Nucleons in the Nuclear Environment · Two "Realms" of Nuclear Physics QCD land quarks + gluons +...
36
Transcript of Nucleons in the Nuclear Environment · Two "Realms" of Nuclear Physics QCD land quarks + gluons +...
Nuc
leon
s in
the
Nuc
lear
Env
iron
men
t"T
he n
ext s
even
yea
rs...
"
4 -
J/ψ
pro
duct
ion
Jef
fers
on L
ab U
ser’
s G
roup
Ann
ual M
eetin
g, J
une
18, 2
004
3 -
Qua
rk p
ropa
gatio
n
2 -
Col
or T
rans
pare
ncy
John
Arr
ingt
onA
rgon
ne N
atio
nal L
ab
1 -
The
EM
C e
ffec
t and
rel
ated
mea
sure
men
ts
Top
ic:
Stud
y of
nuc
leon
s (h
adro
ns, q
uark
s) in
nuc
lei
[S. K
uhn,
S. S
trau
ch, J
. Wat
son]
[D. D
utta
]
[W. B
rook
s]
[P. B
oste
d]
"Bea
m in
30
min
utes
or
it’s
fre
e"
Nuc
leon
s in
the
Nuc
lear
Env
iron
men
t"T
he n
ext s
even
yea
rs...
"
How
do
othe
r (e
xotic
?) h
adro
ns in
tera
ct w
ith th
e nu
cleu
s?
Jef
fers
on L
ab U
ser’
s G
roup
Ann
ual M
eetin
g, J
une
18, 2
004
How
do
nucl
eons
inte
ract
wit
h th
e nu
cleu
s?
Big
ger
ques
tion
: D
oes
QC
D m
atte
r in
the
rea
l wor
ld?
In th
e la
b (G
eV a
ccel
erat
ors)
, mat
ter
is q
uark
s "Bea
m in
30
min
utes
or
it’s
fre
e"
John
Arr
ingt
onA
rgon
ne N
atio
nal L
ab
In th
e re
al w
orld
, mat
ter
is h
adro
ns
Que
stio
ns f
or J
Lab
:
How
do
quar
ks in
tera
ct w
ith th
e nu
cleu
s?
Tw
o "R
ealm
s" o
f N
ucle
ar P
hysi
csQ
CD
land
quar
ks +
glu
ons
+ co
lor
Stro
ngly
attr
activ
e at
all
dist
ance
s:
1 G
eV/c
m =
18
tons
!>
1012
tim
es th
e co
ulom
b
attr
actio
n in
hyd
roge
n
Rea
l wor
ldnu
cleo
ns +
mes
ons
+ st
rong
inte
ract
ion
Mat
ter
cons
ists
of
colo
rles
sbo
und
stat
es o
f Q
CD
Qua
rk in
tera
ctio
ns c
ance
l at
larg
e di
stan
ces,
mak
ing
the
inte
ract
ions
of
hadr
ons
fini
te.
Don
’t o
bser
ve q
uark
s, g
luon
s, o
rco
lor
in tr
aditi
onal
nuc
lear
phy
sics
Pot
entia
l bet
wee
ntw
o nu
cleo
ns
r [f
m]
V(r
)
~1
fm
0
2.0
2.5
0.4
1.2
-0.40
0.8
-0.81.6
2.0
pote
ntia
l bet
wee
ntw
o qu
arks
0.5
1.0
1.5
r [f
m]
V(r
)[G
eV]
Qua
rks
have
bee
n sw
ept u
nder
a v
ery
heav
y (1
8 to
n) r
ug
Whe
n do
qua
rks
mat
ter?
We
do s
ee d
ensi
ty-d
epen
dent
eff
ects
in n
ucle
ar s
truc
ture
(E
MC
eff
ect)
Do
thes
e ef
fect
s ha
ve a
nyth
ing
to d
o w
ith th
e qu
arks
?
1
50
100
150
200
250
earl
y u
niv
erse
LH
C
RH
IC
SP
S
AG
S
SIS
ato
mic
nu
clei
neu
tro
n s
tars
chem
ical
fre
eze-
ou
t
ther
mal
fre
eze-
ou
t
had
ron
gas
qu
ark-
glu
on
pla
sma
dec
on
fin
emen
tch
iral
res
tora
tio
n
JLA
B12
25
0.3
NE
T B
AR
YO
N D
EN
SIT
Y (
0.17
GeV
/fm
3 )
8
temperature T (MeV)
Hig
h en
ergy
SLA
C, D
ESY
, LH
C...
Cos
mic
ray
s
Hig
h te
mpe
ratu
res
RH
IC?
Ear
ly u
nive
rse
Hig
h de
nsit
ies
Neu
tron
sta
rsN
ucle
i??
JLab
????
To
peek
und
er th
e ru
g, w
e ha
ve to
shi
ft th
e 18
ton
wei
ght a
t lea
st a
littl
e bi
t
CE
RN
≅ s
hift
ing
an 1
8 to
n w
eigh
t by
drop
ping
the
titan
ic o
n to
p of
it(t
itani
c=13
550
tons
=70
0 G
eV, (
som
e si
tes,
20-
40kt
ons)
iceb
erg=
150k
-300
k to
nnes
(8-
16 T
eV),
SL
AC
=50
GeV
=90
0 T
ons)
. SU
V=
2-3
(som
e 4)
tons
. 747
=43
5 to
ns.
The
Tita
nic
The
Iceb
erg
Med
ium
mod
ific
atio
ns to
nuc
leon
str
uctu
re?
