMbnÞHKMrb ------------------------------------------------------ 29

taragTI 9³ brimaNénlamkstVEdlRtUvkarRbcaMéf¶ --------------------------------- 32

taragTI 10³ karplit]sμ ½n --------------------------------------------------- 33

Biogas


bBa¢IGkSrkat; BTU/m³ British Thermal Unit / cubic mater

B biomass ¬CIvm:as¦

C carbon ¬kabUn¦

COD chemical oxygen demand ¬tMrUvkarGuksIuEsnKImI¦

CH4 methan ¬emtan¦

CO2 carbon dioxide ¬kabUnDIGuksIud¦

C/N carbon / nitrogen ratio ¬kae)an¼ RbPaKnIRdUEsn¦

cm centimeter ¬sg;TIEm:Rt¦

dm dry meter content ¬brimaNsarFatus¶Üt¦

GGC agriculture and biogas limited company ¬Rkumh‘unksikmμ nigCIv]s½ μn¦

G the gas production rate ¬GRtakarplithÁas¦

Gy specific gas yield ¬TinñplhÁasCak;lak;¦

Gp Specific gas production ¬plitplhÁasCak;lak;¦

Gt the total gas production ¬TinñplhÁassrub¦ Gc, max maximum hourly gas consumption ¬kareRbIR)as;hÁaseRcInbMputkñúgÉktaem:ag¦

g/l gram / liter ¬Rkam¼ lIRt¦ e.g exempli gratia

H2 hydrogen ¬GIuRdUEsn¦ HRT hydraulic retention time i.e id est J joule

K Gas storage coefficient ¬emKuNsþúkhÁas¦

K potassium ¬b:UtasüÚm¦

kg kilogram ¬KILÚRkam¦

kJ kilo Joule ¬KILÚs‘Úl¦

kWh/m³ kilowatt hour / cubic meter ¬KILÚv:at;em:ag¼ Em:RtKUb¦

kg/d kilogram / day ¬KILÚRkam¼ éf¶¦

Biogas


6

LSU Standard gas yield values per livestock unit ¬tMélTinñplhÁasCasþg;dakñúgmYYyk,al¦ Ld Digester loading

l liter ¬lIRt¦

MJ/m³ Mica Joule / cubic meter ¬mIkas‘Úl¼ Em:RtKUb¦

mg milligram ¬mIlIRkam¦

m³/t wm cubic meter / ton ¬Em:RtKUb¼ etan¦…………….

mg/m³ milligram / cubic meter ¬mIlIRkam¼ Em:RtKUb¦

μm micromet ¬mIRkUEm:Rt¦

N2 Nitrogen ¬nIRdUEsn¦

O2 Oxygen ¬GuksIuEsn¦

odm organic dry matter ¬sarFatusrIragÁs¶Üt¦

P phosphorus ¬pUsV½r¦

PVC Polyvinyl chloride ¬b:UlIvInIl kørId¦

RT Retention time ¬ry³eBlsßitenAkñúgGag¦

Sd substrate input quantity ¬brimaNsarFatudak;cUlEkécñ¦ sm³ Square cubic meter

TS total solid conten ¬brimaNGgÁFaturwgsrub¦

Tc,max time of maximum consumption ¬kareRbIR)as;em:ageRcInbMput¦

Tz, max maximum zero consumption time ¬em:agEdleRbIR)as;sUnüeRcInbMput¦

t/m³ tone / cubic meter ratio ¬etan¼ RbPaKEm:RtKUb¦

Vg gasholder volume ¬vUlIm ]bkrN_pÞúkhÁas ¦

Vol volume ¬cMNuH¦

Vd Digester volume ¬cMNuHGagsþúk]sμ ½n¦

VS Volatile solids content ¬brimaNGgÁFaturwg EdlgayehIr¦

Vc, max maximum gas consumption ¬kareRbIR)as;hÁaseRcInbMput¦

v/v Volume / volume ¬maD¼maD¦

W the weight of feeding materials available per day

¬TMgn;]bkrN_pþl;cMNIGaharkñúgmYyéf¶¦

Biogas


1 karENnaMTUeTA

1>1 buBVbT GtßRbeyaCn_rbs;CIv]sμ ½n bgðajnUvkarGPivDÆn_n_RbkbedayÉkraCüPaBkñúgbNþaRbeTs]sSahnIy kmμ nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_epSg². RbvtþiCIv]sμ½nxagTIVbGWur:ub nigGalWøm:g;CaBiessk¾dUcCa karGPivDÆn_ kñúgRbeTsGasIubegáItRbvtþiikic©Gnuvtþirbs;GaløWm:g; nigkmμviFIedIm,ICMrujbec©kviTüaCIv]sμ ½n eGay)anTUlM TUlay.

RbB½n§CIv]sμ ½nEdledIrtY)anl¥GacTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_TaMgRsugsMrab;GñkeRbIR)as; sgÁm nigbrisßan CMuvijCaTUeTA: • TinñplfamBl (kMedA BnøW GKÁisnI); • paøs;bþÚrsMnl;srIragÁeTACaCImanKuNPaBx<s; • begáInlkçN³Gnam½ytamry³karbnßynUvFatubgáCMgW BgdgáÚv nigruy

• karkat;bnßybnÞúkkargar CacMbgsMrab;RsIþkñúgkarRbmUlGusdut nig karcMGinGahar.

• GtßRbeyaCn_brisßantamry³karkarBar dI Twk xül; nigrukçCatiRKb;Ebbya:g

• GtßRbeyaCn_mIRkUesdæææækic©tamry³karpþl;mkvijnUvfamBl nig CI nigCaRbPBcMNUlbEnßm nig begáInnUvkarciBa©wmstVRKb;RbePT nig kareFIVksikmμ.

• GtßRbeyaCn_ma:RkUesdækic©tamry³karbegáItfamBltamEbbvimCÄkar karnaMeGaymannUvkarCMnYs mkvij nigkarkarBarbrisßan.

ehtudUcenHbec©kviTüaCIv]sμ ½nGacpþl;nUvkarGPirkS nigkarGPivDÆn_)aneRcInéRkElg RbsinebIsßanPaB Cak;Esþg)ansMerceCaKC½y. eTaHCaya:gNak¾edayKWmankarTamTarnUvedImTunx<s; nigkarkMnt;rbs; bec©keTsCIv]sμ ½nepSgeTotKYrRtUv)anBicarNaya:gl¥itl¥n;.

kñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_manTMnak;TMngedaypÞal;rvagbBaðakareFIVeGaymanpl nigkarkab;éRBecHEtekIn eLIgCalMdab;edaysarEtkarRtUvkarGusxøaMg. kñúgtMbn;dac;RsyalCaeRcIn GñkRsukPaKeRcInGaRs½y elIlamkstV nigsMNl;srIragÁsMrab;cMGin nigkMedA. ksikrkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_RtUvkarCI CabnÞan; sMrab;EfrkSaTinñpldMNaM. eTaHCaya:gNak¾edayksikrxñattUc bnþnUvkarRtUvkareGayman CICatiya:g xøaMgRbkbedayskþanuBlPaBeTaHbICaBYkeKminGacéllkTijCIKImIk¾eday. enAeBldUcKñaenHEdr tambec©keTsenHmanGahSÚt b:UtasüÚm nig pUsVrkñúgvtßúFatuedImRbEhlcMnYn 8dg KWx<s;dUc KuNPaB

Biogas


8

CIKImI EdlmaneRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_. CaBiesssMrab;ksikrxñattUc bec©keTs CIv]s½μn KWCaviFand¾smRsbsMrab;eRbIFnFanEdlkMreGay)aneRcIn. bnÞab;BIkardkRsg;GMBI matikasþIBIlamk stV nigsMNl;srIragÁepSg² kaksMNl;Edl)anlT§plmkKWenAEtCaCId¾l¥ CMnYyKuNPaBdl;dIRKb; RbePT ehIyEfmTaMgeFIVeGaydMNaMmanKuNPaBx<s;eTotpg.

RbCaRbiyPaBrbs;bec©kviTüaCIv]sμ ½nRtUvEtmancMENkcUlrYmkñúgkardaMduHdMNaMkñúgcMkar. KuNRbeyaCn_ nigPaBbraC½yrbs;bec©kviTüaCIv]sμ ½nnwgKaμnmUldæanRKb;RKan; edIm,IEckcayvaeTA RbCaCnsamBaØ ebIK μankaryl;dwgCasaFarN³. CamYyKñaenHEdrkaryl;dwkñúgRkbxNÐrdæaPi)alman sar³sMxan;. edaysarEtplb:HBal;nigEpñkbec©kviTüaBak;B½n§sßab½nrdæaPi)alepSg²Kña (]TahrN_³ vis½yksikm μ brisßan famBl esdækic© ) vamansar³sMxan;edIm,IbBa©ak; nigsrubral;mnÞIrrdæaPi)al EdlTTYlbnÞúkxusRtUv kñúgdMeNIrkarEckcay nigelIkkMBs;karyl;dwg. bc©úb,nñkMritx<s;bMputéndMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_TIpSarGacRbTHeXIjenAtamtMbn;RbRBwtþikmμPk; ecjBITIRkug karbnSútTwksMGuytam]sSahkmμ nigRbRBwtþikmμsMNl;ksikmμ. kareRbIbec©keTstamRbRBwtþikm μ TwksMGuyecjBITIRkugbc©úb,nñCabTBiesaFn_ekItmanenAGasIu‘ ¬CaBiessenA\NÐa¦ nigGaemrikLaTIn. RbRBwtþikmμK μanxül;énsMNl;srIragÁecjBITIRkugKWCabTBiesaFn_ EdlrIkcMerInya:grh½senAGWur:ubPaK xageCIg. dMNaMCIv]sμ ½nksikm μkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_tamFmμtaRtUv)anCMruj eGaymanvisalPaBFM edaymanTMnak;TMngCamYyerOgbrisßan nigfamBl ehIyRtUv)andak;eGayenACaBiesskEnøg EdlTwk kxVk;hUrkat;CIlamkravrbs;stVecjBIksikmμKWCakic©karRtwmRtUvbMput. karekIneLIg]sμ ½npÞHkBa©k; karekIneLIgkareRbIR)as;Twk nigTwkkxVk; bnßyKuNPaBCImanenAkñúgdI kar RKb;RKgsMNl;min)anl¥ nigkarekIneLIgénkarkab;bMpaøjéRBeQIRtUvEtemIleXIjfa CaEpñkmYyén RbB½n§eRbIFnFanminRbkbedaynirnþrPaBBaseBjBiPBelak. bec©kviTüaCIvs μ ½n KWCaEpñkmYykñúg smasFatu hardwar d¾sMxan;EdlCaynþkar \tGak;edIm,IraraMgbBaðaxagelI.

Biogas


1>2 karbMEbkFatutamlkçN³Kμanxül; 1>2>1 CIv]sμ½n nig smasFaturbs;va

CIv]sμ ½nbgáBI)ak;etrIenAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarbMEbkFaturbs;vtßúFatusrIragÁeRkamlkçxNÐK μanxül;. CIv]sμ½n KWCakarlaybBa¢Úlrbs;]sμ½n EdlpSMeLIgPaKeRcInecjBI³ emtan (CH4), ]sμ½nkabUnic (CO2),

FatuepSgeTotrYmmanGIuRdUEsn (H2), GIuRdUEsns‘ulpYric (H2S) nigGamUjak; (NH4). smasPaBpSM rbs;CIv]sμ ½nRtUv)ansegçbenAkñúgtaragTI1.

taragTI 1³ smasPaBpSMénCIv³m:as

FatupSM lMdab; mFümPaK Methane 45 - 70 Vol. % 52 Vol. %

Carbon dioxide 25 - 80 Vol. % 50 Vol. %

Vapour (water) 0-10 Vol.% 3/1 Vol. %

Nitrogen 0/01 - 5 Vol. % 1/0 Vol. %

Oxygen 0/01 - 2 Vol. % 0/03 Vol. %

Hydrogen 0 - 1 Vol. % > 1 Vol. %

Hydrogen sulphide 0/01-2/5 mg/m³ 0/7 mg/m³

Ammonia 0/01-2/5 mg/m³ 0/7 mg/m³

vtþmanrbs;emtanenAkñúgCIv]sμ ½nGaRs½yeTAnwgsMNl;LEdldak;cUl. kabUnGuIRdatGacplitnUv emtanRbEhlCa 50° xøaj; 70° nigRbUetGuIn 84° ¬v/v¦. emtanmanpÞúknUvkMedA 35 900 KJ¼m3 CIvm:as 65° ¬v/v¦mankMedA 23/300KJ¼m3 . taragTI2 xageRkambgðajnUvbrimaNfamBl kñúgÉktaepSgKña. cMnYnCIv]sμ ½nEdlTTYl)anGaRs½yelIvtßúFatuEdldak;cUl bec©kviTüadMeNIrkar nig lkçxNÐdMeNIrkar. karvaytMélCamFümsMrab;sMNl;srIragÁ (karviPaKRbPB) ERbRbYlcab;BI 80 eTA 120sm³ kñúg1etan énvtßúFatuesIm mann½yfarvagBI 300 nig 600sm³ kñúg1etanénsarFatusrIragÁs¶Üt edayTukeGay )anRbEhlry³eBl14éf¶.

Biogas


10

taragTI 2³ brimaNfamBlrbs;CIvm:as nigemtan ÉktafamBl CIvma:s (60% methane) emtan

MJ/m³ 21/5 35/9 kWh/m³ 6/0 9/97 BTU/m³ 20 417 34 028 1>2>2 GtßRbeyaCn_BICIv]s μ½n

GtßRbeyaCn_BICIv]sμ ½nkñúgRsuksnSM)anRKb;vis½ydUcCa esdækic© suxPaB brisßan nig sgÁm.

