Muller grammatical theory part1 - UPRRP

172

Transcript of Muller grammatical theory part1 - UPRRP

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chased Mary

vp/np np>

vp

\

∗ \

the cat chased Mary

np/n n (s\np)/np np> >

np s\np<s

\

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x y

(s eat ′(x ,y)\np S x )/np y np apples ′

>

s eat ′(x ,apples ′)\np S x

′ ′ ′

′ ′ ′S

λ

λy.λx . ′(x ,y)

λy.λx . ′(x ,y)

λy.λx .eat ′(x ,y) ′

λx .eat ′(x ,apples ′)

β

′ ′

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β

β

Jacob eats apples

np ′(s\np)/np λy.λx .eat ′(x ,y) np apples ′

>

s\np λy.λx .eat ′(x ,y) apples ′

λx .eat ′(x ,apples ′)<

s λx .eat ′(x ,apples ′) jacob ′

eat ′(jacob ′,apples ′)

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The small cat chased Mary quickly round the дarden

np/n n/n n (s\np)/np np (s\np)\(s\np) (s\np)\(s\np)/np np/n n> >

n s\np> <

np s\np>

np>

(s\np)\(s\np)<

(s\np)<s

α ∈ → α ∈ by

α ′ → λyλxα ′(y)(x )

by

by

by

by

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John was touched by Mary.

np (s\np)/PstP PstP/npby npby/np np>

npby>

PstP>

s\np<s

\ \

\ \

er ihn isst

np nom np acc (s+

\np nom )\np acc<

s+

\np nom<s

+

isst er ihn

((s− /np acc )/np nom np nom np acc>

s− /np acc>s−

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isst er ihn

(s\np nom )\np acc np nom np acc (((s\(s\np nom )\np acc )\np nom )\np acc<

(s\(s\np nom )\np acc )\np nom<

s\((s\np nom )\np acc )<s

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| \

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\

| |

\ \

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These apples Harry must have been eatinд>T

np s/(s\np) (s\np)/vp vp/vp en vp en/vp inд vp inд/np>B

s/vp>B

s/vp en>B

s/vp inд>B

s/np

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∈′

These apples Harry must have been eatinд>↑ >T

st/(s/np) s/(s\np) (s\np)/vp vp/vp en vp en/vp inд vp inд/np>B

s/vp>B

s/vp en>B

s/vp inд>B

s/np>

st

Apples I believe that Harry eats>↑ >T

st/(s/np) s/(s\np) (s\np)/s ′ s ′/s s/(s\np) (s\np)/np>B >B

s/s ′ s/np>B

s/s>B

s/np>

st

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Fido we put downstairs>↑↑ >T

(st/pp)/((s/pp)/np) s/(s\np) ((s\np)/pp)/np pp>BB

(s/pp)/np>

st/pp>

st

↑↑

∈′

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\

\

that Manny says Anna married>T >T

(n\n)/(s/np) s/(s\np) (s\np)/s s/(s\np) (s\np)/np>B >B

s/s s/np>B

s/np>

n\n

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\

\ \

\ \

\

\

\

\

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↑ ↓

↑ ↓ \

↑ ↓ \

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〈 〉

[ ]

⟨ ⟩

[ ]

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〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

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〈〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

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〈〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

[⟨ ⟩

]⟨ [

⟨ ⟩

]⟩

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⟨ ⟩

[ ]

⟨ ⟩

⟨ [ ] ⟩

[| 〈〉

| 〈〉

]

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| | |

| | | | ⊕ 〈 〉⟨ ⟩

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⟨ ⟩

〈 〉 ⊕⟨ ⟩

〈〉 ⊕⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

⊕ 〈〉

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

| | | 〈〉

⟨ ⟩

| | |⟨ ⟩

⟨ [

⟨ ⟩

] ⟩

+

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+ <

<

+

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〈〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

| | |

⟨ ⟩

| |

[ ]

⟨ ⟩

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[〈 〉

]

[〈 〉

]

[〈 〉

]

[ ]

〈 〉

[| | |

| | | |

]

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| | | | | | |

| |

[ ]

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

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⟨ ⟩

| |

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

| |

[ ]

⊕ 〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

|

[ ]

〈〉

| |

[ ]

〈〉

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⟨ [ ] ⟩

i j i j

i i

i i

i i

i i

i i

i i

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[ ]

⟨ ⟩

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|

⟨ ⟩

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[⟨ ⟩

]

〈〉

⟨ ⟩

〈〉

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|

|

⟨ | |

[|

〈〉

]

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⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

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| |

⟨ ⟩

7→

f ( )

| |

[ ]⟨ ⟩

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⟨ ⟩

|

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

|

[ ]

⟨ ⟩

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f ( )

| |

[ ]⟨ ⟩

| |

⟨ ⟩

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j

j k

j k

j k l

| |

[⟨ ⟩

]

7→

f ( )

| |

[ ]

〈 〉⟨

k

k

k l

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k k

k k

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〈 〉

k

k

〈〉

|

[ ]