EM
C e
ffec
t for
Iro
n (C
oppe
r)D
eple
tion
of
the
stru
ctur
efu
ncti
on f
or 0
.3<x
<0.8
The
mag
nitu
de o
f th
e ef
fect
incr
ease
s w
ith
size
/den
sity
The
x-d
epen
denc
e is
iden
tica
l for
all
nucl
ei
The
EM
C e
ffec
t ca
nnot
be
expl
aine
d by
con
vent
iona
l nuc
lear
phy
sics
...m
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Sm
ith
and
G. A
. Mil
ler,
PR
C 6
5:01
5211
(20
02)
Unl
ess
it c
an b
e ex
plai
ned
by c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
cs.
mos
t rec
entl
y -
J. R
ozyn
ek a
nd G
. Wil
k, N
PA
721
, 388
(20
03)
Rec
entl
y sh
own
that
...
It h
as b
een
clea
r fo
r so
me
time
that
bin
ding
, Fer
mi m
otio
n pl
ay im
port
ant r
oles
.D
o w
e ne
ed s
omet
hing
mor
e th
an c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
cs?
arXiv:nucl-th/0208039 v1 21 Aug 2002 arXiv:nucl-th/0208039 v1 21 Aug 2002
Wha
t els
e do
we
know
abo
ut m
ediu
m m
odif
icat
ions
?
The
Cou
lom
b Su
m R
ule
is f
ulfi
lled.
..J.
Jou
rdan
, NP
A 6
03, 1
17 (
1996
)J.
Car
lson
et a
l., P
LB
553
, 191
(20
03)
The
EM
C e
ffec
t ca
nnot
be
expl
aine
d by
con
vent
iona
l nuc
lear
phy
sics
...m
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Sm
ith
and
G. A
. Mil
ler,
PR
C 6
5:01
5211
(20
02)
Unl
ess
it c
an b
e ex
plai
ned
by c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
csm
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Roz
ynek
and
G. W
ilk,
NP
A 7
21, 3
88 (
2003
)
Qua
siel
astic
res
pons
e is
(ba
sica
lly)
noth
ing
mor
e th
an n
ucle
on e
last
icsc
atte
ring
+ n
ucle
on d
istr
ibut
ion
in n
ucle
us
Wha
t els
e do
we
know
abo
ut m
ediu
m m
odif
icat
ions
?
The
Cou
lom
b Su
m R
ule
is f
ulfi
lled.
..J.
Jou
rdan
, NP
A 6
03, 1
17 (
1996
)
Exc
ept
that
may
be it
isn’
t.J.
Mor
gens
tern
, Z.-
E. M
ezia
ni, P
LB
515
, 269
(20
01)
J. C
arls
on e
t al.,
PL
B 5
53, 1
91 (
2003
)
The
EM
C e
ffec
t ca
nnot
be
expl
aine
d by
con
vent
iona
l nuc
lear
phy
sics
...m
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Sm
ith
and
G. A
. Mil
ler,
PR
C 6
5:01
5211
(20
02)
Unl
ess
it c
an b
e ex
plai
ned
by c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
csm
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Roz
ynek
and
G. W
ilk,
NP
A 7
21, 3
88 (
2003
)
200
300
400
500
600
q eff (
MeV
/c)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
3 He
40C
a56
Fe20
8 Pb
56Fe
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
SL (qeff)
3 He
40C
a48
Ca
56Fe
208 P
b
1100
1200
56Fe
a) b)
Fig.
6
Inte
grat
ed q
uasi
elas
tic r
espo
nse
supp
ress
ed b
y ~3
0-40
%
Wha
t els
e do
we
know
abo
ut m
ediu
m m
odif
icat
ions
?
The
Cou
lom
b Su
m R
ule
is f
ulfi
lled.
..J.
Jou
rdan
, NP
A 6
03, 1
17 (
1996
)
Exc
ept
that
may
be it
isn’
t.J.
Mor
gens
tern
, Z.-
E. M
ezia
ni, P
LB
515
, 269
(20
01)
J. C
alrs
on e
t al.,
PL
B 5
53, 1
91 (
2003
)
G. V
an d
er S
teen
hove
n, e
t al.,
PR
L 5
7, 1
82 (
1986
) [
form
fact
or r
atio
in n
ucle
i]
The
EM
C e
ffec
t ca
nnot
be
expl
aine
d by
con
vent
iona
l nuc
lear
phy
sics
...m
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Sm
ith
and
G. A
. Mil
ler,
PR
C 6
5:01
5211
(20
02)
Unl
ess
it c
an b
e ex
plai
ned
by c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
csm
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Roz
ynek
and
G. W
ilk,
NP
A 7
21, 3
88 (
2003
)
GE/G
M m
odif
ied
for
nucl
eons
in a
nuc
leus
Nuc
leon
for
m f
acto
rs a
re m
odif
ied
in n
ucle
i...
Wha
t els
e do
we
know
abo
ut m
ediu
m m
odif
icat
ions
?
The
Cou
lom
b Su
m R
ule
is f
ulfi
lled.
..J.
Jou
rdan
, NP
A 6
03, 1
17 (
1996
)
Exc
ept
that
may
be it
isn’
t.J.
Mor
gens
tern
, Z.-
E. M
ezia
ni, P
LB
515
, 269
(20
01)
J. C
arls
on e
t al.,
PL
B 5
53, 1
91 (
2003
)
Nuc
leon
for
m f
acto
rs a
re m
odif
ied
in n
ucle
i...
G. V
an d
er S
teen
hove
n, e
t al.,
PR
L 5
7, 1
82 (
1986
) [
form
fact
or r
atio
in n
ucle
i]
Unl
ess
they
are
n’t.