GtßRbeyaCn_esdækic© • snSMkarcMNayeTAelIFnFanFüÚg hÁas b¤eRbg

• snSMeBledIm,IeRbIR)as;CaRbPBcMnUlsMrab;kargarepSgeTot

• elIkkMBs;TinñpldI edaykareRbIsMNl;kakLCIv³ (manbEnßmbrimaN N,P,K )

• kat;bnßybrimaNCIKImIedaykareRbIsMNl;LCIv³ • kat;bnßykarcMNayeTAelIsuxPaBedaykarkat;bnßyCMgIEdlbNþalmkBIEpSg

• begáItkargardl;RbCaCnkñúgtMbn; • karGPivDÆn_EpñkÉkCnEdlplitTMnijesdækic©GtßRbeyaCn_esdækic© • kat;bnßyCMgWEdlbNþalmkBIEpSg (vilmux QWk,al QIEPñk karqøgeraKtampøÚvdegðIm

k¥Ütceg¥ar .l.)

• begáInGnam½ykñúgeKhdæanedaykarP¢ab;bgÁn;cUleTALCIv]sμ ½n K μanERmgePIøgex μA epH Gus lamk kñúgpÞH)ay

• bnßykardutGusGtßRbeyaCn_brisßan • karkarBaréRBeQI • begáInTinñpldIedaykarbEnßm NPK k¾dUcCakareRbIsMNl;kakL nigsMNl;ksikmμEdlGac

bMEbkFatu)an

• karkat;bnßy]sμ ½npÞHkBa©k;CaBiess]sμ ½nemtan

• karkarBarCICatidIeyagelIkareRbICIKImIhYskMrit

Biogas


GtßRbeyan_sgÁm

• bEnßmeBlevlasMrab;kargarsgÁm

• elIkkMBs;kitüanuPaBkñúgshKmn_ • kat;bnßybnÞúkkargarCaBiessRsIþ • pþl;BnøWc,as;edIm,ICYykñúgkarsikSa nig kargarpÞH

• begáInGRtacUleronrbs;sisSnarIedaysarEtmin)ac;cMNayeBledIrRbmUlGus

1>3 ktþaEdlman\Ti§Bl 1>3>1 sItuNðPaB

skm μPaBrbs;emtan EdlbegáIt)ak;etrITTYl\T§iBlya:gxøaMgedaysItuNðPaB. maRtdæansItuNðPaB kñúgL KWRbEhl 35°C. karTTYlpl)anBICIv]s μ ½nkat;bnßyya:geRcInenAeBlsItuNðPaBFøak;cuH nig dMeNIrkarRbtikmμnwgQb; RbsinebIsItuNðPaBFøak;cuHdl; 10°C. kMritsItuNðPaB3Edlemtanplit³ i. kMedA Thermophilic

sItuNðPaBLsißtkñúgkMrit 45-60°C. LEdlRtUvkarkMedAGacdMeNIrkaredaysmmaRtpÞúkx<s;CalT§pl TTYl)an]sμ ½nx<s;. RbB½n§kMedA nig karEjkBitCaRtUvkar.

LEdlRtUvkarkMedARtUv)anesñIeLIg kñúgkrNITwksMGuyRtUvEteFIVkarhUrbeBa©jeGay)aneRcIn. tMélTaMg karsagsg; nig dMeNIrkarragéføbnþic.

ii. kMedA Mesophilic sItuNðPaBrbs;vaRbEhl 10-45°C. L kMedAmFüm plit)an]sμ ½nmFüm TabCag]sμ ½necjBIL EdlmankMedA.

iii. kMedA Psychrophilic

GtisuxmR)aNBiessCak;lak;GaceGayLKaμnxül;sißtkñúgsItuNðPaBTab (eRkam10) . bc©úb,nñva dMeNIrkarenATIBiesaFn_enAeLIy.

Biogas


12

iv. sItuNðPaBCMuvij

sItuNðPaBLEtgEtERbRbYl edaysarEtsItuNðPaBCMuvijtamry³rdUvkalCMnYseGaysItuNðPaBefr Ca lT§plrdUvkaleFIVeGaytYnaTILERbRbYl. vamanRbCaRbiyPaBsMrab;LtamRKYsar edaysarEtvaman tMélTab nig gaydMeNIrkar. kñúgtMbn;RtUBic tYnaTIrbs;sItuNðPaBCMuvijLl¥.

)ak;etrIEdlekItmankñúgsItuNðPaBkMritmFüm xusBI)ak;etrIEdlekItBIsItuNðPaBekþAkñúgkMritTaMgBIrenH GRtalUtlas;rbs;)ak;etrIekIneLIgKYreGaysMKal;ehIyfycuHeTAvij. sItuNðPaBRbEhl 35°C

RtUv)ancat;TukCaKuNtMéld¾l¥éndMeNIrkarkñúgkMritsItuNðPaBmFüm. esIÞrEtRKb;dMNaMCIv]sμ ½nkñúgRbeTsLavdMeNIrkartamry³kMritsItuNðPaBmFümcab;BI 5° - 45°C.

1>3>2 smasPaB nigrcnasm<½n§rbs;Twk

brimaNsMeNIm nigesßrPaBénTMrg;rbs;sarFaturYmpSM mansar³sMxan;sMrab;dMeNIrkarbec©keTsenAkñúg RbB½n§rMlayEdlminRtUvkarGuksuIEsn. )a:r:aEm:RtTaMgBIrenH manPaBxusEbøkKñasMrab;sarFatuepSg² Kña. taragTI3bgðajBt’manBIPaBsmRsbénsarFaturYmpSMsMrab;dMeNIrkarRbRBwtþikmμCIvsaRsþ nig ]TahrN_ karrMlayEdlminRtUvkarGuksuIEsn nigkMb:uskm μ. taragTI 3³ PaBsmRsbénsarFatusMrab;RbRBwtþikm μCIvsaRsþ [Bidlingmaier 2000] Material Structure Moisture contents Suitable for digestion

sMNl;pÞH)ay GaRkk; x<s;Nas; l¥ sMNl;srIragÁ ¬mkBIRbPBepSg²¦

l¥eTACaGaRkk; BImFümeTAx<s; BImFümeTAl¥

sMNl;BIc,ardMNaM l¥ BITabeTAmFüm BImFümeTAGaRkk; esμAEdlkat; GaRkk; x<s;Nas;CayfaPaB l¥ MSW l¥ mFüm BImFümeTAGaRkk; lamkmnusS GaRkk; x<s;Nas; l¥ Pk;KMnrsMram GaRkk; x<s;Nas; l¥ lamkstV GaRkk; mFüm mFüm CIGacm_stV GaRkk; x<s;xøaMgNas; l¥ Beet sheets GaRkk; mFüm l¥

Biogas


Material Structure Moisture contents Suitable for digestion

cMebIg GaRkk; Tab GaRkk; sMbkeQI GaRkk; BImFümeTATab GaRkk; søwkeQI GaRkk; BImFümeTATab GaRkk; edImERtg mFüm eRcInTab GaRkk; Rkdas l¥ Tab GaRkk; Paunch l¥ BImFümeTAx<s; l¥ kakEpøeQI GaRkk; x<s; l¥ sMNl;pÞH)ay GaRkk; x<s;Nas; GaRkk; 1>3>3 kMrit pH

kMrit pH KWCaktþaeRCIserIssMxan;sMrab;RkumGtisuxmR)aN. RbtikmμGg;suImnImYy² mantMél pH xus²Kña. karpøas;bþÚrtMél pH GaceFVIeGayERbRbYleTAdl;lkçN³EjkecjBIKñaénRkummuxgarrbs; Gg;suIm nigman\T§iBlelIsmasPaBén substrate [Hartmann 1989] . \T§iBlTaMgBIrenHGaceFVI eGayERbRbYleTAdl;el,ÓnénRbtikmμKImICIvrbs;Gg;suIm dUcCa catabolism and anabolism ]TahrN_ karlUtlas;rbs;srIragÁtUc². kMritPaBsuaMsMrab; anaerobic biocoenosis CaTUeTAmantMélcab;BI pH = 6.8 to pH = 7.5 [Kapp

1984]. tMél pH )asTab CaTUeTAekIteLIgenAkñúgdMNak;kalmYyénRbB½n§rMlay mesophilic Edl-manRBwtþikmμCamYykMnkPk;. kMrit pH GacfycuHxøaMgkñúgkrNI EdlBBYkPk; b¤rUbFatuedImman kMritrcl;exSay edaysarEtkarekIteLIgnUvGasuItxnic EdlbNþal[ekIteLIgkarraMgsÞHdl;)ak;etrI emtan. 1>3>4 TMhMlMhr TMgn;tamTMhM nigdg;suIetmaD

Tm¶n;mansar³sMxan;sMrab;smtßPaBénkEnøgTukdak;mYy EtvaGaRs½yeTAelIsMeNIménelah³enaH cMeBaH Tm¶n;F¶n;vaCabBaðasMrab;dMeNIrkarbitCit enAkñúgtaragxageRkam karerobcMTinñ½yxøHeTAelIbrimaNsMeNIm énelah³sMrab;dMeNIrkarbitCitkñúgkarrMlayeGay)ansmrmü.

Biogas


14

taragTI 4³ kMritTMgn;vtßúFatuedIm [Ottow and Bidlingmaier 1997]

rUbFatuedIm briyay brimaNsMeNIm Wet weight [t/m³]

sMNl;srIragÁ sMNl;srIragÁEjkecjBIRbPB 0/4-0/7 sMNl;ébtg esμA

søwkeQI 0/4 0/2

sMNl;TIRkug Rcbl;cUlKña 0/1-0/3 sMNl;epSg² katug¼Rkdas;

kMTicRkdas; pSitRKYs kakEpøTMBaMg)ay kakEpøeQI kkrBIeragcRk kakrukçCatieRbg sMbkkakav sMbklðúgeRbg

0/1-0/3 0/8 0/8 0/45 0/3-0/5 0/4-0/6 0/2-0/3 0/1 0/4-0/5 0/2-0/25

1>3>5 smasPaBLpÞúk]s μ½n

LpÞúk\sμ ½neRbICaRbPBpþl;vtßúFatuedImsMrab;srIragÁxñattUc BIGVIEdlBYkva)anekIneLIgnUvfamBlEdlcaM )ac;edIm,IkarBarkarbegáItCIvitrbs;BYkva nigsmasPaBsMrab;karbMEbkénvtßúFatuedImekasikarf μ IsMrab; karFMlUtlas;rbs;BYkva. enAkñúgkarerobcMedIm,IeFVIeGay)ansMercnUvGtibrmakarbMEbkenAkñúgLpÞúk ]sμ ½n sMrab;srIragÁTaMgGs;. minEmnEtsßanPaBEdnkMNt;EdlB½T§CuMvijEdlRtUvEtl μm ¬kMedA kMrit pH

.l.¦ b:uEnþsMrab;smasPaBénLpÞúk]sμ½npgEdr. karxVHvtßúFatuedImsMrab;CIvitdUcCakabUn GasUt pUsVr nigvtßúFatusMNl;epSgeTotKWk¾minGacTTYl)anEdr. dUcenHRtUvtMrUvtamtMrUvkarCak;EsþgsMrab; smas PaBénLpÞúk]sμ ½n.

Biogas


smasPaBénLpÞúk]sμ ½nman\T§iBly:agxøaMgpgEdreTAelI biocoenosis . sarFatuEdlmanxøaj; eRcInenAkñúgLpÞúk]sμ ½n nigCaehtunaMeGayekIneLIgKYreGaykt;sMKal;nUvemeraKkMLúgeBl anaerobic

biocoenosis EdlGacbMEbkCatixøaj; nigbMEbkFaturbs;BYkva. y:agNak¾edayenHKWCakarRtwmRtUvEt mYyKt;RbsinebIeBlevlaRKb;RKan;KWpþl;eGaysMrab;karpøas;bþÚr.

TinñplCIv]sμ ½n nigsarFatuciBa©wmrbs;lamkstVepSg² xusKñaeTAtamRbePTstV nigEbbEpnénkar ciBa©wm ¬kñúgRTug¼eRkARTug¦ RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragTI5 xageRkam. lamkf μ IsMedAcMeBaHlamkstV rav ehIylamkfIμrwgsMedAcMeBaHlamkstVduM¼rwg. brimaNsarFatuciBa©wmsßitenAdEdl kñúgkMLúgdMeNIr karbMEbkedayK μanxül;RtUv)aneKeRbIykmkKNnanUvépÞtMrUvkarsMrab;kareRbIR)as;CI. taragTI 5 ³ lamkstV TinñplCIv]s μ ½n nigbrimaNCICati [FNR 2004] CH4 - sarFatuciBa©wm

vtßúFatuedIm dm odm TinñplCIv]sμ ½n brimaN N NH4 P2O5 K2O Mg

[%] [% dm] [m³/t wm]

[m³/t odm]

[Vol.-%] [% dm]

lamkeKa 8-11 75-82 20-30 200-500 60 2/6-6/7

1-4 0/5-3/3

5/5-10

0/3-0/7

lamkRCUk Rb> 7 75-86 20-35 300-700 60-70 6-18 3-17 2-10 3-7/5 0/6-1/5

lamkeKa Rb> 25 68-76 40-50 210-300 60 1/1-3/4

0/22-2 1-1/5 2-5 1/3

lamkRCUk 20-25 75-80 55-65 270-450 60 2/6-5/2

0/9-1/8 2/3-2/8

2/5-3 -

lamkman; Rb> 32 63-80 70-90 250-450 60 5/4 0/39 - - -

karEkécñplitplksikmμpþl;nUvsMNl;srIragÁepSgKña. BYkvaPaKeRcInRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;karbegáIt famBlenAkñúgLCIv]sμ ½n. CaBiessGnuplEdl)anmkBIkarplitRsaebor plitkm μemSAs¶Üt karduHem rbs;Gal;kul manlkçN³smRsb. taragxageRkamenHbgðajnUvRbePTrUbFatuedImEkécñepSg²³

Biogas


16

taragTI 6 ³ vtßúFatuEkécñxñat]sSahkm μ TinñplCIv]s μ ½n nigbrimaNCICati [FNR 2004] CH4 - sarFatuciBa©wm

vtßúFatuedIm dm odm TinñplCIv]sμ ½n brimaN

N NH4 P

[%] [% dm] [m³/t wm] [m³/t odm] [Vol.-%] [% dm] brewers grain 20-25 70-80 105-130 580-750 59-60 4-5 - 1/5 hogwash (grain) 6-8 83-88 30-50 430-700 58-65 6-10 - 3/6-6 hogwash (pota-toes) 6-7 85-95 36-42 400-700 58-65 5-13 - 0/9 hogwash (fruits) 2-3 Rb> 95 10-20 300-650 58-65 - - 0/73 Pulp Rb> 13 Rb> 90 80-90 650-750 52-65 0/5-1 0/04 0/1-0/2 fruit water 3/7 70-75 50-56 1500-

2000 50-60 4-5 0/8-1 2/5-3

process water 1/6 65-90 55-65 3000-4500

50-60 7-8 0/6-0/8 2-2/5

pressed spent slices 22-26 Rb> 95 60-75 250-350 70-75 - - - Molasse 80-90 85-90 290-340 360-490 70-75 1/5 - 0/3 apple pomace 25-45 85-90 145-150 660-680 65-70 1/1 - 0/3 fruit pomace 25-45 90-95 250-280 590-660 65-70 1-1/2 - 0/5-0/6 vine pomace 40-50 80-90 250-270 640-690 65-70 1/5-3 - 0/8-1/7

FnFansMNl;)anEckdac;BIKñaeTAtamtMbn; CaBiesssMNl;srIragÁKWCarUbFatuEkécñEdlRKb;RKan;sMrab; eFVILCIv]sμ ½nRbsinebIminmancMnuHsmasPaB lignin. rUbFatuEkécñTaMgenHtMrUveGayenAbiTCitmunnigeFVI RbRBwtikmμ ]> karEjkecjénFatuminsuT§dUcCa GMEbgEkv nigfg;pøasÞik. rUbFatuEkécñepSg² eTotman dUcCa sMNl;GaharEdl)anmkBIcRgáanGahardæan sMNl;mkBI stVXat nigxøaj;mkBIkarEjkyk ecjnUvCatixøaj; ¬ePaCnIydæan¦ Tinñpl]sμ ½n nigsamasFatuepSgeTot RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg taragTI7 xageRkam.

