Observaon of Extragalacc Sources of Very High Energy Gamma ...semikoz/EGMF/Mirzoyan.pdf · •...

Observa(onofExtragalac(cSourcesofVeryHighEnergyGammaRays

RazmikMirzoyanMax‐Planck‐Ins(tuteforPhysics

Munich,Germany

Detec(onofVHEγradia(on

~1o

Par(cleshower

~10kmOriginalphoton

Detec(onarea≥5x104m²forasingletelescope

Forlargearraysdetec(onareacouldbe≥1km²

~120m

R.Mirzoyan:VHEExtragalac(cSources,EGMFTheory&Observa(onsMee(ng13.12.2010,APC,Paris

~1o

~10km

~120m

Imageintensity~showerE

X‐point‐impact

Imageshapes~par(cletype

Par(cleshower

Originalphoton

Detec(onofVHEγradia(on


MainPlayers

CANGAROOIII

MAGIC

H.E.S.S.

VERITAS

CANGAROOIIIH.E.S.S.

ar(stview MAGIC

Veritas


H.E.S.S.,VERITAS&MAGIC

H.E.S.S. MAGIC

#telescopes 4 2

Fieldofview 5° 3.5°

Reflectordiameter 12m 17m

Energythreshold 160GeV 55GeV(25GeV–specialtrigger)

Sensi(vity: 1.0%Crab(25h) 0.8%Crab(50h,E≥260GeV)

H.E.S.S.

ParametersofVERITASalmostmatchingthoseofH.E.S.S.


MILAGRO

Whereareweinground‐basedVHEγ‐astrophysics?

• The1ststrongsignal(9σ)reportedbytheWhippleteaminArizonawasmeasuredfromtheCrabNebulain1989• The1stExtragalac(csource(andthe2ndsourceatall)Mkn‐421wasreportedbytheWhippleteamin1992• Today,aher~20years,thereare117VHEgammasourcesreported(thisnumber,asofyesterday,wastakenfromhip://tevcat.uchicago.edu/)

H.E.S.S.,VERITAS,MAGIC


WhereareweinGeV‐TeVγ‐astrophysics?

TheFERMIsatellitemissionhasrevolu(onizedthe>100MeVγsky,aher2.5yearsofflightsome1500sourcesarereported


NumberofknownVHEextragalac(c

sourcesversustheredshih


NumberofVHEdiscoveredSourcesvs.(me

StarburstGalaxy:solvinglong‐standingpuzzle

• Oneexpectsγ fromthecentralpart:highrateofmassivestarforma(onCR(couldbelinked)

• VERITASdiscoveryofM82in137hobs.(Nature2009)

• Discoveredflux~predictedones

• CRdensity~250ev/cm³(~x500higherthaninMilkyWay)

• SN+massivestarwindsfavouriteCRproduc(onsites?

0.9%Crab,G~2.5(>700GeV),bothhadronande‐modelscouldcontributeintoemission.Radiosynchrotronfrome‐canconstraintheγflux@20GeV(assumingB=0.8nT)

M82D=4.3MpcØ=12.3kpc


StarburstgalaxyNGC253

•  Itsa„normal“spiralgalaxy•  Distanceis~2.5‐3.9Mpc•  Central(starburst)part

•  Fewx100pclarge•  Supernova‐Rate:~0.03/year(similartoMilkyWay)

•  Gasdensity:~600/cm³(~1200(meshigherthaninMilkyWay)

•  H.E.S.S.observa(onsrevealed–  0.6%CrabNebulaflux

Blue :DSSopMcalRed :ROSATX‐rayGreen :H.E.S.S.γ-signal

NGC253


M87

RadioGalaxies•  „Mis‐aligned“blazars

–  (FRI=BLLacs,FRII=FSRQ)•  Radiogalaxiesthataremeasuredin

VHEγ‘s:

– M‐87,CenA,IC310,NGC1275

M87


M87–GiantEllip(calRadioGalaxy

•  Distance:16.7Mpc

•  Jetangle:30°(ininnerregion<19°)

•  BlackHole:6x109Solarmass•  Giantouterlobs:0.2°x0.2°•  Highpolarisa(oninradio•  Superluminalmo(on•  Averyinteres(ng„nearby

laboratory“forstudying


M87PlasmaJet

•  Highlystructuredjetswithknots(shocks?)inRadio,op(cal,X‐rays•  Radio‐op(calsimilar

polarisa(on(alsoX‐rays?)

