1

1P1M 1-Polysilicon layer 1-Metal layer1T1C 1-Transistor 1-Capacitor

3D 3-Dimensional3G Third-Generation (Wireless)3T 3-Transistor

6 6T 6-Transistor

8 8T 8-Transistor

ΔΣ Delta-SigmaΔΣΜ Delta-Sigma Modulator

ΣΔ ΔΣ is preferred.ΣΔΜ ΔΣΜ is preferred.

A a-Si Amorphous SiliconAC Alternating CurrentA/D Analog-to-Digital ConverterAAC Advanced Audio CodingACI Adjacent-Channel InterfaceACLR Adjacent-Channel Leakage Power RatioACPR Adjacent-Channel Power RatioADC Analog-to-Digital ConverterADDLL All-Digital DLLADPLL All-Digital PLLADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber lineADU Analog-to-Digital UnitAES Advanced Encryption StandardAFC Automatic Frequency ControlAFE Analog Front EndAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGU Address-Generation UnitAIP Artificial-Intelligent PartnerALU Arithmetic Logic UnitAM Amplitude ModulationAMLCD Active-Matrix LCDAMOLED Active-Matrix OLEDAMP Asymmetric Multi-ProcessingAMPS Advanced Mobile-Phone ServiceAMS Analog Mixed-Signal SystemAPD Avalanche Photo-DiodeAPG Algorithmic Pattern GeneratorAPSK Amplitude Phase-Shift KeyingARM Advanced RISC MachineASIC Application-Specific Integrated CircuitASK Amplitude Shift KeyingASP Average Selling Price ASP Advanced Simple Profile MPEG-4 VideoATA Advanced Technology AttachmentATD Address-Transition DetectionATE Automatic Test EquipmentATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeATSC Advanced Television Systems CommitteeAVC Audio-Visual CODECAVC Automatic Volume Control use AGCAWG Arrayed-Waveguide Grating

BAW Bulk Acoustic WaveBB BasebandBBT Band-to-Band TunnelingBCD Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS ProcessBCD Binary-Coded DecimalBCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem

a type of error-correcting codeBD Blu-ray discBER Bit-Error RateBGA Ball-Grid ArrayBGR Band-Gap ReferenceBiCMOS Bipolar Complementary-MOSBIOS Basic Input/Output SystemBIST Built-in Self-TestBJT Bipolar Junction TransistorBL BitlineBOM Bill of MaterialsBPF Bandpass FilterBPSK Binary Phase-Shift KeyingB-VOP Bidirectional-Video Object PlanesBW Bandwidth

C4 Controlled-Collapse Chip ConnectionCAD Computer-Aided DesignCAM Content-Addressable MemoryCAN Controller Area NetworkCAS Column-Address StrobeCCCS Current-Controlled Current SourceCCD Charge-coupled DeviceCCK Complementary Code KeyingCCO Current-Controlled OscillatorCCVS Current-Controlled Voltage SourceCDAC Capacitor DACCDMA Code-Division Multiple AccessCDR Clock and Data RecoveryCDS Correlated Double SamplingCF Compact FlashCFA Color Filter ArrayCHE Channel Hot-Electron (Injection)CIS Complex-Instruction-Set ComputerCIS CMOS Image SensorCML Current-Mode LogicCMOS Complementary MOSCMRR Common-Mode Rejection RatioCMU Clock Multiplier UnitCNFET Carbon Nanotube NFETCO Central-Office hardwareCODEC Coder-DecoderCOFDM Coded FDMCPE Customer Premises EquipmentCPU Central Processing UnitCPW CoPlanar WaveguideCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCSMA Carrier-Sense Multiple AccessCT Continuous Time systemCUI Command User InterfaceCVD Chemical Vapor Deposition

D/A Digital-to-Analog ConverterDAB Digital-Audio BroadcastingDAC Digital-to-Analog ConverterdBFS dB relative to Full ScaleDBS Direct-Broadcast SatelliteDCC Duty-Cycle Corrector