Biogas


taragTI 7³ sMNl;TIRkug sarFatuEkécñ TinñplCIv]s μ ½n nigbrimaNCICati [FNR 2004] CH4 - sarFatubMb:n

rUbFatuEkécñ dm odm TinñplCIv]sμ ½n content

N NH4 P

[%] [% dm] [m³/t wm] [m³/t odm] [Vol.-%] [% dm]

sMNl;srIragÁ 40-75 50-70 80-120 150-600 58-65 0/5-2/7 0/05-0/2 0/2-0/8 sMNl;Gahar 9-37 80-98 50-480 200-500 45-61 0/6-5 0/01-1/1 0/3-15 sMNl;TIpSar 15-20 80-90 45-110 400-600 60-65 3-5 - 0/8 karEjkyk xøaj;ecj

2-70 75-93 11-450 RbEhl 700 60-72 0/1-3/6 0/02-0/15

0/1-0/6

cMnuHeBaHRCUk 12-15 75-86 20-60 250-450 60-70 2/5-2/7 - 1/05 cMnuHeBaH 11-19 80-90 20-60 200-400 58-62 1/3-2/2 0/4-07 1/1-1/6

flotate sludge 5-24 80-95 35-280 900-1200 60-72 3/2-8/9 0/01-0/06

0/9-3

sMNl;ébtg RbEhl 12

83-92 150-200 550-680 55-65 2-3 - 1/5-2

1>3>6 rUbFaturwg nigbrimaNTwk

karlaycUlKñarvagsarFaturwg nigTwk

sarFaturwg

Twk

Biogas


18

brimaNvtßúFaturwg CaFm μta)anRsg;Ca rUbFatus¶Üt rW brimaNrUbFatus¶Üt ¬dm KitCa % ¬w/w¦ rW g/l¦ man\T§iBlBitR)akdeTAelIkarxUcxatenAkñúg anaerobic reactor. LpÞúk]s μ ½nkøaymkCamanPaBs¥it eRcInCamYykarEdlF¶n;eLIg²énbrimaNrUbFaturwgEdlhUrekIneLIg nig karekIneLIgrgVas;cMnuHtMélén karpÞúkén reactor.

RbsinebILpÞúk]sμ ½nkøaymkCamanPaBs¥itEdlminmankarlayRKb;RKan; KWGaceFVIeTA)anenAkñúg re-

actor )ak;etrI nig)anpÁt;pÁg;RKb;RKan;CamYYyLpÞúk]sμ ½n. CakarBi)akcMeBaHkarxUcxatrUbFaturwg nigkar fycuHplitpl]sμ ½nCak;lak;. RbsiT§iPaBdUcKñaEdl)anekIteLIgRbsinebIkarpÞúksrIragÁelIsBItMél EdleRKagCabrimaNenAkñúgLpÞúk]s μ ½nKwmankMritx<s;EdlGaceFVIeGayxUcedaysar)ak;etrI.

edayeyagtamkarRsavRCaveday kapp(1984) brimaNrUbFaturwgekIneLIgrhUtdl; 10 % (w/w) enA kñúg digestion reactor Edlminman\T§iBlsMxan;eTAelI karplit]sμ ½nCak;lak;. brimaNrUbFatu rwgx<s;bNþaleGaymankarfycuHénkarplit]sμ ½nCak;lak; dUcEdl)anbgðajenArUbPaBTI1.

rUbPaBTI 1³ karplit]s μ ½nCak;lak;EdlGaRs½yelIbrimaNrUbFaturwgenAkñúg digestion reactor [Böhnke et al. 1993]

Biogas


1>3>7 ktþaraMgsÞH LpÞúk]sμ ½nCaeRcInGacham rW skm μPaBénkarrlaymankaryWt dUcenHmankarekInénmIRkUsrIragÁ. dUcCasmasFatu)an)at;bg;nUvRTnab;kMNt;ekasikar rcnasm<½n§énmIRkUsrIragÁ (e.g. emSAsab‘U) rW Gg;sIum sMrab;CamUldæansMrab;karrMlay ¬]³ elah³F¶n;). \T§iBlEdlnaMeGaymankarxUcxatxøaMgén sarFatuTaMgenHmanBiessKW GaRs½yelIkarRbmUlpþúM [Schlegel 1974], i.e. GtßPaBénsarFatuGacmin hamcMeBaHPaBskmμEdlnaMmux rWkarbMpøaj. karhamcab;epþImCamYykarRbmUlpþúMBitR)akd. kar-hamsarFatusMrab; dMeNIrkarGakasCIv rYmTaMgGuksuIEsn s<an;F½r GasuItsrIragÁ nIRtat Gam:UBaJÚm nig-Gam:Uja:t EdlCaelah³F¶n;l¥.

1>3>8 karrkSaTukCIvma:s karRbmUlpþúMrbs;CIvma:sd¾skmμkñúgRbB½n§GacRtUv)anekIneLIgtamry³karrkSarnUvCIvma:s b¤ k¾dMeNIr karvilcuHeLIgmþgeTot. GtßRbeyaCn_d¾sMxan;KWCakarbMEbkFatud¾elOnEdlnaMeGaycMnuH Reactor tic CageRcIn ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwg Reactor ecj. karrkSaCIvma:skññúglkçxNÐsuBaØakasGacRtUv)anbeBa©jecal edaytMelIugeRKOgdwkCBa¢ÚnEdlsrIragÁ GtisuxumR)aNGacenA)an (enAmineRcIn). karrkSaCIvma:sRtUv)anGnuvtþedaydMeNIrkarCaeRcIn. tam n½yenHsarFaturwgecjBI Reactor tamlkçxNÐsuBaØakasRtUv)anEckehIyRtlb;eTA Reactor vij.

2 kmμviFILCIv]s μ½n (BPP) enARbeTsLav eKaledACacMbg KwedIm,IbegáInCIvPaBciBa©wmCIvit nigelIksÞÜyKuNPaBrs;enArbs;ksikrCnbT ehIy kat;bnßy plb:HBal;BIkar)at;bg;FnFanCIv]sμ ½nenARbeTsLav tamry³karekgcMenjEpñkTIpSar RbeyaCn_epSg²eTot énLCIv]sμ ½ntampÞH. vamaneKalbMNgkñúgkarsßabnaRbB½n§skm μPaBBiesaFn_mYy edIm,IbegáItmUldæanRKwHénkm μviFIxñatFMna eBlGnaKt EdlnwgsßabnaLCIv]sμ ½ntampÞHmanlkçN³GaCIvkm μEdlGacRbRBwtþeTA)an. sar³RbeyaCn_EdlrMBwgTukBIkmμviFIenH mandUcxageRkam³

• karkat;bnßyGRtabMpøicbMpøajbrisßan nigkarkab;éRBeQI cMeBaHkareRbIR)as;GusCMnYsedaykar eRbIR)as;kaksMNl;ksikmμ ehIykrNIxøHeRbIlamk edIm,IeqøIytbnwgtMrUvkaréncMnYn RbCaCn CnbT.

• elIkkMBs;lkçxNÐGnam½y nig suxPaBrbs;RbCaCntamCnbT

Biogas


20

• begáInhirBaØvtßúry³eBlEvg rbs;RbCaBlrdæedaykarkat;bnßykarcMnayelIGus Edlman tMéléfø

• begáInplitplksikmμedayeRbIkaksMnl;EdlhUrecjBIL eFVICaCIFm μCati smasPaBKMerag smasPaBTI 1³ karKaMRT nigTIpSar ³ CMruj nigCMrabdl;RbCaBlrdæ GMBIplRbeyaCn_ nigtMélénLCIv]s μ ½ntampÞH nigpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ cMeBaHkmμviFIenH smasPaBTI 2³ hirBaØvtßú ³ kat;bnßykarcab;epþImEpñkhirBaØvtßú nigbegáInCMnYyEpñk\NTan nigkarsgvijedIm,ICYysMrYldl;kar sagsg;LCIv]sμ ½ntampÞH sMrab;Pñak;garEdlmanskþanuBlkñúgkarRbtibtþi CaBiessepþateTAelICn Bikar nig®sþI. smasPaBTI 3 ³ karsagsg; nig esvakm μlk;bnÞab; ³ sMrYldl;karsagsg; nigRbtibtþikarCabnþbnþab; énLCIv]s μ ½n cMnYn 6600 kEnøg smasPaBTI 4 ³ karRKb;RKgKuNPaB ³ begáInRbsiT§iPaBeGay)anx<s;bMputénkarvinieyaK EdleFVIeLIgedaym©as;LCIv]sμ ½n nigkarrkSaTMnukcitþ BIGñkeRbIR)as; kñúgbec©kviTüaLCIv]sμ ½ntampÞH.

smasPaBTI 5 ³ karhVwkhVWn ³ pþl;nUvCMnaj sMrab;GñkCMnYj edIm,IdMeNIrkar CIv]sμ ½n SMEs nigGñkeRbIR)as;CIv]sμ ½neGayman lT§PaBeRbIR)as;LCIv]sμ ½neGaymanRbsiT§iPaB. smasPaBTI 6 ³ visalPaB ³ pþl;B½tmandl;GñkeRbIR)as;CIv]s μ ½n eGayGaceRbIR)as;Gs;lT§PaBnUvral;sarRbeyaCn_énCIv]s μ ½n. smasPaBTI 7 ³ sßab½nKaMRT ³ begáInsmtßPaBdl;sßab½nEdlBak;B½n§nwgCIv]s μ ½n eGaymanlT§PaBpþl;esvakm μ nigkarKaMRTEdlRtUv karBIEpñkCIv]sμ ½nedIm,IsMrYldl;CIv]sμ ½ntampÞH nigkarGPivDÆn_KuNPaBénplitplCIv]sμ ½n. smasPaBTI 8 ³ karRtYtBinitü nigkarvaytMél ³ kMnt;karrIkcMerInénKMerag nigplb:HBal;elIGñkeRbIR)as; rWEpñkepSg²eTotedIm,IsMrYldl;karEckcay cMeNHdwg.

Biogas


smasPaBTI 9 ³ karRsavRCav nigkarGPivDÆn_ ³ begáIncMeNHdwgGMBI bBaaðCIv]sμ ½ntampÞH edIm,IbegáInRbsiT§iPaBeGay)anx<s;bMput TaMgKuNPaB esvakmμ dwkCBa¢ÚnénkmμviFICIv]sμ ½n. smasPaBTI 10 ³ karRKb;RKgKMerag ³ KaMRT nig sMrbsMrYlskm μPaBEdlCYydl;karGPivDÆn_CIv]sμ ½nEbbGaCIvkmμEdlGaceFVIeTA)an. 3 LCIv]s μ½nCati enARbeTskm<úCa ³ km μviFILCIv]sμ ½nfañk;Cati (NBP) KWCakmμviFIrYmKañrvagRksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT km<úCa (MAFF) nigGgákarGPivDÆn_RbeTshuløg; (SNV). CMhanénKMeragKWcab;epþImBI qañM2005 dl; ExFñÚ qañM2009 edayRKbdNþb;TUTaMgextþEdlmanskþanuBlEpñkLCIv]s μ ½n. RbsinebIlT§plecjmk)anl¥ km μviFInwgBRgIkeTAkan;RKb;extþRkugkñúgCMhan TI2. eKaledArYmrbs;CMhanTI1 énkmμviFIkarpSBVpSayénLCIv]sμ ½ntampÞH CaRbPBfamBleRbIR)as; Edl Gacrk)anenAkñúgRsuktamry³karGPivDÆn_LCIv]sμ ½nsMrab;eFVIGaCIvkmμ nigtMrUvkarTIpSar enAbNþaextþ Edl)aneRCIserIskñúgRbeTskm<úCa. RksYgksikmμ)ancat;eGaymnÞIrplitkmμ nigbsustV (DAHP) CaPñak;garpþl;RbwkSa nigsMrbsMrYlsMrab; km μviFI> GgákarGPivDÆn_RbeTshuløg; (SNV) pþl;CMnYybec©keTsdl;kmμviFIeBl EdlGKÁnaykdæan shRbtibtþkarGnþrCati (DGIS) énRksYgkarbreTsRbeTshuløg; pþl;nUvCMnYyEpñkhirBaØvtúß enAkñúg RkbxNÐkmμviFICIv]sμ ½nenAGasuI. eKaledACak;lak;mYycMnYn EdlrYmcMENkcMeBaHTisedArYménkmμviFI KWmandUcxageRkam³ • begáIncMnYnLCIv]sμ ½nEdlmanKuNPaB nig TMhMtamcMnYnsmaCikkñúgRKYsar cMnYn 17 500

kEnøg kñúgbNaþextþeRCIserIs • FananirnþrPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as;énLCIv]sμ ½nTaMgGs;EdleFVIeLIgenAkñúgkmμviFI • elIkkMBs;sarRbeyaCn_ énLCIv]sμ ½nkMBugeRbIR)as; CaBiesskareRbIlMhUrecjrbs;