•  Variabilityscale:weeks–years•  Innerjet:superluminalmo(on~

2xc(rela(vis(cpar(cles)

•  Jetcanflare,fromradiotoX‐rays


M87:Radio+VHEInstruments

•  VLBAobservesM87jets@43GHz;jetforma(onof30x60Schwarzschildradii

VHEflareaccompaniedbyradioflarefromthereallyclosevicinityoftheBlackHolevicinity

Science(2009)


FlatSpectrumRadioQuasarPKS1222+216(4C21.35)

• DiscoveredrecentlybyMAGIC• z=0.432(aher3C2792ndmostdistant(reliablez)measuredsource)• measuredsignalstrength~8.5σin0.5h

• Alongwith3C279andPKS1510‐089thisisthe3rdFSRQ• Variability(mescale:~10’• SEDandlightcurveconflict

FERMI&MAGICdata:0.1–400GeV


Whenthesignalshowsintrinsicdelays


Andfast(mevariability


13.12.2010,APC,ParisR.Mirzoyan:VHEExtragalac(cSources,EGMFTheory&Observa(onsMee(ng

VHEAc(veGalac(cNuclei• Icouldcount27HBL,3LBL,4IBL+4radiogalaxies• Thesourcesappearfasterthantheirclassifica(onhappens• ~70%areHBL(non‐HBLcould„catch“mostlywhenflaring)• DuetoEBLabsorp(on,thresholdandsensi(vityissuesmostlysourcesareobserved<z=0.2• Distantblazarshardenthanexpected(hintonlowEBL‐level)• Variability(mescale≥2min.

Fossa(98

Mkn‐421FlareonJan.142010

AVHEinstrument(MAGIC)couldmeasurethespectrumofastrongsourceatenergiesaslowas~50GeVprovidinganoverlapwithaspace‐bornγinstrument(FERMI)


FullenergycoverageforselectedsourcesbyFERMI&aVHEinstrument


• Thisisanewqualitythatmanyofusweredreamingsincelongago

Oneneedss(lltoclarifysomecalibra(onissuesbetweentheverydifferenttechniques


Blazarmodeling

• MWLdataismandatory,bestfromradio(llVHEgammas• Thesourcesarehighlyvariable,SEDchanges• Whichmodelfitsbest,leptonicorhadronic,whichtypes?• ItbecameusualtostartaMWLwithLAT,SWIFT,AGILE,Chandra,XMM,RXTE,manyotherop(calandradiotelescopes

3C279

Mul(wavelengthcampaigns

ATOMRXTE/SwiV

Fermi

HESS

op(cal

X‐rays

Fermi&H.E.S.S.,arXiv:0903.2924

PKS2155‐304

• Op(cal,X‐rayandγobserva(onsoftheBlLacobjectPKS2155‐304• DataAugust‐September2008• Clearop(calVHEcorrela(onobserved• EvidenceofX‐rayandγspectralindexcorrela(on• Incontrarytopreviousobserva(onsnocorrela(oncouldbefoundbetweenX‐ray/VHE

SSCmodelsarefrequentlyinvokedforSEDsofBlLacs.Butinthiscasethesemodelsareatoddswiththecorrelatedvariabilityindifferentenergybands


Modelingsources


WComae(z=0.102)isanIBL.MWLinradio,Op(cal,+SWIFT,XMM,AGILE.SSCandSSC+ExternalIChasbeeninvoked.SimpleSSChasdifficul(es.SSC+IConthermalphotonsfromtheaccre(ondisccandescribesa(sfactory.X‐ray/TeVVariabilityondayscalemakesimportanttomeasuresimultaneously

VERITASdiscovery2008

Mrk‐501,TeVblazar.Drama(cTevandX‐rayflaresin1997.MostlygoodX‐ray/TeVcorrela(on.Sourceluminosityincreased,bothpeaksmovedtoright,providinghigherenergy(incontrasttoBlazarsequence).SomeX‐rayflareslackingTeVcounterpart.