T. D
. Coh
en, J
.W. V
an O
rden
, A. P
ickl
esim
er,
P
RL
59,
126
7 (1
987)
[fo
rm fa
ctor
rat
io in
nuc
lei]
The
EM
C e
ffec
t ca
nnot
be
expl
aine
d by
con
vent
iona
l nuc
lear
phy
sics
...m
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Sm
ith
and
G. A
. Mil
ler,
PR
C 6
5:01
5211
(20
02)
Unl
ess
it c
an b
e ex
plai
ned
by c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
csm
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Roz
ynek
and
G. W
ilk,
NP
A 7
21, 3
88 (
2003
)
I. S
ick,
NP
A 4
34, 6
77 (
1985
)R
.W. M
cKeo
wn,
PR
L 5
6, 1
452
(198
6)
[
y-sc
alin
g li
mit
s]
DE
AD
EN
D?
Wha
t do
we
real
ly k
now
abo
ut m
ediu
m m
odif
icat
ions
?
The
Cou
lom
b Su
m R
ule
is f
ulfi
lled.
..J.
Jou
rdan
, NP
A 6
03, 1
17 (
1996
)
Exc
ept
that
may
be it
isn’
t.J.
Mor
gens
tern
, Z.-
E. M
ezia
ni, P
LB
515
, 269
(20
01)
J. C
arls
on e
t al.,
PL
B 5
53, 1
91 (
2003
)
Nuc
leon
for
m f
acto
rs a
re m
odif
ied
in n
ucle
i...
G. V
an d
er S
teen
hove
n, e
t al.,
PR
L 5
7, 1
82 (
1986
) [
form
fact
or r
atio
in n
ucle
i]
Unl
ess
they
are
n’t.
T. D
. Coh
en, J
.W. V
an O
rden
, A. P
ickl
esim
er,
P
RL
59,
126
7 (1
987)
[fo
rm fa
ctor
rat
io in
nuc
lei]
The
EM
C e
ffec
t ca
nnot
be
expl
aine
d by
con
vent
iona
l nuc
lear
phy
sics
...m
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Sm
ith
and
G. A
. Mil
ler,
PR
C 6
5:01
5211
(20
02)
Unl
ess
it c
an b
e ex
plai
ned
by c
onve
ntio
nal n
ucle
ar p
hysi
csm
ost r
ecen
tly
- J.
Roz
ynek
and
G. W
ilk,
NP
A 7
21, 3
88 (
2003
)
Jeff
erso
n L
ab n
eeds
to d
o m
ore
than
just
impr
ove
a fe
w m
easu
rem
ents
...
I. S
ick,
NP
A 4
34, 6
77 (
1985
)R
.W. M
cKeo
wn,
PR
L 5
6, 1
452
(198
6)
[
y-sc
alin
g li
mit
s]
The
eff
ects
are
sm
all
The
exp
erim
ents
are
har
d
The
theo
ry is
ver
y co
mpl
icat
ed
3) I
nven
t ne
w t
echn
ique
s
Pro
be h
igh-
dens
ity c
ompo
nent
s of
nuc
leus
(SR
Cs)
Mea
sure
EM
C e
ffec
t as
a fu
nctio
n of
loca
l den
sity
Wha
t can
Jef
fers
on L
ab d
o?
1) I
mpr
ove
a fe
w m
easu
rem
ents
Cou
lom
b su
m r
ule
2) M
ake
new
mea
sure
men
tsF
orm
fac
tor
mod
ific
atio
n by
pol
ariz
atio
n tr
ansf
er
(bet
ter
tech
niqu
es)
y-sc
alin
g lim
its o
n nu
cleo
n ‘s
wel
ling’
EM
C e
ffec
t
(bra
nd n
ew id
eas)
(bet
ter
faci
lity
)
EM
C e
ffec
t in
the
reso
nanc
e re
gion
1.2
< W
2 < 3
.0Q
2 ≅ 4
GeV
2
Indi
catio
n of
dif
fere
nt s
hape
for
Car
bon
at la
rge
x
Any
dev
iatio
n fr
om th
e D
IS r
esul
tsh
ould
be
even
sm
alle
r at
6 G
eV
Iden
tical
nuc
lear
dep
ende
nce
in D
IS a
nd r
eson
ance
reg
imes
!
Con
sequ
ence
of
prec
ise
dual
ity?
EM
C e
ffec
t - p
urel
y ha
dron
ic?
Rel
axin
g th
e D
IS li
mit
appe
ars
to y
ield
iden
tical
res
ults
, with
impr
oved
pre
cisi
on a
t lar
ge x
E89
-008
(4
GeV
) -
EM
C e
ffec
t in
very
ligh
t nuc
lei
F2(
A)/
F2(
D)
- V
ary
wit
h A
or
<ρA>
?
New
mea
sure
men
ts p
lann
ed f
or 3 H
e an
d 4 H
e:
The
sha
pe in
3 He,
4 He
will
pro
vide
a n
ew w
ay t
o te
st t
he e
xist
ing
mod
els
SLA
C f
it t
o he
avy
nucl
ei(s
cale
d to
3 He)
Cal
cula
tion
s by
Pan
dhar
ipan
dean
d B
enha
r fo
r 3 H
e an
d 4 H
e
x-de
pend
ence
sam
e fo
r al
l nuc
lei?
E01
-001
, Hal
l C,
Sept
embe
r 20
04
Pro
vide
mor
e in
form
atio
n on
the
A-d
epen
denc
eA
llow
com
pari
son
to m
odel
s in
exa
ct f
ew-b
ody
calc
ulat
ions
Ext
endi
ng E
MC
eff
ect m
easu
rem
ents
to F
2 and
R=
σ L/σ
T
RA/R
D f
rom
HE
RM
ES
Rp f
rom
JL
ab[E
99-1
18]
Add
ition
al e
xper
imen
ts a
ppro
ved
to m
easu
re R
D [
E02
-109
] an
d R
A [
E04
-001
]
Are
nuc
lear
eff
ects
iden
tical
in F
L a
nd F
2 ?