LCIv]sμ ½neGay)anRbesIrbMput • karGPivDÆn_smtßPaBbec©keTs sMrab;eRbIkñúgRTg;RTayFMénbec©kviTüaLCIv]sμ ½n kñúgRbeTskm<úCa

Biogas


22

• BRgwg nigsMrYlkarsßabnaviTüasßan sMrab;karGPivDÆn_Cabnþ énEpñkLCIv]s μ ½n km μviFIeFIVskmμPaB kñúgEpñkTIpSar nigkarKaMRT karsagsg; karCYsCul nig karEfrkSa RBmTaMgkarRtYt BinitüKuNPaB karRsavRCav nigkarGPivDÆn_ karhVwkhVWn visalPaBCIvsaRsþ karRtYtBinitü nig kar vaytMél. karKaMRTEpñkTIpSar KWeFVIeLIgedayGñkcuHkugRta nigRkumCageFVI k¾dUcCaGgÁkareRkArdæPi)al nig kariyal½y km μviFIRbcaMextþ. kariyal½y NBP CaGñkeFVIskmμPaBKaMRT dUcCakarGPivDÆn_ nigkarbegáItb:UesIÞr xitb½NÑ DVDs nigkar pSBVpSaytamRbB½n§pSBVpSayCati. karsßabna nigkarEfrkSaRbcaMqañM nigkarCYsCuleFVIeLIgedayRkum Cag. RkumCagenHRtwmEtGnujatieGayeFVIeRkayBI)anbBa©b;edayeCaKC½y nUvkarbNþúHbNþalEpñk bec©keTs nigeRkamkarRtYtBinitüy:agm:t;ct; énkariyal½ykm μviFILCIv]sμ ½nenAtamextþ. RkumCageFVI RtUv)anelIkTwkcitþeGaybegáItCaRkumkñúgeyHeBlEvgedaymanTisedAGPivDÆn_kñúgRkumcuHbBa¢Irbs;xøÜn. karpþl;hirBaØvtßúkñúgkarsagsg;LCIv]s μ ½n rYmmanfvikabMrugxageRkA nigkarrYmcMENkrbs;ksikr. bEnßmelInwgeTot mankarbBa©úHtMélsMrab;ksikr EdlmanskþanuBlEpñkbec©keTs b:uEnþmanR)ak;tic R)ak;bMrugkaøyCa]bkrN_sMxan; edIm,IFanadl;bTdæanKuNPaBénkarksagLCIv]sμ ½n nigesvakmμlk; bnÞab;mk. fvikae)aHTun 100USD KWl μmGacTak;TajksikrEdlmanskþanuBl eTaHCaminRKb;RKan;bribUrk¾eday. tamkarpþl;tMélsrubsMrab;TMhMLksikrTMhMtUcTTYlPaKryénfvikax<s;Cag elIkare)aHTunrbs;BYkeK cMENkÉkarRKbRKgmanlkçN³samBaØ. fvika KWepJIrtamFnaKareGsIulIda (ACELIDA )nigtamFnaKarsMxan;²tamtMbn;déTeTot. KuNPaBTMnij nigesvakm μ Bt’manmuneBlsagsg; karsagsg; visalPaB nigkarhVwkhVWn EdlRtUv pþl;eGayGtifiCn KWCacMnucsMxan;bMputéneCaKC½yrbs;kmμviFI. KuNPaBénkarsagsg; nigesvakm μ lk;bnÞab;eTot KWRtUv)anRtYtBinitü ehIyebIrkeXIjfamindUcGVIEdl)anRBmeRBogeT karEktMrUvRtUveFVI eLIgPaøm. KuNPaBénRbtibtþikar nigkarEfrkSa RtUv)anRtYtBinitüya:gm:t;ct;Edr. karGnuvtþn_epaþteTAelIkarGPivDÆn_ nigeFVIetsþL nigkarEkERbRbdab;RbdaeRbIR)as; edIm,Ikat;bnßy tMél nigbegáInPaBeCOCak; nigPaBrak;Tak;rbs;GñkeRbIR)as;. varYmTaMgskmμPaB edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða bec©keTsénKMrU EdlekItmaneLIg.

Biogas


dUcCakarENnaMxagedIm énkarCYsCuledaménLCIv]s μ ½n KWBitCafμ IcMeBaHkm<úCa/ smtßPaBkñúgkarsßabna enAkñúgRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;EdlBak;B½n§kñúgkm μviFImansarsMxan;Nas;. enHrYmTaMgkarhVwkhVWndl;BYkCag nigbuKÁlikkariyal½ykmμviFIenAtamextþ kñúgkarsagsg; karEfrkSa karRKb;RKgKuNPaB karcat;Ecg TIpSar CaedIm. FnaKar nig GgÁkar NGO nig INGO RtUv)aneKhVwkhVWn EpñkvisalPaB nigkarelIksÞÜy GñkeRbIR)as; sþIBIRbtibtþikar nig karEfrkSa. visalPaBd¾sMxan; KWkareRbIR)as;kaksMNl; EdlbgðÚrecjBILCIv]s μ ½nCaCI. Epñkd¾BiesssMrab; eKalbMNgenH KWkarsaßbnaenAkñúgkariyal½ykm μviFIfñak;Cati edIm,IkMnt;kareRbIR)as;lMhUrecjenAkñúg bribfRbeTskm<úCaehIyeFVIya:gNaeGay)anRCYtRCabeTAdl;RbCaksikr. bTBiesaFn_kareRbIR)as; enAbNaþRbeTsmYycMnYnenAkñúgtMbn;CamYynwgkm μviFIenH RtUv)aneKykeTABicarNa nigshRbtibtþikar ya:gCitsñiT CamYynwPñak;gar nigKMeragEpñkksikm μEdlmankñúgRbFanbTenH. bEnßmeTAnwgkarRsavRCav nigkarGPivDÄn_ karRtYtBinitü nigkarvaytMélekIteLIg edIm,IsikSanUv RbsiT§iPaBkarelIksÞÜykarhVwkhVWn nigskm μPaBelIkeLIg . eTaHbICakmμviFImanry³eBlkMnt;k¾eday km μviFIenHmanTisedAkñúgkarsaßbnaviTüasßan EdlcaM)ac;sMrab; PaBEdlGacKg;vgS)anyUrénskm μPaBCIv]sμ ½nputBIry³eBlkm μviFIrbs;xøÜn. karsßabnasmtßPaBenAkñúgviTüsaßnEdlman KWCaskmμPaBmYyénkmμviFI. enHsrbBa¢ak;faskm μPaB Edl)anerobrab;mkxagelInigGaceFVIeTA)antamry³GgÁkarrdæTaMgfñak;extþ nigfñak;Cati EpñkÉkCn nig GgÁkar NGO nig INGO. 4 smasPaBrbs;RbB½n§LCIv]s μ½ntampÞH KMrUCIv]sμ ½n EdleFVIeLIgenARbeTsLav KWEkécñBIbec©keTs GaløWm:g; nigcin ehIyvaRsedogKñaCamYy nwgRbeTs\NÐa nigen)a:l;. smasPaBrbs;RbB½n§LCIv]s μ ½ntampÞH KWman6 EpñksMxan;²³

1> pøÚvcUl GagcMruH (Mixing Chamber) sMrab;GagciBa©wmedaylamkeKa nigRCUk 2> L GagrMlay (Digestion Chamber) 3> kEnøgpÞúkhaÁs GagpÞúk 4> pøÚvecj Gagpøas; (Displacement Chamber) 5> RbB½n§CBa¢ÚnhaÁs (Gas Conveyance System) 6> reNþAkMb:us (Slurry Compost Pit)

Biogas


24

KMrU GGC énLCIv]sμ ½nrYmmandUcxageRkam³

4>1 GagcUl GagcUl GagcMruH KWeFVIeLIgedayebtug. vaCaGagciBa©wmedaylamkeKa nigsMrab;lamkRCUkbMEbk[ sBVsin. karlaycMruHrvaglamkeKanwgTwk RtUv)anlayenAkñúgGagcMruH rWk¾lamkRCUk Edl)aj; ecjBIeRkalhUrtamTueyaeTAkan;L.

rUbPaBTI 2³ GagcUl GagcMruH LCIv]s μ ½ntampÞH

4>2 TueyacUl³ cugmçagénTueyacYl Pa¢b;nwgGagcMruH ehIymçageTot Pa¢b;eTAxagkñúgL énCBaa¢Mgx½NÐedayeRbITueya PVC EdlTueyacUlmanBIr. TueyanaMlamkstVcUl nigTueyaP¢ab;BIbgÁn; RtUvdak;P¢ab;nwgCBaa¢MgdUm enAeBlsg;)andUm)ankMBs; 35s>m. TueyacUlBIbgÁn;RtUvdak;eGayekoknwg TueyanaMlamkstVcUl edayKMlatCaGtibrima 45dWeRk.

rUbPaBTI 3³ TueyacUl

Biogas


4>3 Lkac;lamk Lkac;lamkmanragsuILaMg rW rageGlIbsUGIut EdlkarrMlayénBBYkemekIteLIg. vasg;eLIg eday\dæ nigl,aysIum:g; nigenACBaa¢Mgxagkñúg KW)a:tedaysIum;g;layxSac;. CBaa¢MgLGaceFVIBIf μenA kEnøg EdlGacrk)an ehIymantMélefak edayeRbIvaCMnYs\dæ. ExS nige)a:leQIRtUv)aneKeRbIkñúg krNIenH. cMnucxageRkamKYrEteFVIeBlEdlsagsg;L nigkEnøgpÞúkhaÁs. RtaM\dæenAkñúgTwkry³eBl 10-15 naTI muneBleRbI. erobcM)ayGrsMrab;eFIVCBaa¢Mg\dæ kñúgkMritsIum:g; 1PaK xSac; 3PaK. cMkNaþlreNþA TueyaEdk rWTueyahaÁsTMhM 0/5Gl RtUv)andak;enATItaMgbBaÄrRtg;. enA)atépÞdI Tueya b£begÁaleQI mYyRtUv)andak;enATItaMgepþkcMkNaþlreNþA. TueyabBaÄrGacFanasuvtßiPaBdl;Tueya edk. eRkayBIFana)anehIy RtUvemIlTueyabBaÄr etIvazitenATItaMgRtwmRtUveT. \LÚvenHRtUvkMNt;kaM énCBa¢aMgenAÉ)atreNþA edayeRbIExSP¢ab;nwge)a:lQr rWTueya. \dæ rWf μnImYy² EdlerobCBaa¢MgLrag mUl enaHRtUverobeGay)anl¥CamYynwg)ayGr. eRkayBIkMnt;BIkaMénLrgVg; RtUvEtKUredayeyag eTA tamv½NÐénkMeNag.

rUbPaBTI 4³ L GagrMlay

4>4 GagpÞúkhaÁs (Storage Chamber) enAeBlcak;dIbMeBjreNþAedIm,IeFVIBum<sMrab;edam EpñkxageRkAénCBaa¢MgmUlKYreFVieLIgedaybgðab;eGay )anRtwmRtUv. Gacm_dIEdl)anmkBIkarCikreNþAkMb:usþGacykmkeRbIsMrab;cak;bMeBjeFIVTueyacUlnig ecjénGag ehIycak;bMeBjxagelIénedam.eBlbBa©b;karcak;dI eyIgGacdkTueyabBaÄredayTaj eLIgelIRtg;. vaRtUv)andak;CMnYsedayTueyamanmuxkat; tUcCag 0/5 : edaymanRbEvg 0/5m: enAkñúgdI enAcMkEnøgdEdl. xñatKMrURtUveRbIedIm,IeFVIragedam. kMBUlCBaa¢MgmUlRtUvEts¥ateBl EdlKMrU

Biogas


26

RtUv)aneRbI. xñatKMrUGacykmkBinitüemIlEpñkkMBUledayR)akdfa vamanragedk nigQr. EpñkénKMrU dak;elICBaa¢Mg mUlRtUvsßitelITItaMgEtmUyenAelICBaa¢MgmUl.

rUbPaBTI 5³ LpÞúkhaÁs vamansar³sMxan;Nas;EdldIBum<RtUvbgðab;eGay)anl¥. RbsinebIdITTYl)ankarsgát;bEnßeTotenAeBl cak;Bum<edamenaHtamry³TMgn;sIum:g;rbs;vavaGacbNaþleGaymansñameRbHenAkñúgedam. enAeBldI Bum<manTMrg;dUc)aneRKagehIy RsTab;esþIgénxSac;l¥itRtUv)aneKerayelIdMbUledamedayfñm²enAelIépÞ rbs;va. dI rW xSac;EdlenAsl; Faøk;tamCBaa¢MgRtUvykecj. dIEdleKykmkeRbIsMrab;Bum< RtUveFVI eGayesIm edIm,IkarBardIs¶Üt BIkarRsUbCatiTwkBIBum<EdleTIbcak;fμ I. muneBlcab;epþImkarcak;Bum< kMlaMg Blkmμ nigsMPar³sagsg;dUcCa xSac; fμl¥it sIum:g; nig Twk EdlRtUvEtRbmUlenAEk,renaH. karcak;Bum< RtUveFVIkan;Etqab;kan;Etl¥ nigedayK μankarrMxanepSg² ebImindUecñHeTvanwgCH\T§iBl GviC¢mandl;KuN PaBénBum<. karpÁt;pÁg;eGayRKb;RKan; nigx¢ab;x¢Ünénl,aysIum:g; lay 1>sIum:g; 2>xSac; 3>fμl¥it RtUveFVIeLIgsMrab;RkumCag. cMeBaHl,aysIum:g;kMuTukyUrCag 30naTI. karEfTaMBiess KYrEteFVI edIm,IrkSakMras;énedameBlEdlkMBugcak;Bum< ]>kMras;xagkñúg nigenAEk,rRCug KYrEteFVIeGay Rkas;CagEpñkkNaþl sMrab;kEnøgpÞúkhaÁsxñat 4/ 6/ 8/ 10m3 kMras;xagkñúgKYrEt 25s>m ÉkMras; enAcMkNþalKW 7s>m. RsedogKñasMrab;xñat 15 nig 20m3. sMrab;kMras;enAxagkñúgKW 8 nig9s>m erogKña ehIyRCugmankMras; 25s>m. TueyatUcenAelIkMBUlBum< RtUvTukcUlTIenaHrhUtdl;TueyahÁasRtUv)aneKtMelIg. eRkayRbEhlCamYys)aþh_ GaRs½yelIsItuNð PaB dIBum<GacRtUv)aneKsMGattamRbehag. enAeBlsMGatdIGs;ehIy épÞxagelIénGagpÞúkhaÁs RtUvsMGat edaykarduHlagCamYyTwknigRcasEdk. épÞTaMgmUlénedamRtUvEtsMGatecjmuneBl

