PRATIBHA733-736

--Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 -¢Ë’ 2013 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Spoken English - §ƒ-ûª - ¢√u≤ƒ-© éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ßª’ç-úÕ... www.eenadupratibha.net [email protected] your comments and suggestions to

I will come within an hourArsheen, Amreen, Afreen, Nirmal

Q: The one prestigious awards have since come into so, much badodour thanks to lobbying and arbitrariness that today thePadma (an award) recognition has lost some of the lustre thataccompanied in the earlier years of the republic - Please trans-late into Telugu.

A: äéπ-°æ¤púø’ [the once, (one é¬ü¿’) ] v°æA-≥ƒe-ûªtéπçí¬ Ö†o '°æü¿t— °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√©’, äéπ °æü¿l¥A Åçô÷ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Æœ§∂ƒ-®Ω-Ææ’©-ûÓ v°æüΔ†ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-®ΩØË èπ◊∞¡Ÿx-éπç°æ¤ ´©x, ¶μ«®Ωû˝ J°æ-Gxé˙ Å -́ûª-Jç-*† ûÌL ®ÓV™x Ö†o ¨¶μº†’ éÓ™p-ßª÷®· ÅN. (The once = äéπ-°æpöÀ; prestigious = v°æA-≥ƒe-ûªtéπ¢Á’i†, badodour = îÁúø’ ¢√Ææ†/ èπ◊∞¡Ÿx-éπç°æ¤ (bad odour ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô é¬ü¿’, foulodour ÅE Åçö«ç. lobbying = äéπ-JéÀ ´’ü¿lûª’ éÓÆæç Æœ§∂ƒ-®ΩÆæ’ îËßª’úøç,recognition = í∫’Jhç°æ¤ – Ééπ\úø °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç; lustre = shining,accompanied = éπLÆœ ¢Á∞¡xúøç.)

Q: To some extent - say in Telugu.A: éÌçûª ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊

K. Srikrishna Kumar, Bapatla.Q: When will you eat are you not hungry. ÉC 10th Class Public

Examinations ™ -Å-úÕí¬®Ω’. DE™ error áéπ\úø ÖçüÓ N´Jç-îª-ç-úÕ.A: ÉC, grammar èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈, punctuation èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† v°æ¨¡oí¬ ÅEp-

≤ÚhçC, È®çúø’ sentences™ errors àç ™‰́ ¤ é¬•öÀd.'When will you eat? Are you not hungry?' - ÉC correct.

Sagar: Does your sister sing? (O’ îÁ™„x©’§ƒúø’ûª’çüΔ?)

Peter: Yes, she does, mostly for movies.(§ƒúø’-ûª’çC. áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÆœE-´÷-©èπ◊.)

Sagar: What about your cousin? (O’ cousinÆæçí∫-ûËçöÀ?)

Peter: She does too, but not for movies. Shedoes concerts. (Ç¢Á’ èπÿú≈ §ƒúø’-ûª’çC. é¬FÆœE-´÷-©èπ◊ é¬ü¿’. Ç¢Á’ éπîË-K©’ îËÆæ’hçC.)

Sagar: Do they act too? (¢√∞¡Ÿx †öÀ-≤ƒh®Ω’èπÿú≈Ø√?)

Peter: Neither does. They are averse to per-forming on the stage. (Éü¿l®Óx á´®Ω÷ îËßª’®Ω’.¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢ËCéπ áéÀ\ v°æü¿-®Ωz†©’ É´yúøç É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’.)

Averse = UnwillingSagar: But they have the talent. (é¬F ¢√∞¡xèπ◊

v°æA¶μº ÖçC éπüΔ?)Peter: So have you, but you don't act, either

(Fèπÿ ÖçC v°æA¶μº, é¬F †’´‹y †öÀç-îª´¤)Sagar: But I am doing a job that assures me

security, and a good salary. (é¬F ØË†’ ´’ç*@ûªç ûÁ*a-Â°õ‰d Æœn®Ω-¢Á’i† ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’)

Peter: So is my cousin. She has a plum jobtoo (´÷ cousin N≠æ-ßª’´‚ ÅçûË. Ç¢Á’èπÿ´’ç* ÖüÓuí∫ç ÖçC.)

Sagar: But your younger sister isn't. Perhapsshe has no interest in film acting. (O’ îÁ™„x©’ÖüÓuí∫ç àç îËßª’-ôç-™‰ü¿’. •£æ›¨» Ç¢Á’èπ◊†ô†™ ÇÆæéÀh ™‰üË¢Á÷!)

★ ★ ★ ★

Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç ´’† ´÷ö«xúË/ ´÷´‚©’ Ææç¶μ«-≠æ--ùèπ◊ Ææ£æ«-ï-û√yEo/ Ææ®Ω-∞¡-û√y-EoîËa short responses(èπ◊x°æh Ææpçü¿-†©’) practice îËüΔlç. ÉC ´’†èπ◊ con-versational ease ÉÆæ’hçC.Look at the followingexchanges from theconversation above.1) Sagar: Does your

sister sing?Peter: Yes, she does.

2) Sagar: What aboutyour cousin?

Peter: She does too,but for concerts.

3) Sagar: Do they act too?Peter: Neither does.

4) Sagar: They have the talent.Peter: So have you.Spoken English ™ ´÷´‚©’ questions èπ◊

Ææ´÷-üμΔ-Ø√©’ î√™« èπ◊x°æhçí¬ Öçö«®·.S: Does your sister sing?

P: Yes, she does.Ééπ\úø 'Does your sister sing?' (O’ îÁLx §ƒúø’-

ûª’çüΔ?) Åçõ‰ üΔEéÀ Ææ´÷-üμΔ†ç, ´÷´‚©’í¬ yes,she sings Åçö«ç. é¬F, spoken form ™ yes,she does Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí, questionèπ◊ answer,'no' Å®·ûË, No, she doesn't/ No, I/ we/ you/they don't ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.a) Prathap: Do you know English?

Surendra: Yes, I do./ No, I don't.îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπüΔ? Surendra

response. Yes, I do Åçö«ç. é¬F´÷´‚©’í¬ î√™«-́ ’çC ÅØËô’d, Yes, Ispeak English/ No, I don't speakEnglish ÅE Å†ç.b) Naresh: Will you see me

tomorrow?

Neeraj: Yes, I will/ No, I won't.

Åçõ‰ áèπ◊\´í¬ helping verbs (do,does, did, shall, should, will,

would, can, could, may, might, must, have to,has to, and had to, need and ought) ¢√úøû√ç.

OöÀéÀ O’®Ω’ short responses v°æßª’-Aoç-îªçúÕ.