ISSCC GLOSSARY

1

3

ΔΣ

A

B

C

D

6

8

ΣΔ

DCO Digitally Controlled OscillatorDCT Discrete Cosine TransformDCVS Differential Cascode Voltage SwitchDCVS Digitally-Controlled Voltage SourceDCXO Digitally Controlled Crystal OscillatorDDFS Direct-Digital Frequency Synthesis (or synthesizer)DDR Dual Data RateDDS Direct Digital SynthesisDECT Digitally Enhanced Cordless CommunicationDEM DEModulatorDEM Dynamic Element MatchingDEMOS Depletion MOSDEMUX DemultiplexerDES Data-Encryption StandardDEVM Differential Error Vector MagnitudeDFE Decision-Feedback EqualizerDFF D-type Flip FlopDFT Design for TestabilityDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDfY Design-for-YieldDIMM Dual In-Line Memory ModuleDIP Dual In-line PackageDLL Delay-Locked LoopDMA Direct Memory AccessDMB Digital Multimedia BroadcastingDMIPS Dhrystone Million Instructions Per SecondDMOS (Double-)Diffused MOSDNA Deoxyribonucleic AcidDNL Differential Non-LinearityDNR Dynamic Range (DR preferred)DOM Digital Optical ModuleDR Dynamic Range (see also DNR)DRAM Dynamic Random-Access MemoryDRC Design-Rule CheckDSB Double Side BandDSC Digital Still CameraDSL Digital Subscriber LineDS-OFDM Direct-Sequence Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiplexing DSP Digital Signal ProcessingDSSS Direct-Sequence Spread-SpectrumDT Discrete TimeDTL Diode-Transistor LogicDTV Digital TelevisionDUT Device Under TestDVB Digital-Video BroadcastingDVB-C Digital-Video Broadcasting - CableDVB-H Digital-Video Broadcasting - HandheldsDVB-S Digital-Video Broadcasting - SatelliteDVB-T Digital-Video Broadcasting - TerrestrialDVD Digital Video DiscDVS Dynamic Voltage ScalingDWA Data Weighted AveragingDWDM Dense-Wavelength-Division Multiplexing DWMT Discrete Wavelet Multi-Tone

ECC Error-Correcting CodeECG Electro-CardioGramECL Emitter-Coupled LogicECP Emitter-Coupled PairEDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global EvolutionEDR Enhanced Data RateEEG Electro-EncephaloGramEEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable

Read-Only MemoryEFR Enhanced Full-Rate GSMEIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

EKG Electro-CardioGram (see ECG)EMG ElectroMyoGramEMI Electro Magnetic InterferenceENOB Effective Number o f BitsEOT Electrical Oxide ThicknessEPON Ethernet-based Passive Optical NetworkEPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryERBW Effective-Resolution BandwidthESD ElectroStatic DischargeEVDO EVolution Data Optimized (in the context of CDMA)EVM Error-Vector MagnitudeEWC Enhanced Wireless Consortium

fmax Unity power gain frequency.fs Sampling frequencyft Transit frequencyFAMOS Floating-gate Avalanche-injection MOS TransistorFBAR Film Bulk Acoustic ResonatorFBDIMM Fully Buffered DIMMFCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)FDM Frequency-Division MultiplexingFDMA Frequency-Division Multiple-AccessFDNR Frequency-Dependent Negative ResistorFEC Forward Error CheckingFeRAM Ferro-electric Random Access MemoryFET Field-Effect TransistorFF Flip-FlopFFE Feed-Forward EqualizerFFT Fast Fourier TransformFIB Focused Ion BeamFIFO First In-First OutFinFET A MOSFET with the gate on two sides

acronym describes the physical shapeFIR Finite Impulse Response filterFLOPS Floating-Point Operations Per SecondFLOTOX Floating-gate Tunnel OXideFM Frequency ModulationFMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous WaveFN Fowler-NordheimFO4 Fan-Out of 4FOM Figure Of MeritFPGA Field-Programmable Gate ArrayFPN Fixed Pattern NoiseFPU Floating Point UnitFSG FluoroSilicate glass dielectricFSG Fluorine-doped Silicate GlassFSK Frequency-Shift KeyingFSM Finite-State Machine

GBW Gain-BandWidth productGCA Gain-Controlled AmplifierGDDR Graphics Double-Data-RateGDfM Generalized Design-for-ManufacturabilityGFSK Gaussian Frequency-Shift KeyingGFLOPS Giga Floating-Point Operations Per SecondGIDL Gate-Induced Drain LeakageGMSK Gaussian Minimum-Shift KeyingGOPS Giga-Operations Per SecondGPRS General Packet-Radio ServiceGPS Global Positioning SystemGSM Global Standard for Mobile CommunicationGUI Graphical User Interface GVCO Gated VCO