Biogas


)a:tsIum:g;. eRkayBIsMGatehIykar)a:tsIum:g;eRcInRsTab;RtUv)aneFVIeLIg edIm,IeGay]bkrN_pÞúkhaÁs GackarBar haÁsRCabecj. karduslag nigekasxat;edamcMnYn5 RsTab;dUcxageRkam³ • RsTab;TI1³lagedayTwksIum:g; ¬sIum:g; 1 PaK/ Twk 3-5 PaK¦)a:tedayeRbIRcas • RsTab;TI2³ )a:tsIum:g;eGay)ankMras; 10m>m edayeRbIl,ayxSac;laysIum:g; ¬sIum:g; 1PaK/

xSac; 3 PaK¦bUkedayeRbIsaøbRBa. • RsTab;TI3³ FIvsIum:g;kMras; 3-5m>m sIum:g;layxSac; ¬sIum:g; 1 PaK/ xSac; 2 PaK¦ bUkeday

eRbIsaøbRBa. • RsTab;TI4³ bUkedayeRbIsIum:g;nigfñaMlayGaRKIlIk acrylic emulsion ¬fñaM 1 PaK/ sIum:g;

10-12 PaK¦ kMras; 10m>m bUkedayeRbIsaøbRBa. • RsTab;TI5³ labfañMeGayRkas;edayeRbIfñaM acrylic emulsion CamYysIum:g; ¬fñaM 1 PaK/

sIum:g2 PaK¦labedayeRbIRcaslab ¬TMhM 10s>m¦ RsTab;bUkxageRkA ya:gticRtUvTukmYyéf¶muneBlbUkRsTab;mYyeTot. enAeBlbUk kargarcaM)ac;RtUv eFIVeLIgedaykarRbugRby½tñnigKa μnkarrMxan. RsTab;nImYy²RtUvEtrelages μ I. karEktMrUvRtUveFVIeLIg edayRtwmRtUvkñúgépÞnImYy²muneBlbUkRsTab;mYyeTot. LGacdMeNIrkar)anl¥ KWGaRs½yedaykar minRCabhaÁsecjBIedam. karbUkRsTab;nImYy²RtUveFVIeTAtamsþg;daredaykarRbug Rby½tñkMritx<s;.

4>5 pøÚvecj Gagpøas; b:mtUcRtUveFVIedIm,IkarBarTueyahaÁsedam.karsßabnavaKWeFVIenAeBlkarbUkenARsTab;xageRkAénGagpÞúkhaÁss¶Ütl¥.b:mtUcGacCaragbYnRCug rWragmUl.TMhMragbYnRCugKWRbmaN 20s>m. RbsinebIragmUl Ggát;p©itvaRbEvg 20s>m kMBs;vaRbmaN 40s>m. edIm,IeFVIGagpøas; (Displacement Chamber) kar CIkdI KWeFVIeLIgenABIeRkayKMrb. CasMxan;RtUvEtsIuKñanwgRCigénGagedayvakMnt;cMeBaH smtßPaBpÞúk rbs;GagpÞúkhaÁs.CMhanxageRkamKYreFVItamenAeBlsagsg;GagenH ³ • CMerAd¾Cak;lak; KWCMerAxagkñúgénpøÚvecj bUknwgkMras;énkar)a:tsIum:g; bUknwgkMras;énkarcak;ebtug

(CMerAxagkñúg +1.2+7.5cm) BIkMBs;dI. eBlEdlCIk)anCMerAenHnIvU:rbs;vaKYrEtdl;kMBUl énKMrb. dI enAxageRkampøÚvecj enABIeRkayKMrbRtUvEtbgðab;eGay)anl¥ mindUecñaHeTnwgmansñameRbHelc eLIgkñúgcg¥ÚrpøÚvecjenAeBleRkay. ehIyTMhMxagkñúgénGagecjGacrkeXIjelIrUbman beNaþy/

Biogas


28

TTwg nigCMerA (A, B and D) . beNaþy nigTTwgénkarCIk KYreFVIeLIgedayTMhMxagkñúg bUknwg kMras;CBaa¢Mg bUknwgkMras;sIum:g;Edl)a:tBIeRkA. R)akdfacMgayBI)atKMrb eTA)aténpøÚvecj esμ Inwg CMerAénGagpøÚvecj bUknwgkMras;ebtug ¬7/5s>m¦.

• eBlbBa©b;karCIk RkalsIum:g;elIépÞeGay)anRtwmRtUv. GRtaénl,ayKW 1³2³3 (sIum:g³xSac;³ fμl¥itlay¦. épÞsIum:g;enaHRtUvEtrabes μ IehIys¥at.épÞenH eBlEdlsIum:g;enaHkkehIy eyIgGac eFVICBaa¢MgpøÚvecj. TMhMxagkñúgrbs;pøÚvecjmanbgðajkñúgrUb ¬beNaþy nigTTwg¦. eBlCYsCulTMhM Tuk 2/5s>m sMrab;kar)a:tsIum:g; ¬TaMgsgxag¦)a:t)ayGrRsTab;TI1 ¬sIum:g; 1 PaK/ xSac; 3PaK¦ ehIycab;eFVICBaa¢Mg. dak;\dæenARCugTaMgbYnénCBaa¢MgGag EdleFVIeGaygayRsYldl;kar sagsg;. CBaa¢MgRtUvEtbBaÄrehIyeBleFVIehIyRsTab;sIum:g;RtUvEtrelags¥at ¬sIum:g; 1PaK/ xSac; 3PaK¦ EpñkxageRkAénCBaa¢MgRtUvEtbgðab;eGay)anl¥ edIm,IeCosvageRbHEbkedaysMBaFBI xagkñúg.

rUbPaBTI 6³ pøÚvecj

kMritehorecjBIpøÚvecjya:gehacNas; 10s>m x<s;CagkMBs;dI. kareFVIdUcenHKWedIm,IeCosvagkarhUr TwkcUlBICMuvijCaBiesseBlrdUvePøóg. vaCakarl¥tMrg;vatamrebobenHedayeGaybeNþay sIunwgbnÞat;. RbsinebIdImankMnt;ehIyminGaceFVItamrebobepSgeTot. caMfaRtUvsg;kMritehorecjkñúgCBaa¢MgEvg. • bnÞHKMrbpøÚvecjRtUvcak;Bum<eBlkMBugcak;sIum:g;én)atpøÚvecj. ÉbnÞHenaHRtUvcak;pÞal;nwgkMritdIsMrab;

TMhMnImYy²sMrab;smtßPaBpÞúkénGagnImYy². ykcitþTukdak;eBlbgðab;l,aysIum:g; eBlkMBugcak; Bum<bnÞ HedayTukRbehagtUcmYy EdlbgðajeGayeXIjEdkEdlsIuedaycMhayTwkecjBIGag tampøÚvecj. cMhayehHnwgeFVIeGayvaeRcH ehIyyUreTAvanwgEbk)ak;. eTaHCamaneFVIRbehag k¾KYrEt biTvaedayKMrbsIum:g;. eyIgRtUvBinitüemIlbnÞHenHral;éf¶ya:gehacNas; 5éf¶ muneBl

Biogas


dak;vaenAkEnøgedImvij. bnÞHtUvmankMras; 7/5s>m edaymankMlaMgRtwmRtUv nigmanRbEvg 2-2/5s>m BIxageRkam. TMhMrbs;va KWmnusS 3-4nak; GacEsgrYcedayminBi)ak. KMrbtampøÚvhUr ecjmansarsMxan;Nas; sMrab;karBarekμg² nigstVmineGayFøak;. müa:geTotvakarBarTwk ePøóg mineGayhUrcUlkñúgL nigeCosvagcMhayeRcIneBkenArdUvekþA.

TMhMbnÞHKMrbmanbgðajenAkñúgtaragTI8xageRkam.

taragTI 8³ TMhMbnÞHKMrb Slab size in cm Plant size in

M³ Length Breadth No. of slabs

Diameter of MS rod

Weight of steel to be procured in kg

4 145 55 3 8 10 6 145 58 3 8 12 8 155 65 3 8 13/5 10 155 68 3 8 15

sMrab;bnÞHTaMgGs;

kMras; ³ 5-7/5s>m (2-3”)

KMrb xageRkam ³ 2-2/5s>m (1”) cenøaHEdkdak;tambeNaþy ³ 15 s>m (6”)

cenøaHEdkdak;ExVgKña ³ 30s>m (12”) GRtal,aysIum:g; ³ sIum:g; 1 PaK/ xSac; 2 PaK/ l,aylay 4 PaK ry³eBlBinitü ³ ya:gehacNas; 5 éf¶

rUbPaBTI 7³ bnÞHKMrbpøÚvecj

Biogas


30

4>6 reNAþsMNl; reNaþAsMNl;KWCaEpñkrYmbBa©ÚlénLCIv]s μ ½n. Ldac;xatRtUvEtmanva. ya:gehacNas;manreNþA kMb:usBIrEk,rnwgpøÚvecj EdlkaksMNl;GachUrecjedayesrIBIL. eTaHCay:agNak¾edayBICBaa¢Mg dl;reNþAkMb:us RtUvTukcenøaHya:gehacNas; 20s>m ebImindUcenHeTCBaa¢MgvaGaceRbHEbk. reNþA TaMgBIrRtUveRbIqaøs;evnKñaedIm,Idak;kaksMNl;ecjBIL brimaNpÞúkrbs;reNþAkMb:usþya:gehacNas; RtUv esμ IbrimaNrbs;L. CMerAénreNþAminRtUv;elIsBI 1m: eTehIycMgayrvagreNþATaMgBIr KWminelIs 50s>m. beNþay nigTTwgEpñkxagelIRtUvFMCagEpñkxageRkam 10s>m nigRtUvEfmdIbEnßmCMuvij edIm,IkarBar TwkePøógcUlkñúgreNþA. taragxageRkambgðajBIB½tmanlMGiténRCugTaMgbIrbs;reNþAsMrab;brimaNpÞúk epSg²Kñarbs;L. edIm,IeFVICIEdlgayRsYleRbI nigmanfamBl reNþAkMb:usþRtUvbMeBj edaykak sMNl;ksikmμ rYmCamYysMNl;)anmkBIL.eyIgGacksagdMbUlRKbBIelIreNþA edIm,IeCosvag BnøWRBH GaTitü. dMbUlenHeyIgGacdaMBBYkbEnøvar. 5 kareRbIR)as;LCIv]s μ½n CIv]sμ ½nGacykeTAeRbIsMrab;eKaledA 3 ya:gKW³ • cMGinGahar • bMPøW • cak;ma:sIun c®gáanCIv]sμ ½nFmμtamYy sIu 350 eTA 400 lIRt énhaÁskñúgmYyema:g.eyIgGacniyaymüa:geTotfa lamkeKa 10KILÚ KWRKb;RKan;sMrab;begáIthaÁsrbs;c®gáanry³eBl 1 ema:g. cegáógCIv]sμ ½n sIutic CagBak;kNþalénc®gáan KW 150 eTA 175 lIRténhaÁs kñúgry³eBl 1ema:g. mYyxaM (Cum) én CIv]sμ ½nesI μnwg • Gus 5 KILÚ • FüÚg 1/6 KILÚ • kerosene0/75 lIRt

• LPG cMnYn0/45 KILÚ • famBlGKÁisnI 1/6-1/7 KILÚva:t;ema:g

Biogas


5>1 kareRbIR)as;c®gáanhÁassMrab;cMGin)ay³ haÁsEdl)anmkBILCIv]sμ ½nGacykmkeRbI)an. ]bkrN_ebIk GacTajhaÁs edayGaRs½yelIsMBaF enAkñúgL. enAkñúgc®gáanhaÁssMBaFbriyakasCaGñkeFVIeGaymandMeNIrkaredaykarEktMrUvRkvilEdl dak;enAcugbMBg;)aj;haÁsEdlmanRbehag2manGgát;p©it 8m>m. Rkvil nig]bkrN_ebIkhaÁs eyIg GacEktMrUveGayeRbI)anRsYl.

rUbPaBTI 8³ CIv]s μ ½nsMrab;cMGin)ay

5>2 kareRbIR)as;cegáógCIv]s μ½nsMrab;GucbMPøW ³ haÁsEdl)anmkBILCIv]sμ ½nGacykmkeRbIsMrab;bMPøWpgEdr. cegáogCIv]s μ ½nmaneRcInRbePT Edl GacTij)anenATIpSar. rbs;cinKWeKeRbIeRcInCageK. RbePTenHeKeRbICamYyf μBilsMrab;beBäaHva. eBl cuckugtak; vanwgeqH. vagayRsYleRbI. KYrykcitþTukdak;tMelIgvaeGayputBIédkUnek μg. cegáóg CIv]s½ μnrbs;cin sIuzamBl 150-175 lIRténhaÁs kñúgmYyema:g. karRtYtBinitüRtUveFVIeGay)an eTogTat;eTAelIk,albeBaäHva. maMgsug rWGMpUgrbs;vaRtUvdUrecj enAeBlvaEbk rWFøúHFøay.

rUbPaBTI 9³ cegáógCIv]s μ ½n

Biogas


32

5>3 dMeNIrkarm:asuIn vaminsMedAeTAelILCIv]sμ ½ntampÞHeT. 6 xñat niglkçN³TUeTAénLkñúgRsuk KMrULCIv]sμ ½n GGC )anEkERb KWTTYl)anCaR)ak;]btßmÖBIrdæaPi)alénRbeTsLav eRkamkmμviFI LCIv]sμ ½nKMrU. vaminmanTMhM nigKMnUsbøg;sagsg;NaepSgTTYlR)ak;eRkamkm μviFIenHeT. tamtarag bgðajBt’manRKwHxøH² EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgTMhMepSg²KñaénLCIv]sμ ½n Edl)anENnaMBIeBlmun. taragTI 9³ brimaNénlamkstVEdlRtUvkarRbcaMéf¶

TMhMLCIv]sμ ½n

kardak;vtßúFatu edImdMbUg (la mkeKa RkbI rW lamkRCUk)

vtßúFatuedIm lamk

dak;RbcaMéf¶ ¬K>Rk¦

TwklayCamYy lamk ¬lIRt¦

kareRbIcRgáan CIv]sμ ½n ¬em:ag¦

kareRbIGMBUl CIv]sμ ½n

¬em:ag¦

4 1500 20 - 40 20 - 40 3/5 - 4 8 - 10 6 2300 40 - 60 40 - 60 5/5 - 6 12 - 15 8 3000 60 - 80 60 - 80 7/5 - 8 16 - 20 10 3800 80 - 100 80 - 100 9/5 - 10 21 - 25

* cMNuHénLmann½yfa tMélsMNl;Edlrlay nigGagpÞúk]s μ ½n

** mFümPaKeBlevlaénkarrg 40éf¶ pÞHsEm,gRtUvmanlamkEdlGaceRbI)aneGayeRcInCagtMrUvkar nigbnÞab;mkTMhMLCIv]sμ ½nGacRtUv)an eRCIserIsedaykarvaytMélnUvmFümPaKénkareRbIR)as; ³ 0>33m3 kñúgmnusSmñak;kñúg1éf¶.