1) Are you happy? (Both Yes/ No)

2) Hope you won't do it again

3) Do you like Telugu movies (Yes/ No)

4) Should he come again? (Yes)5) You like milk, don't you? (Yes/ No)6) Will you be there tomorrow? (Yes/ No)7) Were you at the meeting yesterday? (Yes/

No)8) Need we attend the meeting? (Yes/ No)9) Do you know the answer? (Yes/ No)10) Doesn't he help you? (Yes/ No)A correction: In the functional English part oflesson No. 732 (28.04.2013), in the first col-umn, read 'I come from Nellore', instead of, 'Icame from Nellore', both in the conversationpart and explanation part.I come from Nellore = I am a native of/Ibelong to Nellore. (´÷C ØÁ©÷x®Ω’)I came from Nellore = I arrived from Nellore(ØË†’ ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ †’ç* ´î√a†’).

Answers1) Yes, I am/ No, I am not2) No, I won't3) Yes, I do/ No, I don't4) Yes, he should5) Yes, I do/ No, I don't6) Yes, I will/ No, I won't7) Yes, I was/ No, I wasn't8) Yes, we need to/ No, we needn't9) Yes, I do/ No I don't10) Yes, he does/ No, he doesn't

Sana Afreen, YellanduQ: Are you going there,

aren't you?/ Aren't yougoing there, are you? -Do these two give thesame meaning?

A: You are going there, aren't you?(Are you going there, aren't you?é¬ü¿’.= The speaker thinks you aregoing and wants to be sure of it =O’®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ éπüΔ? – Åçõ‰ O’®Ω’¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ Å†’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.. ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o®√™‰üΔ ÅE E®√l¥-Jç-îª’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ÅúÕÍí´÷ô).

You aren't going there, are you?(Aren't you going there, are youé¬ü¿’) = The speaker thinks you arenot going there, and wants to besure of it (O’®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡xúøç ™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?Åçõ‰ O’®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡xúøç ™‰ü¿-†’-èπ◊†o ¢√∞¡Ÿx O’®Ω’¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o®√ ™‰üΔ ÅE E®√l¥-Jçîª’éÓ´-ú≈-EéÀ

ÅúÕÍí ´÷ô).So, you see they are different.Q: He is a tall person/ height person-

Which one is correct?A: He is a tall person - correctQ: i) The robbery goes wrong on his

turfii) The three perpetrators move on an

unexpecting familyiii) He has to get everybody to sur-

vive.iv) I am getting married after three

months.-Ñ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.

A: i) On his turf = Åûª-úÕéÀ ≤ƒn†-•©çÖ†o îÓô.

The robbery goes wrong on his turf= DEéÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ûÁLÊÆh í¬F Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬_îÁ°æp™‰ç. Ñ sentence Å®Ωnç Ö†oCÖ†oô’dí¬ Å®·ûË: Åûª-úÕéÀ ≤ƒn†-•©ç Ö†o-

îÓô Ñ üÓ°œ-úŒ Åçûª ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’.ii and iii - sentences ™ àüÓ üÓ≠æç -Öç-ü¿-†’èπ◊ç-ö«, -Å-™«é¬éπ-§Ú-ûË Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ûÁL-ßª’èπ◊çú≈ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpúøç éπ≠ædç.

iv) ØË†’ ´‚-úø’ -ØÁ-©-© ûª®√yûª Â°Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.

Q: The shop is open between four toseven - say if the above sentence iscorrect or not.

A: The shop is open between 4 and 7- correct.

Q: Under arms and every passing day- Means what?

A: Difficult to explain the meaningunless the context is clear (Ææçü¿®Ωs¥çûÁL-ßª’-éπ-§ÚûË Å®Ωnç îÁ°æp™‰ç).

Q: I am buying the house after onemonth, can this sentence be said tosay future action?

A: It can be

Usha Vasundhara,Khammam.

Q: He flops at every venture hestarts and is always been chased bymoney. Translate into Telugu.

A: The sentence is wrong. It should be,He flops at .... and is always chased/has always been chased by money =Åûªúø’ v§ƒ®Ωç-GμçîË v°æA ¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç-™†÷üÁ•s-Aç-ö«úø’. á°æ¤púø÷ úø•’s Åûª-úÕE¢Áçö«-úø’-ûª÷ØË Öçô’çC. Sentence ™there is some mistake. Check it.

Q: Improvise - give the meaning.A: Improvise = ´’†èπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h´¤,

≤ƒüμ¿†ç ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, üΔE •ü¿’©’, Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’, ´’† ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o ´Ææ’h-´¤-©ûÓ Ç´Ææ’h´¤/ ≤ƒüμ¿†ç ™«çöÀC ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-

´úøç. (Make a thing we needby using whatever we canfind because we do not havethe thing/ material we need)

îªÈé\®Ω BÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’† ü¿í∫_®Ωspoon ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, ã é¬Tûªç´·éπ\†’ spoon ™« ´’úÕ*,¢√úøû√ç éπüΔ? – ÉC impro-vise.

*†o °œ©x©’ cricket stumps ™‰†-°æ¤púø’,´‚úø’ éπv®Ω-©†’ ®√∞¡xûÓ E©-¶„-úø-û√®Ω’ – ÅCimprovise.Q: What does it

mean/ Whatdo they means- say if theabove two arecorrect or not?

A: What does itmean? = àçöÀüΔ†®Ωnç?(Åçõ‰....?)

What do they means? - WrongWhat do they mean? = àçöÀ ¢√∞¡x¶μ«´ç?/ àçöÀ ¢√∞¡x-†úøç/ ¢√∞¡x Å®Ωnç àçöÀ?The two sentences above are correct ifthey have question marks at the end.Q: They did have gone - say if the

above one is correct or not?A: It is wrong. Q: "You are a teacher" He/ he said -

please say which one of the aboveunderlined is suitable.

A: 'You are a teacher,' he said - correct.Q: Tomorrow I will

come/ I will cometomorrow - say thedifference.

A: I will come tomorrow- in English, the timeexpression (tomor-row, next week, later,etc) should be at theend of the sentence.

733

M. SURESAN

Varsha, Pooja, Pallavi,Sattenapalli

Q: But don't catch hold of me -translate into Telugu.

A: ††’o °æô’d-éÓ-´ü¿’lQ: Have you done well - Means

what?A: When someone has taken an

exam/ competed in a game/match, we ask them, 'Haveyou done well?' = †’´¤y ¶«í¬®√¨»¢√?/ ¶«í¬ Çú≈¢√, etc.

Q: I will come before one hour -Is this correct?

A: I will come within an hour -correct.

I will come before an hour -wrong.Q: How I could react at that

point of time to things whichI could never dream of? -translate into Telugu.

A: Ç Ææ´’-ßª’ç™ (at that point oftime) á™« ÆæpçCç-îª†’ (Howcould I react - How I couldreact é¬ü¿’), ØË†’ éπ©™ èπÿú≈Ü£œ«ç-îª-™‰E N≠æ-ßª÷-©èπ◊? (tothings which I could neverdream of)

Q: He had his sharp knife on -Say meaning.

A: He carried his sharp knife.

Do you know English?

--Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 -¢Ë’ 2013 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Remember the following contractions.English ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, not †’ °æ‹Jhí¬ Å†-èπ◊çú≈,Do, does ™«çöÀ helping verbs ûÓ èπ◊®Ωîª ®Ω÷°æç(contracted form)™ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬.ÅC practice îËÆœ Å©-¢√ô’ îËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ spokenEnglish, spoken English ™« Öçô’çC. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰bookish (ví¬çC∑éπ) English í¬ Öçô’çC. Nowlook at the following contractions and prac-tise them:1) Do not = Don't 2) Does not = Doesn't3) Did not = Didn't 4) Cannot = Can't5) Could not = Couldn't 6) Will not = Won't7) Shall not = Shan't 8) Would not = Wouldn't9) Should not = Shouldn't10) May not = Mayn't 11) Might not = Mightn't12) Must not = Mustn't13) Need not = Needn't14) Have not = Haven't15) Has not = Hasn't 16) Had not = Hadn't

OöÀ™ high frequency expressions (ÅAûª®Ωîª’í¬ ¢√úËN): Don't, Doesn't, Didn't (úÕú˛-Ø˛ö¸), Can't (é¬Ø d̨), Couldn't, Won't, Wouldn't,Shouldn't, Haven't, Hasn't, Hadn't.

OöÀ-éÀ-ûÓúø’ ´’J-éÌEo: amn't (am not), isn't (isnot), aren't (are not), wasn't (was not), weren't(were not).

O’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hçúË Öçô’çC – OöÀE QuestionTags™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.

OöÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç, Éçé¬, short responses ™ (èπ◊x°æhÆæpçü¿-†™x) ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

OöÀE ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úøôç Å©-¢√ô’ îËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰, spo-ken English î√™« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC.

Look at the following conversation:

Ajay: Have you any novels you can lend me?I want to read some during this vacation.(Ø√éÀ-́ yí∫LT† † -́©©’ F ü¿í∫_®Ω à¢Á’iØ√ ÖØ√oßª÷?Ñ ÂÆ©´¤™x éÌEo îªü¿-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.)

Sunil: I am sorry. I haven't/ don't have any. Infact I was about to ask you for some. (Sorry.Ø√ ü¿í∫_Í®ç ™‰́ ¤. ÅÆæ©’ ØËØË E†’o éÌEo Åúø-í∫-¶-ûª’Ø√o.)

Ajay: We are sailing in the same boat then.(Do you) know any of our friends who canhelp us in the matter? (´’E-ü¿l®Ωç äÍé °æJ-Æœn-A™ÖØ√o-́ ’-†o-́ ÷ô. Ñ N≠æ-ßª’ç™ ´’†èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’çîËßª’-í∫© ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-™„-´-®ΩØ√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)

Sunil: There aren't any, I am afraid. (á´®Ω÷™‰®ΩØË ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.)

Ajay: I tried at the library. There had beensome, but they have all been taken away.There weren't any left. (ØË†’ ™„jv•-K™ v°æßª’-Aoçî√. Åéπ\úø ÖçúËN, é¬F ¢√öÀF BÆæ’-Èé-Rx-§Ú-ßª÷®Ω’. àO N’í∫-™‰xü¿’.)

Sunil: That's bad. Let me see if I can get anyfrom my cousin. She might have some. (ÅCü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠æd¢Ë’. ´÷ cousin ü¿í∫_-Í®-¢ÁjØ√ Öçö«-ßË’¢Á÷îª÷≤ƒh. Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌEo ÖçúÌîª’a.)

Ajay: If you get any from her pass them on to

me too. (FÍé-¢Á’iØ√ ´ÊÆh, éÌEo Ø√éÀ´¤y.)Look at the following expressions from theconversation above:1) Have you/ Do you have any novels? I want

to read some.2) I don't have any. I was about to ask you for

some.3) There aren't any.4) There had been some, but there weren't

any.Spoken English ™, some, any Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ´’†¶μ«≠æ†’ î√™« Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ îËÆæ’hçC. OöÀE ¢√úøôç ´©x´’† ´÷ô©’ èπ◊x°æhçí¬ Öçö«®·. SpokenEnglish™ no •ü¿’©’ not any (contracted form- n't any) form ¢√úø’éπ î√™« áèπ◊\´. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.a) Suseela: Please give me some more

samosas (ÉçéÌEoÆæ¢Á÷-≤ƒ-©’çõ‰É´y¢√?)

Mother: Sorry,child. There aren'tany left. (™‰ü¿´÷t,Ææ¢Á÷-≤ƒ™‰ç N’í∫--™‰xü¿’.)

´’†ç ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬,There are nosamosas leftÅçö«ç. DE éπçõ‰ 'There aren't any more left'Å†-úøç áèπ◊\´.b) Janaki: Ask Mayuri for some nail polish.

I haven't any more with me. (´’ßª‚-JE é¬ÆæhíÓ∞¡x-®Ωçí∫’ Åúø’í∫’. Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω Éçéπ-™‰ü¿’).

Sarala: I am sure she will give us some. (ûª†’éÌçûª ´’†-éÀ-Ææ’hç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö« ûª°æpéπ.)éÀçC sentences ™ 'no' •ü¿’©’ 'not.... any'

¢√úøçúÕ. (≤ƒüμΔ-®Ω-ùçí¬ Å™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx 'No' ¢√úË-

Ææ’hçö«ç.) ÉC O’®Ω’ í∫•-í∫¶« ÅØË-ßª÷L.Eg: 1) I have no money to lend you (Fèπ◊ Å°æ¤p

ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø¶‰sç ™‰ü¿’.)Ans: I haven't any money to lend you.

1) The teacher likes no boy to be irregular.2) She has no more patience with people like

you. (patience = ã®Ω’p/ Ææ£æ«†ç).3) There is no money left in his bank account.4) He brought home no money.5) I will see no more movies of that actor.6) There was no more food left.7) She has no new dress for the function.8) We have seen no new movies this month.9) I want no more; thank you.10) I have no more work to do.

They don't want any more

P. Srinivas, Karimnagar.Q: What is the difference

between....1) Bar - Restaurant2) Legal - Judicial3) Progress - Development

4) Front - Alliance 5) Famous - PopularA: 1) Bar: A place for buying and

having alcoholic drinks.Restaurant: A place where we canbuy and eat food.2) Legal = Connected with law;

approved by law (îªôd-Ææ-´’t-ûª-¢Á’i†)Judicial = Connected with courts andjudges. Anything legal or illegal is ajudicial matter.3) Progress = Improvement/ change

for better/ moving forward.Development = (something/ some-body) grow or change into something

bigger/ more advanced/ stronger.There is a lot of progress in the econ-omy of the country/ The country hasprogressed in technology.He has developed into a great leaderin a short time.4) Front = a political party/ a military

organization - found mostly in thename of a single party.