[als
o E
94-1
10, E
00-0
02]
Prelim
inary
Bey
ond
"The
EM
C E
ffec
t"So
me
mod
els,
e.g
. Qua
rk-M
eson
Cou
plin
g m
odel
(T
hom
as, e
t al.)
, pre
dict
mod
ifie
d nu
cleo
n fo
rm fa
ctor
s as
a c
onse
quen
ce (
or c
ause
) of
the
EM
C e
ffec
t
Prev
ious
atte
mpt
s to
look
for
nuc
leon
for
m f
acto
r m
odif
icat
ion
had
mix
ed r
esul
ts-
Nuc
lear
eff
ects
larg
e fo
r qu
asie
last
ic c
ross
sec
tion
mea
sure
men
ts
JLab
lum
inos
ity, p
olar
izat
ion,
pol
arim
etry
-->
Stu
dy in
-med
ium
for
m f
acto
rs
usin
g th
e po
lari
zatio
n tr
ansf
er te
chni
que
- A
lmos
t no
sens
itivi
ty to
GE a
t lar
ge Q
2 (e.
g. y
-sca
ling
limits
)
If n
ucle
on m
odif
icat
ion
expl
ains
the
EM
C e
ffec
t, w
hy p
robe
nuc
lei?
Pro
be n
ucle
ons!
15-2
0%
30-3
5%
E93
-049
(H
all A
): C
ompa
re R
=G
E/G
M o
f a
boun
d pr
oton
to G
E/G
M o
f a
free
pro
ton
Nuc
lear
eff
ects
are
sm
all
(do
tted
and
dash
ed li
nes)
Dat
a ar
e sy
stem
atic
ally
~10%
bel
ow c
alcu
latio
nsw
ithou
t mod
ific
atio
n
Indi
catio
n of
mod
ifie
d fo
rm f
acto
rs in
a n
ucle
us
E03
-104
app
rove
d by
PA
C24
to m
ake
addi
tiona
l, hi
gh p
reci
sion
mea
sure
men
ts
Pola
riza
tion
tran
sfer
in 4 H
e(e,
e’p)
3 He
[S. S
trau
ch -
Det
ails
on
the
phys
ics,
exp
erim
ent,
mod
els]
* T
his
may
be
orig
in o
f E
MC
eff
ect,
med
ium
mod
ific
atio
ns
The
se f
luct
uatio
ns p
rovi
de a
sm
all h
igh-
dens
ity c
ompo
nent
(sh
ort-
rang
e co
rrel
atio
ns)
Cra
zy N
ew id
eas:
Pro
be e
ven
high
er d
ensi
ties
Ave
rage
nuc
lear
den
sity
isa
few
tim
es s
mal
ler
than
the
criti
cal d
ensi
ty
* W
e ca
n tr
y to
isol
ate
SRC
s to
pro
be h
igh
dens
ity m
atte
r
1
50
100
150
200
250
earl
y u
niv
erse
LH
C
RH
IC
SP
S
AG
S
SIS
ato
mic
nu
clei
neu
tro
n s
tars
chem
ical
fre
eze-
ou
t
ther
mal
fre
eze-
ou
t
had
ron
gas
qu
ark-
glu
on
pla
sma
dec
on
fin
emen
tch
iral
res
tora
tio
n
JLA
B12
25
0.3
NE
T B
AR
YO
N D
EN
SIT
Y (
0.17
GeV
/fm
3 )
8
temperature T (MeV)
Low
tem
pera
ture
high
den
sity
A n
ucle
us is
a d
ynam
ic s
yste
m, w
ith lo
cal f
luct
uatio
ns in
den
sity
If S
RC
s ar
e th
e so
urce
of
the
EM
C e
ffec
t, w
hy p
robe
nuc
lei?
Pro
be S
RC
s in
stea
d!
Hig
h D
ensi
ty C
onfi
gura
tions
nucl
eon
char
ge r
adiu
s ~
0.86
fm
Ave
. sep
arat
ion
~1.7
fm
in h
eavy
nuc
lei
Nuc
leon
s ar
e al
read
y cl
osel
y pa
cked
in n
ucle
i
Nuc
leon
sep
arat
ion
is li
mite
d by
the
shor
t ran
ge r
epul
sive
cor
e
Ave
rag
en
ucl
ear
den
sity
1.7
fm s
epar
atio
n
Pot
entia
l bet
wee
ntw
o nu
cleo
ns
r [f
m]
V(r
)
~1 f
m
0
1.2
fm s
epar
atio
n
3x n
ucl
ear
mat
ter
0.6
fm s
epar
atio
n
>5 t
imes
nu
clea
r m
atte
rd
ensi
ties
For
a 1
fm s
epar
atio
n (t
ypic
al f
or S
RC
s),
the
cent
ral d
ensi
ty is
~4x
nuc
lear
mat
ter.
Com
para
ble
to n
eutr
on s
tar
dens
ities
!
War
ning
: po
rtio
ns o
f the
per
son
seat
ed n
ext t
o yo
u ar
e at
neut
ron
star
den
siti
es a
nd m
ay c
olla
pse
wit
hout
war
ning
Wit
h no
deg
ener
acy
to k
eep
you
from
col
laps
ing
in u
pon
your
self
at a
ny m
omen
tT
he p
erso
n si
ttin
g ne
xt to
you
cou
ld c
olla
pse
at a
ny m
omen
t, w
itho
ut w
arni
ng!
�
00.
511.
522.
533.
54
11.
21.
41.
61.
82
RC12
He3
Q2 <1
.4
XB
RC12
He3
Q2 >1
.4
00.
511.
522.
533.
5
11.
21.
41.
61.
82
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2.53
11.
21.
41.
61.
82
RHe4
He3Q
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XB
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RFe
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How
to is
olat
e SR
Cs?