H

ISSCC GLOSSARY

E

F

G

HBT Hetero-junction Bipolar TransistorHBM Human Body ModelHCI Host-Controller InterfaceHCI Human-to-Computer InterfaceHD High-DensityHDD Hard-Disk-Drive HDL Hardware-Description LanguageHDTV High-Definition TeleVisionHD2 2nd order Harmonic Distortion HD3 3rd order Harmonic DistortionHiFi High FidelityHPF High-Pass FilterHSPDA High-Speed Downlink Packet AccessHT3 Hypertransport 3 (I/O standard)HTM Hierarchical Temporal MemoryHV High VoltageHVCMOS High-Voltage Complementary MOSHVMOS High-Voltage MOS

I/O Input-OutputI/Q In Phase and QuadratureIBOC In-Band Out-of-ChannelIC Integrated CircuitID IdentificationIF Intermediate FrequencyIIP2 Input-referred Input 2nd-order Intercept PointIIP3 Input-referred Input 3rd-order Intercept PointIIR Infinite Impulse Response FilterIMD Inter-Modulation DistortionIM2 2nd-order InterModulation distortionIM3 3rd-order InterModulation distortionINL Integral Non-LinearityInP Indium PhosphideIP Intellectual PropertyIPSEC Internet (Network) Protocol for SecurityIR Image RejectionIR InfraRedISDB Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting ISDB-C Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - CableISDB-S Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - SatelliteISDB-T Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - TerrestrialISFET Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect TransistorISI Inter-Symbol InterferenceISM Industrial, Scientific and Medicine BandITU-T International Telecommunications Union

JPEG Joint Photographic Expert GroupJTAG Joint Test-Automation Group

LAGS Locally-Asynchronous Globally-SynchronousLAN Local-Area NetworkLBS Location-Based Services LCD Liquid-Crystal DisplayLCOS Liquid-Crystal On SiliconLDI LVDS Display InterfaceLDCMOS Laterally Diffused Complementary

Metal-Oxide SiliconLDMOS Laterally Diffused Metal-Oxide SiliconLDO Low Drop-Out regulatorLDPC Low-Density Parity CheckLED Light-Emitting DiodeLEP Light-Emitting PolymerLFCSP LeadFrame Chip-Scale Package

LFSR Linear-Feedback Shift RegisterLIN Local Interconnect NetworkLMS Least Mean SquareLNA Low-Noise AmplifierLNB Low-Noise BlockersLO Local OscillatorLPCVD Low-Pressure Chemical-Vapor DepositionLPF Low-Pass FilterLSB Least-Significant BitLSI Large-Scale IntegrationLTPS Low-Temperature-Poly SiliconLV Low VoltageLVDS Low-Voltage Differential SignalingLVS Layout Verification to Schematic

MAC Media-Access ControllerMAC Mutiply-AccumulateMASH Multi-stAge noise SHapingMBOA Multi-Band OFDM AllianceMB-OFDM Multi-Band OFDMMCM Multi-Chip ModuleMCU MicroController UnitMDAC Multiplying DACMEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical SystemMER Modulation Error RatioMfD Manufacturing-for-DesignmicroSD micro Secure DigitalMICS Medical Implant Communication BandMIM Metal-Insulator-MetalMIMO Multipl- Input, Multiple-OutputMIPI Mobile Industry Processor InterfaceMIPS Million Instructions Per SecondML MatchlineMLC Multi-Level CellMLSD Maximum-Likelihood-Sequence DetectionMLSE Maximum-Likelihood-Sequence EstimationMMAC Mega Mutliply-AccumulateMMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMODEM Modulator-DemodulatorMOS Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (Silicon)MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FETMOST MOS TransistorMOST Media-Oriented Systems TransportMP Multi-ProcessorMP3 MPeg-1 audio layer 3 (lossy compression algorithm)MPEG Motion-Picture Expert GroupMpps Million packets per second VoIPMSB Most Significant BitMRAM Magnetic Random-Access MemoryMRAM Magnetoresistive Random-Access MemoryMRC Maximum-Ratio CombiningMSB Most-Significant BitMTJ Magnetic Tunnel JunctionMTPR Multi-Tone Power RatioMUX Multiplexer

NBTI Negative-Bias Temperature InstabilityNEF Noise Efficiency FactorNEM Nano-Electro-Mechanical systemNF Noise FigureNMOS N-channel MOS NMOST NMOS TransistorNoC Network on (a) ChipNPN N-type-P-type-N-type bipolar (transistor)NRTZ Non Return-To-Zero (see also NRZ)NRZ Non-Retun- to-Zero (see also NRTZ)