Alliance = A group of two/ morecountries/ political parties/ groups,working together for achiev-ing something. (äéπ ©éπ~u ≤ƒüμ¿-†èπ◊ àéπ´’ßË’u üË¨»©/ ®√ï-éÃßª’§ƒKd©/ ´®√_© èπÿôN’)5) Famous = Known to many

people across a wide area =v°æÆœCl¥ îÁçC† = î√™«-́ ’ç-CéÀûÁL-ßª’úøç.

Popular = Liked and enjoyedby a large number of people =î√™«-´’çC ÅGμ-´÷-EçîË ´uéÀh/

Ç≤ƒy-Cç*, Ç†ç-CçîË.Famous: î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-úøôç ÅE´÷vûª¢Ë’.Popular: î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ ûÁLßª’-úø¢Ë’é¬èπ◊çú≈ É≠æd-°æ-úøôç èπÿú≈.A famous leader/ scientist/ actor, etcA popular actor/ song/ restaurant.Famous leaders may also be popularleaders.Famous = v°æÆœCl¥ îÁçC†;

Popular = v°æñ«-Gμ-́ ÷†çÖ†o. ÖüΔ: Famous scien-tist = v°æÆœCl¥ îÁçC† ¨»ÆæY-Vcúø’ – OJéÀ v°æñ«-Gμ-´÷†ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a éπüΔ.Åçõ‰ v°æñ«-F-é¬-EéÀ ¢√∞¡ŸxûÁLßª’-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ÅüËactor Å®·ûË v°æÆœCl¥éÀáéπ\-†÷-´îª’a, v°æñ«-Gμ-´÷†ç §Òçü¿†÷´îª’a.

Vasundhara Singham, KiranSingham, Rajole

Q: "They have done it", he/ Hesaid - Say the correct one.

A: The reporting person in suchsentences, 'he', here, shouldbegin with a small letter. But ifit is the name of a person, thefirst letter should be a capitalletter.

Q: They held their breath andcheered in turn - Say the mean-ing of above underlined inTelugu.

A: ¢√∞¡Ÿx Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-´úøç, îª°æpô’x îª®Ω-îªúøç, äéπ-üΔE ¢Áçô äéπöÀ îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.

Q: Emotion/ Feeling- Say the dif-ference and instinct/Instinctively as well.

A: Emotion = ¶μ«¢√-¢Ë̈ ¡ç, Feeling =¶μ«´ç

Instinct = Ææ£æ«ï (°æ¤ô’déπûÓ ´îËa)üμÓ®ΩùÀ.Instinctively = Ç™-*ç-îªèπ◊çú≈ ´’†çÇ éπ~ù«-EéÀ Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ îËÊÆC.When somebody hits you, youinstinctively hit back = äéπ®Ω’N’´’tLo éÌöÀd-†-°æ¤púø’, -O’®Ω’ ¢ÁçôØËéÌúøû√®Ω’ – ÅC Ææ£æ«ïç. Ç™-îª†Öçúøü¿’.Q: Ever from childhood he had an

instinct for drawing- Say inTelugu and also say if theabove underlined word is cor-rectly used.

A: *†o-ûª†ç †’çîË Åûª-úÕéÀ ¶Ô´’t©’Ußª’-í∫© Ææ£æ«ï ¨¡éÀh ÖçúÕçC. Ever from - wrong.Ever since - correct.

Saroj Singhania, Rajole.Q: Can't we write/ say his leg is

broken/ My hand/ leg isnumbed?

A: 'His leg is broken' - correct,but 'He broke his leg' is bet-ter.

My hand/ leg is numbed - OKQ: Can't we say or write-

Australia plays the best/ thebest of all other teams?

A: We can say so.

Q: I am not worried/ I am decid-ed/ I am determined- But itshouldn't be said/ written Iam understood - Let meknow the words with whichwe can use I am + V3/ He is/they are + V3.

A: You can write, 'I am under-stood' with the meaning of'others understand me'.

We can say, 'I am surprised'; I amshocked; I am grieved, etc.

Roushini Singhal, Vizag.Q: They are playing on the/ in the

ground - Say the right one.A: On the ground.Q: Mother Theresa came to Calcutta/

The Mother Theresa came toCalcutta.

- Which is right?A: Mother Theresa/ The Mother came

to Calcutta.Q: If a teacher is asked by the stu-

dents to explain the differencebetween the words 'Factory' and'Industry' - How can they explain?

What examples canthey give?

A: Factory = A bigbuilding/ group ofbuildings wheregoods are produced.

Industry: Production (ûªßª÷K) ofgoods on a large scale. (Industriesare located in factories).

Q: They have lived here for 10 years /In the 10 years/ in the past tenyears- Say the correct one.

A: They have lived here for ten years= They have lived here for ten

years some-time in thepast.

They have lived here for the past/ thelast ten years/ for ten years now/ forten years so far = They started livinghere ten years ago and have lived heretill now. (10 à∞¡x éÀçü¿öÀ †’ç* É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊)

734

M. SURESAN

Answers1) The teacher doesn't like any boy to be

irregular.2) She hasn't anymore patience with people

like you.3) There isn't any more money left in his

bank account.4) He didn't bring home any money.5) I won't (will not) see any more movies of

that actor.6) There wasn't any more food left.7) She hasn't any new dress for the function.8) We haven't seen any new movies this

month.9) I don't want any more; Thank you.10) I haven't/ don't have any more work to

do.

Exercise

Famous, Popular -´’-üμ¿u -ûË-ú≈...?

--Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 -¢Ë’ 2013 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


- Padmapuri Veda, Nellore.Q: K.V.P.R. is subjected to eight

hours long questioning by a CBIteam - Say the meaning ofabove underlined word.

A: CBI •%çü¿ç îËûª KVPR 8 í∫çô©Ææ’D®Ω` Nî√-®Ω-ùèπ◊ í∫’J-îË-ßª’-•-ú≈fúø’(subjected to). ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’:CBI •%çü¿ç KVPR†’ 8 í∫çô©Nî√-®Ω-ùèπ◊ í∫’J-îË-ÆœçC.

Q: Does it apply? / Is it applied? -Say the correct one.

A: Does it apply? = ÅC ´Jh-Ææ’hçüΔ? Is it applied? = ÅC ´Jhç-îª-•-úÕçüΔ? Both correct, but note the differ-ence in meaning.

Q: Applied Sciences - means what?

A: Applied Sciences = Scienceswhich have practical uses = Eûªu@Nûªç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ¨»ÆæYç.

Q: Apply the cream sparingly toyour face - Say the meaning of

the above underlined.

A: Ç cream†’ °æ©aí¬ (sparingly)´·ë«-EéÀ ®√ßª’çúÕ.

Q: I am saying applies only to you -Say in Telugu.

A: What I am saying (I am sayingé¬ü¿’) applies only to you = ØË†’îÁ°æ¤h-†oC FÍé/ Fèπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Jh-Ææ’hçC.