Biogas


taragTI 10³ karplit]s μ ½n TMhML ]s μ ½nbeBa©jRbcaMéf¶ ¬m3

¦ TMhMRKYsar (mnusS) 4m3 0/8 - 1/6 2 - 5 6 m3 1/6 - 2/4 5 - 7 8 m3 2/4 - 3/2 7 - 10 10 m3 3/2 - 4/0 10 - 12

sMKal; ³ sMNl; Edl)anmkBILCIv]sμ ½n EdleFVIehIymanRsab;enACitGacbEnßm RbsinebIGac ¬50-60K>Rk¦. 7 ]TahrN_karKNnaénLCIv]sμ½nkñúgRsuk edayeyageTAtamKMrU karpÁt;pÁg;CIvm:asGackMNt;EtmþgeTAelImUldæanRKwHénkareFVIsareBIP½NÐstV Bahn³. Tak;TgnwgTinñn½y faetIlamkb:un μanRtUv)anplitedayRbePTstVxus²Kña nigkñúgmYyTMgn;stV Edlrs;énRkumstVBahn³EdleKcg;)an. Tinñpllamk= TMgn;stVEdlrs; x cMnYnstV x brimaNCak;lak;énlamk Cajwkjab; brimaNCak;lak;énlamk)anpþl;Ca PaKry énTMgn;stVEdlrs;sMrab;1éf¶ enAkñúgTMrg;énCa duMEdlesIm cMnuHsarFaturwgsrub rwcMnuHrwgEdlehIr. TMgn;énvtßúFatuedImsMrab;ciBa©wmLRKb;RKan;sMrab;1éf¶ ¬w¦ nigedaysn μt;faplit]sμ ½ntageday ¬G¦ cUrKNnakarplit]sμ ½nsrub ¬Gt¦. karplit]sμ ½nsrub nwgmantMéles μ IeTAnigbrimaNEdlGacekIn edaytMélénkarplit]sμ ½n ¬Gt = W x G¦. tamtaragbgðajnUvtMélénkarplit]sμ ½nBIvtßúFatu srIragÁxus²Kña. RbsinebIplitpl]sμ ½nsrub RtUvEtmanbrimaNefrenAkñúgL edayeyageTAelIcMnYnsmaCikRKYsar enaH eKk¾GacKNnabrimaNlamkRtUvkar. edaysn μtfa CaFmμtaeKRtUvkar]sμ ½n 0/3-0/4m3 kñúg mYynak; kñúgmYyéf¶.

Biogas


34

7>1 karcat;lMdab;xñatL TMhMénLCIv]sμ ½nGaRs½yelIbrimaN KuNPaB nigRbePTCIvm:asGacrk)an nigGaRs½yelIsItuNðPaB sMrab;karkac;. TMhMénLkac;Fatu ¬dUm¦ kMNt;edaymaDLkac; (Vd) GaRs½ynwg karkMNt;ykezr evlarg (RT) nigbrimaNvtßúFatuedImsMrab;dak;bBa¢ÚlLRbcaMéf¶ (Sd).

Vd = Sd x RT ¬m3¼éf¶ x cMnYnéf¶) • vtßúFatuedImGaRs½yelI etImanTwkb:unμanEdl)anbEnßmeTAkñúgvtßúFatuenAkñúgkarerobcMedIm,IeGay

)anenA cMnuHrwg 4-8 °. vtßúFatuedImdak;cUl (Sd) = brimaNCIvm:as (B) + brimaNTwk (W) (m3¼éf¶) enAkñúgLCIv]sμ½nrbs;ksikrPaKeRcIn eKeFVIkarlaysMrab;lamk ¬eKaRkbI nig¼rWRCUk¦ nigTwkkñúgbrimaN 1³3 nig 2³1.

7>2 karKNnakarplit]sμ½nRbcaMéf¶ ¬G¦ cMnYnénCIv]sμ ½n)anplitkñúgéf¶nImYy² (G, m3 ]sμ ½n/éf¶) RtUv)anKNnaeTAelImUldæanRKwHénTinñpl ]sμ ½nBitR)akd (Gy) énvtßúFatu nigvtßúFatuedImdak;cUlRbcaMéf¶ (Sd) karKNnaGacEp¥kelImUldæanRKWH³ a./ cMnuHrwgEdlehIr

G = kg VS- input x spec. Gy (solids)

b./ TMgn;énduMEdlesIm G = kg biomass x spec. Gy (moist mass)

c./ tMélsþg;daTinñpl]sμ ½n kñúgmYyRkumstVBahn³ (LSU) G = no. of LSU x spec. Gy (species)

7>3 karerobcM)a:ra:Em:RteRKag kMritTMhMsuvtßiPaBEdlBitGacRtUv)anekIneLIgedaykarkMNt;)a:ra:Em:RteRKagmYycMnYndUcCA karplit ]sμ ½n (Gp) ]> tMélkarplit]sμ ½nRbcaMéf¶kñúg 1m3 brimaNkarrlay (Vd) nigbrimaNEdlpÞúk (Ld)

RtUv)anKNnaedayeyageTAtamsmIkardUcxageRkam ³ Gp = G : Vd (m³ gas / m³ Vd x d) Ld = TS (VS) input / m³ digester volume (kg TS (VS) / m³ Vd x d)

Biogas


7>4 TMhMLpÞúk]sμ½n TMhMLpÞúk]s μ ½n eday]bmamaDLpÞúk]sμ ½n (Vg) GaRs½yelItMélminERbRbYlénkarplit]sμ ½n nigkar eRbIR)as;]sμ ½n. LpÞúk]s μ ½nRtUvEterobcMy:agNa edIm,IGacpÁt;pÁgmaDtMrUvkareRbIR)as;x<s;bMput (Vg1)

nigGacsþúk]s μ ½nplit)ankMLúgeBlevlaEdlminmankareRbIR)as;ry³eBlEvgbMput (Vg2). Vg1 = gc, max x tc, max = vc, max Vg2 = G x tz, max

Gc, max = kareRbIR)as;]sμ ½nx<s;bMputRbcaMema:g Tc, max = ry³eBleRbIR)as;]sμ ½nx<s;bMput ¬em:ag¦

Vc, max = brimaNeRbIR)as;]sμ ½nx<s;bMput ¬m3¦

G = brimaNplit]sμ ½n ¬m3¼em:ag¦

Tz, max = kMLúgeBlevlaminmankareRbIR)as;EvgbMput ¬em:ag¦ tMélmaDLpÞúk]sμ ½n (Vg) kMNt;nUvTMhMLsþúk]sμ ½n. kMritRbhak;RbEhlbMrugsMrab;suvtßiPaB KYrEt bEnßm 10-20°. tambTBiesaFn_Cak;Esþgbgðajfa 40-60° énkarplit]s μ ½nRbcaMéf¶ RtUvEtman sþúkenAkñúgL. maDLkac;smamaRtpÞúyeTAnwgmaDsþúk]sμ ½n (Digester volume vs. gasholder vol-

ume) (Vd : Vg-ratio).

7>5 ]TahrN_ RKYsarmYymanRCUk 12k,al. etImaDLRtUvmanTMhMb:unμansMrab;RCUkTaMg 12k,alenH? cMelIy³ edayeyIg)andwgfa lamkRCUkplit)anmanTMgn; 2-4K>Rk¼éf¶. karKNnaKW 12RCUk x 4K>Rk¼éf¶ = 24K>Rk¼éf¶ dUecñHTMhML KWRbEhlTMhM 6m3.

Biogas


36

8 Éksareyag Bastioli, C.; Cerutti, A.; Guanella, I.; Romano, G.C.; Tosin, M. (1995): Physical State and

Behaviour of Starch-Caprolactone Systems. Journal of Environmental Polymer Degra-dation, 3 (2), pp. 81-95.

Bidlingmaier, W. (2000): Biologische Abfallverwertung. 1st Edn. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart, Germany.

EPA (2002): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. http://www.epa.gov

Yagi, T.; Irimajiri, T. (1997): Studies on Degradation of Polylactic Acid in Compost. Proc. of the International Conference on Organic Recovery and Biological Treatment into the Next Millennium ORBIT, Harrogate, UK. E.I. Stentiford (Ed.) Leeds, UK pp. 127-130.

Ghimire, Prakash C, Handbook for Domestic Biogas Construction, Vientiane, 2002

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EIE-06-256 REEPRO

karpSBVpSayBIRbsiT§PaB

énkareRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlkekIteLIgvij enAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn _

c®gáanr:uEkt ¬emeronsMrab;bNþúHbNþalvKÁ 2¦

GñkniBn§ Sengratry Kythavone

saklviTüal½yCatiLav

mkra 2009

Rocket Stove


matika

1> esckþIENnaMcRgáanru:Ekt ----------------------------------------------- 5

1>1 GVIeTACac®gáanr:uEkt ------------------------------------------------- 6

1>2 viFIcMGinGahartamEbbTMenomTMlab;buraN -------------------------------- 6

2> eKalkarN_temøIgc®gáanr:uEkt ------------------------------------------- 7

3> vtßúFatuedImsMrab;temøIgc®gáanru:Ekt --------------------------------------- 9

4> karerobcMeFVInigdutdMu\dæ ------------------------------------------------ 9

4>1 smamaRténkarlayvtßúFatuedImeFIV\dæ ----------------------------------- 9

4>1>1 kMTicGacm_rNa nig dI\dæ ¬b¤dIdMbUk¦ ----------------------------------10

4>1>2 lMhat;------------------------------------------------------- 13

4>1>3 lMhat;sMrab;c®gáanr:uEkt-------------------------------------------14

4>2 TMhMduM\dæ --------------------------------------------------------16

5> kartmøIgc®gáan ---------------------------------------------------- 17

5>1 karerobcMbnÞHEdkeRKag ---------------------------------------------18

5>2 EdkGkSrG‘uy-----------------------------------------------------18

5>3 RsTab;TI1énkMNl;duM\dæ --------------------------------------------19

5>4 RsTab;TI2énkMNl;duM\dæ ---------------------------------------------20

5>5 RsTab;cugeRkayénkMNl;\dæ -----------------------------------------20

5>6 rnæLcMehH ------------------------------------------------------ 21

5>7 karbMeBjcenøaHrn§kñúgeRKagEdkedayRsTab;GuIsULg; ----------------------- 21

5>8 cak;bMeBj)ayGrEpñkxagelIRsTab;GuIsULg;[esμInwgkMBs;RsTab;duM\dæ EpñkxagelI - 21

5>9 dak;bMBg;EdkeTAkñúgcenøaHEpñkxageRkaméntYc®gáan------------------------- 22

5>10 karbBa©b;karsagsg;c®gáanr:uEkt ------------------------------------ 22

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

6> vtßúFatuedImcMehHsMrab;c®gáanr:uEkt -------------------------------------- 23

7> KuNsm,tþi --------------------------------------------------------24

7>1 snSMsMécGus-----------------------------------------------------24

7>2 kareRbIR)as;manEpSgtic --------------------------------------------24

7>3 gay®sYlkñúgkareRbIR)as; -------------------------------------------24

7>4 tMélsmrmü -----------------------------------------------------24

7>5 mansuvtßiPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as; -----------------------------------------24

