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2011

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3.3.2 Pinus halepensis...47

3.3.2 Pinus halepensis

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.3.5 GARRIQUES

3.3.6 QUIS

3.3.7

3.3.8

3.3.9 ....49

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2011

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1.2 : STRATEGIC PARKS

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1.3.1 Villa Borghese...134

1.4 : ......................137

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CANBERRA..........139

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1.7 Le Parc de la Villette (, 1982-1998)....151

..155

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It is only in our era where the overall attitude of the landscape has emerged as a social

necessity. We promote a landscape-art on a scale that was never before conceived in history.

It is now justice for Landscape Architecture to be considered the mother of all arts.

Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe*

, Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe,

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57

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coturnix

13 ()

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58

58

14

Podiceps

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Pelecanus

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59

59

17 ()

Botaurus

stellaris

18 ()

Ixobrychus

minutus

60

60

19 ()

Nycticorax

nycticorax

20 ()

Ardeola

ralloides

61

61

21 ()

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cinerea

62

62

24

Ardea

purpurea

25

Ciconia

nigra

26

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27 ()

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falcinellus

63

63

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aeruginosu

s

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pygargus

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gentilis

31 () Accipiter

nisus

32 ()

Buteo

buteo

64

64

33 Buteo

rufinus

34 Hieraaetus

pennatus

35 Falco

tinnunculus

36 ()

Falco

vespertinus

37 Falco

subbuteo

38 Falco

eleonorae

39 Falco

peregrinus

40 ()

Rallus

aquaticus

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porzana

42 Porzana

parva

43 ()

Gallinula

chloropus

44 ()

Fulica atra

45 Himantopu

s

himantopus

46

Charadrius

dubius

65

65

47 ()

Calidris

minuta

48

Calidris

ferruginea

49 Calidris

alpina

50 Philomachu

s pugnax

51 ()

Gallinago

gallinago

52 ()

Scolopax

rusticola

53 ()

Limosa

limosa

54 Tringa

erythropus

55 Tringa

totanus

56 Tringa

stagnatilis

57 Tringa

nebularia

58 Tringa

ochropus

59 Tringa

glareola

60 Actitis

hypoleucos

66

66

61

Chroicocep

halus

ridibundus

62 Hydrocoloe

us minutus

63

Larus

melanocep

halus

64 Larus

canus

65

( )

Larus

michahellis

66

Chlidonias

hybrida

67 Chlidonias

niger

68 Chlidonias

leucopterus

69 ()

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70 ()

Streptopeli

a turtur

71

Psittacula

krameri

72 ()

Cuculus

canorus

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74 ()

Otus scops

67

67

75 ()

Athene

noctua

76 ()

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s europaeus

77 Apus melba

78 ()

Apus apus

79 Apus

pallidus

80 ()

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atthis

81 ()

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apiaster

82 ()

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garrulus

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epops

84 Jynx

torquilla

85 ()

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brachydact

yla

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cristata

87

Lullula

arborea

88 ()

Alauda

arvensis

68

68

89 Riparia

riparia

90 Hirundo

rustica

91 Delichon

urbicum

92 Cecropis

daurica

93 Anthus

campestris

94 Anthus

trivialis

95 Anthus

pratensis

96 Anthus

cervinus

97

Motacilla

flava

98

Motacilla

cinerea

99

Motacilla

alba

100 ()

Troglodytes

troglodytes

101 ()

Prunella

modularis

102 Erithacus

rubecula

69

69

103 () Luscinia

megarhync

hos

104 Phoenicuru

s ochruros

105 ()

Phoenicuru

s

phoenicuru

s

106 Saxicola

rubetra

107 ()

Saxicola

torquatus

108

Oenanthe

oenanthe

109 Oenanthe

hispanica

110 ()

Turdus

merula

111 Turdus

pilaris

112 () Turdus

philomelos

113 Turdus

iliacus

114 Turdus

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115 ()

Cettia cetti

70

70

116 Acrocephal

us

melanopog

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117 Acrocephal

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118

Acrocephal

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119 Acrocephal

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120 Acrocephal

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121 Hippolais

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122 Sylvia

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123 Sylvia borin

124

Sylvia

curruca

125

Sylvia

communis

126

Sylvia

cantillans

127

Sylvia

melanocep

hala

71

71

128

Phylloscopu

s sibilatrix

129

Phylloscopu

s collybita

130

Phylloscopu

s trochilus

131

Regulus

regulus

132 Regulus

ignicapilla

133

Muscicapa

striata

134

Ficedula

parva

135

Ficedula

albicollis

136

Ficedula

hypoleuca

137 Aegithalos

caudatus

138

Cyanistes

caeruleus

139 Parus

major

140

Periparus

ater

141

Certhia

brachydact

yla

72

72

142 Remiz

pendulinus

143 ()