Q: I am tired of having to pretend allthe time - Say in Telugu

A: having to pretend = †öÀç-î√Lq®√´ôç.I am tired of = Ø√èπ◊ NÆæ’í¬_ ÖçC.

Q: being/ having been - Say the usesof the above in past/ present.

A: Being a minister, he can get anything = ´’çvAí¬ Öçúøôç ´©x(É°æ¤púø’) Çßª’† àüÁjØ√ §Òçü¿-í∫-©úø’.Having been a minister for fiveyears, he earned a lot = í∫ûªç™´’çvAí¬ Öçúø-úøçûÓ î√™« úø•’s©’Ææç§ƒ-Cç-îª’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

- P. Srinivas, Ammakkapet

Explain the differencebetween the following:

Q: Fortune - Luck

A: Fortune =Getting more than what weexpect = ´’†ç ÇPç-*† üΔE-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ §Òçü¿úøç.

His fortune got him a bet-ter job than he had expect-ed = ÅûªúÕ Åü¿%≠ædç, Åûªúø’ÇPç-*† üΔE-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj†ÖüÓuí∫ç ´*açC.

Luck = A good thing that happens tous without our effort = ´’† v°æßª’ûªoç™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†èπ◊ éπLÍí ´’ç*.

He had the luck of finding a job with-

out any effort = à v¨¡´’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË ÖüÓuí∫ç§Òç-ü¿í∫-L-T-† Åü¿%≠ædç Åûª-EC.Q: Farewell party - Valediction function

A: Farewell party = A party arranged onthe occasion of a person/group of persons leavingtheir friends/ organisationsto say good bye to them =ûª´’ ÊÆo£œ«ûª’©†’/ ÆæçÆæn-©†’ĆL ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’†o úèπ◊h©èπ◊/úéÀhéÀ, OúÓ\©’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊à®√pô’ îËÊÆ Nçü¿’.

Valediction/ Valedictory function = Afunction arranged to say good bye,especially in a formal speech, to aperson/ persons leaving = Ææ£æ«-îª-®Ω’©/ÆæçÆæn-©†’ ĆL ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’†o úèπ◊h-©èπ◊

OúÓ\©’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ à®√pô’ îËÊÆ Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒ-©ûÓ èπÿúÕ† Ææ¶μº (Nçü¿’ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a).

Q: Secret - Confidential

A: Secret = Known only to a very fewpeople and kept hidden from others= éÌçûª-´’ç-CéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûÁLÆœ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ûÁL-ßª’èπ◊çú≈ üΔ* Öçîªôç.

They kept their love affair a secretfrom their parents = ûª´’ vÊ°´’†’ ûª´’ûªLx-ü¿çvúø’© †’ç* ®Ω£æ«Ææuçí¬ Öçî√®Ω’ (Thisis only spoken).

Confidential = Spoken / written insecret and meant to be kept secret =àüÁjØ√ N≠æßª’ç (®√ûª™ í¬F/ ´÷ô™ í¬F)®Ω£æ«Ææuçí¬ ÖçîËC.

Confidential is usually official. Secretmay be both official and non-official.

- Raadha Mohini Jaiswal, Vijayawada

Q: She asked him to explain Polya - Shouldn't the word 'to' bethere after the above underlined word?

A: Yes. Explain is always followed by 'to'.

Q: Study the answers and recite them to me - Ç answersîªCN Ø√èπ◊ Å°æp-îÁ-°æpçúÕ – Is this correct?

A: Right

Q: O’ Å´’t-îËûª ††’o AöÀd-≤ƒh´¤ éπü¿÷ – Say in English.

A: You had your mother scolding me, didn't you?/ You madeyour mother scold me, didn't you?

Q: If we don't know the pronunciation of an English word, canwe write it in a phonetic manner? Explain.

A: When you don't know the pronunciation of a word, howcan you write it in the phonetic script?

Q: aptitude/ rustle - Explain in Telugu.

A: Aptitude = natural ability/ skill, especially in learning =àüÁjØ√ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ßª’-°æúË Ææ£æ«-ï-Æœ-ü¿l¥-¢Á’i†/ °æ¤ô’d-éπûÓ ´îËa≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç/ ØÁj°æ¤ùuç.

rustle = í¬L O*†°æ¤púø’ ´îËa îÁôxÇèπ◊© í∫©-í∫© / °æô’d-<®Ω© ¨¡•lç.

Q: When 'as well as' is equal to 'and', why can't we say:Radha as well as her parents are here?

A: That is usage - ¢√úø’éπ. áEo §ƒ©’? ÅE áçü¿’-éπçö«ç, §ƒ©’™„éπ\-Â°õ‰d ´Ææ’h´¤ é¬ü¿’ éπüΔ? é¬F ¢√úø’éπ Å™« Å†ôç. Englishèπÿú≈ As well asèπ◊ ¢√úø’éπ (usage) ÅC.

Q: Explain 'during' and link verb

A: Link verbs - See lesson No. 729

During - See in the same lesson.

Q: "He is here", they said / They said - Say the correct one.

A: See the answer to question No. 1 in lesson 732.

735

M. SURESAN

Sekhar: See if either of these books is yours(îª÷úø’, Ñ È®çúÕöx àüÁjØ√ F °æ¤Ææhéπ--¢Ë’¢Á÷?)

Ravikanth: Neither (È®çúÕöx àD é¬ü¿’).Sekhar: It isn't anywhere here. Perhaps it is in

your desk. Check.

(ÅC Ééπ\-úÁéπ\ú≈ ™‰ü¿’. •£æ›¨» F desk™ÖçüËË¢Á÷)

Ravikanth: It isn't there either. I've checked.(Åü¿-éπ\ú≈ ™‰ü¿’. ØË†’ îª÷¨»†’.)

Sekhar: Did anyone borrow it from you? Try toremember. (F ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* á´-®ΩØ√o BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®√? í∫’®Ω’hûÁîª’aéÓ).

Ravikanth: None, I am sure. (á´®Ω÷ BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.Ø√èπ◊ †´’téπç ÖçC).

Sekhar: Does it bear your name on it?

üΔE O’ü¿ F Ê°®Ω’çüΔ? (English ´÷ô-éπ®Ωnç: ÅC(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç Â°j†) F Ê°®Ω’çüΔ?)

Ravikanth: No, it doesn't. (™‰ü¿’)Sekhar: Any other marks on the book that can

help you to know it is yours?

(ÉçÍé-üÁjØ√ í∫’®Ω’h ÖçüΔ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç O’ü¿, ÅCFü¿E ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊)

Ravikanth: None, I'm afraid. Wait. There's anoil mark on the face of the book. I remem-ber now.

(àç ™‰ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. Öçúø÷. °æ¤Ææhéπç Åôd-O’ü¿†÷ØÁ-´’-®Ωéπ ÖçC. É°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC)

Sekhar: Yes, so do I. I haven't lost a singlebook so far, you know?