- A
(e,e
’) a
t x>
1
Incl
usiv
e sc
atte
ring
fro
m n
ucle
i at x
>1
is d
omin
ated
by
quas
iela
stic
sca
tteri
ng
In a
PW
IA a
naly
sis,
you
can
ext
ract
the
nucl
eon
mom
entu
m d
istr
ibut
ion
Mom
entu
m d
istr
ibut
ion
at v
ery
high
mom
entu
m h
as s
ame
shap
efo
r de
uter
on a
nd h
eavy
nuc
lei
Deu
tero
n a
ndn
ucl
ear
mat
ter
calc
ulat
ions
.
Deu
tero
n a
nd Ir
on
fits
to 4
GeV
dat
a(y
-sca
ling
anal
ysis
)
Hal
l C: E
89-0
08 (
4 G
eV)
E02
-019
pro
ject
ed (
5.7
GeV
)H
all B
: Rat
io o
f A/3 H
e an
d S
LAC
, Hal
l C: A
/2 HR
atio
con
stan
t for
x>
1.5,
Q2 >
1.4
x=1
x=1.
5
Q2 , G
eV2
F2 /A 10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
02
46
810
1214
FF
e2
/A
MF
+m
ulti-
nucl
eon
Fra
nkfu
rt a
nd S
trik
man
MF
+2N
Fra
nkfu
rt, D
ay, S
args
ian,
and
Str
ikm
an
Mea
n fie
ld
2N s
hort
-ran
ge c
orre
latio
ns
How
to p
robe
SR
Cs?
- A
(e,e
’) a
t x>
1
Incl
usiv
e D
IS -
-> q
uark
PD
Fs
Nee
d da
ta o
n lig
ht n
ucle
i to
allo
w s
epar
atio
n of
nuc
lear
effe
cts
from
2N
, 3N
cor
rela
tions
.
JLab
12
GeV
-->
DIS
sca
tteri
ng a
t x>
1
-->
PD
F fo
r SR
C
Red
cur
ve: 2 H
= p
+ n
Blu
e cu
rve:
2 H =
0.9
5(p+
n) +
0.0
5(6q
)
Deu
tero
n pr
ovid
es c
lean
est s
igna
ture
Exp
ect a
ny ‘
quar
k-m
ixin
g’ b
etw
een
nucl
eons
to in
crea
se s
tren
gth
at la
rge
x
Hea
vy n
ucle
i may
yie
ld la
rger
sig
nals
,bu
t nee
d be
tter
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
SR
Cs
for
hadr
onic
‘ba
selin
e’
F2(
x)
Inel
asti
c do
min
ated
for
JLab
12
kine
mat
ics
Incl
usiv
e x>
1 --
> is
olat
e SR
C
SRC
s pr
ovid
e a
high
-den
sity
com
pone
nt in
nuc
lei
I
mpo
rtan
t to
unde
rsta
nd th
eir
impa
ct o
n nu
clea
r st
ruct
ure
M
ore
than
just
as
a ba
selin
e w
hen
look
ing
for
‘exo
tic’
effe
cts
(we
unde
rsta
nd d
eute
ron
as p
+n)
cross section (fb/(MeV/c) )
0
50
10
0p
na
)
pn
b)
Da
ta 5P
WIA
1 B
od
y
Fu
ll
(
Ge
V/c
)re
lP
00
.20
.40
.6
cross section (fb/(MeV/c) )
0
10
20
30
pp
c)
(
Ge
V/c
)to
tP
00
.20
.40
.60
.8
pp
d)
Stud
ies
of S
hort
-Ran
ge C
orre
latio
nsIn
clus
ive
A(e
,e’)
at
larg
e x
E00
-102
ext
ende
d 16
O(e
,e’p
) m
easu
rem
ents
A(e
,e’p
) at
larg
e P
m a
nd A
(e,e
’NN
)Se
nsit
ive
to n
ucle
on m
omen
tum
dis
trib
utio
n
Ver
y la
rge
kine
mat
ic r
ange
Sens
itiv
e to
2-N
vs.
mul
ti-n
ucle
on S
RC
s
Sens
itiv
e to
siz
e of
SR
Cs
Sens
itiv
e to
the
ful
l spe
ctra
l fun
ctio
n
Mor
e lim
ited
kin
emat
ic r
ange
Sens
itiv
e to
2-N
vs.
mul
ti-n
ucle
on S
RC
s
Sens
itiv
e to
det
ails
of
SRC
s
E02
-019
will
exp
and
kine
mat
ic r
ange
,
add
3 He
and
4 He
to b
ette
r st
udy
2N v
s.