Oriolus

oriolus

144 Lanius

collurio

145 Lanius

minor

146 Lanius

senator

147 ()

Garrulus

glandarius

148 ()

Pica pica

149 ()

Corvus

corone

150 ()

Sturnus

vulgaris

151

Passer

domesticus

152

Passer

hispaniolen

sis

153

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montanus

154 () Fringilla

coelebs

155 Fringilla

montifringi

73

73

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156 Serinus

serinus

157 ()

Carduelis

chloris

158 ()

Carduelis

carduelis

159 () Carduelis

spinus

160 () Carduelis

cannabina

161 ()

Loxia

curvirostra

162 ()

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stes

coccothrau

stes

163 Emberiza

cirlus

164 Emberiza

cia

165 ()

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schoeniclus

166 Emberiza

melanocep

hala

167 Emberiza

calandra

168 Aix sponsa

74

74

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169 Aix

galericulat

a

170

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hollandicus

171

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mitrata

172

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eupatria

173

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senegalus

174

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us

undulatus

175

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malabarica

176

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177

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94

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115

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, ..

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.

(Walker 1999)

.

,

(Walker 2004). ,

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Central Park, 3.400

. Hubbard

.

,

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116

116

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Hubbard (1994).

,

,

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(Phillips 2001).

, , .

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, -

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.

117

117

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() , ,

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,

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),

!

.

,

,

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. O Chris Kahle (2001),

, : 1990,

,

. 1990 1997

,

118

118

:

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. 1997

,

Kahle,

. Kahle

Didier Pourre,

(service vie)

Val-de-Marne,

. Pourre,

:

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, ,

. ,

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sur-Seine , 1997.

,

, ,

.

,

Cornailles .

Kahle Parc de Haute-lie, Seine-Saint Denis

, 10 ,

.

119

119

Walker (1999) ,

(partnerships),

,

, . ,

4 , ..,

(Urban Parks Initiative) , ,

Urban Institute 1996.

, ,

, .

1990

,

.

1999

, .

99 8 , 37

, 30 ,

, .

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, .

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4

:

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, ,

.

120

120

. Walker

:

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121

121

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.

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. James Cook

(1993), , ..

,

,

.

,

.

.

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122

122

, Cook

5 , .

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123

123

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.

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.

, , , .

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1.2 : STRATEGIC PARKS

STRATFORD PARK

(Greater London Authority 2006)

, ..

Regents Park Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens,

,

,

.

124

124

.

Greater

London Authority, Forum ,

.

8 Royal Parks,

, . 20.000

.

: , , () ,

, , , , , ,

.

:

.

, , , ,

, , ,

.

125

125

5 :

()

-,

( )

()

Stratford Park

Newman (London Borough of Newman 2004). 43

Stratford, 8 . ,

City .

:

,

(stakeholders)

,

:

126

126

,

,

42

127

127

42

1.2.1 HYDE PARK

Hyde Park

.

, .

Kensington,

Hyde Park. , . Hyde Park. 350 (1,4

km) Kensington 275 (1,1 km)

625 (2,5 km).

http://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Serpentine_%28lake%29http://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Geesehttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Kensington_Gardens

128

128

Hyde Park Ebury,

. Decimus

Burton 1820, Kensington

, .

Decimus Burton.

. :

entablature volutes

, . ,

, , antae.

,

frieze,

triumphal . frieze .. *, , ..

*, Elgin.

Bramah. , ,

-.

,

.

(

)

. Hyde.

*, ,

6 , 2004.

http://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Decimus_Burtonhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Decimus_Burtonhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Ionic_columnhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Elgin_marbleshttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Speakers%27_Cornerhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Marble_Archhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Rotten_Rowhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Hyde_Park_Cornerhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Diana%2C_Princess_of_Wales_Memorial_Fountain

129

129

43

44

130

130

45

1.3 : NORD MILANO

Parco Nord Milano

,

/ . 6 ,

.

Parco Nord Milano , , ,

. ,

,

, .