VHEγAstrophysicsinFERMIEra• Flyingfew100kmhigh‐upandeverysixhourwatchingtheen(reskyandprovidinghintsorindica(onsforTeVinstruments(flux>30,50,80,100GeV)aboutwheretolook• AlreadynowaveryreachVHEsourceharvestthankstoFERMI!• FERMIprovidesinmostcasesthelowenergyspectrumcon(nua(onofwhattheground‐basedVHEinstrum.canobserve• Combinedpowerisverystrongforsourceunderstanding• Inluckycasesonecanobtainaspectrumstar(ngfrom0.1GeVandstretching(llseveraltensofTeVs,i.e.within5‐6ordersofmagnitudeinenergy!


MWLcrucialforstudyingsources

• BestissimultaneousMWLdataforSEDmodeling• ForHBLtheSSCseemsworkingwell,X‐ray/VHEcorrela(on,hardenw/fluxincrease• IBLusuallydetectedwhenflaring.SomeevidencethatSSC+ExternalComptoncanwork.• StrongEBLlimitsfromH.E.S.S.arefurthersupporetdbyrecentdata• From(meto(memajorflaresfromsomesourcesprovidingveryvalueabledata(M87,Mrk‐421,PKS1222,…)• ForM87theemissionzoneneartheBH• M82andNGC253couldprovideCRoriginrelatedinforma(on• Asideremark:thenet(varying)fluxfromthemen(onedsourcesis~ontheleveloffewxCrabNebula

ProbingEBLwithVHEphotons

MAGICScience(2008)

HistoryoftheUniversedefinestoday’EBLlevel

Relevantλ forEBL:0.2‐10µm

(seeD.Mazin‘stalkfordetails)


DarkMaierSearch(indirect)DMcandidatesourcecouldbe

•  DwarfspheriodalsDraco,UrsaMinor,Wilman1,Boötes1,CanisMajor,SagiiariusDwarf,..(highlight/massra(o)

•  Galac(ccenter•  Globularclusters•  LocalgroupgalaxiesM32,M33

•  Clustersofgalaxies:Perseus,...Thoughthees(matedIACTsensi(vityfailsby

fewordersofmagnitudefordetec(ngtheassumedtype„classical“DM,s(llitisachallengetomeasurethecandidates

•  IntermediatemassblackholesinMilkyWay


GammaRayBurstsandaherglow•  Veryinteres(ngforstudyingthe

rapidvariabilityofthemostluminousobjectsintheUniverse

•  Interes(ngforLIVstudies•  Couldhelpinmodelingthehigh‐

energyendofGRBs•  Propaga(onandabsorp(on

effectscouldbestudied

•  2popula(ons:<1sec.andfewtensofseconds;eventhelaierneedveryfastreac(on(me

•  Alsoaherglowhasahighchance13.12.2010,APC,Paris

R.Mirzoyan:VHEExtragalac(cSources,EGMFTheory&Observa(onsMee(ng

GRB050713AThetelescopestartedmeasuringin27sahertheGCNsignalarrived;nosignal

HaloAroundAGNSources


Mrk‐421Mrk‐501• 1stsuggestedbyAharonian,etal.,(1994)• Theideaisdevelopedfurtherbyseveralresearchers• VHEγscascadeonEBL/CMB• Thetrajectoriesofcreatede+e‐pairsbendintheextragalac(cmagne(cfield(EGMF)→anaddi(onal,extendedemissioncomponentcanappeararoundtheprojecteddirec(onofthesource• Alow‐levelsignalmayappearasaquiescentone

Bothcheckedsourcesarecompa(blewithapoint‐likesource.Upperlimiton4%CrablevelforMrk‐421.SomeConstraintsontheEGMFstrength.

MAGICdata MAGICdata

CherenkovTelescopeArray(CTA)Project

Thearrayiscurrentlyunderdesignandprototyping.~100telescopesof3differentsizesareplanedtobebuilt.Sensi(vityshouldbe5‐10highercomparedtocurrentmini‐arrays,muchweakersourcescouldbemeasured

IC310:1stHead‐TailGalaxyinTeVs


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