ISSCC GLOSSARY

M

N

H

I

J

L

ISSCC GLOSSARY

NTF Noise Transfer FunctionNVM Non-Volatile MemoryNVRAM Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory

ODT On-die TerminationOEM Original-Equipment ManufacturerOFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division MultiplexingOIF Optical-Internetworking ForumOIP2 Output-referred intercept point for 2nd-order

distortionOIP3 Output-referred intercept point for 3rd-order

distortionOLED Organic LEDONO Oxide-Nitride-OxideOOK On-Off KeyingOSR Over-Sampling RatioOTA Operational Transconductance AmplifierOTP One Time Programmable

P1dB 1dB gain-compression PointPA Power AmplifierPA Public-Address systemPAE Power-Added EfficiencyPAM Pulse-Amplitude ModulationPAN Personal-Area NetworkPCB Printed-Circuit BoardPCI Peripheral-Component InterconnectPCI-X PCI ExpressPCM Pulse-Code ModulationPCS Personal Communication ServicesPD Phase DetectorPD-SOI Partially-Depleted SOIPDA Personal Data AssistantPDP Power-Delay ProductPFD Phase and Frequency DetectorPGA Programmable-Gain AmplifierPGA Programmable Gate ArrayPHEMT Pseudomorphic High-Electron-Mobility TransistorPHY PHYsical layer of a communications protocolPID Proportional, Integral, Derivative

(a type of control loop)PLA Programmable Logic ArrayPLC Power-Line CommunicationPLD Programmable Logic DevicePLL Phase-Locked LoopPMOS P-channel MOS PMOST PMOS transistorPMU Power Management UnitPNP P-type-N-type-P-type bipolar (transistor)PON Passive Optical NetworkPOTS Plain-Old Telephone Serviceppm parts per millionPPM Pulse-Position ModulationPR Pseudo RandomPR Partial ResponsePRAM Phase-Change RAMPRBS Psuedo-Random Binary SequencePRML Partial-Response, Maximum-LikelihoodPROM Programmable Read-Only MemoryPSD Power Spectral DensityPSK Phase-Shift KeyingPSNR Peak SNRPSRR Power-Supply Rejection RatioPTAT Proportional To Absolute TemperaturePVD Physical Vapor DepositionPVT Process, Voltage, Temperature

PWM Pulse-Width Modulation

QAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQDR Quad Data RateQoS Quality of ServiceQPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift KeyingQVCO Quadrature Voltage-Controlled OscillatorQVGA Quarter Video Graphics Array

R/W ReadWriteRAM Random-Access MemoryRBW Resolution BandWidthRDAC Resistor DACRF Radio FrequencyRFID RF ID (tag)RISC Reduced-Instruction-Set ComputerROM Read-Only Memoryrms root mean squareROM Read-Only MemoryRSA A public-key cryptographic system, named after:

Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard AdlemanRSSI Received-Signal-Strength IndicatorRTL Resistor-Transistor LogicRTS Random Telegraph SignalRTZ Return-To-ZeroRX ReceiverRZ Return-to-Zero (see also RTZ)

SAR Successive-Approximation-RegisterSAW Surface Acoustic WaveSATA Serial Advanced-Technology AttachmentSC Switched-CapacitorSCL Source-Coupled LogicSCP Source-Coupled PairSCR Silicon Controlled RectifierS-DMB Satellite Digital-Multimedia BroadcastingSD Secure Digital (package type)SDR Software Defined RadioSDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access MemorySEM Scanning Electron MicroscopeSER Soft-Error RateSER Symbol-Error RateSerDes Serializer/DeserializerSFDR Spurious-Free Dynamic RangeSFI Serdes Framer InterfaceSFP Small Form-factor PluggableS/H Sample-and-HoldSHA Sample-and-Hold AmplifierSiGe Silicon GermaniumSiGe:C Silicon, Germanium, CarbonSIL Safety Integrity LevelSILC Stress-Induced Leakage CurrentSIMD Single-Instruction Multiple-DataSINAD SIgnal-to-Noise And Distortion (ratio)SIO Synchronous I/OSIP Single-Inline PackageSiP System in (a) PackageSL SearchlineSMP Symmetric Multi-ProcessingSMS Short-Messaging ServiceSNDR Signal-to-Noise and Distortion RatioSNM Static Noise MarginSNR Signal-to-Noise RatioSNS Social-Network Service