mul
ti-nu
cleo
n co
rrel
atio
ns
Hal
l B, 3 H
ebr
eaku
p
Com
plet
ed m
easu
rem
ents
: SL
AC
, JL
ab H
alls
B,C
Com
plet
ed m
easu
rem
ents
: JL
ab H
alls
A, B
, C
Scal
ing
regi
onQ
2 > 3
GeV
2
E02
-019
(Se
p 20
04)
E89
-008
SLA
C
E01
-015
will
mea
sure
A(e
,e’N
N)
for
heav
ier
nu
clei
at h
igh
Q2
[Det
ails
- J
. Wat
son]
Prob
ing
SRC
s, p
art 2
: Tag
ged
EM
C e
ffec
t
EM
C e
ffec
t: st
ruct
ure
of a
nuc
leus
as
a f
unct
ion
of a
vera
ge n
ucle
ar d
ensi
ty
Tag
ged
EM
C e
ffec
t: st
ruct
ure
of a
SR
C a
s a
fun
ctio
n of
loca
l den
sity
01
00
20
03
00
40
00
.8
0.8
5
0.9
0.9
51
1.0
5
|p|
(MeV
/c)
x=0.3
x=0.6
Rn
0.4
0.5
Rn =
Fbo
und
2 /
Ffree
2
Stri
ke n
eutr
on in
2 H, t
ag p
roto
n
Sm
all P
S -
-> ~
free
neu
tron
Larg
e P
S -
-> Is
olat
e S
RC
s(h
igh-
dens
ity c
onfig
urat
ion)
Spec
tato
r pr
oton
act
s as
a‘k
nob’
we
can
use
to v
ary
the
dens
ity o
f th
e pa
ir
For
low
spe
ctat
or m
omen
tum
, R ≅
1N
ucle
ar e
ffec
ts m
uch
larg
er f
or
high
-mom
entu
m s
pect
ator
s
Prot
on a
t θ≅1
80o -
-> s
pect
ator
(
reco
nstr
uct i
nitia
l nuc
leon
)
Prot
on a
t low
mom
entu
m -
->
supp
ress
FSI
, off
-she
ll ef
fect
s
~EM
Cef
fect
for
Car
bon
Prel
imin
ary
resu
lts (
high
spe
ctat
or m
omen
tum
- h
igh
dens
ity)
in <
40 m
inut
es [
S. K
uhn]
E03
-012
: BoN
uS (
low
spe
ctat
or m
omen
tum
- f
ree
neut
ron)
200
5
Nuc
leon
s in
Hig
h D
ensi
ty M
atte
r:th
e E
MC
eff
ect a
nd b
eyon
d
Impr
oved
exp
erim
ents
of
the
EM
C e
ffec
t
Prob
e in
tern
al s
truc
ture
of
high
den
sity
con
figu
ratio
n
New
exp
erim
ents
, not
pos
sibl
e be
fore
JL
ab
Impr
oved
pre
cisi
on f
or E
MC
eff
ect a
t lar
ge x
EM
C e
ffec
t for
bot
h F 2
and
R
EM
C e
ffec
t in
few
-bod
y nu
clei
(be
tter
calc
ulat
ions
, dif
fere
nt s
hape
)
Mea
sure
dis
trib
utio
n of
sup
erfa
st q
uark
s (D
IS a
t x>
1)
Hal
l B: u
se C
LA
S to
tag
high
-p s
pect
ator
s
in
depe
nden
t low
-p ta
gger
(B
ON
US)
Tag
hig
h-m
omen
tum
spe
ctat
or to
isol
ate
high
den
sity
SR
Cs,
low
-mom
entu
m s
pect
ator
to is
olat
e al
mos
t fre
e nu
cleo
ns
Nuc
leon
for
m f
acto
rs in
side
of
a nu
cleu
s
New
way
s to
mea
sure
nuc
leon
mod
ific
atio
n
Bet
ter
mea
sure
men
ts o
f C
oulo
mb
sum
rul
eB
ette
r lim
its o
n nu
cleo
n ‘s
wel
ling’
Thi
s is
not
you
r fa
ther
’s O
ldsm
obile
EM
C e
ffec
t
Why
sto
p w
ith n
ucle
ons?
We
can
put o
ther
stu
ff in
nuc
lei
How
do
othe
r (e
xoti
c?)
hadr
ons
inte
ract
wit
h th
e nu
cleu
s?
How
do
quar
ks in
tera
ct w
ith
the
nucl
eus?
Intr
insi
cally
sm
all h
adro
ns -
sub
-thr
esho
ld J
/ψ p
rodu
ctio
n
Qua
rk p
ropa
gatio
n, q
uark
had
roni
zatio
n in
a h
adro
nic
med
ium
Exa
min
e Q
CD
in o
ther
‘ex
trem
e’ c
ases
Loo
k fo
r Q
CD
(co
lor)
deg
rees
of
free
dom
in n
ucle
i
"Nuc
leon
s in
the
Nuc
lear
Env
iron
men
t"
Poin
t-lik
e co
nfig
urat
ions
- C
olor
Tra
nspa
renc
y
Col
or T
rans
pare
ncy
pQC
D p
redi
cts
that
a h
adro
n in
a p
oint
-lik
e co
nfig
urat
ion
(PL
C)
will
hav
e a
very
sm
all c
olor
inte
ract
ion
due
to th
e ca
ncel
latio
n of
the
colo
r ch
arge
Stan
dard
exa
mpl
e: P
roto
n kn
ocko
ut r
eact
ion
-For
m P
LC
in h
ard,
exc
lusi
ve in
tera
ctio
n [
requ
ires
hig
h-Q
2 . How
hig
h?]
-PL
C tr
avel
s th
roug
h nu
cleu
s [
requ
ires
PL
C to
‘su
rviv
e’ ~
1 fm
or
mor
e]
-PL
C h
as r
educ
ed in
tera
ctio
n w
ith n
ucle
us -
-> r
educ
ed a
bsor
ptio
n [
extr
act t
rans
pare
ncy
= σ
A /
σ H a
s fu
nctio
n of
Q2 ]
A w
ell d
esig
ned
set o
f ex
peri
men
ts c
an s
tudy
the
form
atio
n, e
volu
tion,
and
inte
ract
ion
of th
is e
xotic
QC
D s
tate
-Ana
logo
us to
sm
all e
lect
ric
dipo
le-T
wo
quar
ks -
-> e
xpec
t eas
ier
form
atio
n of
PL
Cex
pect
slo
wer
evo
lutio
n ba
ck to
nor
mal
siz
e
CT
in a
qqq
sys
tem
:-N
o an
alog
ous
stat
e in
QE
D
Tra
nspa
renc
y vs
. Q2 :
Var
y P
LC
for
mat
ion,
life
tim
e, C
olor
Tra
nspa
renc
y
CT
in m
eson
s vs
. bar
yons
: Se
para
te C
T f
rom
PL
C f
orm
atio
n/lif
etim
eT
rans
pare
ncy
vs.