(Å´¤†’. Ø√èπÿ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC. Éçûª-́ -®Ωèπÿ ØË†’ äéπ\°æ¤Ææhéπç èπÿú≈ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’, ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)

Ravikanth: Neither had I, till I lost the book. I

haven't given up yet. I think I'll find it when Isearch for some other thing.

(ØË†’ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’, Ñ °æ¤Ææhéπç §ÚßË’ ´®Ωèπ◊.Éçé¬ ØË†’ Ç¨¡ ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. Éçéπ -üËEéÓÆæ¢Á÷¢Áü¿’-èπ◊-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ÉC üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çC.)

★ ★ ★

véÀûªç≤ƒJ ´’†ç a number of contractions(î√™« èπ◊®Ωîª ®Ω÷§ƒ-©†’) îª÷¨»ç éπüΔ, not •ü¿’©’,n't ¢√úËN. É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo contractions, spoken/Functional English™ ¢√úËN îª÷üΔlç. ´·êuçí¬É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îª÷úø-¶ßË’ contractions, is, are,have, has, hadèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*-†N (í∫’®Ω’hçC éπüΔ.í∫ûªç™ ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† contractions ÅFo not èπ◊´îËaN, n't ®Ω÷°æç™)

1. 's = is/ has - Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd.It's here = It is here.

He's done it = He has done it.

2. 're = are.

We're sure he will be there = We are

sure he will be there.

3. 'll = will.

I'll go tomorrow = I will go tomorrow.

4. 'd = would.

I'd do it if I were you = I would do it if I

were you.

5. 've = have. I've seen it = I have seen it.

Ñ contractions ÅFo formal written English™¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Spoken English™, Åçõ‰ English

´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤p-úø’-í¬F, ´’†ç´÷ö«xúË Ææç¶μ«-≠æù†’, Ö†o-ü¿’-†oô’xí¬ ®√ßª’-ú≈-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’¢√úøû√ç.ÉçéÓ N≠æßª’ç: È®çúø’ contrac-

tions†’ äÍé≤ƒJ °æéπ\-°æ-éπ\ØË¢√úøç. It's n't (It is not)ûª°æ¤p.Look at the followingexpressions from theconversation above:

1) See if either of thesebooks is yours/ Neither.

2) It isn't there either 3)None, I am sure

4) Yes, so do I 5) Neither had I.

Study the above. Understand the use of'either' / Neither / either of / Neither of / any of/ none of.

Ñ expressionsèπ◊ English™, ´·êuçí¬ spokenEnglish™ î√™« v§ƒ´·êuç ÖçC.

Either/ either of = One of only two = È®çúÕöxàüÁjØ√/ Éü¿l®Óx á´-È®jØ√

(Any / Any of = È®çöÀ-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ / Éü¿l-J-éπØ√oáèπ◊\´ Ö†o ¢√öÀ™x/ ¢√J™ àüÁjØ√, á -́È®jØ√)a) Prasen: Which do you want? The one with

the button down collars or the one with fullsleeves? ( --Ç È®çúÕöx– collar ü¿í∫_®Ω buttonÖçúË ≠æ®Ω’d, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Ç full shirt- Ñ È®çúÕöx àCé¬¢√L?)

Dilip = Either/ either (of them) is OK for me.(È®çúÕöx àüÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®)

b) Subba Rao: You can keep one of the twobooks. Which one do you want? (Ç È®çúø’°æ¤Ææh-é¬™x äéπöÀ †’´¤y Öçîª’-éÓ-́ îª’a. àC é¬¢√L?)

Ramana: Either (of them) isOK. (È®çúÕöx àüÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®).

Eitherèπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç – È®çúÕöx /Éü¿l-J™ v°æA äéπ\öÃ/ v°æAäéπ\®Ω÷)

a) There are trees on eitherside of the road = ®Óúø’fèπ◊È®çúø’-¢Áj°æ¤™« îÁô’x-Ø√o®·.

b) Arjun: Which way couldthe thief have escaped (àüΔJ™ç* üÌçí∫ §ƒJ-§Ú®·ÖçúÌîª’a?)

Bharath: Can't say. There is adoor on either side of thebuilding (îÁ°æp™‰ç. Ç build-ingèπ◊ îÁ®Ó-¢Áj°æ¤ üΔy®Ωç ÖçC).

Any = One of more than two = È®çúø’/ Éü¿lJéπØ√o áèπ◊\´ Ö†o ¢√öÀ™x/ ¢√∞¡x™ á -́È®jØ√.a) Charumathi: Did any movie that you saw

last year interest you? (†’´¤y éÀçü¿-õ‰-ú≈Cîª÷Æœ† ÆœE-́ ÷™x Fèπ◊ àC ¶«í∫’çC?)

Saritha: Any of the movie that we saw lastyear was OK.

Either/ either of/ any/ any of - Oô-Eo-öÀF sin-gularí¬ØË Å†’-éÓ-¢√L. verb èπÿú≈ singular.

b) Sravani: Which of these saris (more thantwo) do you want? (Ñ <®Ω™x È®çöÀ-éπØ√oáèπ◊\´) àN é¬¢√L Fèπ◊?

Vatsala: Any three of them (¢√öÀ™x à ´‚úÁjØ√)c) Charumathi: These are all the candidates

who have made the grade. Who do youwant among them.

Saritha: Any five of them (¢√∞¡x™x à âü¿’-í∫’-È®jØ√)Either/ either of/ any/ any of - Oô-Eo-öÀéÃ verb

á°æ¤púø÷ singular.

..... either side of the road

- Suraj Singh Chopra, MachilipatnamQ: He has been here in the past four days - translate into Telugu.

Say the use of 'in the past' as 'for the past' should have been there,shouldn't it have?

A: He has been here (some time) in the past four days = í∫úÕ-*† Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV™x Åûªúø’ Ééπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’ (Å°æ¤púø°æ¤púø’/ äéπöÀ È®çúø’®ÓV-©-§ƒô’ etc).He has been here for the past four days = í∫ûª Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV©’í¬ Åûªúø’(ÅEo ®ÓV©÷) (Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV© éÀçü¿ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´®Ωèπÿ) Ééπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’.

Secret, Confidential ´’-üμ¿u -ûË-ú≈ ..-?

Rakshitha Singhal,Vijayawada.

Q: Declare/ announce - Saydifference

A: Declare = to make peo-ple know something in an officialmanner = àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCμ-é¬-J-éπçí¬ v°æï-©èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’úøç. Announce = Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁL-ßª’E N≠æ-ßª÷Eo, v°æï-©èπ◊ ÇÆæ-éÀhE éπL-TçîË N≠æ-ßª÷EoûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’úøç. (to declare for the firsttime something of interest to the peo-ple.)Announcing the election results, thePresiding officer declared the winningcandidate. áEo-éπ© °∂æL-û√-©†’ ûÁL-ßª’-°æ-®Ω’Ææ÷h áEo-éπ© ÅCμ-é¬J ÈíL-*† Å¶μºu-JnE v°æéπ-öÀç-î√úø’.Q: As the children/ children play and

sit under a/ the tree. Hence it

makes/ make the poet thinks/ thinkthat the tree/ tree love children/- Say the correct one.