O

P

Q

R

S

SoC System on (a) ChipSOI Semiconductor on InsulatorSONET Synchronous Optical NETworkSONOS Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-SiliconSOS Silicon On SaphireSP Simple ProfileSPAD Single-Photon Avalanche DiodeSPDT Single Pole Double ThrowSPI System Packet InterfaceSRAM Static Random-Access MemorySSB Single Side-BandSSC Spread Spectrum ClockingSSCG Spread Spectrum Clock GeneratorSSD Sold State DiskSSN Simultaneous Switching NoiseSSO Simultaneous Switching OutputSSTL Stub Series Terminated LogicSXGA Super Extended Graphics Array

TC Temperature CoefficientTCAM Ternary Content-Addressable MemoryTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTDC Time-to-Digital ConverterTDDB Time-Dependent Dielectric BreakdownTDM Time-Division MultiplexingTDMA Time-Division Multiple-AccessTD-SCDMA Time-Division Synchronous Code-Division

Multiple AccessTEM Tunneling-Electron MicroscopeTFLOPS Tera Floating-Point Operations Per SecondTFT Thin-Film TransistorTIA TransImpedance AmplifierT/H Track and HoldTHA Track-and-Hold AmplifierTHD Total Harmonic DistortionTHD+N THD plus NoiseTLB Translation Lookaside BufferTOPS Tera-Operations Per SecondTTL Transistor-Transistor LogicTV TelevisionTX Transmitter

UD Ultra-high Definition UDTV Ultra-high-Definition TeleVisionUGC User-Generated Contents UHDV Ultra-High-Definition VideoUHF Ultra-High FrequencyUI Unit IntervalUI User Interface UIPP UIpp (peak-to-peak)U-NII Unlicensed National Information InfrastructureUMPC Ultra-Mobile-PC UMTS Universal Mobile-Telecommunication SystemUPROM Unerasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryUSB Universal Serial BusUTP Unshielded Twisted PairUWB Ultra-WideBandUXGA Ultra-eXtended Graphics ArrayUPF Unified Power Format

Vt MOS transistor threshold voltageVT thermal voltageVCCS Voltage-Controlled Current SourceVCDL Voltage-Controlled Delay Line

VCO Voltage-Controlled OscillatorVCVS Voltage-Controlled Voltage-SourceVCXO Voltage-Controlled Crystal OscillatorVCSEL Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting LaserVDMOS Vertically Diffused MOSVDSL Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber LineVGA Variable-Gain AmplifierVGA Video Graphics ArrayVLIW Very Long Instruction WordVLF Very Low FrequencyVLSI Very Large-Scale IntegrationVoD Vision on DemandVoIP Voice over IPVSB Vestigial Side BandVSWR Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio

WAN Wide-Area NetworkWCDMA Wideband Code-Division Multiple- AccessWDM Wavelength-Division MultiplexingWEP Wired-Equivalent PrivacyWiFi Wireless Fidelity;

an interoperability certification for IEEE 802.11 WLAN products

WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (IEEE802.16)

WL WordlineWLAN Wireless Local-Area Network

XAUI (10 Gigabit) eXtended Attachment Unit InterfaceXDR Extreme Data RateXENPAK 10 Gb Ethernet-compatible fiber-optic standardXFMR TransForMeRXFP Small form-factor pluggable XGA Extended Graphics ArrayXO Crystal Oscillator

ISSCC GLOSSARY

T

U

V

W

X

PREFIXES AND UNIT ABBREVIATIONS

d 10-1 deci c 10-2 centi m 10-3 milli μ 10-6 micro n 10-9 nano p 10-12 pico f 10-15 femto a 10-18 atto z 10 zepto

k 103 kilo M 106 mega G 109 giga T 1012 tera P 1015 peta E 1018 exa Z 1021 zeta

__________________________________________________________________________ A ampere Å angstrom b bit B byte C coulomb ºC degrees Celsius e- electron charge F farads ft feet g gram g earth’s gravity (i.e., 4.5g) H henrys Hz hertz h hour in. inches

J joules K kelvin L liter Lx lux m meters rad radian rads radiation absorbed dose S siemens s seconds T tesla V volts W watts ε relative strain Ω ohms

______________________________________________________________________________ Ahr Ampere hour ENOB Effective number of bits (when used a unit, we do put a space before it) FOM Figures of Merit fps frames per second K 1024 (in the context of digital system, especially memory – it is a variant kilo) LSB Least-significant bit (when used a unit, we do put a space before it) nJ/b nano Joule per bit S/s Samples per second μW/Gb/s microWatt per Gigabit per second