A:
Stud
y L
ifet
ime
(evo
luti
on)
of t
he P
LC
So f
ar, n
o un
ambi
guou
s ev
iden
ce f
or C
T in
bar
yons
Lim
ited
evi
denc
e in
mes
on (
π, ρ
) at
tenu
atio
n [H
ER
ME
S, J
Lab
]Si
gnal
in j
et p
rodu
ctio
n at
FN
AL
Indi
cate
s fu
ll C
T b
y Q
2 ≅ 1
0 G
eV2
Dif
fere
nt m
echa
nism
for
PL
C f
orm
atio
n th
en in
kno
ckou
t rea
ctio
ns[M
ore
deta
ils
- D
. Dut
ta]
Col
or T
rans
pare
ncy:
Mes
ons
vs. B
aryo
ns
CT
in a
syst
em:
Col
or T
rans
pare
ncy:
Res
catte
ring
vs.
atte
nuat
ion
With
out r
esca
tteri
ng, A
(e,e
’p)
map
s ou
t spe
ctra
l fun
ctio
n
-->
Lar
ger
sign
al0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.080.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.180.2
02
46
810
1214
1618
20
Cross Section Ratio
Q2 (G
eV2 )
D(e
,e‘p
)N
o C
T
CT
(II)
CT
(I)
JLA
B 1
2 G
eV
Res
catte
ring
dom
inat
es f
or la
rge
P m
-->
Ins
ensi
tive
to
PL
C e
volu
tion
beyo
nd ~
1 fm
L
arge
kin
emat
ic r
ange
at 1
2 G
eV, a
lrea
dy h
ave
som
e re
sults
fro
m H
all B
[K
. Egi
yan
- th
urs.
mor
ning
]
Col
or T
rans
pare
ncy
in m
eson
res
catte
ring
Mes
on -
-> P
LC
for
mat
ion
is e
asie
r
�
� ����
������� �
� ��
� �� �
�
�� ��
��������
�
� ����
���� ������ �
����
�� � ��� �
�
��� � ���������
�
�� ��
����
�����
�� ��
By
com
bini
ng d
iffe
rent
mea
sure
men
ts...
Res
catte
ring
-->
~in
depe
nden
t of
P
LC
evo
lutio
n
PLC
for
mat
ion
PLC
evo
lutio
nR
educ
ed c
olor
inte
ract
ion
Mes
on v
s. B
aryo
nK
nock
out v
s. R
esca
tteri
ngQ
2 - an
d A
-dep
ende
nce
we
can
dise
ntan
gle
the
rele
vant
eff
ects
Q2 (
GeV
/c)2
R=σ(-t=0.8)/σ(-t=0.4) 0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.090.
1
0.11
00.
51
1.5
22.
53
3.5
44.
55
D(e
,e’ρ
)
JLab
12: H
all B
Qua
rk p
ropa
gatio
n th
roug
h N
ucle
i
If D
OE
off
ered
us
an a
ccel
erat
or w
ith th
ese
para
met
ers,
we
wou
ld b
e cr
azy
to p
ass
it up
, eve
n if
it ta
kes
som
eha
rd w
ork
to in
terp
ret a
ll of
the
mea
sure
men
ts!
Incl
usiv
e D
IS m
easu
rem
ents
are
"fi
re a
nd f
orge
t"H
igh
ener
gy v
irtu
al p
hoto
n hi
ts "
free
" qu
ark
-->
sca
ling,
qua
rk d
istr
ibut
ion
func
tions
, etc
...
The
"fr
ee"
quar
k di
sapp
ears
into
the
ethe
r af
ter
it is
str
uck
We
crea
te a
nd t
hen
disc
ard
a ta
gged
qua
rk b
eam
insi
de o
f a
targ
et n
ucle
usby
req
uiri
ng t
hat
the
reac
tion
be
a Q
CD
-fre
e zo
ne
Qua
rk in
tera
ctio
n (e
nerg
y lo
ss, r
esca
tteri
ng)
with
hig
h-de
nsity
had
roni
c m
atte
rE
ffec
t of
the
nucl
ear
med
ium
on
quar
k ha
dron
izat
ion
We
coul
d us
e th
is ‘
‘bea
m’’
to
stud
y...