8> Éksareyag ------------------------------------------------------25

Rocket Stove


bBa¢IrUbPaB rUbTI 1 cRgáanru:EktEkécñedayRkumnisSitsaklviTüal½yCatiLav ------------------- 6

rUbTI 2 c®gáankMNl;f μ3duM ------------------------------------------------ 7

rUbTI 3 KMnUseRBogénc®gáanr:uEkt------------------------------------------- 8

rUbTI 4 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVIduM\dæ ¬ Twk dI\dæ Gacm_rNa¦ -------------------------10

rUbTI 5 karbMEbkdI\dæ ¬b¤dIdMbUk¦ ------------------------------------------10

rUbTI 6 karErgdI\dæEdlbMEbkehIy --------------------------------------- 11

rUbTI 7 karlaydI\dæ CamYynwgkMeTcGacm_rNa ------------------------------ 11

rUbTI 8 cak;TwkeTAkñúgl,ay dI\dæ nigkMeTcGacm_rNa -------------------------- 11

rUbTI 9 layRcbl;l,ayedayRc)ac;eGaycUlKñaCasac;mYy -------------------- 12

rUbTI 10 cak;l,ayPk;eTAkñúgBum<eQI -------------------------------------- 12

rUbTI 11 duM\dæEdlmanRCugbBaäit2RCug nigRCugbBaäit1RCug ---------------------- 12

rUbTI 12 kardut\dæenAsItuNðPaB 1000 GgSaesnigkarrYmmaDén\dæ -------------- 13

rUbTI 13 \dæEvgcMnYn6duM \dæxøIcMnYn5duM ------------------------------------16

rUbTI 14 TMhM\dæedIm nigkartMerob -----------------------------------------16

rUbTI 15 karkMNt;TMhM\dæedayRkumsaklviTüal½yCatiLav TMhM\dæ nigragerArbs;duM\dæ- 17

rUbTI 16 bnÞHeRKagEdk -------------------------------------------------18

rUbTI 17³ EdkGkSrG‘uypáab; ---------------------------------------------19

rUbTI 18³ RsTab;TI1énRsTab;\dæ -----------------------------------------19

rUbTI 19³ RsTab;TI2énRsTab;\dæ -----------------------------------------20

rUbTI 20³ RsTab;cugeRkayénkMNl;\dæ nigtYLcMehH---------------------------20

rUbTI 21³ rn§cMehHenAEpñkxagkñúgénbnÞHeRKagEdk ---------------------------- 21

rUbTI 22³ bnÞHeRKagEdkbMeBjedayRsTab;GuIsULg; --------------------------- 21

rUbTI 23³ cak;bMeBj)ayGrrhUtesμIkMBs;RsTab;duM\dæ éntYLcMehH---------------- 21

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 24³ dak;bMBg;EdkeTAkñúgcenøaHdak;Gus --------------------------------- 22

rUbTI 25³ karbBa©b;karsagsg;c®gáanr:uEkt---------------------------------- 22

rUbTI 26 CIvma:ssMrab;dutkñúgcRgáanru:ekt ----------------------------------- 23

Rocket Stove


1> esckþIENnaMcRgáanru:Ekt c®gáanr:uEkt KWCaRbePTc®gáanEkécñeRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlCIvm:as. lkçN³Biessénc®gáan ru:Ekt KWkarkat;bnßybrimaNénkareRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlCIvm:as nigCMruj[manPaBRbesIr eLIgelIlkçxNÐénkarrs;enAsMrab;RbCaCneRbIR)as;c®gáanGus EkERbBITMlab;samBaØ eday eRbIf μkMNl; 3 dMueFIVcRgáan mkeRbIc®gáanr:uEktvij. lkçN³sm,tþiBiessrbs;c®gáanr:uEkt KWkarkat;bnßykarcMNay pþl;RbeyaCn_dl;sgÁm nigbrisßan. c®gáanenHCYysnSMsMéceBl evla nigfvika sMrab;GñkeRbIR)as;. enAtamTIRbCuMCn RbCaCnTij\nÞn³CIvm:as GaceRCIserIs eRbIc®gáanr:uEktman KuNPaB GaceRbIeBlevlaxøICagmunkñúgkardaMsø nigGacsnSMsMécR)ak;elIkar cMNayelIRbPBfamBl. cMeBaHenAtamTICnbT c®gáanEdlmanRbsiT§PaBx<s; Gackat;bnßy eBlevlasMrab;rkGus GacykeBlevlaEfTaMkUnecA nigRbkbGaCIvkmμepSg² edIm,IbegáIncMNUl. karEklMGrbec©kviC¢ac®gáanfamBlCIv³m:aseGaymanRbsiT§PaBCagmun ®tUv)aneFVIkarGPivDÆn_ tamry³kareFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvRbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;famBl tamlMenAsßan.

c®gáanEklMGrrYceRkayeKenHmanRbsiT§PaBRbesIrCagmunCamFümdl;eTA 30°. ehIyebI eRbobeFobeTAnwgRbePTc®gáankMNl;fμ3duM ¬ebIkcMh¦ EdlCakareRbIR)as;tamTMlab;knøgmk manRbsiT§PaBCagdl;eTAkMrit 15>6° kñúgkarBiesaFn_daMTwk.

eKalbMNgcMbgkñúgkarGPivDÆn_c®gáandutGus KWKiteTAelIRbsiT§PaBcMehHGusenAkñúgL nig karRbmUlpþúMkMedAsMrab;cMGinGahar)andl;kMritGtibrima.

karEklMGrc®gáansMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúglMenAsßan GacCYyGñkeRbIR)as;GacsnSMsMécGusBI 50° eTA 60° eFobnwgc®gáankMNl;fμ 3 duM. karEkéqñc®gáanru:EktelIkenH eyIgBüayameRbIvtúßu FatuedImmankñúg®suk dUcCadI\dæ nigGgáam EdlCasmasFatumankarcmøgkMedAticbMput.

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

c®gáanEdlmanRbsiT§PaBx<s; kalNafamBlkMedARtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;cMGinGahary:agtic bMput 90 PaKry . mann½yfakarkarBarkar)at;bg;kMedACuMvijLcMehH nigkarbBa¢ÚnGNþatePøIg

mandMeNIreTA)anl¥.

1>1 GVIeTACac®gáanr:uEkt c®gáanr:uEkt KWCac®gáancMGinGaharEdlsamBaØ sg;eLIgBIvtßúFatuedImmanRsab;kñúgmUldæan. lkçN³Biessrbs;c®gáanKWkarcMNayticenAeBleRbIR)as; maneQμaHc®gáanr:uEkt edaysarva manRTg;RTayCabMBg;bBaÄr ehIyral;EpñknimYy²P¢ab;KñaTaMgGs;. c®gáanr:uEktGaceRbIsMrab; kMedA kñúgpÞH cMGinGahar ehIyGacykeTAtameRbIR)as;enAkEnøge)aHCMrMudak; enAeRkApÞH cMGinGahar RKb;RbePTenATIval)anRsYl.

rUbTI 1 cRgáanru:EktEkécñedayRkumnisSitsaklviTüal½yCatiLav

1>2 viFIcMGinGahartamEbbTMenomTMlab;buraN

eRbIc®gáanr:uEktminnaMeGaybMBulbrisßan. ebIeyIgeRbIc®gáanCIkdI sMrab;kMedApÞH b¤cMGinGahar KuNPaBxül;kñúgpÞHnwgmanPaBGab;GYr. RbPBfamBlCIv³m:asnwgbeBa©j]sμ½nbMBuly:ag eRcIn. karbMBulkñúgpÞHedayeRbIc®gáanCIkreNþAtamEbbburaN ehAfabMBulbrisßanxagkñúg PasaGg;eKøsmann½yfa indoor environment.

Rocket Stove


cMNuc®BYy)armÖepSgeTotKWRbsiT§PaBfamBlkMedA. kareRbIc®gáanCIkreNþAduttamEbb TMenomTMlab;buraN karbBa¢ÜnkMedAsMrab;eRbIR)as;minmanRbsiT§PaBx<s;eT.

famBlkMedAEdl)anmkBIcMehHGus vamankar)at;bg;eTAbriyakasCuMvijeRcInCagkMedA Edl)an sMrab;cMGinGahar. karKμanRbsiT§PaBénkarbBa©ÜnkMedA tMrUv[eRbIbrimaNGusy:ageRcIn Edl GusTaMgenaH)anmkBIkar kab;RbmUlBIbrisßanCuMvij EdlCamUlehtueFVI [xUcbrisßan. regIkGussl;BIkarduttamEbbTMenomTMlab;buraN KWGaceFVIeGaymaneRKaHfñak;dl;kumar eRBaH c®gáancMhsßitenAelIdI kñúglMenAsßan GacbNþal[kumarFøak;cUleTAkñúgc®gáan)an.

rUbTI 2 c®gáankMNl;f μ3duM

2> eKalkarN_temøIgc®gáanr:uEkt k> c®gáanr:uEktl¥ KWGac[xül;eFVIcracrN_l¥. mann½yfaCasar³sMxan;rbs;c®gáanr:uEkt KWxül; qøgkat;cRgáanenAeBldutRbRBwtþeTA)anl¥. bMBg;EpSg rn§GNþatePøIgqøgkat; nigRTnab;cRgáan EdkCuMvij®tUvsßitenAelIbøg;EkgdUcEtmYy. x> GuksuIEsnmantYnaTIRTRTg;cMehH mann½yfaedIm,IeGayGNþatePøIgminrlt; enAeBlcRgáan kMBugEteRbIRtUvmanxül;qøgkat;Canic©. dUcenHenARtg;kEnøgdak;GusRtUveFIVTMrEdkmYyragGkSr G‘uypáab; ehIyenATMrragGuyenaHmanecaHrn§CaeRcIn GaceGayxül;qøgkat;sMrab;RTRTg;cMehH.

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

K> rn§EpSg®tUvEk[tUc enACab;pÞal;nwg)atqñaMg sMrab;]sμ½nekþAGacPayqøgkat;b:³qñaMg)an l¥ehIymü:ageTot KWedIm,IeGay]sμ½nekþAGaceFVIcracrN_qøgkat;RbB½n§)anelÓn. X> edIm,ITb;sáat;kar)at;bg;kMedAEdlPayecjBItYL CBa¢aMgCMuvijtYLcMehH®tUvEtmankMritcMlg

kMedAy:agticbMput.

rUbTI 3 KMnUseRBogénc®gáanr:uEkt

EpSgnigGNþatePøIgrt;RsbKñaeLIgeTAelI

GuseQIkMBugeqH)anl¥edaysar manxüs;qøgkat;

rn§sMrab;s‘kGus

pøÚvsMrab;xül;rt;cUl TMrGkSrG‘uypáab;

xül;)aj;cUlCamnþbnÞab; edayvaeqHGs;

Rocket Stove


3> vtßúFatuedImsMrab;temøIgc®gáanru:Ekt taragxageRkambgðajBIvtßúFatuedIm ¬b¤sMPar³¦ sMrab;temøIgc®gáanr:uEkt taragTI1³ tMrUvkarsMPar³sMrab;karsagsg;c®gáanr:uEkt l>r sMPar³ CMerIsepSg² brimaN 1 dI\dæ dIdMbUk 10 KILÚRkam 2 kMeTcrNa kMeTcGgáamtUc b¤kMeTcesμA

s¶Üt ciRBa¢aMg 6 KILÚRkam

3 Twk - 13 lIRt 4 suIm:g; dI\dæ 1 KILÚRkam 5 xSac; - 0>500 KILÚRkam

6 Edksnøwk ¬bnÞHEdkkin¦ kMb:ugeRbg¬20 lIRt¦ b¤ bnÞ³EdksnøwkkMras;0>3mm

1bnÞ³ manbeNþay 1>2m nig TTwg0>38m

7 epHGgáam - 5 KILÚRkam 8 Edksrés - 3 kg; manTMhM0>05 EmRt

nig RbEvg 0>40 EmRt 4> karerobcMeFVInigdutdMu\dæ \dæ®tUv)anEkERbedayRkumkargarnisSitsaklviTüal½yCatiLav EdleRbIBumÖGacEktMrUvtam xñat)an. kareFVI\dævamanPaBgay®sYl eRBaHeyIgmanBum<maneRKagmaM manxñatmYyCaeKal. kareFVI\dæ®tUv[manxñatdUcCa ¬TMhMb:unKña TaMgTTwg beNþay nigkMBs;¦ manEtbeNþay\dæduM xagelIeTEdlmanRbEvgxuseK dUcbgðajkñúgrUbTI13. 4>1 smamaRténkarlayvtßúFatuedImeFIV\dæ vtßúFatuedIm nigkarkMNt;smamaRtlay sMrab;eFVIduM\dæeGaymanTMgn;Rsal dUcbgðaj xag eRkamenH

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

• dI\dæ 900 Rkam • kMeTcrNa 500 Rkam • Twk 1>2 lIRt

rUbTI 4 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVIduM\dæ ¬ Twk dI\dæ Gacm_rNa¦ dMNak;kalénkareFVIGa®s½yelIkarpSMvtßúFatuedImdUcerobrab;xageRkam³ 4>1>1 kMTicGacm_rNa nig dI\dæ ¬b¤dIdMbUk¦ vaybMEbkdI\dæ ¬b¤dIdMbUk¦ [EbkCaRKab;tUc² ehIyErgnwgkERBa¢gEdlmanrn§TMhM 4mIlIEmRt.

rUbTI 5 karbMEbkdI\dæ ¬b¤dIdMbUk¦

Rocket Stove


rUbTI 6 karErgdI\dæEdlbMEbkehIy

• eRbIkERBa¢gErgdI\dæ b¤dIdMbUkyk Gacm_rNaykEtRKab;l¥it. • laykMeTcGacm_rNa nigdI\dæ ¬b¤dIdMbUk¦ EdlErgrYckñúgsmamaRtdUcbBa¢ak;xagelI.

rUbTI 7 karlaydI\dæ CamYynwgkMeTcGacm_rNa

• EfmTwkmþgbnþic² eTAkñúgl,ayxagelI ehIysUnvaCaduM.

rUbTI 8 cak;TwkeTAkñúgl,ay dI\dæ nigkMeTcGacm_rNa

• layRcbl;l,ayedayeRbIéd

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

rUbTI 9 layRcbl;l,ayedayRc)ac;eGaycUlKñaCasac;mYy

• cak;l,aycUleTAkñúgBum<eQW

rUbTI 10 cak;l,ayPk;eTAkñúgBum<eQI

rUbTI 11 duM\dæEdlmanRCugbBaäit2RCug nigRCugbBaäit1RCug

Rocket Stove


duM\dæ®tUvdutenAsItuNðPaB 1000 GgSaes. dg;suIetCamFümén\dædutehIyKW 0>6 Rkam kñúgmYysg;TIEm:Rtkaer: vaGacGENþtelITwk)an.

rUbTI 12 kardut\dæenAsItuNðPaB 1000 GgSaesnigkarrYmmaDén\dæ

4>1>2 lMhat;

KNnarkbrimaNdI\dæ kMeTcGacm_rNa EdlGñk®tUvkarsMrab;eFVI\dæ 5dMu 10dMu 25dMu nig40duM. edayeyIgdwgfa\dæ1duM ®tUvkardI\dæ900Rkam Gacm_rNa 500Rkam nigTwk1>21 lIRt.