1967,

.

131

131

. 1970,

, Consortium, .

1975.

(1973 1983) .

120 1980.

/ ,

. ,

, 620 , 310

, 32 ,

() .

, ,

,

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350 , ,

, ,

, baseball, ,

. .

Parco Nord Milano ,

,

. ..

, , .,

.

. ,

, 5 10 .

. 30 ,

.

132

132

, 2000,

consortium, 6 ,

.

5 , , , ()

6 .

,

, .

, .

,

.

, .

:

,

, ,

, , ..:

133

133

.

1990 6 .

Parco Nord Milano

, .

.

46

134

134

47

48

135

135

1.3.1 Villa Borghese

(Villa Borghese) .

, , , .

(Piazza di Spagna).

Piazza del Popolo Porta Pinciana Via Veneto.

Borghese

. 16 . 1605

o (Scipione Borghese), ,

. Domenico Savino da Montepulciano

, .

Flaminio Ponzio

. 18 ,

, , .

1903

80 . 1911

.

. ,

Edwin Lutyens.

, , .

. Museo e Galleria Borghese,

(Canova)

(Bernini),

. Galleria Borghese

, . Galleria Nazionale d

'Arte Moderna 19 20 ,

. Museo Nazionale Etrusco.

- ,

, .

136

136

(Villa Giulia), 1553

.

( Piazza di Siena), 18 ( Arco di Settimio

Severo) .

Fontana del Moro Piazza

Navona.

Piazza Navona 19 .

: Flaminio ( A)

49

137

137

50

51

138

138

1.4 :

1,8

: 26%

13% . 1995 ,

2.700 .

,

. 15 .

. ,

,

,

,

,

, , .

52

139

139

,

70%

Djurgards.

. .

,

, .

( , ,

..),

.

,

,

.

(Stockholm Urban Assessment SUA)

(Colding,

J. et ai, 2003). To

(governance system)

(adaptive capacity),

,

. , ,

.

, Colding ..

, . -

' .

140

140

1.5 :

CANBERRA

(Plan of Management)

Canberra Australian Capital Territory,

Canberra , (Territory Plan).

(Inner) Canberra 42

. ,

, () (buffers)

.

Canberra.

,

.

Canberra ,

.

,

.

3 : , ()

, .. ,

, , ,

.

()

(management)

management

141

141

( landscape settings)

()

()

(urban catchments)

:

,

(vision) ,

, ,

(stakeholders),

(performance indicators)

(monitoring) ,

142

142

(stakeholders)

.

:

"Canberra Urban Parks and Places", Urban Services

Australian Capital Territory (ACT),

To (ACT Bureau of Sport and Recreation),

(Community Services) 43

,

.

,

"purchaser" ( "Canberra Urban Parks and Places")

"providers". "purchaser" ( ,

) - ,

, ,

. "providers" ,

, .. , .

ACT Landscape .

("Canberra Urban Parks and Places" "ACT

Bureau of Sport and Recreation"):

,

,

-

143

143

:

ACT

. ,

(.. ).

(Territory Plan) .

. :

,

,

, ,

,

,

, ,

,

, ..

, ,

,

144

144

, ,

, ,

,

, ,

.

, (. "Canberra Urban

Parks and Places") :

,

(, ) ,

(, ) ,

- ,

,

,

(weeds),

(pest management),

,

- ,

,

,

,

, ,

,

145

145

.

:

:

,

.

:

,

.

:

, ,

.

:

.

:

.

:

.

:

, ,

.

146

146

:

,

( , , , .).

:

.

:

, ,

.

:

, ,

, ,

.

:

, , , ,

.

53

147

147

1.5.1 : BELCONNEN

To Belconnen

Canberra, 87.000 2004.

Canberra, . ,

,

:

. Canberra

.

,

,

. ,

, .

Canberra

, .

.

. , , ,

, .

.

.

,

148

148

Belconnen

Canberra:

.

(brand),

. .

,

.

.

("Adopt-a-

park" program), .

.

.

, ,

.

1.6 CENTRAL PARK

.

,

. :

Central Park- New York

Hyde Park- London

Villa Borghese- Rome

149

149

Le Parc de Villette- Paris.

Central Park , 1859.

864 20.000

. ,

.

.

New Yorker,

.

, Central Park

.

Metropolitan Museum of Art, Guggenheim Museum

Mile Museum.

.

- , Image Mosaic Strawberry Fields Central Park.