Incl
usiv
e sc
atte
ring
fro
m p
arto
ns is
cle
an a
nd s
impl
e, Q
CD
is n
ot
E02
-104
(H
all B
, spr
ing
2004
):M
easu
red
prod
ucti
on o
f π0 , π
+/- , K
+/- , p
HE
RM
ES
has
mad
e su
ch m
easu
rem
ents
,bu
t with
rel
ativ
ely
low
lum
inos
ity, a
nd(f
or th
e fi
rst f
ew y
ears
) m
ostly
for
the
prot
on a
nd d
eute
ron
to s
tudy
att
enua
tion
, had
roni
zati
on,
from
deu
teri
um, c
arbo
n, ir
on, t
in, l
ead
as a
fun
ctio
n of
ν, q
, z, p
T
and
tra
nsve
rse
mom
entu
m b
road
enin
g
[360
det
ails
- W
. Bro
oks]
E02
-104
(H
all B
, spr
ing
2004
):M
easu
red
prod
ucti
on o
f π0 , π
+/- , K
+/- , p
6
hadr
ons
x 5
targ
ets
x 4
vari
able
sx
3 to
pics
HE
RM
ES
has
mad
e su
ch m
easu
rem
ents
,bu
t with
rel
ativ
ely
low
lum
inos
ity, a
nd(f
or th
e fi
rst f
ew y
ears
) m
ostly
for
the
prot
on a
nd d
eute
ron
to s
tudy
att
enua
tion
, had
roni
zati
on,
from
deu
teri
um, c
arbo
n, ir
on, t
in, l
ead
as a
fun
ctio
n of
ν, q
, z, p
T
and
tra
nsve
rse
mom
entu
m b
road
enin
g
Qu
ark
pro
pag
atio
n t
hro
ug
h N
ucl
ei
E02
-104
: A d
edic
ated
, hig
h-lu
min
osity
stu
dy o
f qu
ark
prop
agat
ion
at 5
GeV
12 G
eV u
pgra
deL
arge
r ki
nem
atic
ran
ge
Sim
pler
inte
rpre
tatio
nE
xpec
t fac
tori
zatio
n to
be
a be
tter
appr
oxim
atio
n at
hig
her
ener
gy
J/ψ
pro
duct
ion
Vir
tual
ly n
o ch
arm
qua
rks
in n
ucle
ons
Unu
sual
bou
nd s
tate
of
QC
D
Qua
rk e
xcha
nge
supp
ress
ed
Smal
l siz
e --
> w
eake
r in
tera
ctio
n
co
lor
Van
der
Waa
ls in
tera
ctio
n
2-gl
uon
exch
ange
dom
inat
es -
sen
sitiv
e to
sho
rt
rang
e ef
fect
s (e
.g.h
idde
n co
lor)
Intr
insi
cally
sm
all s
ize
c-c
pair
Pro
be o
f co
lor
inte
ract
ion
Pro
be o
f ex
otic
col
orco
nfig
urat
ions
in n
ucle
i
[Det
ails
- P
. Bos
ted]
J/ψ
pro
paga
tion
in c
old
hadr
onic
mat
ter
wel
l kno
wn
Litt
le is
kno
wn
abou
t it’
s in
tera
ctio
nsJ/
ψ s
uppr
essi
on a
n im
port
ant s
igna
ture
for
QG
P fo
rmat
ion
Exo
tic e
ffec
ts h
ave
been
obs
erve
d at
cha
rm th
resh
old
Poss
ible
sou
rce
of a
ppar
ent ’
CT
’ si
gnat
ure
in B
rook
have
n (p
,2p)
dat
a?L
arge
asy
mm
etry
in d
oubl
e-po
lari
zed
prot
on-p
roto
n sc
atte
ring
J/ψ
pro
duct
ion
in N
ucle
i
Mea
sure
J/ψ
pro
duct
ion
for
vari
ous
nucl
ei
Smal
l siz
e --
> w
eake
r in
tera
ctio
n
co
lor
Van
der
Waa
ls in
tera
ctio
n
Atte
nuat
ion
-->
ψ-N
cro
ss s
ectio
n
Unu
sual
rea
ctio
n m
echa
nism
-->
sen
sitiv
e to
sm
all c
ompo
nent
s of
nuc
lear
str
uctu
re
�
�
�
yg
��������� ��
�������
������
� g
�
� ��
� �����
�
� �
γ
��� � �
�� ψ
� �
Prob
e ’h
idde
n co
lor’
in n
ucle
usO
bser
ve in
sub
-thr
esho
ld p
rodu
ctio
n fr
om S
RC
E03
-008
(Hal
l C):
Cur
rent
dat
a co
me
from
hig
h en
ergy
mea
sure
men
ts -
nee
d to
dis
enta
ngle
atte
nuat
ion
from
for
mat
ion/
cohe
renc
ele
ngth
eff
ects
Is h
avin
g ev
ery
nucl
eon
be in
a c
olor
sing
let s
tate
the
only
way
for
a n
ucle
usto
be
in a
col
or s
ingl
et s
tate
?
- J/
ψ p
rodu
ctio
n an
d at
tenu
atio
n ar
e in
put t
o Q
GP
sea
rche
s
- ν-
osci
llatio
n an
d sc
atte
ring
mea
sure
men
ts: n
eed
form
fac
tors
,
stru
ctur
e fu
nctio
n, m
odel
s of
nuc
lear
eff
ects
to in
terp
ret r
esul
ts
- Q
uark
deg
rees
of
free
dom
in m
atte
r at
hig
h de
nsity
Exp
erim
ents
in n
ucle
i ope
n up
uniq
ue n
ew w
indo
ws
on Q
CD
in n
ucle
i (nu
clea
r st
ruct
ure)
:
- C
olor
deg
rees
of
free
dom
in n
ucle
i (hi
dden
col
or)
Prog
ram
is n
ot li
mite
d to
lear
ning
abo
ut th
e "r
eal w
orld
":
- C
old,
den
se m
atte
r im
port
ant f
or n
eutr
on s
tars
/ast
roph
ysic
s
Doe
s Q
CD
mat
ter
in th
e "r
eal w
orld
"?
Fina
lly, t
his
phys
ics
has
appl
icat
ions
to o
ther
are
as o
f fu
ndam
enta
l res
earc
h:
1
50
100
150
200
250
ea
rly
un
ive
rse
LH
C
RH
IC
SP
S
AG
S
SIS
ato
mic
nu
cle
in
eu
tro
n s
tars
ch
em
ica
l fr
ee
ze-o
ut
the
rma
l fr
ee
ze-o
ut
ha
dro
n g
as
qu
ark
-glu
on
pla
sm
a
de
co
nfi
ne
me
nt
ch
ira
l re
sto
rati
on
JLA
B12
25
0.3
NE
T B
AR
YO
N D
EN
SIT
Y (
0.17
GeV
/fm
3 )
8
temperature T (MeV)
- C
ompl
emen
ts R
HIC
/LH
C s
tudi
es o
f Q
CD
at h
igh
tem
pera
ture
- Pr
ovid
e de
taile
d in
form
atio
n on
the
EM
C e
ffec
t, nu
cleo
n m
odif
icat
ion
in n
ucle
i,
Col
or T
rans
pare
ncy,
qua
rk e
nerg
y lo
ss, J
/ψ p
rodu
ctio
n an
d in
tera
ctio
n, e
tc...
- In
the
end,
thes
e al
l tel
l us
som
ethi
ng a
bout
QC
D