dI\dæ kMeTcrNa Twk 1duM 900 Rk 500 Rk 1>2 l 5duM 10duM 25duM 40duM

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

4>1>3 lMhat;sMrab;c®gáanr:uEkt rUbmnþsMrab;KNnaRbsiT§PaBkMedArbs;c®gáan ¬karBiesaFn_tamry³daMTwk[BuH¦.

rUbmnþ ¬1¦ x100(LHV)m

)T(TCmfuelwood ofHeat

heat UsefulηFF

iBPWW⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ −==

η RbsiT§PaBkMedA ¬°¦ m m:as;Twk kñúgmYy KILÚRkam Cpw brimaNkMedATwk ¬KILÚs‘Ul kñúgmYyKILÚRkam kñúgmYyGgSares¦ Cpw = 4187 KILÚs‘Ul kñúgmYy KILÚRkam kñúgmYyGgSares TB sItuNðPaBTwkBuH eRkamsMBaFbriyakas ¬GgSares¦ TB 100 GgSares ¬cMNucsItuNðPaBTwkBuHeRkamsMBaFbriyakas¦ Ti sItuNðPaBéncMNuccab;epþIm ¬GgSares¦ mf m:as;rbs;famBlEdleRbIsMrab;cRgáan ¬KILÚRkam¦ LHV tMélkMedAEdlTabbMputénfamBl ¬KILÚs‘UlkñúgmYyKILÚRkam¦

Useful Heat kMedA)ankar Heat of Fuelwood kMedAsrubénGusKitCaKILÚRkam rUbmnþenHeyIgkMNt;edayminrYmbBa©Úlm:asTwkEdlPayeT eRBaHbnÞab;BIdaMTwkBuHmYyEPøteyIg bBaÄb;Pøam. dg;sIuetTwkKW 1000 KILÚRkam kñúgmYy m3 ¬1 KILÚRkamTwk = 1lIRt¦ tMélkMedAEdlTabénGus KW 15000 KILÚs‘Ul kñúgmYyKILÚRkam

• kMedA)ankar KWCakMedAEdl)anmkBIkardutGus bBa¢ÚneTAeGayTwkkñúgqñaMgBuH • kMedAsrubénGus KWCatMélEdlbeBa©jedaykarcMehHGusTaMgGs;.

Rocket Stove


]TahrN_ eRbIc®gáanr:uEktsMrab;daMTwkenAkñúgsMBaFbriyakas ehIym:as;rbs;TwkKW10lIRt. bMErbMrYlsItuNðPaBénTwkRbEhl 25 GgSaes. KNnaRbsiT§PaBkMedArbs;c®gáan? GuseRbI sMrab;dutmanRbEhl 0>65KILÚRkam ehIymancMehHtMélTabbMputRbEhl15000 KILÚs‘Ul kñúgmYyKILÚRkam.

dMeNaHRsay³

sm μtikm μ KNna mv = 10 liters = 107Kg η = ? CPW = 4.187 KJ/KgoC TB = 100oC at p = 1.01325 bar Ti = 25oC mF = 0.65Kg (LHV)F = 15,000KJ/Kg

tamrUbmnþ ¬1¦ eyIg)an³ ( )

( ) 100XLHVm

TTCm

FF

iBPWW⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ −=

( ) %2.32100*/000,15*65.0

25100*/187.4*10=⎥

⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡ −=

KgKJKgCCCKgKJKg ooo

η

lMhat;1³ cRgáanr:uektmYymanRbsiT§PaBkMedA η = 35% eRbIEMmkeQIsMrab;dutdaMTwk7lIRt eRkamsMBaFbriyakasFmμta nigmansItuNðPaB 25GgSaes. tMélkMedAEdlTabbMputén famBl 13500 kJ/kg. cUrKNnabrimaNEmkeQIEdlykmkdut. cemøIy = 0>35 KILÚRkam lMhat;2³ RbsinebIeyIgeRbIGusdutkñúglMhat;TI1 elIkElgEtRbsiT§PaBc®gáan. cUrKNna brimaNGusEmkeQI? RbsinebIRbsiT§PaBc®gáanKW RbEhl 16°. cemøIy = 1>1 KILÚRkam

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

4>2 TMhMduM\dæ TMhM\dæedImmandUcbgðajkñúgrUbxageRkam³ TMhMénduM\dæRsal

rUbTI 13 \dæEvgcMnYn6duM \dæxøIcMnYn5duM

rUbTI 14 TMhM\dæedIm nigkartMerob eKalkarN_énc®gáanr:uEkt KWmanRsTab;EdlmankarcMlgkMedAtictYcbMputenACuMvijLcMehH. dUecñHehIyeTIbc®gáanr:UEktEdlerobcMeLIgeday®kumnisSitsaklviTüal½yCatiLav Edlman GkSrkat;fa NUoL KWsagsg;edaykartMerobBI\dæRsalbBaäitmçagcMnYn2duM nig \dæRsalbBaäit enAsgxagcMnYn9duM. TMhM\dæTaMgenaH bgðajkñúgrUbTI13CaTMhM\dæmundut.

Rocket Stove


rUbTI 15 karkMNt;TMhM\dæedayRkumsaklviTüal½yCatiLav TMhM\dæ nigragerArbs;duM\dæ 5> kartmøIgc®gáan \dæ®tUv)antMerobKgelIKñadUcrUbxageRkamrUbTI18. vamankMBs; 30s>m nigTMhMrbs;LcMehH KW 10 s>m x 10s>m. bnÞab;mkBt;EdksnøwkCargVg; EdlmanrgVas;RbEhlcMNuH 30lIRt sMrab;tMerobduM\dæxagkñúg EdlCaRsTab;GuIsULg; ¬rYcpSMBIkardutGgáam/ RKab;®sUv/ dI\dæ nigTwk¦ nigcak;l,ay suIm:g;bMeBjrn§rhUtesμIkMBs;RsTab;\dæxagelI ehIyTukva[s¶Üt. eTaHCay:ag Namin ®tUveFVI[l,ayraveBk.

23cm

6.5cm 23cm

11.5 cm

10cm

RsTab;TI1 9duM ¬\dæbBaäwtTaMgsgxag¦

2duM¬\dæbBaäitmçag¦

RsTab;bnÞab;

Bum<ragRb‘ÍsEdlGacdkecj)an

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

5>1 karerobcMbnÞHEdkeRKag Bt;bnÞHEdksnøwkragrgVg; nigecaHrn§dak;GuscMkNþalxageRkam énbnÞHeRKagEdk ¬TMhM 12 s>m x10s>m¦ nigecaHrn§EpñkxagelIsMrab;s‘kEdksrés3edImsMrab;CakMNl;c®gáan.

rUbTI 16 bnÞHeRKagEdk

5>2 EdkGkSrG‘uy bMBg;EdkG‘uysMrab;s‘kbBa©Úlkñúgrn§dak;Gus ecaHeGaymanrn§tUc². eBlskEdkenaHcUl cRgáanRtUvdak;CaGkSG‘uypáab;. enAxagelIénEdkG‘uyenHsMrab;dak;GuseBldut nigrn§xag eRkamrbs;EdkCapøÚvxül;cUl.

12 cm

10 cm

31.2 cm

Rocket Stove


rUbTI 17³ EdkGkSrG‘uypáab;

5>3 RsTab;TI1énkMNl;duM\dæ

rUbTI 18³ RsTab;TI1énRsTab;\dæ

26 cm

10 cm

14 cm

3 cm

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

5>4 RsTab;TI2énkMNl;duM\dæ

rUbTI 19³ RsTab;TI2énRsTab;\dæ

5>5 RsTab;cugeRkayénkMNl;\dæ

rUbTI 20³ RsTab;cugeRkayénkMNl;\dæ nigtYLcMehH

10 cm

10 cm

Rocket Stove


5>6 rnæLcMehH

rUbTI 21³ rn§cMehHenAEpñkxagkñúgénbnÞHeRKagEdk

5>7 karbMeBjcenøaHrn§kñúgeRKagEdkedayRsTab;GuIsULg;

rUbTI 22³ bnÞHeRKagEdkbMeBjedayRsTab;GuIsULg;

5>8 cak;bMeBj)ayGrEpñkxagelIRsTab;GuIsULg;[esμInwgkMBs;RsTab;duM\dæ EpñkxagelI

rUbTI 23³ cak;bMeBj)ayGrrhUtes μ IkMBs;RsTab;duM\dæ éntYLcMehH

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

5>9 dak;bMBg;EdkeTAkñúgcenøaHEpñkxageRkaméntYc®gáan

bMBg;EdkG‘uysMrab;dak;GusxagelI nigrn§xageRkamsMrab;[xül;cltqøgkat;tYLcMehH.

rUbTI 24³ dak;bMBg;EdkeTAkñúgcenøaHdak;Gus 5>10 karbBa©b;karsagsg;c®gáanr:uEkt EdksréscMnYn3edIm ®tUvs‘kcUlkñúgrn§énbnÞHeRKagEdk KgelIépÞxagelIéntYLcMehH EdlmankMras;RbEhl12m>m sMrab;EpSghuyecj.

rUbTI 25³ karbBa©b;karsagsg;c®gáanr:uEkt

30 cm

Fugc®gáan

Rocket Stove


ktþasMxan;énkareFVI[RbesIreLIgénRbsiT§PaBcMehHénc®gáanr:uEkt KW®tUveFVI[RbesIreLIgnUv karbBa©ÜnkMedABIcMehHeTAkan;)atqñaMg. cMNucsMxan;bMputenaHKWxül;ekþA b¤]sμ½nEdlPayecjBI cMehH®tUvEtb:HRbsBVépÞ)atqñaMg. enHKWCacMENkcUlrYménbnÞHeRKagEdkEpñkxagelI EdleFVI eGay manRbelaHtUc sMrab;xül;nig]sμ½nqøgkat;b:H)atqñaMg nigEKmCMuvijqñaMg. karbBa¢ÚnkMedA GacekIneLIgedayeRbIqñaMgEdlFM. karbegáInel,Ónxül;ekþAeGayqøgkat;CMuvij)atqñaMg Gac CYyCuMrujkar bBa¢ÚnkMedA)anl¥.

6> vtßúFatuedImcMehHsMrab;c®gáanr:uEkt kareRbobeFobCamYyc®gáanebIkcMhr EdlmanenAeRbIR)as;CaeRcInkEnøgenAelIBiPBelak ¬dUcCaRbePTc®gáankMNl;fμI3duM b¤c®gáanCIkdI¦ kareRbIR)as;vaGacsnSMsMécGus)anBak;kNþal nig manEpSgtic. CagenHeTAeTot KWkarsikSabøg;c®gáantMrUv[GaceRbIR)as;GusxøI² EdlCa lkçN³Biess GaceRbICamYyEmkeQWtUc²)an. CaBiessCagenHeTAeToteRbIeBlxøI nigkat; bnßykarkab;bMpøajéRBeQW.

rUbTI 26 CIvma:ssMrab;dutkñúgcRgáanru:ekt

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

7> KuNsm,tþi 7>1 snSMsMécGus c®gáan)anBiesaFn_sakl,gbBa¢ak;fa mankarkat;bnßyelItMrUvkareRbIR)as;GusCamYy RbsiT§PaB mFümRbEhl30° ebIeFobnwgc®gáankMNl;duMfμ RbEhl15>6°. enH)anesckþIfakarEklMG c®gáan GñkGacTTYl)anfamBleTVmYYyCaBIr edaykarepÞrfamBlBIGuseTAqñaMg)anl¥.

7>2 kareRbIR)as;manEpSgtic

c®gáanbMPayEpSgticbMputkñúgeBleRbIR)as;. karPayEpSgeRcInbnþicenAeBlcab;epþImeRbI edayePøIgminTan;eqHsBVl¥. 7>3 gay®sYlkñúgkareRbIR)as; ePøIgkñúgc®gáaneqHCanic© RbsinebIbnþdak;GusCab;. min®tUvkarCYypøúMxül;edIm,IbeBaäHGNþat ePøIg dUcc®gáankMNl;fμ3duMeT eRBaHxül;®tUvbk;cUlkñúgLcMehHedaysV½yRbvtþi. 7>4 tMélsmrmü c®gáansagsg;BIvtßúFatuedImtammUldæandUcCa dIdMbUk/ xSac;sMrab;sagsg;tYc®gáan rIÉkMeTc rNa Ggáam.l. GaceRbICaRsTab;GuIsULg;karBartMedA.

7>5 mansuvtßiPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as; c®gáanGaceRbIR)as;edaysuvtßiPaBtamlMenAdæan. kardutGusCaRbPBénkarbMBul eTaHCa minxøaMgkþI. tYc®gáanbit)aMgGNþatePøIgmin[b:HeTAdl;kumar nigGñkeRbIR)as;.

7>6 mitþsMlaj;brisßan c®gáaneRbIR)as;GustictYcCYykat;bnßykarkab;éRBeQW. c®gáanbMPayFatuBultictYceRBaH eBleRbIR)as;esÞIrEtKμanEpSghuyedaykarsnμt;xül;EdlcUleTAkñúgtYLcMehH manGRta cMehH sBVl¥.

Rocket Stove


8> Éksareyag 1. Available online: http://www.bioenergylists.org/en/designprinciples

2. Winiarski, Larry: The Institutional Rocket Stove. Cooking with less fuel: Breathing

with less smoke. Available online:

www.crest.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/apro/Institutional_Rocket.pdf

3. Scott Peter (2005): Stove Design and Performance Testing Workshop. Available

online: www.who.int/indoorair/interventions/kampala41.pdf

Other useful Contact Sites

http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/Smith/Primer/Primer.html

http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups

4. Making light weight refractory ceramic from perlite and clay. Available online:

http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/Ogle/Clay/MAKING LIGHT

WEIGHT REFRACTORY CERAMIC.pdf

5. Rocket Stoves -Controlling Draft. Available online:

http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/Ogle/DOStovetest.html

http://faculty.washington.edu/~yark/stoves.html

www.aprovecho.org

Rocket Stove


EIE-06-256 REEPRO

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