John Lennon Beatls

.

, Central Park

. .

Metropolitan Opera

.

, Central

Park. ,

skating rollers. ,

(Central Park Water).

. ,

.

Central Park

1970 . ,

150

150

,

Green Central Park. .

Central Park

. ,

270.000 .

Central Park ,

1963, 25 .

54

151

151

55

56

152

152

57

1.7 Le Parc de la Villette (, 1982-1998)

Parc de la Villette

.

1982.

,

, programless

, . ,

,

. , ,

.

.

,

, .

,

.

153

153

, La Villette

, .

, 125-

. ,

25 , ,

, .

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-

.

Parc de la Villette 470 .

. , La Villette

? , ' 21

" .

La Villette

- , , ,

.

Olmstead, 19 , ,

. ',

, ,

, , , , ,

. ,

3.000 .

.

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154

154

58

59

155

155

60

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156

156

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157

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(Pauline 1993 Phillips Garcia 1994).

, .

, ;

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, , , ,

.

, .

;

158

158

,

:

,

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.

.

.

,

.

Westphal (Westphal, 1999) ,

(..,

).

, ,

.

Urmann :

, ;

. ,

,

,

, .

Brown University

(2004), ,

, .

159

159

.

,

.

,

. , ,

.

Dr. Rechel Kaplan

.

. ,

, 23% .

,

,

. (Wolf, 1998)

1.0

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160

160

.

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2009 2010,

.

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161

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www.eltlivingwalls.com/

www.antemisaris.gr

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www.prasines-steges.gr

www.buildings.gr

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_wall

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_garden

www.umass.edu/ecologicalcities/about/ECbrochure.pdf

http://weburbanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/green-building.jpg

http://ecology-salonika.org/lib/?p=126

http://www.ecocrete.gr/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=5441

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/news/efe/23/article_4038_el.htm

http://el.thecircumference.org/central-park-new-york

http://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Hyde_Park,_London

http://www.citytravelguide.gr/rome-todo-villa-borghese.html

http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/villette/

http://www.tschumi.com/projects/3/

http://www.parks.it/parco.nord.milano/Eindex.php

http://www.livingroofs.org/livingpages/typevegstructure.htmlhttp://www.eltlivingwalls.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_gardenhttp://www.umass.edu/ecologicalcities/about/ECbrochure.pdfhttp://weburbanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/green-building.jpghttp://ecology-salonika.org/lib/?p=126http://www.ecocrete.gr/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=5441http://ec.europa.eu/environment/news/efe/23/article_4038_el.htmhttp://el.thecircumference.org/central-park-new-yorkhttp://wikipedia.qwika.com/en2el/Hyde_Park,_Londonhttp://www.citytravelguide.gr/rome-todo-villa-borghese.htmlhttp://www.galinsky.com/buildings/villette/http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=el&langpair=en|el&u=http://www.tschumi.com/projects/3/http://www.parks.it/parco.nord.milano/Eindex.php

207

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http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/11/16/3068035.htm

http://www.google.gr/imgres?imgurl=http://homepage.mac.com/markmcleod/Australia/Enlar

gements/Canberra-park

autumn.jpg&imgrefurl=http://homepage.mac.com/markmcleod/AutumnWoods/TreesAustrali

a.html&usg=__0Ly5Eznc5C2Not534B5jBCWDskc=&h=329&w=900&sz=46&hl=el&start=

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=hc&vpx=615&vpy=367&dur=10898&hovh=136&hovw=372&tx=107&ty=83&ei=FroLTd

qqEIOu4AaDqKXfDA&oei=zbgLTY2iNoKHhQfX8YnACw&esq=2&page=3&ndsp=34&v

ed=1t:429,r:31,s:62&biw=1280&bih=882

http://atheofobos2.blogspot.com/2010/09/22-1980.html

http://uk.tourisme93.com/document.php?pagendx=10107

http://movieplaces.tv/places/bethesda-fountain-in-central-park.html

http://wirednewyork.com/forum/showthread.php?t=11142&page=1

http://www.traveltonewyork.info/famous-attractions-in-nyc/

http://www.propertyinvesting.net/cgi-

script/csNews/csNews.cgi?database=specialreports.db226&command=viewonex

http://travel.webshots.com/photo/2751776910058195855pnWXRD`

http://domomichaniki.wordpress.com/2010/01/20/%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%C

F%84%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7-

%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85/

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