⟨ ⟩

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〈〉

〈〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

дibt

дibt

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〈〉

|

⟨ ⟩

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|

|

7→

| |

+

|

[ ]

〈〉

〈〉

〈 〉 | |

〈〉

| |

〈 〉

| |

〈 〉

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〈〉

|[

| |]

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〈〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

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| | | ⊕

| | | | ⊕ 〈 〉 ⊕⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

,

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j i j i

i k i

k

j i j i

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j i j i

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〈〉

[ ]

〈〉

[| 〈 〉

| 〈〉

]

〈 〉

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|

|

+

〈〉

[| 〈 〉

| 〈 〉

]

[| | 〈〉

]

〈〉

| 〈〉

〈〉

| 〈 〉

| 〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈〉 | 〈 〉

| 〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

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〈〉

[| 〈 〉

| 〈〉

]

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[+

]

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

| | |

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

〈〉

]

⟨ ⟩

+

<

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〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

〈 〉

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⟨ ⟩

|

〈〉

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

|

〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

⊕⟨ ⟩

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|

|

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〈 〉

〈 〉 〈 〉

[〈 〉⟨

〈 〉 〈 〉⟩

]

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+ ++

+ +

¬

+

¬ +

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{ }

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∧ ∧ ∧ ∧

[ ]

[−

]

[ ]{ [ [ ] ]}

[ ]

[+

]

θ −

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[ ]

+

],

[ [θ

] ]

+

[ ]

θ

+

,

θ

+

[ ]

θ

+

,

]

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[|

]∧

{ [ [ ] ]}⊂

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+

+

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| | | 〈〉[| | A

]

〈 〉 ⊕ A

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

〈〉

〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

Φ G

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C G

I C Φ

I

⟨ ⟩

|

⟨ ⟩

〈〉

〈 〉

|

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

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|

|

|′(x )

[|

]

|

|+

| |

[ ]

| |[ ]

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Φ′

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〈〉

[| 〈 〉

| 〈〉

]

⟨ ⟩

[〈〉

] [〈〉

]⟩

[〈 〉

〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

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+

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[ [〈 〉

] ]

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[ ]⟩

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n n

[ ][ ]

[ ][ ]

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semanticpole

syntacticpole

Transient structure

construction

matchingphase

!rstmergingphase

secondmergingphase

matchingphase

secondmergingphase

semanticpole

syntacticpole

semanticpole

syntacticpole

semanticpole

syntacticpole

Transient structure

construction

!rstmergingphase

Production Parsing

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syntactic polesemantic pole

Active transitive construction

Agent

Patient

subject

direct object

Recipient

Goal

indirect object

oblique

sender

sent

sendee

syntactic polesemantic pole

Agent

Patient

subject

direct object

Recipient

Goal

indirect object

oblique

sender

sent

sendee

syntactic polesemantic pole

Active ditransitive construction

Agent

Patient

subject

direct object

Recipient

Goal

indirect object

oblique

sender

sent

sendee

He sent her the letter.

He sent the letter.

Semantic and syntactic potential of linkage introduced by "sent".

syntactic polesemantic pole

Passive caused-motion construction

Agent

Patient

direct object

subject

Goal

Recipient

oblique

indirect object

sender

sent

sendee

The letter was sent to her.

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| |

[ ]

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

| |

[ ]

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

| |

[ ]

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

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| | |

[ ]

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

| | |

[ ]

| | |

[⊕ 〈 〉

]

⟨ ⟩

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+

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,

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n

χ → φ . . .φi ∗ φi+ . . .φn ,where < i ≤ n

χ χ

∗ φ φ

→ ∗

→ ∗

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〈 〉

,

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⟨ ⟩

〈 ⇒ ∅ ⇒ 〉

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⟨ ⟩

〈 ⇒ ∅ ⇒ 〉

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i i

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⟨ ⟩

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⟨ ⟩

,

⟨ ⟩

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д

<

< д

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<

<

<

pr t

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′ ′ ′

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|

©

©

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〈 〉 © 〈 〉 = 〈 〉 ∨

〈 〉 ∨

〈 〉 ∨

〈 〉 ∨

〈 〉 ∨

〈 〉

〈 〉 〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

⊕ ⊕ n

[ ] [n

]⟩

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

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⟨ ⟩

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

〈 〉⟨ ⟩

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| | | 〈〉

| | | |

n⟩

〈 〉 © 〈 〉 © ©⟨

n⟩

|⟨

n⟩

〈 〉 © 〈 〉 © ©⟨

n⟩

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⟨ ⟩

〈 〉

〈 〉 〈 〉

〈 〉

⟨ ⟩

¬′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′

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λPλQ∃x (P (x ) ∧Q (x ))

λy ( ′(y))

λQ∃x ( ′(x ) ∧Q (x ))

[λQ∃x ( ′(x ) ∧Q (x ))

λy ( ′(y))

]

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[ ]

′ ′ ′

′′ ′′ ′

′′ ′ ′′

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′′

′′

′′

′′

′′

′ ′ ′ ′′

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′ ′′

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↓∗

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{

{

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↓ {

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−⟨ ⟩ ⟨ ⟩

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α

. .

α< <