A: As the children play they sit underthe tree. Hence it makes the poetthinks that the tree loves the chil-dren - Correct.

Q: îÁô’d °æ‹©’ Å´¤-ûª’Ø√o®· (Åçõ‰îÁô’dèπ◊ °æ‹©’ °æ‹Ææ’h-Ø√o-®·) é¬ßª’©’é¬Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. Howcan these be said?

A: The tree is blos-soming and isbearing fruit.

Q: 'Rope in' - Meanswhat?

A: Rope in = To make somebody jointo help you in doing something =

´’†ç-ûªô ´’†ç îËßª’-™‰E/ ≤ƒCμç-îª-™‰EN≠æ-ßª’ç™ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ éπ©’-°æ¤-éÓ-́ úøç, äéÓ\-≤ƒJ ¢√∞¡xéÀ É≠ædç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√.

He roped in some of his seniors todemand a pay rise = Åûªúø’ @ûªç Â°çîª-´’E ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûª† seniors E èπÿú≈

éπ©’°æ¤èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

Q: Architect based -Means what?

A: Based on the knowl-edge of architecture.

Q: When a leave letterhas to be written, is itneeded to write / putthe heading 'LeaveLetter' in the Leaveletter?

A: Nothing wrong in having the head-ing, 'Leave Letter'.

--Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 -¢Ë’ 2013 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Narayana: Which of the two ... Mallik andPrasanth .. is here? (´’Lxé˙, v°æ¨»çû˝ Éü¿l-J™ á´-®Ω’-Ø√o-J-éπ\úø?)

Roy: Neither is. ((Éü¿l-J™) à äéπ\®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.)Narayana: Then when are you going to tell

them of this? Will you meet them or callthem? (Å®·ûË Ñ N≠æßª’ç ¢√∞¡xéÀ á°æ¤púø’ îÁ§ƒh´¤†’´¤y? †’´¤y ¢√∞¡xE éπ©’-≤ƒh¢√, §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh¢√?)

Roy: Neither. I'll send my brother with themessage. If they respond, it's OK. If theydon't respond it's OK too. (´÷ ûª´·t-úÕéÀN≠æßª’ç îÁ°œp ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ îÁ°æp-´’E °æç°œ≤ƒh, ¢√∞¡ŸxÆæpçCÊÆh ÆæÍ®, ÆæpçCç-îª-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ ÆæÍ®.)

Narayana: That's being irresponsible. Thatthey get the message is important. You maynot be in trouble, but I will be. (ÅC ¶«üμ¿u-û√-®√-£œ«-ûªuçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç. ¢√∞¡xéÀ Ç ¢√®Ωh îË®ΩúøçÅØËC î√™« ´·êuç. †’´¤y É•sç-ü¿’™x °æúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a, É•sçC °æúËC ØË†’.)

Roy: Neither of us will be, don't worry. Mybrother will ensure that they get the mes-sage. (á´®Ωç (´’E-ü¿l-J™) É•sç-C-°æúøç, ÇçüÓ-∞¡†°æúøèπ◊. ´÷ ûª´·túø’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’ ¢√Rx-ü¿l-JéÃ ¢√®ΩhÅçüËô’d.)

Narayana: The trouble with you is, you don'tmake things clear. Nor do you act in time.Why don't you yourself go to them or callthem? Is it that you don't like them? Whichof the two don't you like? (àD Ææp≠ædçí¬îÁ°æp´¤. FûÓ *éπ\üË. §ÚF Ææé¬-™«-EéÀ îª®Ωu BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√ Åçõ‰ ÅD îÁßª’u´¤. †’¢Ëy ¢√∞¡x ü¿í∫_-JéÀáçü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x´¤? ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ áçü¿’èπ◊ phone îÁßª’u´¤.Åçõ‰ ¢√∞¡xçõ‰ Fèπ◊ É≠ædç ™‰†ç-ü¿’-´-™‰xØ√? ¢√Rx-ü¿l-J™

á´®Ωçõ‰ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’ Fèπ◊?)Roy: I like neither of them. In fact none of

our friends like them except you. And nei-ther do you always. (Éü¿l®Ω÷ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’™x ¢√∞¡xçõ‰ á´-JéÃ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. Fèπ◊ûª°æp. Fèπÿ ¢√∞¡xçõ‰ ÅEo-¢Ë-∞¡™« É≠ædç Öçúøü¿’).

Narayana: But I do, of course. You don'tunderstand people properly, nor do you tryto. (ÅüËç-™‰ü¿’. ¢√∞¡xçõ‰ Ø√Èé-°æ¤púø÷ É≠æd¢Ë’. †’´¤yÉûª-®Ω’-©†’ ÆæJí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ´¤. v°æßª’-Aoç-îª´¤èπÿú≈).

Note: Ensure = make sure = (ê®√®Ω’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç).

In the last lesson, we've seen the impor-tance of 'either' which means one of only two.Now we are going to see how to use 'neither'which means 'not one of only two'.

í∫ûª¢√®Ωç lesson ™ 'either' Å®Ωnç, üΔE

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπüΔ? 'either' Åçõ‰ È®çúÕöx/ Éü¿l-J™, àüÁjØ√, á´-È®jØ√ ÅE.

Å™«Íí Neither/ Neither of = È®çúÕöx àD™‰ü¿’/ Éü¿l-J™ á´-®Ω÷ -™‰®Ω’/ é¬®Ω’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ¢√úøû√ç. English Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù™, Either, Either of,Neither, Neither of î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Å™«¢√úÕûËØË Ææç¶μ«-≠æù Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. ÅüË Éü¿lJéπçõ‰/ È®çöÀ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö†oôx®·ûË 'None'/'None of' Åçö«ç.Neither is here = Ç È®çöÀ™ àD ™‰ü¿’/ Ç Éü¿l-J™á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.None is here = ¢√öÀ™x (È®çöÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´)/ àD-™‰ü¿’/ ¢√∞¡x™x (Éü¿l-Jéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´) á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.None of the books is interesting = Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬™x(È®çöÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´) àD ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰ü¿’.None of our students failed = ´÷ NüΔu-®Ω’n™x(Éü¿l-J-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´) á´®Ω÷ ûª°æp-™‰ü¿’.1. a) Prasanna: Where do you come from,

Vijayawada or Hyderabad? (O’C à Ü®Ω’,Nï-ßª’-¢√ú≈/ Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«üΔ?)

Rajeswari: From neither. I come fromNellore. (È®çúÕöx àD é¬ü¿’. ØÁ©÷x®Ω’.)

b) Abhijith: Which of your two uncles is anMP? (O’ Éü¿l®Ω’ ¶«¶«-®·™x á´®Ω’ MP?)Venkat: Neither is.

(Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω÷ é¬®Ω’.)2. a) Prabhakar:

Which one of thetwo shirts do youwant?

Sudheer: Neither suitsme, I am afraid. (ÇÈ®çöÀ™ àD Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú-ü¿E Ø√ Å†’-́ ÷†ç)

b) Srikanth: Which team has a better chance

of winning, yours or theirs? (à ïô’déÀ ÈíLîËÅ´-é¬-¨»©’ áèπ◊\´ ÖØ√o®·, O’üΔ, ¢√∞¡xüΔ?)

Chandra: I don't have an idea. (Ø√Íéç ûÁL-ßª’-õ‰xü¿’.)Srikanth: Nor do I (Ø√èπÿ ûÁL-ßª’úøç ™‰ü¿’.)

Â°j sentences ÅEoçöÀ™ neither (of) .. È®çúÕöxàD -™‰ü¿’/ Éü¿l-J™ á´-®Ω÷ -™‰®Ω’.★ None (of): Not even one of more than two

(È®çöÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö†o-¢√-öÀ™x àD-™‰ü¿’/ é¬ü¿’/Éü¿l-J-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö†o ¢√∞¡x™x á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’/é¬®Ω’.)

a) Sana: Did any policemen come to thescene of the accident? (§ÚM-Ææ’-™„-´-È®jØ√ Çv°æ´÷-ü¿-Ææn-™«-EéÀ ´î√a®√?)

í∫’®Ω’hçC éπüΔ, Any = One of more than two.Ranganath: None (Éü¿l-J-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ – á´®Ω÷®√™‰ü¿’.)

Compare: a) Neither is here (Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω÷,™‰®Ω’/ È®çúÕöx àD-™‰ü¿’.)None is here = È®çúÕ-öÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ¢√öÀ™x/Éü¿lJ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ¢√∞¡x™x, àD-™‰ü¿’/ á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’.None of them = Same as above - ¢√öÀ™x(È®çöÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´) àD ™‰ü¿’ /¢√∞¡x™x (Éü¿l-J-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´) á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’.)a) Either (of) = one of only twoAny (of) = One of more than two.b) Neither (of) = Not even one of only

two.None (of) = Not even one of more than two.

Neither of us will be...

Ahalya Vasundhara, Rajole.Q: Offer/ give, chance / opportunity,

deduce / presume / assume / sup-pose - Clarify.

A: Offer = Give something to otherswithout their asking for it.

Give = To hand something to some-body whether they ask for it or not.Chance = Opportunity, but chance isalways unexpected (´’†ç Å†’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈´îËa Å´-é¬¨¡ç). Opportunity is notalways unexpected. (OpportunityÅEo-¢Ë-∞¡™« ûª†ç-ûªô ÅC ´îËaC é¬ü¿’.éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´’†ç éπLpç-îª’-éÓ-¢√L.)Deduce = draw a conclusion/ form

an opinion aboutsomething = äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷Eo í∫’Jç* äéπ ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ßª÷-EéÀ ®√´úøç.Presume = Assume= to think that some-thing is true without proof of it ( ÇüμΔ-®√©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ àüÁjØ√ N≠æßª’ç Eï-´’E†´’túøç.)

Suppose = Think.Q: When are the following symbols

used? :, :-, i.e for e.g.Pollution; / pollution :- Explain

A: 1) : ... before you begin a list.There are four directions : east,

west,south andnorth.

2) ie = That is;Making something clearer. ThePM, ie., Mr. Manmohan Singh =´’† v°æüμΔ-†-´’çvA, ÅüË, ´’ØÓt-£æ«Ø˛Æœçí˚.

eg: (for eg é¬ü¿’) = for example = ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊.

736

M. SURESAN

Declare, Announce -´’-üμ¿u -ûË--ú≈..?

P. Srinivas, Karimnagar.Q: Please explain the following.

1. Basics - Elements2. Inclusive - Mixing3. Lay Out - Enclave4. Arrest - Custody

A: 1) Basics = Elements = Thefirst and most necessary thingsof a subject = äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷-EéÀÆæç•ç-Cμç-*† v§ƒü∑¿-N’-é¬ç-̈ »©’.

2. Inclusive = including = éπL°œ/îËJa.

The salary he gets is inclusive ofbasic pay and allowances = Åûªúø’§ÒçüË @ûªç™ ´‚©-¢Ë-ûª†ç, ¶μºû√u©’éπL°œ Öçö«®·.

Mixing = Combining - puttingtwo/ more things together so thatthey cannot be separated = éπ©°æúøç.

Mixing milk with water is com-mon = §ƒ©ûÓ F∞¡Ÿx éπ©-°æúøç ´÷´‚™‰.3. Layout = The arrangement/

plan of the parts of a building / agroup of buildings / a garden /matter to be printed on a page =äéπ éπôdúøç (¶μº´†ç)/ éπôd-ú≈©Ææ´‚£æ«ç/ ûÓô-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ v°æù«-Réπ(àßË’ í∫ü¿’©’ áéπ\-úÁ-éπ\úø Ö†o-B®Ω’/ûÓô-™E îÁôx, ¢Á·éπ\© ´®Ω’-Ææ© Å´’-Jéπ, é¬Tûªç O’ü¿ ´·vCçîË N≠æßª’çÖçúË-B®Ω’.)

Enclave = Within a large area, a

smaller area where the people of aparticular group live = †í∫®Ωç/°æôdùç/ üË¨¡ç ™«çöÀ N¨»-©-¢Á’i† v°æüË-¨¡ç™, äÍé ñ«A/ ÆæçÆæ \%-AéÀ îÁçC†v°æï©’ éπ©Æœ éπô’dí¬ E´-ÆœçîË *†o-îÓô’.There is a Marwadi enclave in thenorth of the city = Ç †í∫®Ω Öûªh-®Ωç™´÷®√y-úŒ©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ E´-ÆœçîË v°æüË¨¡çÖçC.

é¬F ´’†-üË-¨¡ç™ Ñ È®çúø’´÷ô©†’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ äÍé-îÓô Ö†o É∞¡xÆæn™«-©èπ◊/ ¶μº´† Ææ´·-üΔ-ßª÷-©èπ◊/ v°æûËu-éÀç-*† Ææn™«-©èπ◊ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.Standard English™ Ñ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’.4. Arrest = Take a person to the

police station and keep themunder their control.

Custody = 1) Arrest a person andkeep them in jail till they are takento court.2) The responsibility of keeping a

child, or the records of anoffice.

Look at the following sentences from theconversation above:1) Neither is.2) Neither. I'll send my brother with the

message.3) Neither of us will be.4) I like neither.5) Nor do you act in time.6) And neither do you always.7) ... nor do you.

Important: 'Neither/ Neither of/ nor' alwaystakes a singular verb.a) Neither (of them) is here.b) Neither (of them) knows the answer.c) Neither (of them) has been selected.

PRATIBHA733-736

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